The Murray-Darling Basin,is of immense economic significance,lying across the great wheat-sheep belt in its climatically most reliable section.The Murray-Darling Basin occupies about one-seventh of Australia’s area.D...The Murray-Darling Basin,is of immense economic significance,lying across the great wheat-sheep belt in its climatically most reliable section.The Murray-Darling Basin occupies about one-seventh of Australia’s area.During the second half of the 19th century,river shipping was of great importance.With growing demand for irrigation water and competition from railways,navigation practically ceased.The basin has by far Australia’s greatest area of irrigated pastures and crops,some 1.5 million hectares,more than 70 percent of the national total.It is the country’s second largest wine-producing region;other major products include grains,cattle,fruit,and sheep.The River Murray Weirs were constructed 100 years ago for riverboat navigation and to supply water to inland communities.But the weirs have also degraded wetlands,salinized floodplains,and devastated fish populations.Historical lessons learned from other great rivers of North America can also be applied to the Murray River watershed in Australia which is experiencing lower water levels,salinization,and reduced navigation options The primary objectives of this research are to document the history of the Murray River which became Australia’s interior pathway for settlement,navigation,and trade and encourage the creation of a Comprehensive Plan for Sustainable Development of the Murray-Darling Basin to Mitigate the Environmental Impacts.Irrigation,however,led to serious salinity problems,and according to WHO(World Health Organization)criteria,was unfit for drinking.The problem of Murray salinity has been recognized as of national significance to Australia.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthen...[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthenicum in Qinghai Province using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction.Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments,the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:temperature 50℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:15(g/mL),ethanol concentration 60%(v/v),and ultrasonic extraction time 25 min.Under these conditions,the anthocyanin content of L.ruthenicum was quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 280 nm.[Results]The extraction yield of anthocyanins from wild Qinghai L.ruthenicum was 17.0 mg/g,which is superior to the yield of 10.0 mg/g obtained by water solvent extraction,representing a 0.7%increase in extraction rate.The anthocyanin content in L.ruthenicum from different regions was determined,revealing that samples from the Chaidamu area in Qinghai had the highest content(17.3 mg/g),while samples from the Gansu area had the lowest(12.0 mg/g).[Conclusions]Ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction technology offers advantages including rapid operation,low energy consumption,high extraction yield,simple detection,and safety.展开更多
Lycium ruthenicum Murray,a plant widely cultivated in northwestern China,is integral to traditional Chinese medicine,with applications in treating menstrual disorders,cardiovascular diseases,and menopausal symptoms.De...Lycium ruthenicum Murray,a plant widely cultivated in northwestern China,is integral to traditional Chinese medicine,with applications in treating menstrual disorders,cardiovascular diseases,and menopausal symptoms.Despite its recognized medicinal value and use as a functional food,comprehensive knowledge of its metabolites and their pharmacological effects remains limited.This study presents an innovative approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC–QTOF/MS)to conduct a detailed analysis of both wild and cultivated L.ruthenicum samples.A total of 62 peaks were detected in the total ion current profile,with 59 metabolites identified based on accurate mass and MS/MS fragmentation patterns.Multivariate analyses revealed distinct chemical profiles that effectively differentiate between wild and cultivated samples,identifying six key chemical markers crucial for the classification of L.ruthenicum varieties.Furthermore,a comprehensive interaction network was constructed,highlighting the top 20 significant pathways,which elucidates the components–targets–pathways–disease relationships.These findings not only provide a robust methodology for quality assessment and geographical discrimination of L.ruthenicum but also lay a theoretical foundation for its future exploration in traditional Chinese medicine,thereby enhancing its potential as both a medicinal and functional food source.展开更多
Objective:To study the genetic diversity of Murray Valley encephalitis virus(MVEV)in Australia and Papua New Guinea.Methods:MVEV envelope gene sequences were aligned using Clustal X and manual editing was performed wi...Objective:To study the genetic diversity of Murray Valley encephalitis virus(MVEV)in Australia and Papua New Guinea.Methods:MVEV envelope gene sequences were aligned using Clustal X and manual editing was performed with Bioedit.ModelTest v.3.7 was used to select the simplest evolutionary model that adequately fitted the sequence data.Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using PhyML.The phylogenetic signal of the dataset wa.s investigated by the likelihood mapping analysis.The Bayesian phylogenetic tree was built using BEAST.Results:The phylogenetic trees showed two main clades.The cladeⅠincluding eight strains isolated from West Australia.The cladeⅡwas characterized by at least four epidemic entries,three of which localized in Northern West Australia and one in Papua New Guinea.The estimated mean evolutionary rate value of the MVEV envelope gene wa.s0.407×10^(-3)substitution/site/year(95%HPD:0.623×10^(4)-0.780×10^(-3)).Population dynamics defines a relative constant population until the year 2000.when a reduction occurred,probably due to a bottleneck.Conclusions:This study has been useful in supporting the probable connection between climate changes and viral evolution also by the vector point of view:multidisciplinary monitoring studies are important to prevent new viral epidemics inside and outside new endemic areas.展开更多
Designing bio-inspired flow fields holds great potential in improving the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC).Two kinds of biological prototypes are widely used:plant prototype and animal prototyp...Designing bio-inspired flow fields holds great potential in improving the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC).Two kinds of biological prototypes are widely used:plant prototype and animal prototype.It remains a question which one of these prototypes is more appropriate for the scenario of PEMFC.Here,a comparative study was conducted to compare bionic flow fields based on animal and plant prototypes.First,a Corn Leaf Vein Mathematical Model(CLMM)was established by extracting structural parameters from corn leaves of two growth stages.Then the obtained CLMM and well-known Murray’s law were employed to design bionic flow fields corresponding to the plant and animal prototypes,respectively,which have been subsequently compared by numerical investigations.The results demonstrate that the flow field guided by Murray’s law outperforms the counterpart based on the structural parameters of CLMM in terms of PEMFC net output power,mass transport,water management and pressure drop,suggesting that animal circulation system is more suitable to the bionic flow field design of PEMFC than plant leaf veins.The work may also offer valuable insights into the design of other flow fields related to electrochemical energy conversion.展开更多
A sensitive reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification （RT-LAMP） assay was developed for rapid visual detection of Murray valley encephalitis virus （MVEV） infection. The reaction was performed in...A sensitive reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification （RT-LAMP） assay was developed for rapid visual detection of Murray valley encephalitis virus （MVEV） infection. The reaction was performed in one step in a single tube at 63 ~C for 60 min with the addition of the hydroxynaphthol blue （HNB） dye prior to amplification. The detection limit of the RT-LAMP assay was 100 copies per reaction based on 10-fold dilutions of in vitro transcribed RNA derived from a synthetic MVEV DNA template. No cross-reaction was observed with other encephalitis-associated viruses. The assay was further evaluated using spiked cerebrospinal fluid sample with pseudotype virus containing the NS5 gene of MVEV.展开更多
Commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries is hindered by the insulating nature of sulfur and the dissolution of polysulfides. Here, a bioinspired 3D urchin-like N-doped Murray's carbon nanostructure...Commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries is hindered by the insulating nature of sulfur and the dissolution of polysulfides. Here, a bioinspired 3D urchin-like N-doped Murray's carbon nanostructure(N-MCN) with interconnected micro-meso-macroporous structure and a polydopamine protection shell has been designed as an effective sulfur host for high-performance Li-S batteries. The advanced 3D hierarchically porous framework with the characteristics of the generalized Murray's law largely improves electrolyte diffusion, facilitates electrons/ions transfer and provides strong chemisorption for active species, leading to the synergistic structural and chemical confinement of polysulfides. As a result,the obtained P@S/N-MCN electrode with high areal sulfur loading demonstrates high capacity at high current densities after long cycles. This work reveals that following the generalized Murray's law is feasible to design high-performance sulfur cathode materials for potentially practical Li-S battery applications.展开更多
本研究基于三个具有代表性的理论模型:相对论连续谱Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB)理论,相对论平均场(RMF)理论,Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (SHFB)模型,首先介绍了人工神经网络(ANN)方法,计算出了三个模型的单核子分离能的理论预测值...本研究基于三个具有代表性的理论模型:相对论连续谱Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB)理论,相对论平均场(RMF)理论,Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (SHFB)模型,首先介绍了人工神经网络(ANN)方法,计算出了三个模型的单核子分离能的理论预测值。随后利用神经网络对单核子分离能的理论值进行了优化训练,降低了单核子分离能的理论预测值与实验值之间的均方根偏差(RMSD),并在此基础上进行了两种分区优化,分别为质子和中子的幻数分区,分区优化训练后进一步降低了RMSD。单核子分离能分区训练后的RMSD比整体直接训练的效果更好,特别能显著降低轻核区的RMSD,单中子分离能进行中子幻数分区训练的效果更好,单质子分离能进行质子幻数分区训练的效果更好。This research is based on three representative theoretical models: the Relativistic Continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory, Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) theory, and Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (SHFB) model. First, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method was introduced to calculate theoretical predictions of single-nucleon separation energies for these three models. Subsequently, the neural network was employed to optimize and train the theoretical values of single-nucleon separation energies, reducing the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between theoretical predictions and experimental values. Two partitioning optimization schemes were then implemented: proton magic number partitioning and neutron magic number partitioning. The partitioned optimization training further reduced RMSD values. The partitioned training of single-nucleon separation energies demonstrated better performance than direct global training, particularly in significantly reducing RMSD in the light nuclei region. Specifically, neutron magic number partitioning showed superior effectiveness for optimizing single-neutron separation energies, while proton magic number partitioning yielded better results for single-proton separation energies.展开更多
文摘The Murray-Darling Basin,is of immense economic significance,lying across the great wheat-sheep belt in its climatically most reliable section.The Murray-Darling Basin occupies about one-seventh of Australia’s area.During the second half of the 19th century,river shipping was of great importance.With growing demand for irrigation water and competition from railways,navigation practically ceased.The basin has by far Australia’s greatest area of irrigated pastures and crops,some 1.5 million hectares,more than 70 percent of the national total.It is the country’s second largest wine-producing region;other major products include grains,cattle,fruit,and sheep.The River Murray Weirs were constructed 100 years ago for riverboat navigation and to supply water to inland communities.But the weirs have also degraded wetlands,salinized floodplains,and devastated fish populations.Historical lessons learned from other great rivers of North America can also be applied to the Murray River watershed in Australia which is experiencing lower water levels,salinization,and reduced navigation options The primary objectives of this research are to document the history of the Murray River which became Australia’s interior pathway for settlement,navigation,and trade and encourage the creation of a Comprehensive Plan for Sustainable Development of the Murray-Darling Basin to Mitigate the Environmental Impacts.Irrigation,however,led to serious salinity problems,and according to WHO(World Health Organization)criteria,was unfit for drinking.The problem of Murray salinity has been recognized as of national significance to Australia.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthenicum in Qinghai Province using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction.Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments,the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:temperature 50℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:15(g/mL),ethanol concentration 60%(v/v),and ultrasonic extraction time 25 min.Under these conditions,the anthocyanin content of L.ruthenicum was quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 280 nm.[Results]The extraction yield of anthocyanins from wild Qinghai L.ruthenicum was 17.0 mg/g,which is superior to the yield of 10.0 mg/g obtained by water solvent extraction,representing a 0.7%increase in extraction rate.The anthocyanin content in L.ruthenicum from different regions was determined,revealing that samples from the Chaidamu area in Qinghai had the highest content(17.3 mg/g),while samples from the Gansu area had the lowest(12.0 mg/g).[Conclusions]Ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction technology offers advantages including rapid operation,low energy consumption,high extraction yield,simple detection,and safety.
基金supported by Qinghai Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project(2021-SF-149),awarded to C.ChenInnovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(S202410373040),awarded to C.ChenAnhui Provincial College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(20221502032),awarded to C.Chen.
文摘Lycium ruthenicum Murray,a plant widely cultivated in northwestern China,is integral to traditional Chinese medicine,with applications in treating menstrual disorders,cardiovascular diseases,and menopausal symptoms.Despite its recognized medicinal value and use as a functional food,comprehensive knowledge of its metabolites and their pharmacological effects remains limited.This study presents an innovative approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC–QTOF/MS)to conduct a detailed analysis of both wild and cultivated L.ruthenicum samples.A total of 62 peaks were detected in the total ion current profile,with 59 metabolites identified based on accurate mass and MS/MS fragmentation patterns.Multivariate analyses revealed distinct chemical profiles that effectively differentiate between wild and cultivated samples,identifying six key chemical markers crucial for the classification of L.ruthenicum varieties.Furthermore,a comprehensive interaction network was constructed,highlighting the top 20 significant pathways,which elucidates the components–targets–pathways–disease relationships.These findings not only provide a robust methodology for quality assessment and geographical discrimination of L.ruthenicum but also lay a theoretical foundation for its future exploration in traditional Chinese medicine,thereby enhancing its potential as both a medicinal and functional food source.
文摘Objective:To study the genetic diversity of Murray Valley encephalitis virus(MVEV)in Australia and Papua New Guinea.Methods:MVEV envelope gene sequences were aligned using Clustal X and manual editing was performed with Bioedit.ModelTest v.3.7 was used to select the simplest evolutionary model that adequately fitted the sequence data.Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using PhyML.The phylogenetic signal of the dataset wa.s investigated by the likelihood mapping analysis.The Bayesian phylogenetic tree was built using BEAST.Results:The phylogenetic trees showed two main clades.The cladeⅠincluding eight strains isolated from West Australia.The cladeⅡwas characterized by at least four epidemic entries,three of which localized in Northern West Australia and one in Papua New Guinea.The estimated mean evolutionary rate value of the MVEV envelope gene wa.s0.407×10^(-3)substitution/site/year(95%HPD:0.623×10^(4)-0.780×10^(-3)).Population dynamics defines a relative constant population until the year 2000.when a reduction occurred,probably due to a bottleneck.Conclusions:This study has been useful in supporting the probable connection between climate changes and viral evolution also by the vector point of view:multidisciplinary monitoring studies are important to prevent new viral epidemics inside and outside new endemic areas.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51975245 and 52075214)Jilin Provincial Science&Technology Department(20200201058JC and 20190303039SF)+3 种基金Key Science and Technology R&D Projects of Jilin Province(2020C023-3)Program of Jilin University Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(2020TD-03)Youth Development Program of Jilin University(2020-JCXK-22)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Designing bio-inspired flow fields holds great potential in improving the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC).Two kinds of biological prototypes are widely used:plant prototype and animal prototype.It remains a question which one of these prototypes is more appropriate for the scenario of PEMFC.Here,a comparative study was conducted to compare bionic flow fields based on animal and plant prototypes.First,a Corn Leaf Vein Mathematical Model(CLMM)was established by extracting structural parameters from corn leaves of two growth stages.Then the obtained CLMM and well-known Murray’s law were employed to design bionic flow fields corresponding to the plant and animal prototypes,respectively,which have been subsequently compared by numerical investigations.The results demonstrate that the flow field guided by Murray’s law outperforms the counterpart based on the structural parameters of CLMM in terms of PEMFC net output power,mass transport,water management and pressure drop,suggesting that animal circulation system is more suitable to the bionic flow field design of PEMFC than plant leaf veins.The work may also offer valuable insights into the design of other flow fields related to electrochemical energy conversion.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.C(2011IK132)the China Mega-Project for Infectious Disease(2013ZX10004-001)
文摘A sensitive reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification （RT-LAMP） assay was developed for rapid visual detection of Murray valley encephalitis virus （MVEV） infection. The reaction was performed in one step in a single tube at 63 ~C for 60 min with the addition of the hydroxynaphthol blue （HNB） dye prior to amplification. The detection limit of the RT-LAMP assay was 100 copies per reaction based on 10-fold dilutions of in vitro transcribed RNA derived from a synthetic MVEV DNA template. No cross-reaction was observed with other encephalitis-associated viruses. The assay was further evaluated using spiked cerebrospinal fluid sample with pseudotype virus containing the NS5 gene of MVEV.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0202602, 2021YFE0115800]National Natural Science Foundation of China [22275142, U22B6011, U20A20122, 21671155]+4 种基金Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities-Plan 111 from the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Education of China [Grant No. B20002]Sinopec Ministry of Science and Technology Basic Prospective Research Project [218025-9]Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province [2021CFB082]Scientific Research Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology [K2021042]the Open Key Fund Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing [Wuhan University of Technology, 2022-KF-10]。
文摘Commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries is hindered by the insulating nature of sulfur and the dissolution of polysulfides. Here, a bioinspired 3D urchin-like N-doped Murray's carbon nanostructure(N-MCN) with interconnected micro-meso-macroporous structure and a polydopamine protection shell has been designed as an effective sulfur host for high-performance Li-S batteries. The advanced 3D hierarchically porous framework with the characteristics of the generalized Murray's law largely improves electrolyte diffusion, facilitates electrons/ions transfer and provides strong chemisorption for active species, leading to the synergistic structural and chemical confinement of polysulfides. As a result,the obtained P@S/N-MCN electrode with high areal sulfur loading demonstrates high capacity at high current densities after long cycles. This work reveals that following the generalized Murray's law is feasible to design high-performance sulfur cathode materials for potentially practical Li-S battery applications.
文摘本研究基于三个具有代表性的理论模型:相对论连续谱Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB)理论,相对论平均场(RMF)理论,Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (SHFB)模型,首先介绍了人工神经网络(ANN)方法,计算出了三个模型的单核子分离能的理论预测值。随后利用神经网络对单核子分离能的理论值进行了优化训练,降低了单核子分离能的理论预测值与实验值之间的均方根偏差(RMSD),并在此基础上进行了两种分区优化,分别为质子和中子的幻数分区,分区优化训练后进一步降低了RMSD。单核子分离能分区训练后的RMSD比整体直接训练的效果更好,特别能显著降低轻核区的RMSD,单中子分离能进行中子幻数分区训练的效果更好,单质子分离能进行质子幻数分区训练的效果更好。This research is based on three representative theoretical models: the Relativistic Continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory, Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) theory, and Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (SHFB) model. First, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method was introduced to calculate theoretical predictions of single-nucleon separation energies for these three models. Subsequently, the neural network was employed to optimize and train the theoretical values of single-nucleon separation energies, reducing the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between theoretical predictions and experimental values. Two partitioning optimization schemes were then implemented: proton magic number partitioning and neutron magic number partitioning. The partitioned optimization training further reduced RMSD values. The partitioned training of single-nucleon separation energies demonstrated better performance than direct global training, particularly in significantly reducing RMSD in the light nuclei region. Specifically, neutron magic number partitioning showed superior effectiveness for optimizing single-neutron separation energies, while proton magic number partitioning yielded better results for single-proton separation energies.
