The Murray-Darling Basin,is of immense economic significance,lying across the great wheat-sheep belt in its climatically most reliable section.The Murray-Darling Basin occupies about one-seventh of Australia’s area.D...The Murray-Darling Basin,is of immense economic significance,lying across the great wheat-sheep belt in its climatically most reliable section.The Murray-Darling Basin occupies about one-seventh of Australia’s area.During the second half of the 19th century,river shipping was of great importance.With growing demand for irrigation water and competition from railways,navigation practically ceased.The basin has by far Australia’s greatest area of irrigated pastures and crops,some 1.5 million hectares,more than 70 percent of the national total.It is the country’s second largest wine-producing region;other major products include grains,cattle,fruit,and sheep.The River Murray Weirs were constructed 100 years ago for riverboat navigation and to supply water to inland communities.But the weirs have also degraded wetlands,salinized floodplains,and devastated fish populations.Historical lessons learned from other great rivers of North America can also be applied to the Murray River watershed in Australia which is experiencing lower water levels,salinization,and reduced navigation options The primary objectives of this research are to document the history of the Murray River which became Australia’s interior pathway for settlement,navigation,and trade and encourage the creation of a Comprehensive Plan for Sustainable Development of the Murray-Darling Basin to Mitigate the Environmental Impacts.Irrigation,however,led to serious salinity problems,and according to WHO(World Health Organization)criteria,was unfit for drinking.The problem of Murray salinity has been recognized as of national significance to Australia.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthen...[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthenicum in Qinghai Province using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction.Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments,the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:temperature 50℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:15(g/mL),ethanol concentration 60%(v/v),and ultrasonic extraction time 25 min.Under these conditions,the anthocyanin content of L.ruthenicum was quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 280 nm.[Results]The extraction yield of anthocyanins from wild Qinghai L.ruthenicum was 17.0 mg/g,which is superior to the yield of 10.0 mg/g obtained by water solvent extraction,representing a 0.7%increase in extraction rate.The anthocyanin content in L.ruthenicum from different regions was determined,revealing that samples from the Chaidamu area in Qinghai had the highest content(17.3 mg/g),while samples from the Gansu area had the lowest(12.0 mg/g).[Conclusions]Ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction technology offers advantages including rapid operation,low energy consumption,high extraction yield,simple detection,and safety.展开更多
Lycium ruthenicum Murray,a plant widely cultivated in northwestern China,is integral to traditional Chinese medicine,with applications in treating menstrual disorders,cardiovascular diseases,and menopausal symptoms.De...Lycium ruthenicum Murray,a plant widely cultivated in northwestern China,is integral to traditional Chinese medicine,with applications in treating menstrual disorders,cardiovascular diseases,and menopausal symptoms.Despite its recognized medicinal value and use as a functional food,comprehensive knowledge of its metabolites and their pharmacological effects remains limited.This study presents an innovative approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC–QTOF/MS)to conduct a detailed analysis of both wild and cultivated L.ruthenicum samples.A total of 62 peaks were detected in the total ion current profile,with 59 metabolites identified based on accurate mass and MS/MS fragmentation patterns.Multivariate analyses revealed distinct chemical profiles that effectively differentiate between wild and cultivated samples,identifying six key chemical markers crucial for the classification of L.ruthenicum varieties.Furthermore,a comprehensive interaction network was constructed,highlighting the top 20 significant pathways,which elucidates the components–targets–pathways–disease relationships.These findings not only provide a robust methodology for quality assessment and geographical discrimination of L.ruthenicum but also lay a theoretical foundation for its future exploration in traditional Chinese medicine,thereby enhancing its potential as both a medicinal and functional food source.展开更多
Objective:To study the genetic diversity of Murray Valley encephalitis virus(MVEV)in Australia and Papua New Guinea.Methods:MVEV envelope gene sequences were aligned using Clustal X and manual editing was performed wi...Objective:To study the genetic diversity of Murray Valley encephalitis virus(MVEV)in Australia and Papua New Guinea.Methods:MVEV envelope gene sequences were aligned using Clustal X and manual editing was performed with Bioedit.ModelTest v.3.7 was used to select the simplest evolutionary model that adequately fitted the sequence data.Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using PhyML.The phylogenetic signal of the dataset wa.s investigated by the likelihood mapping analysis.The Bayesian phylogenetic tree was built using BEAST.Results:The phylogenetic trees showed two main clades.The cladeⅠincluding eight strains isolated from West Australia.The cladeⅡwas characterized by at least four epidemic entries,three of which localized in Northern West Australia and one in Papua New Guinea.The estimated mean evolutionary rate value of the MVEV envelope gene wa.s0.407×10^(-3)substitution/site/year(95%HPD:0.623×10^(4)-0.780×10^(-3)).Population dynamics defines a relative constant population until the year 2000.when a reduction occurred,probably due to a bottleneck.Conclusions:This study has been useful in supporting the probable connection between climate changes and viral evolution also by the vector point of view:multidisciplinary monitoring studies are important to prevent new viral epidemics inside and outside new endemic areas.展开更多
Designing bio-inspired flow fields holds great potential in improving the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC).Two kinds of biological prototypes are widely used:plant prototype and animal prototyp...Designing bio-inspired flow fields holds great potential in improving the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC).Two kinds of biological prototypes are widely used:plant prototype and animal prototype.It remains a question which one of these prototypes is more appropriate for the scenario of PEMFC.Here,a comparative study was conducted to compare bionic flow fields based on animal and plant prototypes.First,a Corn Leaf Vein Mathematical Model(CLMM)was established by extracting structural parameters from corn leaves of two growth stages.Then the obtained CLMM and well-known Murray’s law were employed to design bionic flow fields corresponding to the plant and animal prototypes,respectively,which have been subsequently compared by numerical investigations.The results demonstrate that the flow field guided by Murray’s law outperforms the counterpart based on the structural parameters of CLMM in terms of PEMFC net output power,mass transport,water management and pressure drop,suggesting that animal circulation system is more suitable to the bionic flow field design of PEMFC than plant leaf veins.The work may also offer valuable insights into the design of other flow fields related to electrochemical energy conversion.展开更多
A sensitive reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification （RT-LAMP） assay was developed for rapid visual detection of Murray valley encephalitis virus （MVEV） infection. The reaction was performed in...A sensitive reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification （RT-LAMP） assay was developed for rapid visual detection of Murray valley encephalitis virus （MVEV） infection. The reaction was performed in one step in a single tube at 63 ~C for 60 min with the addition of the hydroxynaphthol blue （HNB） dye prior to amplification. The detection limit of the RT-LAMP assay was 100 copies per reaction based on 10-fold dilutions of in vitro transcribed RNA derived from a synthetic MVEV DNA template. No cross-reaction was observed with other encephalitis-associated viruses. The assay was further evaluated using spiked cerebrospinal fluid sample with pseudotype virus containing the NS5 gene of MVEV.展开更多
Commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries is hindered by the insulating nature of sulfur and the dissolution of polysulfides. Here, a bioinspired 3D urchin-like N-doped Murray's carbon nanostructure...Commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries is hindered by the insulating nature of sulfur and the dissolution of polysulfides. Here, a bioinspired 3D urchin-like N-doped Murray's carbon nanostructure(N-MCN) with interconnected micro-meso-macroporous structure and a polydopamine protection shell has been designed as an effective sulfur host for high-performance Li-S batteries. The advanced 3D hierarchically porous framework with the characteristics of the generalized Murray's law largely improves electrolyte diffusion, facilitates electrons/ions transfer and provides strong chemisorption for active species, leading to the synergistic structural and chemical confinement of polysulfides. As a result,the obtained P@S/N-MCN electrode with high areal sulfur loading demonstrates high capacity at high current densities after long cycles. This work reveals that following the generalized Murray's law is feasible to design high-performance sulfur cathode materials for potentially practical Li-S battery applications.展开更多
With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a study by the research group led by Prof.Ding Bin(丁彬)and Prof.Wang XianFeng(王先锋),both from the Innovation Center for Textile Science and Techn...With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a study by the research group led by Prof.Ding Bin(丁彬)and Prof.Wang XianFeng(王先锋),both from the Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology,Donghua University,demonstrates the antigravity directional water transport and quick dry performance in the biomimetic micro-and nanofibrous Murray membranes,which was published in ACS Nano(DOI:10.1021/acsnano.8b08242).展开更多
The floods caused by the extreme precipitation in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)and Murray–Darling River basin(MDRB),the largest basins in China and Australia,have significant impacts on the society and regional econom...The floods caused by the extreme precipitation in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)and Murray–Darling River basin(MDRB),the largest basins in China and Australia,have significant impacts on the society and regional economies.Based on the spatial–temporal analysis of the daily precipitation extremes(DPEs)during 1982–2016,we found that for both basins,the whole-basin-type DPEs have the highest proportion and a synchronous DPE interannual variation characteristic exists in the two basins,with the 3-yr running correlation coefficient of the annual DPE days(DPEDs)reaching almost 0.7(significant at the 0.01 level).The El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),which is one of the most significant climate disturbance factors in the world,plays an important role in modulating the variability of the DPEs in the two basins.Singular value decomposition(SVD)analysis revealed that both the YRB and the MDRB’s whole-basin-type DPEs are closely coupled with the procedure that the preceding winter eastern Pacific(EP)-type El Ni?o faded to a central Pacific(CP)-type La Nina.This means that the DPEs in the YRB and MDRB may synchronously occur more frequently when the above process occurs.Owing to the atmosphere–ocean interaction from the east–west dipole sea surface temperature(SST)anomaly pattern,the atmospheric circulation disturbance exhibits a pattern in which the equatorial eastern Pacific region is a mass source anomaly with a higher pressure,drier air,and weaker convection,while the equatorial western Pacific region is a mass sink anomaly with a lower pressure,wetter air,and stronger convection.Moreover,two wave trains that originated from the tropical western Pacific were found to extend to the YRB and MDRB.The interaction between the wave train’s interphase dynamics and water vapor transport disturbance results in the ascent conditions and enhanced water vapor transport,which leads to the synchronous occurrence of DPEs in the YRB and MDRB on an interannual scale.展开更多
Murray cod(Maccullochella peelii)is a freshwater percichthyid fish that has a high market value and potential for culture in recirculating aquaculture systems(RASs).Illumination is an important environmental factor th...Murray cod(Maccullochella peelii)is a freshwater percichthyid fish that has a high market value and potential for culture in recirculating aquaculture systems(RASs).Illumination is an important environmental factor that affects the growth and physiological condition of fishes.A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the light factors and the growth,nutrient composition and stress response of juvenile Murray cod in RAS is important to achieve satisfactory theoretical and practical aquaculture performance.Juvenile Murray cod were randomly assigned to nine RAS tanks with a volume of 1.5 m^(3),with each tank containing 120 fishes(3.5±0.5g).The fish were cultured for 120 days under different light intensities(1200,2400,and 3600 lx)and photoperiods(12L:12D,18L:6D and 24L:0D).The results showed that the final weight and feed conversion ratio of Murray cod under a light intensity of 1200 lx were significantly better than those under 3600 lx(P<0.05).The serum total protein and globulin were higher at the light intensity of 1200lx,compared to other light intensities.The blood urea nitrogen level improved with increasing light intensity at LD12:12 and LD18:6 of photoperiod,as well as the superoxide dismutase level improved significantly from LD18:6 to LD24:0 of photoperiod.The findings indicated that the optimal light condition to enhance growth at juvenile stage is 1200 lx of the light intensity and LD18:6 of the photoperiod.展开更多
It’s probably fair to say that Andy Murray’s lyrical prowess,in song terms,is pretty limited.His vip slot on the Bryan twins’(rather catchy)Autograph left a little to be desired but that doesn’t mean songs about...It’s probably fair to say that Andy Murray’s lyrical prowess,in song terms,is pretty limited.His vip slot on the Bryan twins’(rather catchy)Autograph left a little to be desired but that doesn’t mean songs about Andy Murray are not good.In fact,one of them is really rather catchy.展开更多
文摘The Murray-Darling Basin,is of immense economic significance,lying across the great wheat-sheep belt in its climatically most reliable section.The Murray-Darling Basin occupies about one-seventh of Australia’s area.During the second half of the 19th century,river shipping was of great importance.With growing demand for irrigation water and competition from railways,navigation practically ceased.The basin has by far Australia’s greatest area of irrigated pastures and crops,some 1.5 million hectares,more than 70 percent of the national total.It is the country’s second largest wine-producing region;other major products include grains,cattle,fruit,and sheep.The River Murray Weirs were constructed 100 years ago for riverboat navigation and to supply water to inland communities.But the weirs have also degraded wetlands,salinized floodplains,and devastated fish populations.Historical lessons learned from other great rivers of North America can also be applied to the Murray River watershed in Australia which is experiencing lower water levels,salinization,and reduced navigation options The primary objectives of this research are to document the history of the Murray River which became Australia’s interior pathway for settlement,navigation,and trade and encourage the creation of a Comprehensive Plan for Sustainable Development of the Murray-Darling Basin to Mitigate the Environmental Impacts.Irrigation,however,led to serious salinity problems,and according to WHO(World Health Organization)criteria,was unfit for drinking.The problem of Murray salinity has been recognized as of national significance to Australia.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthenicum in Qinghai Province using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction.Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments,the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:temperature 50℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:15(g/mL),ethanol concentration 60%(v/v),and ultrasonic extraction time 25 min.Under these conditions,the anthocyanin content of L.ruthenicum was quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 280 nm.[Results]The extraction yield of anthocyanins from wild Qinghai L.ruthenicum was 17.0 mg/g,which is superior to the yield of 10.0 mg/g obtained by water solvent extraction,representing a 0.7%increase in extraction rate.The anthocyanin content in L.ruthenicum from different regions was determined,revealing that samples from the Chaidamu area in Qinghai had the highest content(17.3 mg/g),while samples from the Gansu area had the lowest(12.0 mg/g).[Conclusions]Ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction technology offers advantages including rapid operation,low energy consumption,high extraction yield,simple detection,and safety.
基金supported by Qinghai Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project(2021-SF-149),awarded to C.ChenInnovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(S202410373040),awarded to C.ChenAnhui Provincial College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(20221502032),awarded to C.Chen.
文摘Lycium ruthenicum Murray,a plant widely cultivated in northwestern China,is integral to traditional Chinese medicine,with applications in treating menstrual disorders,cardiovascular diseases,and menopausal symptoms.Despite its recognized medicinal value and use as a functional food,comprehensive knowledge of its metabolites and their pharmacological effects remains limited.This study presents an innovative approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC–QTOF/MS)to conduct a detailed analysis of both wild and cultivated L.ruthenicum samples.A total of 62 peaks were detected in the total ion current profile,with 59 metabolites identified based on accurate mass and MS/MS fragmentation patterns.Multivariate analyses revealed distinct chemical profiles that effectively differentiate between wild and cultivated samples,identifying six key chemical markers crucial for the classification of L.ruthenicum varieties.Furthermore,a comprehensive interaction network was constructed,highlighting the top 20 significant pathways,which elucidates the components–targets–pathways–disease relationships.These findings not only provide a robust methodology for quality assessment and geographical discrimination of L.ruthenicum but also lay a theoretical foundation for its future exploration in traditional Chinese medicine,thereby enhancing its potential as both a medicinal and functional food source.
文摘Objective:To study the genetic diversity of Murray Valley encephalitis virus(MVEV)in Australia and Papua New Guinea.Methods:MVEV envelope gene sequences were aligned using Clustal X and manual editing was performed with Bioedit.ModelTest v.3.7 was used to select the simplest evolutionary model that adequately fitted the sequence data.Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using PhyML.The phylogenetic signal of the dataset wa.s investigated by the likelihood mapping analysis.The Bayesian phylogenetic tree was built using BEAST.Results:The phylogenetic trees showed two main clades.The cladeⅠincluding eight strains isolated from West Australia.The cladeⅡwas characterized by at least four epidemic entries,three of which localized in Northern West Australia and one in Papua New Guinea.The estimated mean evolutionary rate value of the MVEV envelope gene wa.s0.407×10^(-3)substitution/site/year(95%HPD:0.623×10^(4)-0.780×10^(-3)).Population dynamics defines a relative constant population until the year 2000.when a reduction occurred,probably due to a bottleneck.Conclusions:This study has been useful in supporting the probable connection between climate changes and viral evolution also by the vector point of view:multidisciplinary monitoring studies are important to prevent new viral epidemics inside and outside new endemic areas.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51975245 and 52075214)Jilin Provincial Science&Technology Department(20200201058JC and 20190303039SF)+3 种基金Key Science and Technology R&D Projects of Jilin Province(2020C023-3)Program of Jilin University Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(2020TD-03)Youth Development Program of Jilin University(2020-JCXK-22)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Designing bio-inspired flow fields holds great potential in improving the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC).Two kinds of biological prototypes are widely used:plant prototype and animal prototype.It remains a question which one of these prototypes is more appropriate for the scenario of PEMFC.Here,a comparative study was conducted to compare bionic flow fields based on animal and plant prototypes.First,a Corn Leaf Vein Mathematical Model(CLMM)was established by extracting structural parameters from corn leaves of two growth stages.Then the obtained CLMM and well-known Murray’s law were employed to design bionic flow fields corresponding to the plant and animal prototypes,respectively,which have been subsequently compared by numerical investigations.The results demonstrate that the flow field guided by Murray’s law outperforms the counterpart based on the structural parameters of CLMM in terms of PEMFC net output power,mass transport,water management and pressure drop,suggesting that animal circulation system is more suitable to the bionic flow field design of PEMFC than plant leaf veins.The work may also offer valuable insights into the design of other flow fields related to electrochemical energy conversion.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.C(2011IK132)the China Mega-Project for Infectious Disease(2013ZX10004-001)
文摘A sensitive reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification （RT-LAMP） assay was developed for rapid visual detection of Murray valley encephalitis virus （MVEV） infection. The reaction was performed in one step in a single tube at 63 ~C for 60 min with the addition of the hydroxynaphthol blue （HNB） dye prior to amplification. The detection limit of the RT-LAMP assay was 100 copies per reaction based on 10-fold dilutions of in vitro transcribed RNA derived from a synthetic MVEV DNA template. No cross-reaction was observed with other encephalitis-associated viruses. The assay was further evaluated using spiked cerebrospinal fluid sample with pseudotype virus containing the NS5 gene of MVEV.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0202602, 2021YFE0115800]National Natural Science Foundation of China [22275142, U22B6011, U20A20122, 21671155]+4 种基金Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities-Plan 111 from the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Education of China [Grant No. B20002]Sinopec Ministry of Science and Technology Basic Prospective Research Project [218025-9]Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province [2021CFB082]Scientific Research Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology [K2021042]the Open Key Fund Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing [Wuhan University of Technology, 2022-KF-10]。
文摘Commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries is hindered by the insulating nature of sulfur and the dissolution of polysulfides. Here, a bioinspired 3D urchin-like N-doped Murray's carbon nanostructure(N-MCN) with interconnected micro-meso-macroporous structure and a polydopamine protection shell has been designed as an effective sulfur host for high-performance Li-S batteries. The advanced 3D hierarchically porous framework with the characteristics of the generalized Murray's law largely improves electrolyte diffusion, facilitates electrons/ions transfer and provides strong chemisorption for active species, leading to the synergistic structural and chemical confinement of polysulfides. As a result,the obtained P@S/N-MCN electrode with high areal sulfur loading demonstrates high capacity at high current densities after long cycles. This work reveals that following the generalized Murray's law is feasible to design high-performance sulfur cathode materials for potentially practical Li-S battery applications.
文摘With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a study by the research group led by Prof.Ding Bin(丁彬)and Prof.Wang XianFeng(王先锋),both from the Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology,Donghua University,demonstrates the antigravity directional water transport and quick dry performance in the biomimetic micro-and nanofibrous Murray membranes,which was published in ACS Nano(DOI:10.1021/acsnano.8b08242).
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0603701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671211 and 41907398)。
文摘The floods caused by the extreme precipitation in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)and Murray–Darling River basin(MDRB),the largest basins in China and Australia,have significant impacts on the society and regional economies.Based on the spatial–temporal analysis of the daily precipitation extremes(DPEs)during 1982–2016,we found that for both basins,the whole-basin-type DPEs have the highest proportion and a synchronous DPE interannual variation characteristic exists in the two basins,with the 3-yr running correlation coefficient of the annual DPE days(DPEDs)reaching almost 0.7(significant at the 0.01 level).The El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),which is one of the most significant climate disturbance factors in the world,plays an important role in modulating the variability of the DPEs in the two basins.Singular value decomposition(SVD)analysis revealed that both the YRB and the MDRB’s whole-basin-type DPEs are closely coupled with the procedure that the preceding winter eastern Pacific(EP)-type El Ni?o faded to a central Pacific(CP)-type La Nina.This means that the DPEs in the YRB and MDRB may synchronously occur more frequently when the above process occurs.Owing to the atmosphere–ocean interaction from the east–west dipole sea surface temperature(SST)anomaly pattern,the atmospheric circulation disturbance exhibits a pattern in which the equatorial eastern Pacific region is a mass source anomaly with a higher pressure,drier air,and weaker convection,while the equatorial western Pacific region is a mass sink anomaly with a lower pressure,wetter air,and stronger convection.Moreover,two wave trains that originated from the tropical western Pacific were found to extend to the YRB and MDRB.The interaction between the wave train’s interphase dynamics and water vapor transport disturbance results in the ascent conditions and enhanced water vapor transport,which leads to the synchronous occurrence of DPEs in the YRB and MDRB on an interannual scale.
基金study was provided by the National Key Research and Development Project:Precise Pond Culture Technology and Aquatic Product Quality Improvement Model"(2019YFD0900303)the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program,China(Grant No.X20210301)+1 种基金the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund(China-ASEAN Center for Joint Research and Promotion of Marine Aquaculture Technology)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(Project No.:2018M641984)。
文摘Murray cod(Maccullochella peelii)is a freshwater percichthyid fish that has a high market value and potential for culture in recirculating aquaculture systems(RASs).Illumination is an important environmental factor that affects the growth and physiological condition of fishes.A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the light factors and the growth,nutrient composition and stress response of juvenile Murray cod in RAS is important to achieve satisfactory theoretical and practical aquaculture performance.Juvenile Murray cod were randomly assigned to nine RAS tanks with a volume of 1.5 m^(3),with each tank containing 120 fishes(3.5±0.5g).The fish were cultured for 120 days under different light intensities(1200,2400,and 3600 lx)and photoperiods(12L:12D,18L:6D and 24L:0D).The results showed that the final weight and feed conversion ratio of Murray cod under a light intensity of 1200 lx were significantly better than those under 3600 lx(P<0.05).The serum total protein and globulin were higher at the light intensity of 1200lx,compared to other light intensities.The blood urea nitrogen level improved with increasing light intensity at LD12:12 and LD18:6 of photoperiod,as well as the superoxide dismutase level improved significantly from LD18:6 to LD24:0 of photoperiod.The findings indicated that the optimal light condition to enhance growth at juvenile stage is 1200 lx of the light intensity and LD18:6 of the photoperiod.
文摘It’s probably fair to say that Andy Murray’s lyrical prowess,in song terms,is pretty limited.His vip slot on the Bryan twins’(rather catchy)Autograph left a little to be desired but that doesn’t mean songs about Andy Murray are not good.In fact,one of them is really rather catchy.
