Multivalent-ion(such as Zn^(2+),Mg^(2+),Al^(3+))batteries are considered as a prospective alternative for large-scale energy storage.However,the main problem of cathode materials for multivalent-ion batteries is the s...Multivalent-ion(such as Zn^(2+),Mg^(2+),Al^(3+))batteries are considered as a prospective alternative for large-scale energy storage.However,the main problem of cathode materials for multivalent-ion batteries is the sluggish diffusion of multivalent ions.Many cathode materials will self-adjust under electrochemical conditions to achieve the optimal state for multivalent-ion storage.In this review,the significant role of electrochemical in situ structural reconstruction of cathode materials is suggested.The types,basic characteristics,and formation mechanisms of reconstructed phases have been systematically discussed and commented.The most important insight we pointed out is that the cathode materials with loose structures after in situ electrochemical activation are conducive to the reversible diffusion of multivalent ions.Moreover,several crucial issues of electrochemical activation and reconstruction were further analyzed and discussed.The challenges and future perspectives are presented in the final section.展开更多
Rechargeable batteries of high energy density and overall performance are becoming a critically important technology in the rapidly changing society of the twenty-first century.While lithium-ion batteries have so far ...Rechargeable batteries of high energy density and overall performance are becoming a critically important technology in the rapidly changing society of the twenty-first century.While lithium-ion batteries have so far been the dominant choice,numerous emerging applications call for higher capacity,better safety and lower costs while maintaining sufficient cyclability.The design space for potentially better alternatives is extremely large,with numerous new chemistries and architectures being simultaneously explored.These include other insertion ions(e.g.sodium and numerous multivalent ions),conversion electrode materials(e.g.silicon,metallic anodes,halides and chalcogens)and aqueous and solid electrolytes.However,each of these potential“beyond lithium-ion”alternatives faces numerous challenges that often lead to very poor cyclability,especially at the commercial cell level,while lithium-ion batteries continue to improve in performance and decrease in cost.This review examines fundamental principles to rationalise these numerous developments,and in each case,a brief overview is given on the advantages,advances,remaining challenges preventing cell-level implementation and the state-of-the-art of the solutions to these challenges.Finally,research and development results obtained in academia are compared to emerging commercial examples,as a commentary on the current and near-future viability of these“beyond lithium-ion”alternatives.展开更多
Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)are recognized as one of the promising candidates for future energy stor-age devices due to their merits of cost-effectiveness,high voltage,and high-power operation.Many efforts have been d...Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)are recognized as one of the promising candidates for future energy stor-age devices due to their merits of cost-effectiveness,high voltage,and high-power operation.Many efforts have been devoted to the development of cathode materials,and the progress has been well summarized in this review paper.Moreover,in addition to materials,the intercalation mechanism also plays a key role in determining cell per-formance.Here,the research progress of cathode materials and corresponding ion intercalation mechanism in AIBs are summarized,including intercalation of AlCl_(4)-,intercala-tion of Al^(3+),and coordination of AlCl_(2)^(+)/AlCl^(2+).This minireview provides comprehensive guidance on the design of cathode materials for the development of high-performance AIBs.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.51774330,52072411,51932011)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant no.2021JJ20060)The science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province (Grant no.2021RC3001).
文摘Multivalent-ion(such as Zn^(2+),Mg^(2+),Al^(3+))batteries are considered as a prospective alternative for large-scale energy storage.However,the main problem of cathode materials for multivalent-ion batteries is the sluggish diffusion of multivalent ions.Many cathode materials will self-adjust under electrochemical conditions to achieve the optimal state for multivalent-ion storage.In this review,the significant role of electrochemical in situ structural reconstruction of cathode materials is suggested.The types,basic characteristics,and formation mechanisms of reconstructed phases have been systematically discussed and commented.The most important insight we pointed out is that the cathode materials with loose structures after in situ electrochemical activation are conducive to the reversible diffusion of multivalent ions.Moreover,several crucial issues of electrochemical activation and reconstruction were further analyzed and discussed.The challenges and future perspectives are presented in the final section.
基金J.Wang acknowledges the support by MOE,Singapore Ministry of Education(MOE2018-T2-2-095)for research work conducted at the National University of Singapore.Z.L.Liu acknowledges the A*STAR’s Central Research Funds(CRF)Award(Project:SC25/21-111312)+1 种基金Y.Gao acknowledges financial support by ST Engineering Advanced Material Engineering Pte.Ltd.and Singapore Economic Development BoardOpen access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Rechargeable batteries of high energy density and overall performance are becoming a critically important technology in the rapidly changing society of the twenty-first century.While lithium-ion batteries have so far been the dominant choice,numerous emerging applications call for higher capacity,better safety and lower costs while maintaining sufficient cyclability.The design space for potentially better alternatives is extremely large,with numerous new chemistries and architectures being simultaneously explored.These include other insertion ions(e.g.sodium and numerous multivalent ions),conversion electrode materials(e.g.silicon,metallic anodes,halides and chalcogens)and aqueous and solid electrolytes.However,each of these potential“beyond lithium-ion”alternatives faces numerous challenges that often lead to very poor cyclability,especially at the commercial cell level,while lithium-ion batteries continue to improve in performance and decrease in cost.This review examines fundamental principles to rationalise these numerous developments,and in each case,a brief overview is given on the advantages,advances,remaining challenges preventing cell-level implementation and the state-of-the-art of the solutions to these challenges.Finally,research and development results obtained in academia are compared to emerging commercial examples,as a commentary on the current and near-future viability of these“beyond lithium-ion”alternatives.
基金financially supported by the National key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFB0104001)。
文摘Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)are recognized as one of the promising candidates for future energy stor-age devices due to their merits of cost-effectiveness,high voltage,and high-power operation.Many efforts have been devoted to the development of cathode materials,and the progress has been well summarized in this review paper.Moreover,in addition to materials,the intercalation mechanism also plays a key role in determining cell per-formance.Here,the research progress of cathode materials and corresponding ion intercalation mechanism in AIBs are summarized,including intercalation of AlCl_(4)-,intercala-tion of Al^(3+),and coordination of AlCl_(2)^(+)/AlCl^(2+).This minireview provides comprehensive guidance on the design of cathode materials for the development of high-performance AIBs.
