The objective of this work is to analyze the reasons why community health interventions in Africa do not consider multisectoral approaches. To achieve it, we perform a mini-review of health development policies and pl...The objective of this work is to analyze the reasons why community health interventions in Africa do not consider multisectoral approaches. To achieve it, we perform a mini-review of health development policies and plans available online in seven countries from four regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, two main reasons have been highlighted. First, national strategic plans and policies for health development, in their formulation, neither sufficiently emphasize multisectoral approaches, nor sufficiently make these approaches operational in strategies and activities. Second, the mindset of health professionals due to their initial training orientation based on the biomedical approach, stands that disease is only a result of a physiological imbalance in the body;therefore, to restore health, such an imbalance only needs sophisticated procedures and interventions to be overcome. Such an orientation completely ignores the social, cultural and economic context in which the individual lives, which has an irretrievable influence on the health imbalance. However, health, influenced by the conditions in which people are conceived, born, grow, live, work and aged, cannot be effectively improved in a sustainable way without taking into account all these conditions. Whence the importance of approaches based on every sector of human activity that influences the living conditions.展开更多
This study aimed to assess sand and dust storm(SDS)risks in arid Central Asia during 2001–2021 from a multisectoral(environment,society,and agriculture)and comprehensive perspective on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)pla...This study aimed to assess sand and dust storm(SDS)risks in arid Central Asia during 2001–2021 from a multisectoral(environment,society,and agriculture)and comprehensive perspective on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.The results show that the areas with moderate or greater SDS risk accounted for 18.75%of the total area of arid Central Asia.The high SDS risk areas are mainly concentrated in the oases around the desert and are most widely distributed in spring and summer.The SDS risk in the oasis area of southern Xinjiang increased significantly,while the SDS risk in the northeastern Aral Sea region and the Kazakh hilly region decreased significantly over the 21 years.Khwarazm of Uzbekistan,located in the Amu Darya River Delta,is the administrative district with the highest comprehensive risk of sandstorms,and the Balkan State of Turkmenistan and Kashi City and Zepu County in China are the administrative districts with the highest multisectoral risk of sandstorms.The results of this study provide a complete picture of SDS risks in the arid Central Asia region and will provide some guidance to policymakers and local authorities in SDS risk mitigation.展开更多
Background Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are the main reasons of mortality worldwide.One of every two person is dying due to NCDs in Afghanistan.International policy actors,mainly the World Health Organization(WHO),pu...Background Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are the main reasons of mortality worldwide.One of every two person is dying due to NCDs in Afghanistan.International policy actors,mainly the World Health Organization(WHO),published several reports and declarations on controlling and preventing NCDs.This study aimed to provide a situation for governance of NCDs in Afghanistan and proper solutions for identified challenges.Methods We conducted qualitative research utilizing interpretive phenomenology.A self-developed questionnaire was developed to conduct the semi-structured interviews with 39 experts from Afghanistan.The results were analyzed using a deductive framework analysis.Six building block framework of health system developed by the WHO was used as predefined framework for this study.Results The governance building block of health system consists of five subthemes including policy making,planning,organizing,stewardship,and control.We identified main strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and challenges for these subthemes.The experts also provided key recommendations to address the challenges.Conclusions Management of NCDs is a neglected part of the health system in Afghanistan.Strengthening evidence-based policy making with technical and indigenous planning,establishing responsive units with adequate financial and human resources within different ministries to address“health in all policies”concept,passing and implementing national laws and regulations to support national strategies for prevention and control of NCDs,and establishing decentralized monitoring systems to control the implementation of these strategies are the main recommendations of this study.Local government and international policy actors should invest and support the development of a multisectoral coordination system at national level for Afghanistan.展开更多
文摘The objective of this work is to analyze the reasons why community health interventions in Africa do not consider multisectoral approaches. To achieve it, we perform a mini-review of health development policies and plans available online in seven countries from four regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, two main reasons have been highlighted. First, national strategic plans and policies for health development, in their formulation, neither sufficiently emphasize multisectoral approaches, nor sufficiently make these approaches operational in strategies and activities. Second, the mindset of health professionals due to their initial training orientation based on the biomedical approach, stands that disease is only a result of a physiological imbalance in the body;therefore, to restore health, such an imbalance only needs sophisticated procedures and interventions to be overcome. Such an orientation completely ignores the social, cultural and economic context in which the individual lives, which has an irretrievable influence on the health imbalance. However, health, influenced by the conditions in which people are conceived, born, grow, live, work and aged, cannot be effectively improved in a sustainable way without taking into account all these conditions. Whence the importance of approaches based on every sector of human activity that influences the living conditions.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42171014,42071424)the UNEP-NSFC International Cooperation Project(42161144004)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024QD290)the Youth Innovation Teams in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(2022KJ178)the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202103065)。
文摘This study aimed to assess sand and dust storm(SDS)risks in arid Central Asia during 2001–2021 from a multisectoral(environment,society,and agriculture)and comprehensive perspective on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.The results show that the areas with moderate or greater SDS risk accounted for 18.75%of the total area of arid Central Asia.The high SDS risk areas are mainly concentrated in the oases around the desert and are most widely distributed in spring and summer.The SDS risk in the oasis area of southern Xinjiang increased significantly,while the SDS risk in the northeastern Aral Sea region and the Kazakh hilly region decreased significantly over the 21 years.Khwarazm of Uzbekistan,located in the Amu Darya River Delta,is the administrative district with the highest comprehensive risk of sandstorms,and the Balkan State of Turkmenistan and Kashi City and Zepu County in China are the administrative districts with the highest multisectoral risk of sandstorms.The results of this study provide a complete picture of SDS risks in the arid Central Asia region and will provide some guidance to policymakers and local authorities in SDS risk mitigation.
文摘Background Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are the main reasons of mortality worldwide.One of every two person is dying due to NCDs in Afghanistan.International policy actors,mainly the World Health Organization(WHO),published several reports and declarations on controlling and preventing NCDs.This study aimed to provide a situation for governance of NCDs in Afghanistan and proper solutions for identified challenges.Methods We conducted qualitative research utilizing interpretive phenomenology.A self-developed questionnaire was developed to conduct the semi-structured interviews with 39 experts from Afghanistan.The results were analyzed using a deductive framework analysis.Six building block framework of health system developed by the WHO was used as predefined framework for this study.Results The governance building block of health system consists of five subthemes including policy making,planning,organizing,stewardship,and control.We identified main strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and challenges for these subthemes.The experts also provided key recommendations to address the challenges.Conclusions Management of NCDs is a neglected part of the health system in Afghanistan.Strengthening evidence-based policy making with technical and indigenous planning,establishing responsive units with adequate financial and human resources within different ministries to address“health in all policies”concept,passing and implementing national laws and regulations to support national strategies for prevention and control of NCDs,and establishing decentralized monitoring systems to control the implementation of these strategies are the main recommendations of this study.Local government and international policy actors should invest and support the development of a multisectoral coordination system at national level for Afghanistan.
