Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the mixture of wastewater discharged from a submerged multiport diffuser in the Nantong sea-area. The process was then simulated with a three-dimensional numerical ...Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the mixture of wastewater discharged from a submerged multiport diffuser in the Nantong sea-area. The process was then simulated with a three-dimensional numerical model. The plane or line patch was used to impose the discharge momentum flux in the near field. A comparison of model simulation with laboratory experiments shows that the proposed model can be used to simulate the shapes of pollution plumes, the distributions of excess concentration, and the velocity induced by a coflowing diffuser in proximity to a shoreline boundary. From the numerical simulation and laboratory experiments, it is recommended that the multiport diffuser be placed in a hydrodynamically active sea-area.展开更多
Equivalent two-port measurement equations for reciprocal n-port network are de-rived.As an example,applications of these equations,measurement details and data-processingmethods are discussed for any three-port networ...Equivalent two-port measurement equations for reciprocal n-port network are de-rived.As an example,applications of these equations,measurement details and data-processingmethods are discussed for any three-port network.To realize rapid and automatic measure-ments of S-parameters of any reciprocal multiport network,a set of measurement system whichis composed of auto-slotted line and program controlled movable shorts is presented in this paper.Experimental data are given for an H-plane Tee three-port network.展开更多
Multiport diffusers are the effective engineering devices installed at the marine outfall systems for the steady discharge of effluent streams from the modern coastal plants, such as municipal sewage treatment, power ...Multiport diffusers are the effective engineering devices installed at the marine outfall systems for the steady discharge of effluent streams from the modern coastal plants, such as municipal sewage treatment, power generation and seawater desalination. A far field mathematical model using a two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation is presented for continuous discharges of effluent streams from multiple outfalls on a uniformly sloping beach with a current parallel to the shoreline. The analytical solutions are illustrated graphically to replicate and capture the merging process of effluent plumes in shallow coastal waters, and then asymptotic approximation will be made to the maximum shoreline’s concentration to formulate effluent discharge plume dilution from a multiport diffuser.展开更多
We study entangling and disentangling functions of optical Fourier multiport devices in which input-output relation for the creation and annihilation operators is given by a finite Fourier transform. It is shown that ...We study entangling and disentangling functions of optical Fourier multiport devices in which input-output relation for the creation and annihilation operators is given by a finite Fourier transform. It is shown that these Fourier multiport devices can act as entanglement converters which can not only create entanglement from an unentangled state at the input but also destroy entanglement in an entangled state at the input. Creation and destruction of two-mode and three-mode entangled coherent states （ECSs） are investigated in detail. The creation and destruction of Bell-type two-mode ECS, GHZ-type and W-type three-mode ECSs are indicated explicitly through using Fourier four-port and six-port devices, respectively.展开更多
The multiport interferometric technology holds significant promise as a versatile transceiver solution for next-generation wireless systems.Considerable progress has been made in exploring and developing this technolo...The multiport interferometric technology holds significant promise as a versatile transceiver solution for next-generation wireless systems.Considerable progress has been made in exploring and developing this technology for RF front-end circuits and systems,including transmitters,receivers,and fully integrated transceivers.Its architecture distinguishes itself through several key advantages,namely,low power requirements for local oscillator(LO),cost-effectiveness,structural simplicity,wideband operation,and appreciable suitability for millimeter-wave(mmW)and terahertz(THz)applications.A particularly compelling feature of this technology is its inherent linear interference-based operation,which allows for a unified circuit topology to be used interchangeably as both a transmitter and a receiver.This versatility makes it an attractive candidate for addressing the growing demand for multifunctional wireless system design.This review article presents a comprehensive overview of the ongoing evolution of multiport interferometric technology.Various architectures are holistically examined through practical examples,with an emphasis on technical attributes,design innovations,and application scenarios.Recent advancements are highlighted,showcasing key research milestones and achievements in the field.The article also outlines future research directions and developmental prospects in the context of emerging wireless applications.As wireless systems increasingly require integrated capabilities—combining communication,sensing,and imaging—the adoption of multiport interferometric technology is poised to play a pivotal role in enabling this convergence.Its continued advancement is expected to drive innovation across a broad spectrum of next-generation wireless platforms.展开更多
To evaluate the impact of the randomness and correlation of photovoltaic(PV)and load on AC/DC systems with a multiport current flow controller(M-CFC),this paper proposes a probabilistic optimal power flow calculation ...To evaluate the impact of the randomness and correlation of photovoltaic(PV)and load on AC/DC systems with a multiport current flow controller(M-CFC),this paper proposes a probabilistic optimal power flow calculation for AC/DC systems,based on a nonparametric kernel density estimation.First,according to the M-CFC model,the DC power flow calculation method with M-CFC was inferred,and its influence on line loss was analyzed.Second,a nonparametric kernel density estimation with an adaptive bandwidth is used to accurately describe the probability distribution of the PV and load,and correlation samples of the PV and load are obtained by the mixed copula function.Then an optimization model that considers system loss and static security is established,and a fast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm based on the elite strategy(NSGA-II)is used to calculate the multi-objective probability optimal power flow of the AC/DC system.Finally,a case study is performed on a modified IEEE39 bus system using measured PV and load data.We verified that the nonparametric kernel density estimation with an adaptive bandwidth can better adapt to random component uncertainty,and M-CFC can improve the static security of the system.展开更多
BACKGROUND Median sternotomy has been considered the gold standard approach for anterior mediastinal tumor resection.However,recent advances in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic s...BACKGROUND Median sternotomy has been considered the gold standard approach for anterior mediastinal tumor resection.However,recent advances in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with carbon dioxide insufflation have allowed minimally invasive approaches even for large and locally invasive tumors of the upper-anterior mediastinum.The subxiphoid robotic optical approach is a recently developed technique for accessing the mediastinum.The trans-subxiphoid technique offers excellent exposure of the surgical field,reduces postoperative pain,facilitates specimen retrieval even for large tumors,and potentially improves early surgical outcomes.AIM To evaluate the safety,feasibility,and outcomes of a robotic subxiphoid approach for the resecting of large/invasive mediastinal tumors.METHODS Between July 2024 and September 2025,12 patients underwent subxiphoid robotic mediastinal resection.The diameter of the operated lesions ranged from 30 mm to 70 mm.A 3 cm subxiphoid incision was made at the subxiphoid level for GelPort placement,allowing for optical port access.Two operating ports were placed at the sixth intercostal space bilaterally.Carbon dioxide insufflations(8-10 mmHg)enlarged the surgical field,improving visualization of critical anatomical landmarks,such as the internal mammary arteries and phrenic nerves.This approach allowed complete resection of large or invasive tumors,preserving thoracic stability and reducing the risk of postoperative myasthenic crisis.RESULTS The mean operating time was 170.2 minutes,and the median hospital stay was 3.5 days.No major postoperative complications occurred.Two conversions were necessary:One with a lateral robotic approach due to previous abdominal surgery,and one with a sternotomy for tumor invasion of the aortic arch.Histopathological analysis identified nine thymomas and one solitary fibrous tumor.CONCLUSION Subxiphoid robotic approach is a safe,effective technique for extended thymectomy,fulfilling both oncological and myasthenia gravis surgical objectives.展开更多
目的:比较单孔附加一孔腹腔镜胆囊切除手术(single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus one port,SILC+1)与多孔腹腔镜胆囊切除手术(multi-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy,MPLC)在急性胆囊炎患者中的治疗效果差异。方法:纳...目的:比较单孔附加一孔腹腔镜胆囊切除手术(single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus one port,SILC+1)与多孔腹腔镜胆囊切除手术(multi-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy,MPLC)在急性胆囊炎患者中的治疗效果差异。方法:纳入2023年4月—2025年4月于上饶市中心医院进行治疗的急性胆囊炎患者80例,采用随机分组方式将其分为SILC+1组(40例)和MPLC组(40例)。分别实施相应手术方式,对两组患者的手术相关指标(包括手术时长、术中失血量、中转开腹情况)、术后恢复指标(住院时间、首次下床活动时间、肠功能恢复时间及饮食恢复时间)及术后24 h疼痛程度进行对比分析。术后进行为期1个月的随访,运用温哥华瘢痕评估量表(Vancouver scar scale,VSS)对手术切口愈合情况进行评价,同时统计术后并发症发生情况。结果:SILC+1组在手术时长、术中失血量、住院时间、术后疼痛评分、饮食恢复时间及VSS评分等方面均明显优于MPLC组(P<0.05);两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与传统的MPLC相比,SILC+1在急性胆囊炎手术治疗中具有创伤更小、恢复进程更快及术后疼痛程度更轻等优势,且两者在手术安全性方面无显著差别。展开更多
该文提出了一种多端口直流–直流自耦变压器的拓扑,该多端口直流自耦变压器用于互联多个直流电压等级不同的直流系统。提出了多端口直流自耦变压器的潮流直接分析法以及潮流分解分析法,推导了多端口直流自耦变压器中各换流器额定电压与...该文提出了一种多端口直流–直流自耦变压器的拓扑,该多端口直流自耦变压器用于互联多个直流电压等级不同的直流系统。提出了多端口直流自耦变压器的潮流直接分析法以及潮流分解分析法,推导了多端口直流自耦变压器中各换流器额定电压与额定功率设计方法,设计了多端口直流自耦变压器的控制策略。以一个三端口直流自耦变压器为测试算例,在PSCAD/EMTDC下仿真验证了多端口直流自耦变压器的技术可行性。以互联±250、±320 k V和±400 k V直流系统为例,假设±250 k V和±320 k V系统的额定输入/输出功率分别为500 MW和1 000 MW,采用常规的多端口直流–直流变换器技术所需要的换流器总容量为3 000 MW,而采用多端口直流自耦变压器技术所需要总的换流器仅为775 MW,所使用的换流器总容量仅为现有技术的26%,显著节省了成本,降低了运行损耗。展开更多
研究了一种基于多端口DC/DC变换器(multi-port DC/DC converters,MPC)的混合储能系统(hybrid energy storage system,HESS),并将其应用于直流微电网。针对脉动负荷功率突变对直流母线电压及蓄电池组正常运行造成剧烈冲击的问题,提出了...研究了一种基于多端口DC/DC变换器(multi-port DC/DC converters,MPC)的混合储能系统(hybrid energy storage system,HESS),并将其应用于直流微电网。针对脉动负荷功率突变对直流母线电压及蓄电池组正常运行造成剧烈冲击的问题,提出了一种基于移动平均滤波算法的自适应能量控制策略(adaptive energy control strategy,AECS)。首先,通过移动平均滤波算法将脉动负荷功率进行滤波,由蓄电池组承担平缓的功率变化,而由超级电容器补偿瞬时的功率突变,从而优化蓄电池充放电过程,延长其使用寿命;其次,引入超级电容端电压自适应控制,将超级电容端电压稳定在参考值附近;并对蓄电池组端口采用能量流均衡控制,使各蓄电池组荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)趋于一致。通过仿真和实验,验证了所提出的能量控制策略的有效性。展开更多
文摘Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the mixture of wastewater discharged from a submerged multiport diffuser in the Nantong sea-area. The process was then simulated with a three-dimensional numerical model. The plane or line patch was used to impose the discharge momentum flux in the near field. A comparison of model simulation with laboratory experiments shows that the proposed model can be used to simulate the shapes of pollution plumes, the distributions of excess concentration, and the velocity induced by a coflowing diffuser in proximity to a shoreline boundary. From the numerical simulation and laboratory experiments, it is recommended that the multiport diffuser be placed in a hydrodynamically active sea-area.
文摘Equivalent two-port measurement equations for reciprocal n-port network are de-rived.As an example,applications of these equations,measurement details and data-processingmethods are discussed for any three-port network.To realize rapid and automatic measure-ments of S-parameters of any reciprocal multiport network,a set of measurement system whichis composed of auto-slotted line and program controlled movable shorts is presented in this paper.Experimental data are given for an H-plane Tee three-port network.
文摘Multiport diffusers are the effective engineering devices installed at the marine outfall systems for the steady discharge of effluent streams from the modern coastal plants, such as municipal sewage treatment, power generation and seawater desalination. A far field mathematical model using a two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation is presented for continuous discharges of effluent streams from multiple outfalls on a uniformly sloping beach with a current parallel to the shoreline. The analytical solutions are illustrated graphically to replicate and capture the merging process of effluent plumes in shallow coastal waters, and then asymptotic approximation will be made to the maximum shoreline’s concentration to formulate effluent discharge plume dilution from a multiport diffuser.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10325523 and 10775048the National Fundamental Research Program of China under Grant No. 2007CB925204the Key Project of Education Department of Hunan Province under Grant No. 08w012
文摘We study entangling and disentangling functions of optical Fourier multiport devices in which input-output relation for the creation and annihilation operators is given by a finite Fourier transform. It is shown that these Fourier multiport devices can act as entanglement converters which can not only create entanglement from an unentangled state at the input but also destroy entanglement in an entangled state at the input. Creation and destruction of two-mode and three-mode entangled coherent states （ECSs） are investigated in detail. The creation and destruction of Bell-type two-mode ECS, GHZ-type and W-type three-mode ECSs are indicated explicitly through using Fourier four-port and six-port devices, respectively.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)through a Discovery Grant under Grant RGPIN-2024-06870.
文摘The multiport interferometric technology holds significant promise as a versatile transceiver solution for next-generation wireless systems.Considerable progress has been made in exploring and developing this technology for RF front-end circuits and systems,including transmitters,receivers,and fully integrated transceivers.Its architecture distinguishes itself through several key advantages,namely,low power requirements for local oscillator(LO),cost-effectiveness,structural simplicity,wideband operation,and appreciable suitability for millimeter-wave(mmW)and terahertz(THz)applications.A particularly compelling feature of this technology is its inherent linear interference-based operation,which allows for a unified circuit topology to be used interchangeably as both a transmitter and a receiver.This versatility makes it an attractive candidate for addressing the growing demand for multifunctional wireless system design.This review article presents a comprehensive overview of the ongoing evolution of multiport interferometric technology.Various architectures are holistically examined through practical examples,with an emphasis on technical attributes,design innovations,and application scenarios.Recent advancements are highlighted,showcasing key research milestones and achievements in the field.The article also outlines future research directions and developmental prospects in the context of emerging wireless applications.As wireless systems increasingly require integrated capabilities—combining communication,sensing,and imaging—the adoption of multiport interferometric technology is poised to play a pivotal role in enabling this convergence.Its continued advancement is expected to drive innovation across a broad spectrum of next-generation wireless platforms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51677023).
文摘To evaluate the impact of the randomness and correlation of photovoltaic(PV)and load on AC/DC systems with a multiport current flow controller(M-CFC),this paper proposes a probabilistic optimal power flow calculation for AC/DC systems,based on a nonparametric kernel density estimation.First,according to the M-CFC model,the DC power flow calculation method with M-CFC was inferred,and its influence on line loss was analyzed.Second,a nonparametric kernel density estimation with an adaptive bandwidth is used to accurately describe the probability distribution of the PV and load,and correlation samples of the PV and load are obtained by the mixed copula function.Then an optimization model that considers system loss and static security is established,and a fast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm based on the elite strategy(NSGA-II)is used to calculate the multi-objective probability optimal power flow of the AC/DC system.Finally,a case study is performed on a modified IEEE39 bus system using measured PV and load data.We verified that the nonparametric kernel density estimation with an adaptive bandwidth can better adapt to random component uncertainty,and M-CFC can improve the static security of the system.
文摘BACKGROUND Median sternotomy has been considered the gold standard approach for anterior mediastinal tumor resection.However,recent advances in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with carbon dioxide insufflation have allowed minimally invasive approaches even for large and locally invasive tumors of the upper-anterior mediastinum.The subxiphoid robotic optical approach is a recently developed technique for accessing the mediastinum.The trans-subxiphoid technique offers excellent exposure of the surgical field,reduces postoperative pain,facilitates specimen retrieval even for large tumors,and potentially improves early surgical outcomes.AIM To evaluate the safety,feasibility,and outcomes of a robotic subxiphoid approach for the resecting of large/invasive mediastinal tumors.METHODS Between July 2024 and September 2025,12 patients underwent subxiphoid robotic mediastinal resection.The diameter of the operated lesions ranged from 30 mm to 70 mm.A 3 cm subxiphoid incision was made at the subxiphoid level for GelPort placement,allowing for optical port access.Two operating ports were placed at the sixth intercostal space bilaterally.Carbon dioxide insufflations(8-10 mmHg)enlarged the surgical field,improving visualization of critical anatomical landmarks,such as the internal mammary arteries and phrenic nerves.This approach allowed complete resection of large or invasive tumors,preserving thoracic stability and reducing the risk of postoperative myasthenic crisis.RESULTS The mean operating time was 170.2 minutes,and the median hospital stay was 3.5 days.No major postoperative complications occurred.Two conversions were necessary:One with a lateral robotic approach due to previous abdominal surgery,and one with a sternotomy for tumor invasion of the aortic arch.Histopathological analysis identified nine thymomas and one solitary fibrous tumor.CONCLUSION Subxiphoid robotic approach is a safe,effective technique for extended thymectomy,fulfilling both oncological and myasthenia gravis surgical objectives.
文摘该文提出了一种多端口直流–直流自耦变压器的拓扑,该多端口直流自耦变压器用于互联多个直流电压等级不同的直流系统。提出了多端口直流自耦变压器的潮流直接分析法以及潮流分解分析法,推导了多端口直流自耦变压器中各换流器额定电压与额定功率设计方法,设计了多端口直流自耦变压器的控制策略。以一个三端口直流自耦变压器为测试算例,在PSCAD/EMTDC下仿真验证了多端口直流自耦变压器的技术可行性。以互联±250、±320 k V和±400 k V直流系统为例,假设±250 k V和±320 k V系统的额定输入/输出功率分别为500 MW和1 000 MW,采用常规的多端口直流–直流变换器技术所需要的换流器总容量为3 000 MW,而采用多端口直流自耦变压器技术所需要总的换流器仅为775 MW,所使用的换流器总容量仅为现有技术的26%,显著节省了成本,降低了运行损耗。
文摘研究了一种基于多端口DC/DC变换器(multi-port DC/DC converters,MPC)的混合储能系统(hybrid energy storage system,HESS),并将其应用于直流微电网。针对脉动负荷功率突变对直流母线电压及蓄电池组正常运行造成剧烈冲击的问题,提出了一种基于移动平均滤波算法的自适应能量控制策略(adaptive energy control strategy,AECS)。首先,通过移动平均滤波算法将脉动负荷功率进行滤波,由蓄电池组承担平缓的功率变化,而由超级电容器补偿瞬时的功率突变,从而优化蓄电池充放电过程,延长其使用寿命;其次,引入超级电容端电压自适应控制,将超级电容端电压稳定在参考值附近;并对蓄电池组端口采用能量流均衡控制,使各蓄电池组荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)趋于一致。通过仿真和实验,验证了所提出的能量控制策略的有效性。
