Aim:Lymphaticovenular anastomosis(LVA)is the mainstay of surgical treatment of lymphedema now.Indocyanine green(ICG)lymphography is a method for detecting lymphatic pathways and for the clinical evaluation of patients...Aim:Lymphaticovenular anastomosis(LVA)is the mainstay of surgical treatment of lymphedema now.Indocyanine green(ICG)lymphography is a method for detecting lymphatic pathways and for the clinical evaluation of patients with extremity lymphedema.The essential point of LVA is to find more functional lymphatic vessels.Sometimes,in cases of lymphatic dysfunction,ICG injections into the distal extremities are insufficient.The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of multi-injection of ICG lymphography on LVA.Methods:In this study,we injected ICG into the second web of the hands or the first web of the feet.In the multi-injection group,we injected additional ICG in other sites.We observed the presence or absence of a linear pattern at each injection site with a near-infrared camera.Then,we performed LVA and evaluated the circumference change and the operation time.Results:In the multi-injection group,we injected ICG into the upper limb at an average of 2.2 sites(range:1-3 sites)and the lower limb at an average of 3.2 sites(range:1-5 sites).The circumference change of upper limbs in the control group was-3.95%±1.34%and in the multi-injection group was-6.96%±0.88%(P<0.05).The change in circumference of lower limbs was-5.01%±2.2%in the multi-injection group and-2.33%±1.77%in the control group(P=0.003).The mean surgical duration was significantly shortened in the multi-injection group(P<0.05).Conclusion:By injecting ICG into multiple sites of the affected limbs,we could detect more functional lymphatic vessels during LVA,which was helpful for achieving a successful surgical result.展开更多
The multipoint steam injection string of the horizontal well is a commonly used downhole component for high efficiency steam injection of the thermal recovery horizontal well. A reasonable layout of the valves to ensu...The multipoint steam injection string of the horizontal well is a commonly used downhole component for high efficiency steam injection of the thermal recovery horizontal well. A reasonable layout of the valves to ensure an even steam output of each point is still not well designed. At present, a general design method which is urgently necessary isn＇ t applied by each factory. According to the balance relationship of the momentum, the energy and the mass of the fluid flowing in the string, the pressure distribution equation of the fluid flowing in the multipoint steam injection string is built. On the basis of this equation, the design calculation method of the multipoint steam injection string is come up with. A specific example is given in the paper. Study shows that, with the equation built in this paper, the string can be designed with each axial valve having the same output, so that the technical demand of an even steam injection of the horizontal well section can be met.展开更多
Supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenular anastomosis(LVA)is the most sought-after procedure among lymphedema patients.However,the same enthusiasm is currently not shared among lymphedema surgeons due to the lackluster res...Supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenular anastomosis(LVA)is the most sought-after procedure among lymphedema patients.However,the same enthusiasm is currently not shared among lymphedema surgeons due to the lackluster results of LVA.The common unfavorable experience with this famed procedure is at least partially caused by the difficulty in finding the lymph vessels.We share our time-tested indocyanine green-based lymph vessel mapping technique,which has helped us establish LVA as our procedure for all fluid-predominant lymphedema.展开更多
文摘Aim:Lymphaticovenular anastomosis(LVA)is the mainstay of surgical treatment of lymphedema now.Indocyanine green(ICG)lymphography is a method for detecting lymphatic pathways and for the clinical evaluation of patients with extremity lymphedema.The essential point of LVA is to find more functional lymphatic vessels.Sometimes,in cases of lymphatic dysfunction,ICG injections into the distal extremities are insufficient.The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of multi-injection of ICG lymphography on LVA.Methods:In this study,we injected ICG into the second web of the hands or the first web of the feet.In the multi-injection group,we injected additional ICG in other sites.We observed the presence or absence of a linear pattern at each injection site with a near-infrared camera.Then,we performed LVA and evaluated the circumference change and the operation time.Results:In the multi-injection group,we injected ICG into the upper limb at an average of 2.2 sites(range:1-3 sites)and the lower limb at an average of 3.2 sites(range:1-5 sites).The circumference change of upper limbs in the control group was-3.95%±1.34%and in the multi-injection group was-6.96%±0.88%(P<0.05).The change in circumference of lower limbs was-5.01%±2.2%in the multi-injection group and-2.33%±1.77%in the control group(P=0.003).The mean surgical duration was significantly shortened in the multi-injection group(P<0.05).Conclusion:By injecting ICG into multiple sites of the affected limbs,we could detect more functional lymphatic vessels during LVA,which was helpful for achieving a successful surgical result.
文摘The multipoint steam injection string of the horizontal well is a commonly used downhole component for high efficiency steam injection of the thermal recovery horizontal well. A reasonable layout of the valves to ensure an even steam output of each point is still not well designed. At present, a general design method which is urgently necessary isn＇ t applied by each factory. According to the balance relationship of the momentum, the energy and the mass of the fluid flowing in the string, the pressure distribution equation of the fluid flowing in the multipoint steam injection string is built. On the basis of this equation, the design calculation method of the multipoint steam injection string is come up with. A specific example is given in the paper. Study shows that, with the equation built in this paper, the string can be designed with each axial valve having the same output, so that the technical demand of an even steam injection of the horizontal well section can be met.
文摘Supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenular anastomosis(LVA)is the most sought-after procedure among lymphedema patients.However,the same enthusiasm is currently not shared among lymphedema surgeons due to the lackluster results of LVA.The common unfavorable experience with this famed procedure is at least partially caused by the difficulty in finding the lymph vessels.We share our time-tested indocyanine green-based lymph vessel mapping technique,which has helped us establish LVA as our procedure for all fluid-predominant lymphedema.
