Macroamylasemia is a condition of elevated serum amylase levels in which normal serum amylase form a complex with high molecular weight proteins such as immunoglobulins. This is a case report on a patient with macroam...Macroamylasemia is a condition of elevated serum amylase levels in which normal serum amylase form a complex with high molecular weight proteins such as immunoglobulins. This is a case report on a patient with macroamylasemia following acute asthmatic bronchitis. A 5-year-old male with cerebral palsy and developmental retardation was admitted to our hospital because of high fever and severe cough. Treatment of the respiratory symptoms provided symptomatic improvement, but the serum amylase levels became suddenly elevated. Although acute pancreatitis associated with respiratory infection was initially suspected, a predominant salivary isoamylase, normal serum lipase level, low urine amylase level, and low amylase-creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) (0.58%) indicated macroamylasemia. The serum amylase level decreased, and the ACCR increased within normal range 2 weeks after discharge. Both of these indicators have been within normal range over the past year. Transient macroamylasemia can be misdiagnosed as acute pancreatitis, especially in a severely multiple-handicapped child who is unable to complain. The ACCR is useful in the diagnosis of macroamylasemia.展开更多
Objective:To observe the efficacy of LIU’s infantile Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)combined with Bi Yan Gao in treating allergic rhinitis(AR)in kids and the impact on serum inflammatory factors.Methods:A total of...Objective:To observe the efficacy of LIU’s infantile Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)combined with Bi Yan Gao in treating allergic rhinitis(AR)in kids and the impact on serum inflammatory factors.Methods:A total of 120 kids with AR were recruited and divided into a Tuina group,a Bi Yan Gao group,and a combined group using the random number table method,with 40 cases in each group.The three groups all received oral desloratadine syrup as the basic intervention.In addition,the Tuina group was treated with LIU’s infantile Tuina therapy once daily;the BI Yan Gao group received external application of Bi Yan Gao,once every morning and night;the combined group was intervened by LIU’s infantile Tuina plus Bi Yan Gao external application.The intervention lasted for 8 weeks.Before and after the intervention,the total nasal symptom score(TNSS)was compared,and the serum levels of interleukin(IL)-4,IL-6,IL-8,and immunoglobulin E(IgE)were detected.The total effective rate was also compared among the three groups.Results:After 8 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate was 87.2%in the combined group,60.5%in the Tuina group,and 57.5%in the Bi Yan Gao group,showing significant between-group differences(P<0.05).The contents of serum IL-6,IL-8,and IgE were lower in the combined group compared to the Tuina and Bi Yan Gao groups,presenting statistical significance(P<0.05).The level of IL-4 was statistically parallel across the three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The combined use of LIU’s infantile Tuina and Bi Yan Gao can improve nasal symptoms and lower the levels of serum inflammatory factors and IgE in kids with AR,producing a higher total effective rate compared to the separate use of the two approaches.展开更多
The airflow mechanics in adult nasal airways,whether healthy or abnormal,are extensively studied and investigated,but the flow mechanics in child nasal airways remain underexplored.This study investigates the airflow ...The airflow mechanics in adult nasal airways,whether healthy or abnormal,are extensively studied and investigated,but the flow mechanics in child nasal airways remain underexplored.This study investigates the airflow mechanics in the child’s nasal upper airway with adenoid hypertrophy,with an adenoid nasopharyngeal ratio(AN of 0.9),under cyclic inhalation and exhalation.An inlet respiratory cycle with three different flow rates(3.2 L/min calm breathing,8.6 L/min normal breathing,and 19.3 L/min intensive breathing)was simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics approach.To better capture the interaction between airflow and the flexible airway tissue,fluid-structure interaction analysis was performed at the normal breathing rate.Comparing the airflow dynamics during inhalation and exhalation,the pressure drops,nasal resistance,and wall shear stress show significant differences in the nasopharyngeal region for all different flow rates.This observation suggests that the inertial effect associated with the transient flow is important during exhalation and inhalation.Furthermore,the considerable temporal variation in flow rate distribution across a specific cross-section of the nasal airway highlights the critical role of transient data in virtual surgery planning and data for clinical decisions.展开更多
Antidepressants are the main drugs used to treat depression,but they have not been shown to be effective in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.However,many adolescent depression treatment guidelines stil...Antidepressants are the main drugs used to treat depression,but they have not been shown to be effective in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.However,many adolescent depression treatment guidelines still recommend the use of antidepressants,especially specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors.Previous studies have suggested that antidepressants have little therapeutic effect but many side effects,such as switching to mania,suicide,and non-suicidal self injury(NSSI),in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.In the process of developing guidelines,drug recommendations should not only focus on impro-ving symptoms,but they should also consider potential side effects.This review discusses the serious side effects of antidepressants,including switching to mania,suicide,and NSSI.展开更多
BACKGROUND China has recently encountered severe challenges associated with population aging.Parents of first-generation only children face significant challenges regarding elderly care needs and the associated negati...BACKGROUND China has recently encountered severe challenges associated with population aging.Parents of first-generation only children face significant challenges regarding elderly care needs and the associated negative emotions.AIM To analyze the elderly care needs of first-generation only child parents in China and identify factors that influence negative emotions.METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design.Convenience sampling was used to select 1580 elderly individuals who met the inclusion criteria in a Chinese city between June and September 2022.A questionnaire was administered to collect general information about participants.Depression and anxiety were assessed using the patient health questionnaire-9 and generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale,respectively.A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relevant correlations.RESULTS Among 1580 first-generation only child parents,1120(70.89%)preferred family based care,324(20.51%)opted for community care,and 136(8.61%)chose institutional care,with 460(29.11%)reporting negative emotions.Significant differences in the distribution of negative emotions among only child parents were observed based on age,marital status,living conditions,disability,type of chronic disease,frailty status,and family support(P<0.05).The regression analysis indicated that disability,type of chronic disease,living environment,frailty status,and level of family support were independent risk factors for negative emotions among parents with only children(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Elderly care for parents of only children is primarily family-based.Independent risk factors for negative emotions in this group include disability,chronic disease type,and living environment.展开更多
Objective To investigate the growth parameters of children with phenylketonuria and assess the impact of a phenylalanine-restricted diet on their physical development.Methods The study involved 39 children diagnosed w...Objective To investigate the growth parameters of children with phenylketonuria and assess the impact of a phenylalanine-restricted diet on their physical development.Methods The study involved 39 children diagnosed with phenylketonuria through newborn screening at the Central Child Teaching Hospital,Baghdad,Iraq.Data were collected during scheduled monthly check-ups,including phenylalanine levels,diet compliance,and anthropometric measurements.The children were divided into two groups based on their phenylalanine levels during the 3-year follow up period:well-controlled group(average phenylalanine level of less than 360μmol/L,with no single reading exceeding 600μmol/L;n=14)and poorly-controlled group(one or more phenylalanine readings above 600μmol/L during the follow-up period;n=25).Results The mean height readings for all time points(at birth and 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24 and 36 months of age)were higher in the well-controlled group than the poorly-controlled group,however,only at 3 months of age the difference was statistically significant.Height Z-scores revealed a clearer pattern:although the poorly controlled group had higher height Z-scores at birth(P=0.001),the well-controlled group showed significantly higher height Z-scores at 3,6,12,15,18,24,and 36 months(P<0.05).The well-controlled group exhibited significantly higher mean weight measurements compared to the poorly-controlled group at 3,6,9,15,18 months and 21 months(P<0.05).From 6 to 36 months,the well-controlled group consistently had significantly higher weight Z-scores than the poorly controlled group(P<0.05).The well-controlled group showed more favorable height and weight Z-score distributions at 36 months of age compared to the poorly-controlled group,but the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Both groups had height and weight Z-scores within the normal range at 36 months of age.Conclusions The children with phenylketonuria who receive good dietary control show better improvements in growth parameters compared to those with poor dietary control,however,both groups maintain height and weight Z-scores within the normal range,indicating generally adequate physical development across the cohort.展开更多
BACKGROUND Epidemiological surveys indicate an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among children and adolescents worldwide.Due to rapid disease progression,severe long-term cardiorenal complications...BACKGROUND Epidemiological surveys indicate an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among children and adolescents worldwide.Due to rapid disease progression,severe long-term cardiorenal complications,a lack of effective treatment strategies,and substantial socioeconomic burdens,it has become an urgent public health issue that requires management and resolution.Adolescent T2DM differs from adult T2DM.Despite a significant increase in our understanding of youth-onset T2DM over the past two decades,the related review and evidence-based content remain limited.AIM To visualize the hotspots and trends in pediatric and adolescent T2DM research and to forecast their future research themes.METHODS This study utilized the terms“children”,“adolescents”,and“type 2 diabetes”,retrieving relevant articles published between 1983 and 2023 from three citation databases within the Web of Science Core Collection(SCI,SSCI,ESCI).Utilizing CiteSpace and VoSviewer software,we analyze and visually represent the annual output of literature,countries involved,and participating institutions.This allows us to predict trends in this research field.Our analysis encompasses co-cited authors,journal overlays,citation overlays,time-zone views,keyword analysis,and reference analysis,etc.RESULTS A total of 9210 articles were included,and the annual publication volume in this field showed a steady growth trend.The United States had the highest number of publications and the highest H-index.The United States also had the most research institutions and the strongest research capacity.The global hot journals were primarily diabetes professional journals but also included journals related to nutrition,endocrinology,and metabolism.Keyword analysis showed that research related to endothelial dysfunction,exposure risk,cardiac metabolic risk,changes in gut microbiota,the impact on comorbidities and outcomes,etc.,were emerging keywords.They have maintained their popularity in this field,suggesting that these areas have garnered significant research interest in recent years.CONCLUSION Pediatric and adolescent T2DM is increasingly drawing global attention,with genes,behaviors,environmental factors,and multisystemic interventions potentially emerging as future research hot spots.展开更多
Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial obstruction of the upper airways (hypopnea) and/or intermittent compl...Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial obstruction of the upper airways (hypopnea) and/or intermittent complete obstruction (apnea). Our aim is to study the role of adeno-tonsillectomy in the management of OSAHS in children. Methodology: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted in the ENT-Head and Neck Surgery department of Ignace Deen National Hospital over a six-month period. We included in our study all patients aged 0 to 15 years, presenting with OSAHS of ENT etiology and who had undergone tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. Results: The frequency of OSAHS was 13%. The mean age of our patients was 5.1 ± 3.8 years. There was a predominance of males (69.6%) with a sex ratio of 2.28. Snoring (98.6%), nasal obstruction (97.1%), and mouth breathing (96.6%) were the main reasons for consultation. Adeno-tonsillectomy (45.4%) was the primary surgical intervention. Almost all children (99.0%) had a simple postoperative course. Conclusion: OSAHS is a condition with a multifactorial etiology. Adeno-tonsillectomy remains the first-line surgical treatment to prevent severe complications and relieve the patient. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential in the management of OSAHS.展开更多
Domestic accidents (DA) are common in children and responsible for high morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Objective: This work aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of AD in children aged 0 to 15...Domestic accidents (DA) are common in children and responsible for high morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Objective: This work aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of AD in children aged 0 to 15 years in Libreville. Materials and Methods: All children aged 0 to 15 years who were victims of unintentional trauma occurring at home or in its immediate surroundings were included. We studied the mother’s age, family situation, socioeconomic level, type of housing, age and sex of the child, characteristics of AD and their management. Results: The majority of mothers lived in an intermediate dwelling (80.6%). They were married (37.1%), middle managers (58.2%) and of average socioeconomic level (60.5%). The average age of the mothers was 39.9 ± 11.4 years. Families with more than three children were most exposed (39.2%) to the occurrence of AD. The average age of the children was 6.5 ± 3.3 years with a male predominance. The sex ratio was 1.8. The most common ADs were falls (34.7%), followed by cuts (22.3%) and burns (17.7%). Wounds (54.4%), followed by burns (33%) and fractures (5.1%) were the main types of injuries. The upper limbs were the most affected body part (33.9%) followed by the lower limbs (30.1%) and the head (27.3%). The yard was the preferred location for ADs to occur (51.1%), and particularly during the holiday period (48.4%). The risk factors related to the occurrence of AD were age, socioeconomic level, number of children and type of housing. Care was provided at home in 51.9% of cases. Conclusion: The occurrence of AD in children is not negligible;hence the need to implement preventive measures to minimize their frequency.展开更多
BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term so...BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term socioeconomic challenges for families and communities.Although its impact on child growth and development is a pressing concern,research remains limited particularly in multicenter settings.AIM To examine the long-term consequences of unintended pregnancy on the critical years of early childhood growth and development.METHODS This analytical observational study employed a case-control design and was conducted in research centers across Indonesia,encompassing those located in Central Java,Lampung,Bali,and West Nusa Tenggara.A total of 700 children aged≤5 years with histories of intended or unintended pregnancies participated.Data collection involved structured interviews and direct anthropometric and developmental assessments.Data analyses were conducted using multivariate statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling.RESULTS Unintended pregnancy was found to have a statistically significant effect on both child growth(t=8.178;P<0.001)and child development(t=25.688;P<0.001).Key growth problems identified included underweight,undernutrition,abnormal head circumference,and stunting.Developmental challenges prominently associated with unintended pregnancy included behavioral and emotional disorders,autism spectrum disorder,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder,social and motor skill deficits,as well as visual and hearing impairments.CONCLUSION Unintended pregnancy significantly affects child growth and development,underscoring the need for early intervention,quality prenatal care,and strengthened family planning policies.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrative educational intervention-combining hospital-based schooling programs,child-centered communication,and therapeutic play-on clinical,psychosocia...Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrative educational intervention-combining hospital-based schooling programs,child-centered communication,and therapeutic play-on clinical,psychosocial,and educational outcomes among school-aged children with cancer.Materials and Methods:A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test control group design was conducted at the pediatric oncology unit of Rumah Sakit Islam Jemursari,Surabaya,Indonesia.Fifty-two hospitalized children aged 6-18 years were randomly assigned to an intervention group(n=26)or a control group(n=26).The intervention lasted 1 month and integrated hospital-based lessons aligned with the national curriculum,therapeutic play,and developmentally appropriate communication by trained staff.Outcomes included pain intensity(Wong-Baker FACES Scale),treatment adherence,quality of life(Pediatric Cancer Quality of Life-32[PCQL-32]),anxiety(Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale),and literacy-numeracy performance.Data were analyzed using paired t-tests,ANCOVA,and Cohen’s d,with significance set at P<0.05.Results:Compared with controls,the intervention group showed significant improvements in pain reduction(P<0.001),treatment adherence(P<0.001),and quality of life across all PCQL-32 domains(P<0.001).Anxiety levels decreased significantly(P<0.001),and academic performance in literacy and numeracy improved markedly(P<0.001).Conclusion:The integrative educational intervention effectively enhanced clinical recovery,psychosocial well-being,and academic continuity among hospitalized children with cancer,emphasizing the need to integrate hospital-based education and play-based communication into pediatric oncology care.展开更多
Objective:Many children with fully corrected congenital heart disease(CHD)avoid physicalactivity(PA).This descriptive study sought to determine child and parental factors that could predict PAlevels in Thai dhildren a...Objective:Many children with fully corrected congenital heart disease(CHD)avoid physicalactivity(PA).This descriptive study sought to determine child and parental factors that could predict PAlevels in Thai dhildren after corrective surgery.Methods:Ninety schoolaged children with fully correctedCHD were recruited from a cardiology clinic at a university hospital in northern Thailand.Data collectioninvolved five validated questionnaires:(1)the Modified Thai Adolescent's Fhysical Activity Questionnaire,(2)the Child Health Status Questionnaire-Forms I and II1,(3)the Parental Knowledge on School-agedChildrer's PhysicalActivity Scale,(4)the Perceived Self-efficacy to Physical Activity Questionnaire,and(5)the Parntal Bonding Instrument.The analysis included descriptive statistics and stepwise multipleregression.Results:Results showed that the physical activity(PA.)levels,assessed through total energyexpenditure,of child ran with CHD were below the recommended levels after treatment(t=-8.33,p<0.001).There were sigrificant correlations between PA and factors such as a child's perceived health status,PAself-efficacy,and parentaloverprotection(r=0.39,p<0.050;r=0.46,p<0.050;r=0.25,p<0.050,respectively).After adjustment for demographic data and CHD type,these factors had no association with a child's PA.Only two factors predicted childhood PA—the child's perceived health status and PA self-efficacy whichcould explain27.3%of the variance of PA.(p<0.001).Conclusion:The study highlights the necessity forinterventions to enhance childrer's perception of their health status and PA self-efficacy to increase theirphysical activity levels.展开更多
Background:Undernutrition poses a major threat for the growth and development of children in remote island regions of Bangladesh.Methods:This study investigated the prevalence and risk predictors of undernutrition amo...Background:Undernutrition poses a major threat for the growth and development of children in remote island regions of Bangladesh.Methods:This study investigated the prevalence and risk predictors of undernutrition among children under five in the island regions of Bangladesh.A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 13 unions across two islands,with a random sample of 549 children.Results:Descriptive analyses showed that underweight(Z‐score<−2),wasting(Z‐score<−2),and stunting(Z‐score<−2)were prevalent,with rates of 36.80%,24.60%,and 47.20%,respectively.Significant predictors of underweight included a history of diarrhea(AOR=2.24,p<0.001),acute respiratory infection(ARI)(AOR=1.84,p<0.01),anemic caregivers(AOR=1.52,p<0.05),and belonging to day labor families(AOR=0.29,p<0.01).Childhood wasting was significantly associated with partial vaccination(AOR=2.84,p<0.001),large family size(AOR=1.79,p<0.05),higher birth order(AOR=0.58,p<0.05),diarrhea(AOR=3.09,p<0.001),anemic mothers(AOR=1.89,p<0.05),primary(AOR=3.35,p<0.05)and secondary(AOR=4.11,p<0.01)maternal education,and fathers working abroad(AOR=0.42,p<0.05)or as daily laborers(AOR=0.17,p<0.001).Stunting was more common among children with partial vaccination,diarrhea,and ARI,and less common among those with a history of fever or those from day laborer families.Conclusion:Overall,undernutrition among children in the island areas of Bangladesh is influenced by multiple factors,necessitating a multisectoral approach to improve their nutritional status.展开更多
文摘Macroamylasemia is a condition of elevated serum amylase levels in which normal serum amylase form a complex with high molecular weight proteins such as immunoglobulins. This is a case report on a patient with macroamylasemia following acute asthmatic bronchitis. A 5-year-old male with cerebral palsy and developmental retardation was admitted to our hospital because of high fever and severe cough. Treatment of the respiratory symptoms provided symptomatic improvement, but the serum amylase levels became suddenly elevated. Although acute pancreatitis associated with respiratory infection was initially suspected, a predominant salivary isoamylase, normal serum lipase level, low urine amylase level, and low amylase-creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) (0.58%) indicated macroamylasemia. The serum amylase level decreased, and the ACCR increased within normal range 2 weeks after discharge. Both of these indicators have been within normal range over the past year. Transient macroamylasemia can be misdiagnosed as acute pancreatitis, especially in a severely multiple-handicapped child who is unable to complain. The ACCR is useful in the diagnosis of macroamylasemia.
基金supported by the Foshan City’s Selffunded Science and Technology Innovation Project in 2022(2022年佛山市自筹经费类科技创新项目,No.2220001005034).
文摘Objective:To observe the efficacy of LIU’s infantile Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)combined with Bi Yan Gao in treating allergic rhinitis(AR)in kids and the impact on serum inflammatory factors.Methods:A total of 120 kids with AR were recruited and divided into a Tuina group,a Bi Yan Gao group,and a combined group using the random number table method,with 40 cases in each group.The three groups all received oral desloratadine syrup as the basic intervention.In addition,the Tuina group was treated with LIU’s infantile Tuina therapy once daily;the BI Yan Gao group received external application of Bi Yan Gao,once every morning and night;the combined group was intervened by LIU’s infantile Tuina plus Bi Yan Gao external application.The intervention lasted for 8 weeks.Before and after the intervention,the total nasal symptom score(TNSS)was compared,and the serum levels of interleukin(IL)-4,IL-6,IL-8,and immunoglobulin E(IgE)were detected.The total effective rate was also compared among the three groups.Results:After 8 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate was 87.2%in the combined group,60.5%in the Tuina group,and 57.5%in the Bi Yan Gao group,showing significant between-group differences(P<0.05).The contents of serum IL-6,IL-8,and IgE were lower in the combined group compared to the Tuina and Bi Yan Gao groups,presenting statistical significance(P<0.05).The level of IL-4 was statistically parallel across the three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The combined use of LIU’s infantile Tuina and Bi Yan Gao can improve nasal symptoms and lower the levels of serum inflammatory factors and IgE in kids with AR,producing a higher total effective rate compared to the separate use of the two approaches.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0707601).
文摘The airflow mechanics in adult nasal airways,whether healthy or abnormal,are extensively studied and investigated,but the flow mechanics in child nasal airways remain underexplored.This study investigates the airflow mechanics in the child’s nasal upper airway with adenoid hypertrophy,with an adenoid nasopharyngeal ratio(AN of 0.9),under cyclic inhalation and exhalation.An inlet respiratory cycle with three different flow rates(3.2 L/min calm breathing,8.6 L/min normal breathing,and 19.3 L/min intensive breathing)was simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics approach.To better capture the interaction between airflow and the flexible airway tissue,fluid-structure interaction analysis was performed at the normal breathing rate.Comparing the airflow dynamics during inhalation and exhalation,the pressure drops,nasal resistance,and wall shear stress show significant differences in the nasopharyngeal region for all different flow rates.This observation suggests that the inertial effect associated with the transient flow is important during exhalation and inhalation.Furthermore,the considerable temporal variation in flow rate distribution across a specific cross-section of the nasal airway highlights the critical role of transient data in virtual surgery planning and data for clinical decisions.
文摘Antidepressants are the main drugs used to treat depression,but they have not been shown to be effective in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.However,many adolescent depression treatment guidelines still recommend the use of antidepressants,especially specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors.Previous studies have suggested that antidepressants have little therapeutic effect but many side effects,such as switching to mania,suicide,and non-suicidal self injury(NSSI),in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.In the process of developing guidelines,drug recommendations should not only focus on impro-ving symptoms,but they should also consider potential side effects.This review discusses the serious side effects of antidepressants,including switching to mania,suicide,and NSSI.
基金Supported by General Projects of Henan Province Universities Humanities and Social Sciences Research in 2023,No.2023-ZDJH-533.
文摘BACKGROUND China has recently encountered severe challenges associated with population aging.Parents of first-generation only children face significant challenges regarding elderly care needs and the associated negative emotions.AIM To analyze the elderly care needs of first-generation only child parents in China and identify factors that influence negative emotions.METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design.Convenience sampling was used to select 1580 elderly individuals who met the inclusion criteria in a Chinese city between June and September 2022.A questionnaire was administered to collect general information about participants.Depression and anxiety were assessed using the patient health questionnaire-9 and generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale,respectively.A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relevant correlations.RESULTS Among 1580 first-generation only child parents,1120(70.89%)preferred family based care,324(20.51%)opted for community care,and 136(8.61%)chose institutional care,with 460(29.11%)reporting negative emotions.Significant differences in the distribution of negative emotions among only child parents were observed based on age,marital status,living conditions,disability,type of chronic disease,frailty status,and family support(P<0.05).The regression analysis indicated that disability,type of chronic disease,living environment,frailty status,and level of family support were independent risk factors for negative emotions among parents with only children(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Elderly care for parents of only children is primarily family-based.Independent risk factors for negative emotions in this group include disability,chronic disease type,and living environment.
文摘Objective To investigate the growth parameters of children with phenylketonuria and assess the impact of a phenylalanine-restricted diet on their physical development.Methods The study involved 39 children diagnosed with phenylketonuria through newborn screening at the Central Child Teaching Hospital,Baghdad,Iraq.Data were collected during scheduled monthly check-ups,including phenylalanine levels,diet compliance,and anthropometric measurements.The children were divided into two groups based on their phenylalanine levels during the 3-year follow up period:well-controlled group(average phenylalanine level of less than 360μmol/L,with no single reading exceeding 600μmol/L;n=14)and poorly-controlled group(one or more phenylalanine readings above 600μmol/L during the follow-up period;n=25).Results The mean height readings for all time points(at birth and 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24 and 36 months of age)were higher in the well-controlled group than the poorly-controlled group,however,only at 3 months of age the difference was statistically significant.Height Z-scores revealed a clearer pattern:although the poorly controlled group had higher height Z-scores at birth(P=0.001),the well-controlled group showed significantly higher height Z-scores at 3,6,12,15,18,24,and 36 months(P<0.05).The well-controlled group exhibited significantly higher mean weight measurements compared to the poorly-controlled group at 3,6,9,15,18 months and 21 months(P<0.05).From 6 to 36 months,the well-controlled group consistently had significantly higher weight Z-scores than the poorly controlled group(P<0.05).The well-controlled group showed more favorable height and weight Z-score distributions at 36 months of age compared to the poorly-controlled group,but the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Both groups had height and weight Z-scores within the normal range at 36 months of age.Conclusions The children with phenylketonuria who receive good dietary control show better improvements in growth parameters compared to those with poor dietary control,however,both groups maintain height and weight Z-scores within the normal range,indicating generally adequate physical development across the cohort.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82105018 and No.81903950.
文摘BACKGROUND Epidemiological surveys indicate an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among children and adolescents worldwide.Due to rapid disease progression,severe long-term cardiorenal complications,a lack of effective treatment strategies,and substantial socioeconomic burdens,it has become an urgent public health issue that requires management and resolution.Adolescent T2DM differs from adult T2DM.Despite a significant increase in our understanding of youth-onset T2DM over the past two decades,the related review and evidence-based content remain limited.AIM To visualize the hotspots and trends in pediatric and adolescent T2DM research and to forecast their future research themes.METHODS This study utilized the terms“children”,“adolescents”,and“type 2 diabetes”,retrieving relevant articles published between 1983 and 2023 from three citation databases within the Web of Science Core Collection(SCI,SSCI,ESCI).Utilizing CiteSpace and VoSviewer software,we analyze and visually represent the annual output of literature,countries involved,and participating institutions.This allows us to predict trends in this research field.Our analysis encompasses co-cited authors,journal overlays,citation overlays,time-zone views,keyword analysis,and reference analysis,etc.RESULTS A total of 9210 articles were included,and the annual publication volume in this field showed a steady growth trend.The United States had the highest number of publications and the highest H-index.The United States also had the most research institutions and the strongest research capacity.The global hot journals were primarily diabetes professional journals but also included journals related to nutrition,endocrinology,and metabolism.Keyword analysis showed that research related to endothelial dysfunction,exposure risk,cardiac metabolic risk,changes in gut microbiota,the impact on comorbidities and outcomes,etc.,were emerging keywords.They have maintained their popularity in this field,suggesting that these areas have garnered significant research interest in recent years.CONCLUSION Pediatric and adolescent T2DM is increasingly drawing global attention,with genes,behaviors,environmental factors,and multisystemic interventions potentially emerging as future research hot spots.
文摘Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial obstruction of the upper airways (hypopnea) and/or intermittent complete obstruction (apnea). Our aim is to study the role of adeno-tonsillectomy in the management of OSAHS in children. Methodology: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted in the ENT-Head and Neck Surgery department of Ignace Deen National Hospital over a six-month period. We included in our study all patients aged 0 to 15 years, presenting with OSAHS of ENT etiology and who had undergone tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. Results: The frequency of OSAHS was 13%. The mean age of our patients was 5.1 ± 3.8 years. There was a predominance of males (69.6%) with a sex ratio of 2.28. Snoring (98.6%), nasal obstruction (97.1%), and mouth breathing (96.6%) were the main reasons for consultation. Adeno-tonsillectomy (45.4%) was the primary surgical intervention. Almost all children (99.0%) had a simple postoperative course. Conclusion: OSAHS is a condition with a multifactorial etiology. Adeno-tonsillectomy remains the first-line surgical treatment to prevent severe complications and relieve the patient. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential in the management of OSAHS.
文摘Domestic accidents (DA) are common in children and responsible for high morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Objective: This work aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of AD in children aged 0 to 15 years in Libreville. Materials and Methods: All children aged 0 to 15 years who were victims of unintentional trauma occurring at home or in its immediate surroundings were included. We studied the mother’s age, family situation, socioeconomic level, type of housing, age and sex of the child, characteristics of AD and their management. Results: The majority of mothers lived in an intermediate dwelling (80.6%). They were married (37.1%), middle managers (58.2%) and of average socioeconomic level (60.5%). The average age of the mothers was 39.9 ± 11.4 years. Families with more than three children were most exposed (39.2%) to the occurrence of AD. The average age of the children was 6.5 ± 3.3 years with a male predominance. The sex ratio was 1.8. The most common ADs were falls (34.7%), followed by cuts (22.3%) and burns (17.7%). Wounds (54.4%), followed by burns (33%) and fractures (5.1%) were the main types of injuries. The upper limbs were the most affected body part (33.9%) followed by the lower limbs (30.1%) and the head (27.3%). The yard was the preferred location for ADs to occur (51.1%), and particularly during the holiday period (48.4%). The risk factors related to the occurrence of AD were age, socioeconomic level, number of children and type of housing. Care was provided at home in 51.9% of cases. Conclusion: The occurrence of AD in children is not negligible;hence the need to implement preventive measures to minimize their frequency.
文摘BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term socioeconomic challenges for families and communities.Although its impact on child growth and development is a pressing concern,research remains limited particularly in multicenter settings.AIM To examine the long-term consequences of unintended pregnancy on the critical years of early childhood growth and development.METHODS This analytical observational study employed a case-control design and was conducted in research centers across Indonesia,encompassing those located in Central Java,Lampung,Bali,and West Nusa Tenggara.A total of 700 children aged≤5 years with histories of intended or unintended pregnancies participated.Data collection involved structured interviews and direct anthropometric and developmental assessments.Data analyses were conducted using multivariate statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling.RESULTS Unintended pregnancy was found to have a statistically significant effect on both child growth(t=8.178;P<0.001)and child development(t=25.688;P<0.001).Key growth problems identified included underweight,undernutrition,abnormal head circumference,and stunting.Developmental challenges prominently associated with unintended pregnancy included behavioral and emotional disorders,autism spectrum disorder,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder,social and motor skill deficits,as well as visual and hearing impairments.CONCLUSION Unintended pregnancy significantly affects child growth and development,underscoring the need for early intervention,quality prenatal care,and strengthened family planning policies.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrative educational intervention-combining hospital-based schooling programs,child-centered communication,and therapeutic play-on clinical,psychosocial,and educational outcomes among school-aged children with cancer.Materials and Methods:A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test control group design was conducted at the pediatric oncology unit of Rumah Sakit Islam Jemursari,Surabaya,Indonesia.Fifty-two hospitalized children aged 6-18 years were randomly assigned to an intervention group(n=26)or a control group(n=26).The intervention lasted 1 month and integrated hospital-based lessons aligned with the national curriculum,therapeutic play,and developmentally appropriate communication by trained staff.Outcomes included pain intensity(Wong-Baker FACES Scale),treatment adherence,quality of life(Pediatric Cancer Quality of Life-32[PCQL-32]),anxiety(Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale),and literacy-numeracy performance.Data were analyzed using paired t-tests,ANCOVA,and Cohen’s d,with significance set at P<0.05.Results:Compared with controls,the intervention group showed significant improvements in pain reduction(P<0.001),treatment adherence(P<0.001),and quality of life across all PCQL-32 domains(P<0.001).Anxiety levels decreased significantly(P<0.001),and academic performance in literacy and numeracy improved markedly(P<0.001).Conclusion:The integrative educational intervention effectively enhanced clinical recovery,psychosocial well-being,and academic continuity among hospitalized children with cancer,emphasizing the need to integrate hospital-based education and play-based communication into pediatric oncology care.
基金the Chiang Mai University Junior ResearchFellowship Program.
文摘Objective:Many children with fully corrected congenital heart disease(CHD)avoid physicalactivity(PA).This descriptive study sought to determine child and parental factors that could predict PAlevels in Thai dhildren after corrective surgery.Methods:Ninety schoolaged children with fully correctedCHD were recruited from a cardiology clinic at a university hospital in northern Thailand.Data collectioninvolved five validated questionnaires:(1)the Modified Thai Adolescent's Fhysical Activity Questionnaire,(2)the Child Health Status Questionnaire-Forms I and II1,(3)the Parental Knowledge on School-agedChildrer's PhysicalActivity Scale,(4)the Perceived Self-efficacy to Physical Activity Questionnaire,and(5)the Parntal Bonding Instrument.The analysis included descriptive statistics and stepwise multipleregression.Results:Results showed that the physical activity(PA.)levels,assessed through total energyexpenditure,of child ran with CHD were below the recommended levels after treatment(t=-8.33,p<0.001).There were sigrificant correlations between PA and factors such as a child's perceived health status,PAself-efficacy,and parentaloverprotection(r=0.39,p<0.050;r=0.46,p<0.050;r=0.25,p<0.050,respectively).After adjustment for demographic data and CHD type,these factors had no association with a child's PA.Only two factors predicted childhood PA—the child's perceived health status and PA self-efficacy whichcould explain27.3%of the variance of PA.(p<0.001).Conclusion:The study highlights the necessity forinterventions to enhance childrer's perception of their health status and PA self-efficacy to increase theirphysical activity levels.
文摘Background:Undernutrition poses a major threat for the growth and development of children in remote island regions of Bangladesh.Methods:This study investigated the prevalence and risk predictors of undernutrition among children under five in the island regions of Bangladesh.A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 13 unions across two islands,with a random sample of 549 children.Results:Descriptive analyses showed that underweight(Z‐score<−2),wasting(Z‐score<−2),and stunting(Z‐score<−2)were prevalent,with rates of 36.80%,24.60%,and 47.20%,respectively.Significant predictors of underweight included a history of diarrhea(AOR=2.24,p<0.001),acute respiratory infection(ARI)(AOR=1.84,p<0.01),anemic caregivers(AOR=1.52,p<0.05),and belonging to day labor families(AOR=0.29,p<0.01).Childhood wasting was significantly associated with partial vaccination(AOR=2.84,p<0.001),large family size(AOR=1.79,p<0.05),higher birth order(AOR=0.58,p<0.05),diarrhea(AOR=3.09,p<0.001),anemic mothers(AOR=1.89,p<0.05),primary(AOR=3.35,p<0.05)and secondary(AOR=4.11,p<0.01)maternal education,and fathers working abroad(AOR=0.42,p<0.05)or as daily laborers(AOR=0.17,p<0.001).Stunting was more common among children with partial vaccination,diarrhea,and ARI,and less common among those with a history of fever or those from day laborer families.Conclusion:Overall,undernutrition among children in the island areas of Bangladesh is influenced by multiple factors,necessitating a multisectoral approach to improve their nutritional status.
