Aiming at searching for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), a bacterium strain coded as 7016 was isolated from soybean rhizosphere and was characterized in the present study. It was identiifed as Burkholderia...Aiming at searching for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), a bacterium strain coded as 7016 was isolated from soybean rhizosphere and was characterized in the present study. It was identiifed as Burkholderia sp. based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, as wel as phenotypic and biochemical characterizations. This bacterium presented nitrogenase activity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity and phosphate solubilizing ability;inhibited the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Gibberel a zeae and Verticil ium dahliae;and produced smal quantities of indole acetic acid (IAA). In green house experiments, signiifcant increases in shoot height and weight, root length and weight, and stem diameter were observed on tomato plants in 30 d after inoculation with strain 7016. Result of 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE showed that 7016 survived in the rhizosphere of tomato seedlings. In the ifeld experiments, Burkholderia sp. 7016 enhanced the tomato yield and signiifcantly promoted activities of soil urease, phosphatase, sucrase, and catalase. Al these results demonstrated Burkholderia sp. 7016 as a valuable PGPR and a candidate of biofertilizer.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the feasibility of reducing the dose of iodinated contrast agent in computed tomography pulmonary angiography(CTPA). METHODS One hundred and twenty-seven patients clinically suspected of having pulmona...AIM To evaluate the feasibility of reducing the dose of iodinated contrast agent in computed tomography pulmonary angiography(CTPA). METHODS One hundred and twenty-seven patients clinically suspected of having pulmonary embolism underwent spiral CTPA, out of whom fifty-seven received 75 mL and the remaining seventy a lower dose of 60 mL of contrast agent. Both doses were administered in a multiphasic injection. A minimum opacification threshold of 250 Hounsfield units(HU) in the main pulmonary artery is used for assessing the technical adequacy of the scans. RESULTS Mean opacification was found to be positively correlated to patient age(Pearson's correlation 0.4255, P < 0.0001) and independent of gender(male:female, 425.6 vs 450.4,P = 0.34). When age is accounted for, the study and control groups did not differ significantly in their mean opacification in the main(436.8 vs 437.9, P = 0.48),left(416.6 vs 419.8, P = 0.45) or the right pulmonary arteries(417.3 vs 423.5, P = 0.40). The number of sub-optimally opacified scans(the mean opacification in the main pulmonary artery < 250 HU) did not differ significantly between the study and control groups(7 vs 10).CONCLUSION A lower dose of iodine contrast at 60 mL can be feasibly used in CTPA without resulting in a higher number of sub-optimally opacified scans.展开更多
Fe-based compounds with good environmental friendliness and high reversible capacity have attracted considerable attention as anode for lithium-ion batteries.But,similar to other transition metal oxides(TMOs),it is al...Fe-based compounds with good environmental friendliness and high reversible capacity have attracted considerable attention as anode for lithium-ion batteries.But,similar to other transition metal oxides(TMOs),it is also affected by large volume changes and inferior kinetics during redox reactions,resulting in the destruction of the crystal structure and poor electrochemical performance.Here,Fe_(3)O_(4)/C nanospheres anchored on the two-dimensional graphene oxide as precursors are phosphated and sintered to build the multiphasic nanocomposite.XRD results confirmed the multiphasic nanocomposite composed of Fe2O3,Fe_(3)O_(4) and Fe_(3)PO_(7),which will facilitate the Li+diffusion.And the carbonaceous matrix will buffer the volume changes and enhance electron conduction.Consequently,the multiphasic Febased anode delivers a large specific capacity of 1086 mAh/g with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 87%at 0.1 C.It also has excellent cycling stability and rate property,maintaining a capacity retention of~87%after 300 cycles and a high reversible capacity of 632 mAh/g at 10 C.The proposed multiphasic structure offers a new insight into improving the electrochemical properties of TMO-based anodes for advanced alkali-ion batteries.展开更多
Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）and functional MRI to study depression have primarily focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy（1H-MRS）appearance in various areas of the brain and vol...Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）and functional MRI to study depression have primarily focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy（1H-MRS）appearance in various areas of the brain and volume measurements in the limbic system.However,results have not been consistent.To the best of our knowledge,very little is known about the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance and depression inventory.In the present study,the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance in depressive patients and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale was analyzed.MRI and 1H-MRS exhibited widened sulci and cisterns,as well as an absence of abnormal signals in depressive patients.In addition,N-acetyl aspartate/total creatine ratios in bilateral hippocampi and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly less in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.In contrast,choline-containing compounds/total creatine ratios in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly greater in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.These ratios significantly and positively correlated with patient total depression scores as assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale（r=0.934 7,0.878 7,P 〈 0.01）.These results suggested that 1H-MRS could be used to reveal a reduced number of neurons in the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,as well as altered membrane phospholipid metabolism in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,in patients with depressive disorder.Abnormal mechanisms partially reflected severity of depressive disorder.展开更多
Osteochondral defects are caused by injury to both the articular cartilage and subchondral bone within skeletal joints. They can lead to irreversible joint damage and increase the risk of progression to osteoarthritis...Osteochondral defects are caused by injury to both the articular cartilage and subchondral bone within skeletal joints. They can lead to irreversible joint damage and increase the risk of progression to osteoarthritis. Current treatments for osteochondral injuries are not curative and only target symptoms, highlighting the need for a tissue engineering solution. Scaffold-based approaches can be used to assist osteochondral tissue regeneration, where biomaterials tailored to the properties of cartilage and bone are used to restore the defect and minimise the risk of further joint degeneration. This review captures original research studies published since 2015, on multiphasic scaffolds used to treat osteochondral defects in animal models. These studies used an extensive range of biomaterials for scaffold fabrication, consisting mainly of natural and synthetic polymers. Different methods were used to create multiphasic scaffold designs, including by integrating or fabricating multiple layers, creating gradients, or through the addition of factors such as minerals, growth factors, and cells. The studies used a variety of animals to model osteochondral defects, where rabbits were the most commonly chosen and the vast majority of studies reported small rather than large animal models. The few available clinical studies reporting cell-free scaffolds have shown promising early-stage results in osteochondral repair, but long-term follow-up is necessary to demonstrate consistency in defect restoration. Overall, preclinical studies of multiphasic scaffolds show favourable results in simultaneously regenerating cartilage and bone in animal models of osteochondral defects, suggesting that biomaterials-based tissue engineering strategies may be a promising solution.展开更多
Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections...Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.展开更多
Multiphasic scaffolds with tailored gradient features hold significant promise for tissue regeneration applications. Herein, this work reports the transformation of two-dimensional (2D) layered fiber mats into three-d...Multiphasic scaffolds with tailored gradient features hold significant promise for tissue regeneration applications. Herein, this work reports the transformation of two-dimensional (2D) layered fiber mats into three-dimensional (3D) multiphasic scaffolds using a ‘solids-of-revolution’ inspired gas-foaming expansion technology. These scaffolds feature precise control over fiber alignment, pore size, and regional structure. Manipulating nanofiber mat layers and Pluronic F127 concentrations allows further customization of pore size and fiber alignment within different scaffold regions. The cellular response to multiphasic scaffolds demonstrates that the number of cells migrated and proliferated onto the scaffolds is mainly dependent on the pore size rather than fiber alignment. In vivo subcutaneous implantation of multiphasic scaffolds to rats reveals substantial cell infiltration, neo tissue formation, collagen deposition, and new vessel formation within scaffolds, greatly surpassing the capabilities of traditional nanofiber mats. Histological examination indicates the importance of optimizing pore size and fiber alignment for the promotion of cell infiltration and tissue regeneration. Overall, these scaffolds have potential applications in tissue modeling, studying tissue-tissue interactions, interface tissue engineering, and highthroughput screening for optimized tissue regeneration.展开更多
The dynamic behaviors of supercooled large water droplets(SLDs)in airflow involving deformation,breakup,and splash affect the local water collection coefficient,leading to an increase in the complexity of aircraft ici...The dynamic behaviors of supercooled large water droplets(SLDs)in airflow involving deformation,breakup,and splash affect the local water collection coefficient,leading to an increase in the complexity of aircraft icing.A parametric study on the influence of deformed water droplets in shear flow is investigated experimentally and numerically.A horizontal refrigerated wind tunnel is used to create the background shear airflow.A high-speed camera records the evolution of cross-stream/streamwise diameters and the breakup process.The level set method is employed to capture the deformation of micrometer-sized supercooled water droplets in continuous airflow.The deformation modes are categorized into five regimes:stabilization,vibration,transition,bag breakup,and bag-stamen breakup.A dimensionless deformation factor L is defined to describe the droplet deformation,which increases with airflow speed,droplet volume,and temperature.Applying the scaling expression Oh~(4.39)We~(0.85),a normalized acceleration model of water droplets in shear airflow is established.Based on the experimental results,a drag coefficient model for disc-shaped droplets within the transient Reynolds number range of 420-10000 is obtained.As the initial Weber number exceeds 9.5 and the maximum deformation factor exceeds 3.5,the droplet enters the breakup regime.Furthermore,bag-stamen breakup occurs when the initial Weber number exceeds 17.5.展开更多
Ice crystal icing is an important cause of accidents in aircraft engines.Ice formation in aircraft engines can cause internal blades to freeze,affecting the quality of the air flow field and blocking the flow path.On ...Ice crystal icing is an important cause of accidents in aircraft engines.Ice formation in aircraft engines can cause internal blades to freeze,affecting the quality of the air flow field and blocking the flow path.On the other hand,the entry of ice crystal particles into the combustion chamber can cause a decrease in temperature or even flameout,leading to engine surge or shutdown.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct multiphase flow tests on ice crystals for aircraft components such as aircraft engines.Conducting ice crystal multiphase flow tests on aircraft is an effective research method,but it requires the construction of an ice crystal multiphase flow test platform that meets relevant technical requirements.The paper focuses on the relevant experimental requirements and combines wind tunnel test structures to conduct multiphase flow numerical simulations on various forms of jet pipelines,obtaining particle motion distribution results.After comparison,the optimal form of jet structure is obtained,providing the best selection scheme for the design of relevant wind tunnel structures.展开更多
Underwater gas-liquid two-phase propulsion technology is an emerging propulsion method that offers high efficiency and unrestricted navigation speed.The integration of this technology into water ramjet engines can sig...Underwater gas-liquid two-phase propulsion technology is an emerging propulsion method that offers high efficiency and unrestricted navigation speed.The integration of this technology into water ramjet engines can significantly enhance propulsion efficiency and holds substantial potential for broad applications.However,forming a gas-liquid two-phase flow within the nozzle requires introducing a large amount of rammed seawater.At this time,there is a complex phase transition problem of combustion products in the combustion chamber,which makes the thermodynamic calculation for gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines particularly challenging.This paper proposes a thermodynamic calculation method for gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines,based on the energy equation for gas-liquid two-phase flow and traditional thermodynamic principles,enabling thermodynamic calculations under conditions of ultra-high water-fuel ratios.Additionally,ground ignition tests of the gas-liquid two-phase engine were conducted,yielding critical engine test parameters.The results demonstrate that the gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engine achieves a high specific impulse,with a theoretical maximum specific impulse of up to 7000(N s)/kg.The multiphase flow effects significantly impact engine performance,with specific impulse losses reaching up to 25.86%.The error between the thrust and specific impulse in the ground test and the theoretical values is within 10%,validating the proposed thermodynamic calculation method as a reliable reference for further research on gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines.展开更多
Under equivalent stiffness conditions,material substitution based on a thin-walled design is crucial for the lightweight of components.Developing high-performance steels with both high-yield strength and excellent duc...Under equivalent stiffness conditions,material substitution based on a thin-walled design is crucial for the lightweight of components.Developing high-performance steels with both high-yield strength and excellent ductility has become a key focus in fields like aerospace and lowaltitude flight.The novel low-density steel presented here exhibits a yield strength of 1000 MPa,which is 2-3 times higher than conventional low-alloy high-strength steels,while maintaining an elongation of about 18.7%.By combining ex-situ experimental characterization with a phase mechanical response model based on the iso-work theory and the von Mises equivalent method,the role of heterogeneous deformation-induced strengthening was revealed.The calculated values align closely with experimental results.This exceptional performance is attributed to a multiphase heterogeneous microstructure,where fresh martensite,bainite/tempered martensite,and deformation-induced martensite act as hard regions.These regions release micro-stresses through inhomogeneous cooperative deformation with soft ferrite,enabling multiple plastic deformation mechanisms and stress concentration relief.This research offers new insights into optimizing microstructures through mechanical metallurgy,which is crucial for producing high-performance,lightweight components.展开更多
Large-eddy simulation(LES)is conducted to study the statistical properties of mixed-phase turbulence induced by the breaking of bow waves in flow past a partially submerged plate.The simulation is performed using a fi...Large-eddy simulation(LES)is conducted to study the statistical properties of mixed-phase turbulence induced by the breaking of bow waves in flow past a partially submerged plate.The simulation is performed using a finite difference method,with the air-water interface captured by a coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method.Four cases are conducted to investigate the effects of Froude number on turbulent statistics,including the mean velocity,turbulence kinetic energy,and turbulence mass flux(TMF),which is an additional unclosed term in the Reynolds-averaged momentum equation.The TMF,especially its vertical component,shows a complex behaviour with respect to the Froude number.This property of the TMF imposes high demands on the robustness of the closure model of TMF.The present LES data is further used to examine a closure model of the TMF production term,which shows a high correlation with the data obtained from LES.展开更多
An unsteady numerical simulation is conducted to examine the dynamic runback characteristics of a water film flow driven by a boundary layer airflow over a solid surface pertinent to the dynamic glaze ice accretion pr...An unsteady numerical simulation is conducted to examine the dynamic runback characteristics of a water film flow driven by a boundary layer airflow over a solid surface pertinent to the dynamic glaze ice accretion process over aircraft wing surfaces.The multiphase flow simulation results of the wind-driven water runback(WDWR)flow are compared quantitatively with the experimental results in terms of the time-dependent variations of the water film thickness profiles and evolution of the front contact point of the runback water film flow.The underlying mechanism of the intermittent water runback behavior is elucidated by analyzing the time evolution of the airflow velocity and vorticity fields above the runback water film flow over the solid surface.To the best knowledge of the authors,the work presented here is the first successful attempt to numerically examine the transient runback characteristics of WDWR flows.It serves as an excellent benchmark case for the development of best practices to model the important micro-physical processes responsible for the transient water transport over aircraft wing surfaces.展开更多
Molybdenum ditelluride （MoTe2）, which is an important transition-metal dichalcogenide, has attracted considerable interest owing to its unique properties, such as its small bandgap and large Seebeck coefficient. How...Molybdenum ditelluride （MoTe2）, which is an important transition-metal dichalcogenide, has attracted considerable interest owing to its unique properties, such as its small bandgap and large Seebeck coefficient. However, the batch production of monolayer MoTe2 has been rarely reported. In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of large-domain （edge length exceeding 30 μm）, monolayer MoTe2 from chemical vapor deposition-grown monolayer MoS2 using a chalcogen atom-exchange synthesis route. An in-depth investigation of the tellurization process reveals that the substitution of S atoms by Te is prevalently initiated at the edges and grain boundaries of the monolayer MoS2, which differs from the homogeneous selenization of MoS2 flakes with the formation of alloyed Mo-S-Se hybrids. Moreover, we detect a large compressive strain （approximately -10%） in the transformed MoTe2 lattice, which possibly drives the phase transition from 2H to 1T＇ at the reaction temperature of 500 ℃. This phase change is substantiated by experimental facts and first-principles calculations. This work introduces a novel route for the templated synthesis of two-dimensional layered materials through atom substitutional chemistry and provides a new pathway for engineering the strain and thus the intriguing physics and chemistry.展开更多
Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))has garnered significant attention as a promising material for high-capacity hydrogen storage.However,its commercial application remains challenging due to the high operating temperature and ...Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))has garnered significant attention as a promising material for high-capacity hydrogen storage.However,its commercial application remains challenging due to the high operating temperature and slow reaction kinetics.In this study,melt-spun Ti_(45)Cr_(40)Nb_(15)(with a BCC phase)hydride(designated as TiCrNbH_(x-)MS)was synthesized and used to form a nano-multiphase composite to improve the de-/rehydrogenation properties of MgH_(2) through ball milling.The incorporation of TiCrNbH_(x-)MS was shown to significantly enhance the hydrogen de-/rehydrogenation properties of MgH_(2).The MgH_(2)+20 wt%TiCrNbH_(x-)MS composite exhibits an appealing initial dehydrogenation temperature of 163℃ and can absorb hydrogen at room temperature.Notably,it releases 5.8 wt% hydrogen in 700 s at 230℃ and recharges 4.3 wt%hydrogen in just 2 mins at 150℃.Even after 100 cycles,it retains a reversible hydrogen capacity of 4.98 wt%.Kinetic analysis revealed that the dehydrogenation rate follows the Chou surface penetration model.Microstructural analysis showed that the FCC phase of the melt-spun TiCrNbH_(x-)MS hydride reversibly transformed into the BCC phase during the de-/rehydrogenation process in the composite.Numerous phase interfaces were generated and uniformly dispersed on the MgH_(2) surface,providing additional hydrogen diffusion pathways and heterogeneous nucleation sites for Mg/MgH_(2),thereby further improving the hydrogen de-/rehydrogenation kinetics of the system.This study offers valuable insights into the use of multiphase composites to enhance MgH_(2) performance.展开更多
In this paper,the research progress of Cu-based catalyst and the activity enhancement strategies in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate(DMO)to ethylene glycol(EG)was reviewed.As a green and economical ethylene glyco...In this paper,the research progress of Cu-based catalyst and the activity enhancement strategies in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate(DMO)to ethylene glycol(EG)was reviewed.As a green and economical ethylene glycol production path,the core of DMO hydrogenation of EG lies in the rational design and optimization of catalysts.This paper first introduces the background of the DMO hydrogenation system EG significance and the important effect of Cu-based catalyst in the reaction,particularly emphasizing the coordination with the Cu^(+)-Cu^(0) species catalytic effect.Then,many factors affecting the activity of Cu-based catalysts were analyzed in detail,including the equilibrium effect between Cu^(0) and Cu+species,the surface dispersion of Cu species,the interaction between metal and support,and the morphology effect of the catalyst.Regarding strategies for improving catalyst performance,this paper summarized effective measures such as optimizing support structure,adding promoters and optimizing preparation methods,and demonstrated the practical application effects of these strategies through representative catalyst examples.In addition,this paper also discusses the complex relationship between the influencing factors and catalyst performance.It points out the key directions for future research,with in-depth exploration of the correlation between catalyst structure and performance,the development of new catalysts,and the application of machine learning and big data technology in the catalyst research and development.In summary,this paper provides comprehensive theoretical guidance and practical reference for the performance optimization of Cu-based catalysts for DMO hydrogenation to EG.展开更多
Multiphase flow in porous rock is of great importance in the application of many industrial processes,including reservoir delineation,enhanced oil recovery,and CO_(2) sequestration.However,previous research typically ...Multiphase flow in porous rock is of great importance in the application of many industrial processes,including reservoir delineation,enhanced oil recovery,and CO_(2) sequestration.However,previous research typically investigated the dispersive behaviors when rock saturated with single or two-phase fluids and conducted limited studies on three-phase immiscible fluids.This study investigated the seismic dispersion,attenuation,and reflection features of seismic waves in three-phase immiscible fluidsaturated porous rocks.First,we proposed the calculation formulas of effective fluid modulus and effective fluid viscosity of multiphase immiscible fluids by taking into account the capillary pressure,reservoir wettability,and relative permeability simultaneously.Then,we analysed the frequencydependent behaviors of three-phase immiscible fluid-saturated porous rock under different fluid proportion cases using the Chapman multi-scale model.Next,the seismic responses are analysed using a four-layer model.The results indicate that the relative permeability,capillary pressure parameter,and fluid proportions are all significantly affect dispersion and attenuation.Comparative analyses demonstrate that dispersion and attenuation can be observed within the frequency range of seismic exploration for a lower capillary parameter a3 and higher oil content.Seismic responses reveal that the reflection features,such as travel time,seismic amplitude,and waveform of the bottom reflections of saturated rock and their underlying reflections are significantly dependent on fluid proportions and capillary parameters.For validation,the numerical results are further verified using the log data and real seismic data.This numerical analysis helps to further understand the wave propagation characteristics for a porous rock saturated with multiphase immiscible fluids.展开更多
Based on the energy dissipation caused by consolidation deformation of the porous media under external force and migration of the internal suspended substances,a coupled multiphase-substance flow(CMF)model was establi...Based on the energy dissipation caused by consolidation deformation of the porous media under external force and migration of the internal suspended substances,a coupled multiphase-substance flow(CMF)model was established.This model introduced the new concepts,such as particle temperature and particle entropy,to describe energy dissipation at meso-level.This model used a potential energy density function and migration coefficients to establish the corresponding connection between the dissipative force and dissipative flow.This viewpoint unifies the deformation,seepage,and suspended substance migration of geotechnical materials under the framework of granular thermodynamics.It can reflect the evolution of effective stress in the solid matrix of multi-components in a particle-reorganized state,and considers the temperature driving effect.The proposed CMF model is validated using the experimental results under coupled migration of heavy metal ions(HMs)and suspended particles(SPs).The calculation results demonstrated that the CMF model can describe the flow process under the conditions of arbitrary changes in different suspended substance types,injection concentrations,and injection velocities.展开更多
This review summarizes recent progress in the study of impinging-jet dynamics and atomization,with a focus on liquid sheet formation,instability mechanisms,and the influence of key parameters such as fluid properties,...This review summarizes recent progress in the study of impinging-jet dynamics and atomization,with a focus on liquid sheet formation,instability mechanisms,and the influence of key parameters such as fluid properties,Weber number,and Reynolds number.Special attention is given to atomization behaviors under high pressure and external perturbations.Representative experimental and numerical approaches are introduced,and critical findings under complex conditions are highlighted.In addition,practical applications of impinging-jet technology in aerospace propulsion,biomedical devices,and energy science are discussed.This review aims to serve as a concise reference for researchers interested in multiphase flow dynamics and engineering applications of impinging jets.展开更多
Matter conductivities are crucial physical properties that directly determine the engineering application value of materials.In reality,the majority of materials are multiphase composites.However,there is currently a ...Matter conductivities are crucial physical properties that directly determine the engineering application value of materials.In reality,the majority of materials are multiphase composites.However,there is currently a lack of theoretical models to accurately predict the conductivities of composite materials.In this study,we develop a unified mixed conductivity(UMC)model,achieving unity in three aspects:(1)a unified description and prediction for different conductivities,including elastic modulus,thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,magnetic permeability,liquid permeability coefficient,and gas diffusion coefficient;(2)a unified-form governing equation for mixed conductivities of various composite structures,conforming to the Riccati equation;(3)a unified-form composite structure,i.e.,a three-dimensional multiphase interpenetrating cuboid structure,encompassing over a dozen of typical composite structures as its specific cases.The UMC model is applicable for predicting the conductivity across six different types of physical fields and over a dozen different composite structures,providing a broad range of applications.Therefore,the current study deepens our understanding of the conduction phenomena and offers a powerful theoretical tool for predicting the conductivities of composite materials and optimizing their structures,which holds significant scientific and engineering implications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31100364)the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS, IARRP-2014-20)
文摘Aiming at searching for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), a bacterium strain coded as 7016 was isolated from soybean rhizosphere and was characterized in the present study. It was identiifed as Burkholderia sp. based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, as wel as phenotypic and biochemical characterizations. This bacterium presented nitrogenase activity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity and phosphate solubilizing ability;inhibited the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Gibberel a zeae and Verticil ium dahliae;and produced smal quantities of indole acetic acid (IAA). In green house experiments, signiifcant increases in shoot height and weight, root length and weight, and stem diameter were observed on tomato plants in 30 d after inoculation with strain 7016. Result of 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE showed that 7016 survived in the rhizosphere of tomato seedlings. In the ifeld experiments, Burkholderia sp. 7016 enhanced the tomato yield and signiifcantly promoted activities of soil urease, phosphatase, sucrase, and catalase. Al these results demonstrated Burkholderia sp. 7016 as a valuable PGPR and a candidate of biofertilizer.
文摘AIM To evaluate the feasibility of reducing the dose of iodinated contrast agent in computed tomography pulmonary angiography(CTPA). METHODS One hundred and twenty-seven patients clinically suspected of having pulmonary embolism underwent spiral CTPA, out of whom fifty-seven received 75 mL and the remaining seventy a lower dose of 60 mL of contrast agent. Both doses were administered in a multiphasic injection. A minimum opacification threshold of 250 Hounsfield units(HU) in the main pulmonary artery is used for assessing the technical adequacy of the scans. RESULTS Mean opacification was found to be positively correlated to patient age(Pearson's correlation 0.4255, P < 0.0001) and independent of gender(male:female, 425.6 vs 450.4,P = 0.34). When age is accounted for, the study and control groups did not differ significantly in their mean opacification in the main(436.8 vs 437.9, P = 0.48),left(416.6 vs 419.8, P = 0.45) or the right pulmonary arteries(417.3 vs 423.5, P = 0.40). The number of sub-optimally opacified scans(the mean opacification in the main pulmonary artery < 250 HU) did not differ significantly between the study and control groups(7 vs 10).CONCLUSION A lower dose of iodine contrast at 60 mL can be feasibly used in CTPA without resulting in a higher number of sub-optimally opacified scans.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51672109)the Independent Cultivation Program of Innovation Team of Ji’nan City(No.2019GXRC011)Hong Kong Scholars Program(No.XJ2018006)。
文摘Fe-based compounds with good environmental friendliness and high reversible capacity have attracted considerable attention as anode for lithium-ion batteries.But,similar to other transition metal oxides(TMOs),it is also affected by large volume changes and inferior kinetics during redox reactions,resulting in the destruction of the crystal structure and poor electrochemical performance.Here,Fe_(3)O_(4)/C nanospheres anchored on the two-dimensional graphene oxide as precursors are phosphated and sintered to build the multiphasic nanocomposite.XRD results confirmed the multiphasic nanocomposite composed of Fe2O3,Fe_(3)O_(4) and Fe_(3)PO_(7),which will facilitate the Li+diffusion.And the carbonaceous matrix will buffer the volume changes and enhance electron conduction.Consequently,the multiphasic Febased anode delivers a large specific capacity of 1086 mAh/g with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 87%at 0.1 C.It also has excellent cycling stability and rate property,maintaining a capacity retention of~87%after 300 cycles and a high reversible capacity of 632 mAh/g at 10 C.The proposed multiphasic structure offers a new insight into improving the electrochemical properties of TMO-based anodes for advanced alkali-ion batteries.
文摘Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）and functional MRI to study depression have primarily focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy（1H-MRS）appearance in various areas of the brain and volume measurements in the limbic system.However,results have not been consistent.To the best of our knowledge,very little is known about the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance and depression inventory.In the present study,the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance in depressive patients and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale was analyzed.MRI and 1H-MRS exhibited widened sulci and cisterns,as well as an absence of abnormal signals in depressive patients.In addition,N-acetyl aspartate/total creatine ratios in bilateral hippocampi and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly less in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.In contrast,choline-containing compounds/total creatine ratios in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly greater in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.These ratios significantly and positively correlated with patient total depression scores as assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale（r=0.934 7,0.878 7,P 〈 0.01）.These results suggested that 1H-MRS could be used to reveal a reduced number of neurons in the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,as well as altered membrane phospholipid metabolism in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,in patients with depressive disorder.Abnormal mechanisms partially reflected severity of depressive disorder.
基金support from the National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)of Australia(GNT1120249).
文摘Osteochondral defects are caused by injury to both the articular cartilage and subchondral bone within skeletal joints. They can lead to irreversible joint damage and increase the risk of progression to osteoarthritis. Current treatments for osteochondral injuries are not curative and only target symptoms, highlighting the need for a tissue engineering solution. Scaffold-based approaches can be used to assist osteochondral tissue regeneration, where biomaterials tailored to the properties of cartilage and bone are used to restore the defect and minimise the risk of further joint degeneration. This review captures original research studies published since 2015, on multiphasic scaffolds used to treat osteochondral defects in animal models. These studies used an extensive range of biomaterials for scaffold fabrication, consisting mainly of natural and synthetic polymers. Different methods were used to create multiphasic scaffold designs, including by integrating or fabricating multiple layers, creating gradients, or through the addition of factors such as minerals, growth factors, and cells. The studies used a variety of animals to model osteochondral defects, where rabbits were the most commonly chosen and the vast majority of studies reported small rather than large animal models. The few available clinical studies reporting cell-free scaffolds have shown promising early-stage results in osteochondral repair, but long-term follow-up is necessary to demonstrate consistency in defect restoration. Overall, preclinical studies of multiphasic scaffolds show favourable results in simultaneously regenerating cartilage and bone in animal models of osteochondral defects, suggesting that biomaterials-based tissue engineering strategies may be a promising solution.
文摘Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.
基金National Institute of General Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:R01GM138552Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program,Grant/Award Number:W81XWH2010207+4 种基金National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute,Grant/Award Number:R01HL162747University of Nebraska Medical CenterNational Institutes of HealthCongressionally Directed Medical Research ProgramsOffice of Nuclear Energy。
文摘Multiphasic scaffolds with tailored gradient features hold significant promise for tissue regeneration applications. Herein, this work reports the transformation of two-dimensional (2D) layered fiber mats into three-dimensional (3D) multiphasic scaffolds using a ‘solids-of-revolution’ inspired gas-foaming expansion technology. These scaffolds feature precise control over fiber alignment, pore size, and regional structure. Manipulating nanofiber mat layers and Pluronic F127 concentrations allows further customization of pore size and fiber alignment within different scaffold regions. The cellular response to multiphasic scaffolds demonstrates that the number of cells migrated and proliferated onto the scaffolds is mainly dependent on the pore size rather than fiber alignment. In vivo subcutaneous implantation of multiphasic scaffolds to rats reveals substantial cell infiltration, neo tissue formation, collagen deposition, and new vessel formation within scaffolds, greatly surpassing the capabilities of traditional nanofiber mats. Histological examination indicates the importance of optimizing pore size and fiber alignment for the promotion of cell infiltration and tissue regeneration. Overall, these scaffolds have potential applications in tissue modeling, studying tissue-tissue interactions, interface tissue engineering, and highthroughput screening for optimized tissue regeneration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12227802)。
文摘The dynamic behaviors of supercooled large water droplets(SLDs)in airflow involving deformation,breakup,and splash affect the local water collection coefficient,leading to an increase in the complexity of aircraft icing.A parametric study on the influence of deformed water droplets in shear flow is investigated experimentally and numerically.A horizontal refrigerated wind tunnel is used to create the background shear airflow.A high-speed camera records the evolution of cross-stream/streamwise diameters and the breakup process.The level set method is employed to capture the deformation of micrometer-sized supercooled water droplets in continuous airflow.The deformation modes are categorized into five regimes:stabilization,vibration,transition,bag breakup,and bag-stamen breakup.A dimensionless deformation factor L is defined to describe the droplet deformation,which increases with airflow speed,droplet volume,and temperature.Applying the scaling expression Oh~(4.39)We~(0.85),a normalized acceleration model of water droplets in shear airflow is established.Based on the experimental results,a drag coefficient model for disc-shaped droplets within the transient Reynolds number range of 420-10000 is obtained.As the initial Weber number exceeds 9.5 and the maximum deformation factor exceeds 3.5,the droplet enters the breakup regime.Furthermore,bag-stamen breakup occurs when the initial Weber number exceeds 17.5.
文摘Ice crystal icing is an important cause of accidents in aircraft engines.Ice formation in aircraft engines can cause internal blades to freeze,affecting the quality of the air flow field and blocking the flow path.On the other hand,the entry of ice crystal particles into the combustion chamber can cause a decrease in temperature or even flameout,leading to engine surge or shutdown.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct multiphase flow tests on ice crystals for aircraft components such as aircraft engines.Conducting ice crystal multiphase flow tests on aircraft is an effective research method,but it requires the construction of an ice crystal multiphase flow test platform that meets relevant technical requirements.The paper focuses on the relevant experimental requirements and combines wind tunnel test structures to conduct multiphase flow numerical simulations on various forms of jet pipelines,obtaining particle motion distribution results.After comparison,the optimal form of jet structure is obtained,providing the best selection scheme for the design of relevant wind tunnel structures.
基金supported by the Stable Support Fund forBasic Disciplines,China(No.3072024WD0201)。
文摘Underwater gas-liquid two-phase propulsion technology is an emerging propulsion method that offers high efficiency and unrestricted navigation speed.The integration of this technology into water ramjet engines can significantly enhance propulsion efficiency and holds substantial potential for broad applications.However,forming a gas-liquid two-phase flow within the nozzle requires introducing a large amount of rammed seawater.At this time,there is a complex phase transition problem of combustion products in the combustion chamber,which makes the thermodynamic calculation for gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines particularly challenging.This paper proposes a thermodynamic calculation method for gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines,based on the energy equation for gas-liquid two-phase flow and traditional thermodynamic principles,enabling thermodynamic calculations under conditions of ultra-high water-fuel ratios.Additionally,ground ignition tests of the gas-liquid two-phase engine were conducted,yielding critical engine test parameters.The results demonstrate that the gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engine achieves a high specific impulse,with a theoretical maximum specific impulse of up to 7000(N s)/kg.The multiphase flow effects significantly impact engine performance,with specific impulse losses reaching up to 25.86%.The error between the thrust and specific impulse in the ground test and the theoretical values is within 10%,validating the proposed thermodynamic calculation method as a reliable reference for further research on gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974134)the Innovation Ability Promotion Plan Project of Hebei Province,China(No.24461002D)。
文摘Under equivalent stiffness conditions,material substitution based on a thin-walled design is crucial for the lightweight of components.Developing high-performance steels with both high-yield strength and excellent ductility has become a key focus in fields like aerospace and lowaltitude flight.The novel low-density steel presented here exhibits a yield strength of 1000 MPa,which is 2-3 times higher than conventional low-alloy high-strength steels,while maintaining an elongation of about 18.7%.By combining ex-situ experimental characterization with a phase mechanical response model based on the iso-work theory and the von Mises equivalent method,the role of heterogeneous deformation-induced strengthening was revealed.The calculated values align closely with experimental results.This exceptional performance is attributed to a multiphase heterogeneous microstructure,where fresh martensite,bainite/tempered martensite,and deformation-induced martensite act as hard regions.These regions release micro-stresses through inhomogeneous cooperative deformation with soft ferrite,enabling multiple plastic deformation mechanisms and stress concentration relief.This research offers new insights into optimizing microstructures through mechanical metallurgy,which is crucial for producing high-performance,lightweight components.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Basic Science Center Program for‘Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics’(Grant No.11988102)NSFC project(Grant No.11972038)Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-087).
文摘Large-eddy simulation(LES)is conducted to study the statistical properties of mixed-phase turbulence induced by the breaking of bow waves in flow past a partially submerged plate.The simulation is performed using a finite difference method,with the air-water interface captured by a coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method.Four cases are conducted to investigate the effects of Froude number on turbulent statistics,including the mean velocity,turbulence kinetic energy,and turbulence mass flux(TMF),which is an additional unclosed term in the Reynolds-averaged momentum equation.The TMF,especially its vertical component,shows a complex behaviour with respect to the Froude number.This property of the TMF imposes high demands on the robustness of the closure model of TMF.The present LES data is further used to examine a closure model of the TMF production term,which shows a high correlation with the data obtained from LES.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(NSF)of the USA(Grant Nos.TIP-2140489,CBET-2313310,and CBET-2415347).
文摘An unsteady numerical simulation is conducted to examine the dynamic runback characteristics of a water film flow driven by a boundary layer airflow over a solid surface pertinent to the dynamic glaze ice accretion process over aircraft wing surfaces.The multiphase flow simulation results of the wind-driven water runback(WDWR)flow are compared quantitatively with the experimental results in terms of the time-dependent variations of the water film thickness profiles and evolution of the front contact point of the runback water film flow.The underlying mechanism of the intermittent water runback behavior is elucidated by analyzing the time evolution of the airflow velocity and vorticity fields above the runback water film flow over the solid surface.To the best knowledge of the authors,the work presented here is the first successful attempt to numerically examine the transient runback characteristics of WDWR flows.It serves as an excellent benchmark case for the development of best practices to model the important micro-physical processes responsible for the transient water transport over aircraft wing surfaces.
基金We acknowledge finandal support by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51472008, 51290272, 51471004, and 51672307）, the National High-tech R＆D Program of China （No. 2016YFA0200103）, the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2014CB921002）, the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics （No. KF201601）, the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. XDB07030200） and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS （No. QYZDB-SSW-JSC035）.
文摘Molybdenum ditelluride （MoTe2）, which is an important transition-metal dichalcogenide, has attracted considerable interest owing to its unique properties, such as its small bandgap and large Seebeck coefficient. However, the batch production of monolayer MoTe2 has been rarely reported. In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of large-domain （edge length exceeding 30 μm）, monolayer MoTe2 from chemical vapor deposition-grown monolayer MoS2 using a chalcogen atom-exchange synthesis route. An in-depth investigation of the tellurization process reveals that the substitution of S atoms by Te is prevalently initiated at the edges and grain boundaries of the monolayer MoS2, which differs from the homogeneous selenization of MoS2 flakes with the formation of alloyed Mo-S-Se hybrids. Moreover, we detect a large compressive strain （approximately -10%） in the transformed MoTe2 lattice, which possibly drives the phase transition from 2H to 1T＇ at the reaction temperature of 500 ℃. This phase change is substantiated by experimental facts and first-principles calculations. This work introduces a novel route for the templated synthesis of two-dimensional layered materials through atom substitutional chemistry and provides a new pathway for engineering the strain and thus the intriguing physics and chemistry.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development program of China(2022YFB3504700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20128)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0400304)the Research Projects of Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.E355B0020).
文摘Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))has garnered significant attention as a promising material for high-capacity hydrogen storage.However,its commercial application remains challenging due to the high operating temperature and slow reaction kinetics.In this study,melt-spun Ti_(45)Cr_(40)Nb_(15)(with a BCC phase)hydride(designated as TiCrNbH_(x-)MS)was synthesized and used to form a nano-multiphase composite to improve the de-/rehydrogenation properties of MgH_(2) through ball milling.The incorporation of TiCrNbH_(x-)MS was shown to significantly enhance the hydrogen de-/rehydrogenation properties of MgH_(2).The MgH_(2)+20 wt%TiCrNbH_(x-)MS composite exhibits an appealing initial dehydrogenation temperature of 163℃ and can absorb hydrogen at room temperature.Notably,it releases 5.8 wt% hydrogen in 700 s at 230℃ and recharges 4.3 wt%hydrogen in just 2 mins at 150℃.Even after 100 cycles,it retains a reversible hydrogen capacity of 4.98 wt%.Kinetic analysis revealed that the dehydrogenation rate follows the Chou surface penetration model.Microstructural analysis showed that the FCC phase of the melt-spun TiCrNbH_(x-)MS hydride reversibly transformed into the BCC phase during the de-/rehydrogenation process in the composite.Numerous phase interfaces were generated and uniformly dispersed on the MgH_(2) surface,providing additional hydrogen diffusion pathways and heterogeneous nucleation sites for Mg/MgH_(2),thereby further improving the hydrogen de-/rehydrogenation kinetics of the system.This study offers valuable insights into the use of multiphase composites to enhance MgH_(2) performance.
基金supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(GuikeAA23062018)the Academic Newcomer Award Project of Guangxi University(2025GXUXSXR07)。
文摘In this paper,the research progress of Cu-based catalyst and the activity enhancement strategies in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate(DMO)to ethylene glycol(EG)was reviewed.As a green and economical ethylene glycol production path,the core of DMO hydrogenation of EG lies in the rational design and optimization of catalysts.This paper first introduces the background of the DMO hydrogenation system EG significance and the important effect of Cu-based catalyst in the reaction,particularly emphasizing the coordination with the Cu^(+)-Cu^(0) species catalytic effect.Then,many factors affecting the activity of Cu-based catalysts were analyzed in detail,including the equilibrium effect between Cu^(0) and Cu+species,the surface dispersion of Cu species,the interaction between metal and support,and the morphology effect of the catalyst.Regarding strategies for improving catalyst performance,this paper summarized effective measures such as optimizing support structure,adding promoters and optimizing preparation methods,and demonstrated the practical application effects of these strategies through representative catalyst examples.In addition,this paper also discusses the complex relationship between the influencing factors and catalyst performance.It points out the key directions for future research,with in-depth exploration of the correlation between catalyst structure and performance,the development of new catalysts,and the application of machine learning and big data technology in the catalyst research and development.In summary,this paper provides comprehensive theoretical guidance and practical reference for the performance optimization of Cu-based catalysts for DMO hydrogenation to EG.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41874143 and Grant 42374163in part by the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China under Grant 2023NSFSC0019in part by the Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development under Grant 2024ZYD0124.
文摘Multiphase flow in porous rock is of great importance in the application of many industrial processes,including reservoir delineation,enhanced oil recovery,and CO_(2) sequestration.However,previous research typically investigated the dispersive behaviors when rock saturated with single or two-phase fluids and conducted limited studies on three-phase immiscible fluids.This study investigated the seismic dispersion,attenuation,and reflection features of seismic waves in three-phase immiscible fluidsaturated porous rocks.First,we proposed the calculation formulas of effective fluid modulus and effective fluid viscosity of multiphase immiscible fluids by taking into account the capillary pressure,reservoir wettability,and relative permeability simultaneously.Then,we analysed the frequencydependent behaviors of three-phase immiscible fluid-saturated porous rock under different fluid proportion cases using the Chapman multi-scale model.Next,the seismic responses are analysed using a four-layer model.The results indicate that the relative permeability,capillary pressure parameter,and fluid proportions are all significantly affect dispersion and attenuation.Comparative analyses demonstrate that dispersion and attenuation can be observed within the frequency range of seismic exploration for a lower capillary parameter a3 and higher oil content.Seismic responses reveal that the reflection features,such as travel time,seismic amplitude,and waveform of the bottom reflections of saturated rock and their underlying reflections are significantly dependent on fluid proportions and capillary parameters.For validation,the numerical results are further verified using the log data and real seismic data.This numerical analysis helps to further understand the wave propagation characteristics for a porous rock saturated with multiphase immiscible fluids.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52378321 and 52079003).
文摘Based on the energy dissipation caused by consolidation deformation of the porous media under external force and migration of the internal suspended substances,a coupled multiphase-substance flow(CMF)model was established.This model introduced the new concepts,such as particle temperature and particle entropy,to describe energy dissipation at meso-level.This model used a potential energy density function and migration coefficients to establish the corresponding connection between the dissipative force and dissipative flow.This viewpoint unifies the deformation,seepage,and suspended substance migration of geotechnical materials under the framework of granular thermodynamics.It can reflect the evolution of effective stress in the solid matrix of multi-components in a particle-reorganized state,and considers the temperature driving effect.The proposed CMF model is validated using the experimental results under coupled migration of heavy metal ions(HMs)and suspended particles(SPs).The calculation results demonstrated that the CMF model can describe the flow process under the conditions of arbitrary changes in different suspended substance types,injection concentrations,and injection velocities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23B6009 and 12272050).
文摘This review summarizes recent progress in the study of impinging-jet dynamics and atomization,with a focus on liquid sheet formation,instability mechanisms,and the influence of key parameters such as fluid properties,Weber number,and Reynolds number.Special attention is given to atomization behaviors under high pressure and external perturbations.Representative experimental and numerical approaches are introduced,and critical findings under complex conditions are highlighted.In addition,practical applications of impinging-jet technology in aerospace propulsion,biomedical devices,and energy science are discussed.This review aims to serve as a concise reference for researchers interested in multiphase flow dynamics and engineering applications of impinging jets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.52322105,52321001,52130002,U22A20114,and 52371084)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2021192)+1 种基金the IMR Innovation Fund(No.2023-ZD01)the IMR Outstanding Scholar Position(No.E451A804).
文摘Matter conductivities are crucial physical properties that directly determine the engineering application value of materials.In reality,the majority of materials are multiphase composites.However,there is currently a lack of theoretical models to accurately predict the conductivities of composite materials.In this study,we develop a unified mixed conductivity(UMC)model,achieving unity in three aspects:(1)a unified description and prediction for different conductivities,including elastic modulus,thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,magnetic permeability,liquid permeability coefficient,and gas diffusion coefficient;(2)a unified-form governing equation for mixed conductivities of various composite structures,conforming to the Riccati equation;(3)a unified-form composite structure,i.e.,a three-dimensional multiphase interpenetrating cuboid structure,encompassing over a dozen of typical composite structures as its specific cases.The UMC model is applicable for predicting the conductivity across six different types of physical fields and over a dozen different composite structures,providing a broad range of applications.Therefore,the current study deepens our understanding of the conduction phenomena and offers a powerful theoretical tool for predicting the conductivities of composite materials and optimizing their structures,which holds significant scientific and engineering implications.
