Multifunctional structures(MFSs)integrate diverse functions to achieve superior properties.However,conventional design and manufacturing methods—which generally lack quality control and largely depend on complex equi...Multifunctional structures(MFSs)integrate diverse functions to achieve superior properties.However,conventional design and manufacturing methods—which generally lack quality control and largely depend on complex equipment with multiple stations to achieve the integration of distinct materials and devices—are unable to satisfy the requirements of MFS applications in emerging industries such as aerospace engineering.Motivated by the concept of design for manufacturing,we adopt a layer regulation method with an established optimization model to design typical MFSs with load-bearing,electric,heat-conduction,and radiation-shielding functions.A high-temperature in situ additive manufacturing(AM)technology is developed to print various metallic wires or carbon fiber-reinforced high-meltingpoint polyetheretherketone(PEEK)composites.It is found that the MFS,despite its low mass,exceeds the stiffness of the PEEK substrate by 21.5%.The embedded electrics remain functional after the elastic deformation stage.Compared with those of the PEEK substrate,the equivalent thermal conductivity of the MFS beneath the central heat source area is enhanced by 568.0%,and the radiation shielding is improved by 27.9%.Moreover,a satellite prototype with diverse MFSs is rapidly constructed as an illustration.This work provides a systematic approach for high-performance design and advanced manufacturing,which exhibits considerable prospects for both the function expansion and performance enhancement of industrial equipment.展开更多
This paper presents the development of a bioinspired multifunctional flexible optical sensor(BioMFOS)as an ultrasensitive tool for force(intensity and location)and orientation sensing.The sensor structure is bioinspir...This paper presents the development of a bioinspired multifunctional flexible optical sensor(BioMFOS)as an ultrasensitive tool for force(intensity and location)and orientation sensing.The sensor structure is bioinspired in orb webs,which are multifunctional devices for prey capturing and vibration transmission.The multifunctional feature of the structure is achieved by using transparent resins that present both mechanical and optical properties for structural integrity and strain/deflection transmission as well as the optical signal transmission properties with core/cladding configuration of a waveguide.In this case,photocurable and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)resins are used for the core and cladding,respectively.The optical transmission,tensile tests,and dynamic mechanical analysis are performed in the resins and show the possibility of light transmission at the visible wavelength range in conjunction with high flexibility and a dynamic range up to 150 Hz,suitable for wearable applications.The BioMFOS has small dimensions(around 2 cm)and lightweight(0.8 g),making it suitable for wearable application and clothing integration.Characterization tests are performed in the structure by means of applying forces at different locations of the structure.The results show an ultra-high sensitivity and resolution,where forces in theμN range can be detected and the location of the applied force can also be detected with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution.Then,the BioMFOS is tested on the orientation detection in 3D plane,where a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 is obtained when compared with a gold-standard inertial measurement unit(IMU).Furthermore,the device also shows its capabilities on the movement analysis and classification in two protocols:finger position detection(with the BioMFOS positioned on the top of the hand)and trunk orientation assessment(with the sensor integrated on the clothing).In both cases,the sensor is able of classifying the movement,especially when analyzed in conjunction with preprocessing and clustering techniques.As another wearable application,the respiratory rate is successfully estimated with the BioMFOS integrated into the clothing.Thus,the proposed multifunctional device opens new avenues for novel bioinspired photonic devices and can be used in many applications of biomedical,biomechanics,and micro/nanotechnology.展开更多
Conventional deformable wheel systems in robots and other mechatronic systems face significant challenges in achieving miniaturization,intelligence,and integration.To address these issues,we propose a novel integrated...Conventional deformable wheel systems in robots and other mechatronic systems face significant challenges in achieving miniaturization,intelligence,and integration.To address these issues,we propose a novel integrated structural design method and four-dimensional printing strategy for deformable wheels capable of shaping among multiple programmable direct-driven deformation configurations.The load-bearing capacity of the printed wheel is strengthened by employing deformed components in various locations and actuated states.Additionally,a novel analytical design method is presented to determine the structure,actuation,and deformation parameters of each component under complex coupled deformation.Our findings reveal that the designed wheel can transform into three different configurations,exhibiting desired deformations of 12.5%in the radial direction and 19.6%in the axial direction.It also demonstrates robust deformation behavior and structural stability under multi-directional loads.By integrating a terrain sensing system,the designed wheel exhibits highly adaptive deformation capabilities on various terrains,showing great potential for exploring complex environments.展开更多
Lattice structure can realize excellent multifunctional charac-teristics because of its huge design space,and the cellular configuration directly affects the lattice structural performance and lightweight.A novel ener...Lattice structure can realize excellent multifunctional charac-teristics because of its huge design space,and the cellular configuration directly affects the lattice structural performance and lightweight.A novel energy-absorbing multifunctional lat-tice structure with phononic bandgap is presented by topol-ogy and parameter optimization in this paper.First,the two-dimensional(2D)cellular configuration is lightweight designed by using independent continuous mapping(ICM)topology optimization method.The 2D cell is reconstructed by geo-metric parameters and rotated into a three-dimensional(3D)cell by using chiral shape to achieve bandgap.Subsequently,the surrogated model with energy absorption as the object and first-order natural frequency as the constraint is estab-lished to optimize a parametric 3D cell based on the Response Surface Methodology(RSM).Finally,the lattice struc-tures are assembled with dodecagonal staggered arrange-ments to avoid the deformation interference among the adjacent cells.In addition,the lattice structural energy absorp-tion and bandgap characteristics are analyzed and discussed.Compared to Kelvin lattice structure,the optimal lattice struc-ture shows significant improvement in energy absorption effi-ciency.Besides,the proposed design also performs well in damping characteristics of the high-frequency and wide-bandgap.The lattice structural optimization design framework has great meaning to achieve the equipment structural light-weight and multi-function in the aerospace field.展开更多
P2-type layered oxide,Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2),has drawn particular interest as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its fast sodium-ion transport channels with low migration potentia...P2-type layered oxide,Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2),has drawn particular interest as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its fast sodium-ion transport channels with low migration potential.However,some catastrophic flaws,such as air instability,complicated multiphase evolution,and irreversible anionic redox,limit its electrochemical performance and hinder its application.Here,an air-stable single-crystal P2-type Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Ti_(1/3)O_(2)is proposed based on the multifunctional structural modulation of Ti substitution that could alleviate the issues for practical SIBs.As a result,the cathode with high energy density shows excellent air stability and highly reversible phase transitions(P2–OP4),and delivers faster kinetics and stable anion redox chemistry.Meanwhile,a thorough investigation of the relationship between structure,function,and properties is demonstrated,emphasizing formation processes,electrochemical behavior,structural evolution,and air stability.Overall,this study provides the direction of multifunctional structural modulation for the development of high-performance sodium-based layered cathode materials for practical applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51822503,U20A20297,and 51975142)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(2020B090923003)。
文摘Multifunctional structures(MFSs)integrate diverse functions to achieve superior properties.However,conventional design and manufacturing methods—which generally lack quality control and largely depend on complex equipment with multiple stations to achieve the integration of distinct materials and devices—are unable to satisfy the requirements of MFS applications in emerging industries such as aerospace engineering.Motivated by the concept of design for manufacturing,we adopt a layer regulation method with an established optimization model to design typical MFSs with load-bearing,electric,heat-conduction,and radiation-shielding functions.A high-temperature in situ additive manufacturing(AM)technology is developed to print various metallic wires or carbon fiber-reinforced high-meltingpoint polyetheretherketone(PEEK)composites.It is found that the MFS,despite its low mass,exceeds the stiffness of the PEEK substrate by 21.5%.The embedded electrics remain functional after the elastic deformation stage.Compared with those of the PEEK substrate,the equivalent thermal conductivity of the MFS beneath the central heat source area is enhanced by 568.0%,and the radiation shielding is improved by 27.9%.Moreover,a satellite prototype with diverse MFSs is rapidly constructed as an illustration.This work provides a systematic approach for high-performance design and advanced manufacturing,which exhibits considerable prospects for both the function expansion and performance enhancement of industrial equipment.
基金FAPES(320/2020 and 84336650)CNPq(304049/2019-0 and 427054/2018-4)+2 种基金Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(FCT)through the DigiAqua project-PTDC/EEIEEE/0415/2021.C.FCT through the CEECIND/00034/2018(iFish project)developed within the scope of the project i3N,UIDB/50025/2020&UIDP/50025/2020financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC.
文摘This paper presents the development of a bioinspired multifunctional flexible optical sensor(BioMFOS)as an ultrasensitive tool for force(intensity and location)and orientation sensing.The sensor structure is bioinspired in orb webs,which are multifunctional devices for prey capturing and vibration transmission.The multifunctional feature of the structure is achieved by using transparent resins that present both mechanical and optical properties for structural integrity and strain/deflection transmission as well as the optical signal transmission properties with core/cladding configuration of a waveguide.In this case,photocurable and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)resins are used for the core and cladding,respectively.The optical transmission,tensile tests,and dynamic mechanical analysis are performed in the resins and show the possibility of light transmission at the visible wavelength range in conjunction with high flexibility and a dynamic range up to 150 Hz,suitable for wearable applications.The BioMFOS has small dimensions(around 2 cm)and lightweight(0.8 g),making it suitable for wearable application and clothing integration.Characterization tests are performed in the structure by means of applying forces at different locations of the structure.The results show an ultra-high sensitivity and resolution,where forces in theμN range can be detected and the location of the applied force can also be detected with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution.Then,the BioMFOS is tested on the orientation detection in 3D plane,where a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 is obtained when compared with a gold-standard inertial measurement unit(IMU).Furthermore,the device also shows its capabilities on the movement analysis and classification in two protocols:finger position detection(with the BioMFOS positioned on the top of the hand)and trunk orientation assessment(with the sensor integrated on the clothing).In both cases,the sensor is able of classifying the movement,especially when analyzed in conjunction with preprocessing and clustering techniques.As another wearable application,the respiratory rate is successfully estimated with the BioMFOS integrated into the clothing.Thus,the proposed multifunctional device opens new avenues for novel bioinspired photonic devices and can be used in many applications of biomedical,biomechanics,and micro/nanotechnology.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No 2022YFB4600102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20637 and Grant No 52275561)。
文摘Conventional deformable wheel systems in robots and other mechatronic systems face significant challenges in achieving miniaturization,intelligence,and integration.To address these issues,we propose a novel integrated structural design method and four-dimensional printing strategy for deformable wheels capable of shaping among multiple programmable direct-driven deformation configurations.The load-bearing capacity of the printed wheel is strengthened by employing deformed components in various locations and actuated states.Additionally,a novel analytical design method is presented to determine the structure,actuation,and deformation parameters of each component under complex coupled deformation.Our findings reveal that the designed wheel can transform into three different configurations,exhibiting desired deformations of 12.5%in the radial direction and 19.6%in the axial direction.It also demonstrates robust deformation behavior and structural stability under multi-directional loads.By integrating a terrain sensing system,the designed wheel exhibits highly adaptive deformation capabilities on various terrains,showing great potential for exploring complex environments.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China[11872080,12202008]Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality[3192005]。
文摘Lattice structure can realize excellent multifunctional charac-teristics because of its huge design space,and the cellular configuration directly affects the lattice structural performance and lightweight.A novel energy-absorbing multifunctional lat-tice structure with phononic bandgap is presented by topol-ogy and parameter optimization in this paper.First,the two-dimensional(2D)cellular configuration is lightweight designed by using independent continuous mapping(ICM)topology optimization method.The 2D cell is reconstructed by geo-metric parameters and rotated into a three-dimensional(3D)cell by using chiral shape to achieve bandgap.Subsequently,the surrogated model with energy absorption as the object and first-order natural frequency as the constraint is estab-lished to optimize a parametric 3D cell based on the Response Surface Methodology(RSM).Finally,the lattice struc-tures are assembled with dodecagonal staggered arrange-ments to avoid the deformation interference among the adjacent cells.In addition,the lattice structural energy absorp-tion and bandgap characteristics are analyzed and discussed.Compared to Kelvin lattice structure,the optimal lattice struc-ture shows significant improvement in energy absorption effi-ciency.Besides,the proposed design also performs well in damping characteristics of the high-frequency and wide-bandgap.The lattice structural optimization design framework has great meaning to achieve the equipment structural light-weight and multi-function in the aerospace field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52250710680,51971124,52171217,52202284)Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Major Project(2020GK1010-2020GK1014-4)+7 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LZ21E010001,LQ23E020002)Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(5419-202158503A-0-5-ZN)Wenzhou key scientific and technological innovation research projects(ZG2023053)Wenzhou Natural Science Foundation(ZG2022032,G20220019,G20220021)Cooperation between industry and education project of Ministry of Education(220601318235513)State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University(EIPE22208)the China Scholarship Council(202106370062)Doctoral Innovation Foundation of Wenzhou University(3162023001001)。
文摘P2-type layered oxide,Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2),has drawn particular interest as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its fast sodium-ion transport channels with low migration potential.However,some catastrophic flaws,such as air instability,complicated multiphase evolution,and irreversible anionic redox,limit its electrochemical performance and hinder its application.Here,an air-stable single-crystal P2-type Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Ti_(1/3)O_(2)is proposed based on the multifunctional structural modulation of Ti substitution that could alleviate the issues for practical SIBs.As a result,the cathode with high energy density shows excellent air stability and highly reversible phase transitions(P2–OP4),and delivers faster kinetics and stable anion redox chemistry.Meanwhile,a thorough investigation of the relationship between structure,function,and properties is demonstrated,emphasizing formation processes,electrochemical behavior,structural evolution,and air stability.Overall,this study provides the direction of multifunctional structural modulation for the development of high-performance sodium-based layered cathode materials for practical applications.
