Multichannel signals have the characteristics of information diversity and information consistency.To better explore and utilize the affinity relationship within multichannel signals,a new graph learning technique bas...Multichannel signals have the characteristics of information diversity and information consistency.To better explore and utilize the affinity relationship within multichannel signals,a new graph learning technique based on low rank tensor approximation is proposed for multichannel monitoring signal processing and utilization.Firstly,the affinity relationship of multichannel signals can be acquired based on the clustering results of each channel signal.Wherein an affinity tensor is constructed to integrate the diverse and consistent information of the clustering information among multichannel signals.Secondly,a low-rank tensor optimization model is built and the joint affinity matrix is optimized with the assistance of the strong confidence affinity matrix.Through solving the optimization model,the fused affinity relationship graph of multichannel signals can be obtained.Finally,the multichannel fused clustering results can be acquired though the updated joint affinity relationship graph.The multichannel signal utilization examples in health state assessment with public datasets and microwave detection with actual echoes verify the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
When used with large energy sparkers, marine multichannel small-scale high-resolution seismic detection technology has a high resolution, high-detection precision, a wide applicable range, and is very flexible. Positi...When used with large energy sparkers, marine multichannel small-scale high-resolution seismic detection technology has a high resolution, high-detection precision, a wide applicable range, and is very flexible. Positive results have been achieved in submarine geological research, particularly in the investigation of marine gas hydrates. However, the amount of traveltime difference information is reduced for the velocity analysis under conditions of a shorter spread length, thus leading to poorer focusing of the velocity spectrum energy group and a lower accuracy of the velocity analysis. It is thus currently debatable whether the velocity analysis accuracy of short-arrangement multichannel seismic detection technology is able to meet the requirements of practical application in natural gas hydrate exploration. Therefore, in this study the bottom boundary of gas hydrates(Bottom Simulating Reflector, BSR) is used to conduct numerical simulation to discuss the accuracy of the velocity analysis related to such technology. Results show that a higher dominant frequency and smaller sampling interval are not only able to improve the seismic resolution, but they also compensate for the defects of the short-arrangement, thereby improving the accuracy of the velocity analysis. In conclusion, the accuracy of the velocity analysis in this small-scale, high-resolution, multi-channel seismic detection technology meets the requirements of natural gas hydrate exploration.展开更多
This paper shows the presence of noises and technique to reduce these noises during the surface wave analysis. The frequency-dependent properties of Rayleigh-type surface waves can be used for imaging and characterizi...This paper shows the presence of noises and technique to reduce these noises during the surface wave analysis. The frequency-dependent properties of Rayleigh-type surface waves can be used for imaging and characterizing the shallow subsurface. Interference by coherent source-generated noise inhibits the reliability of shear-wave velocities determined through inversion of the phase velocities of Rayleigh waves. Among these interferences by non-planar, non-fundamental mode Rayleigh waves （noise） are body waves, scattered and non-source-generated surface waves, and highermode surface waves. For the reduction of noise, the filtering technique is implemented in this paper for the multichannel analysis of surface wave method （MASW）. With the de-noising technique during the MASW method, more robust and reliable outcome is achieved. The significance of this paper is to obtain pre-awareness about noises during surface wave analysis and take better outcomes with denoising performance in near surface soil investigations.展开更多
Earth＇s variable rotation is mainly produced by the variability of the AAM（atmospheric angular momentum）. In particular, the axial AAM component X_3, which undergoes especially strong variations,induces changes in ...Earth＇s variable rotation is mainly produced by the variability of the AAM（atmospheric angular momentum）. In particular, the axial AAM component X_3, which undergoes especially strong variations,induces changes in the Earth＇s rotation rate. In this study we analysed maps of regional input into the effective axial AAM from 1948 through 2011 from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Global zonal circulation patterns related to the LOD（length of day） were described. We applied MSSA（Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis） jointly to the mass and motion components of AAM, which allowed us to extract annual, semiannual, 4-mo nth, quasi-biennial, 5-year, and low-frequency oscillations. PCs（Principal components） strongly related to ENSO（El Nino southern oscillation） were released. They can be used to study ENSO-induced changes in pressure and wind fields and their coupling to LOD. The PCs describing the trends have captured slow atmospheric circulation changes possibly related to climate variability.展开更多
Radiochromic film with a dye incorporated into the radiation sensitive layer [Gafchromic EBT2, Ashland, Inc.] may be digitized by a color transparency scanner, digitally processed, and calibrated so that a digital ima...Radiochromic film with a dye incorporated into the radiation sensitive layer [Gafchromic EBT2, Ashland, Inc.] may be digitized by a color transparency scanner, digitally processed, and calibrated so that a digital image in units of radiation absorbed dose is obtained. A transformation from raw scanner values to dose values was developed based upon a principal component analysis of the optical densities of the red, green and blue channels of the color image of a dose of 0.942 Gy delivered by a Sr-90/Y-90 disk-shaped source. In the order of increasing eigenvalue, the three eigenimages of the principal component analysis contained, by visual inspection, 1) mainly noise;2) mainly a pattern of irregular streaks;and 3) most of the expected dose information along with some of the same background streaking that predominated in the second eigenimage. The combination of the second and third eigenimages that minimized the background streaking was converted into a transformation of the red, green and blue channels’ optical densities and applied to films with a range of doses from 0 to 63.7 Gy. The curve of dose vs. processed optical density was fit by a two-phase association curve. This processing was applied to a film exposed from its edge by a different Y-90 source in a configuration that was modeled by Monte Carlo simulation. The depth-dose curves of the measurement and simulation agree closely, suggesting that this approach is a valid method of processing EBT2 radiochromic film into maps of radiation absorbed dose.展开更多
This study aimed to set a computer-integrated multichannel spectral imaging system as a high-throughput phenotyping tool for the analysis of individual cowpea seeds harvested at different developmental stages. The cha...This study aimed to set a computer-integrated multichannel spectral imaging system as a high-throughput phenotyping tool for the analysis of individual cowpea seeds harvested at different developmental stages. The changes in germination capacity and variations in moisture, protein and different sugars during twelve stages of seed development from 10 to 32 days after anthesis were nondestructively monitored. Multispectral data at 20 discrete wavelengths in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared regions were extracted from individual seeds and then modelled using partial least squares regression and linear discriminant analysis(LDA) models. The developed multivariate models were accurate enough for monitoring all possible changes occurred in moisture, protein and sugar contents with coefficients of determination in prediction R^(2) of 0.93, 0.80 and 0.78 and root mean square errors in prediction(RMSEP) of 6.045%, 2.236% and 0.890%, respectively. The accuracy of PLS models in predicting individual sugars such as verbascose and stachyose was reasonable with R~2 of 0.87 and 0.87 and RMSEP of 0.071%and 0.485%, respectively;but for the prediction of sucrose and raffinose the accuracy was relatively limited with R^(2) of 0.24 and 0.66 and RMSEP of 0.567% and 0.045%, respectively. The developed LDA model was robust in classifying the seeds based on their germination capacity with overall correct classification of96.33% and 95.67% in the training and validation datasets, respectively. With these levels of accuracy,the proposed multichannel spectral imaging system designed for single seeds could be an effective choice as a rapid screening and non-destructive technique for identifying the ideal harvesting time of cowpea seeds based on their chemical composition and germination capacity. Moreover, the development of chemical images of the major constituents along with classification images confirmed the usefulness of the proposed technique as a non-destructive tool for estimating the concentrations and spatial distributions of moisture, protein and sugars during different developmental stages of cowpea seeds.展开更多
On the basis of the computed results got by the Gaussian 94 package at B3LYP/6 311++G** level, the reaction mechanism of CH 3O radical with CO has been investigated thoroughly via the vibrational model analysis. And...On the basis of the computed results got by the Gaussian 94 package at B3LYP/6 311++G** level, the reaction mechanism of CH 3O radical with CO has been investigated thoroughly via the vibrational model analysis. And the relationships among the reactants, eight transition states, four intermediates and various products involved this multichannel reaction are elucidated. The vibrational mode analysis shows that the reaction mechanism is reliable.展开更多
Introduction:Public health surveillance is crucial for decision-making.Given the significant threat of influenza to public health,developing predictive models using multichannel surveillance systems is imperative.Meth...Introduction:Public health surveillance is crucial for decision-making.Given the significant threat of influenza to public health,developing predictive models using multichannel surveillance systems is imperative.Methods:Data were collected from multichannel surveillance systems,including hospitals,search engines,and climatological and air pollutant surveillance systems,in a southern Chinese city from January 2023 to January 2025.Spearman’s correlation analysis assessed the relationships between variables and reported influenza cases.Several machine learning models were used to predict trends in reported cases.Results:Correlation analysis showed that all four surveillance systems were related to influenza,with 27 variables correlated with daily reported cases.The Long Short-Term Memory model,established based on variables with the highest lagged correlations(5-day to 7-day lag)through combined surveillance systems,outperformed other models for 5-day forecasts(R2=0.92;mean absolute error=156.92;mean absolute percentage error=79.95%;root Mean Squared Error=292.33).Conclusions:Data from various surveillance systems effectively track influenza epidemics.The model shows potential for infectious disease surveillance and epidemic preparedness.展开更多
Monitoring glacier mass balance is crucial to managing water resources and also to understanding climate change for the arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia. This study extracted the inter-annual oscillations of...Monitoring glacier mass balance is crucial to managing water resources and also to understanding climate change for the arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia. This study extracted the inter-annual oscillations of glacier mass over Central Asia from the first ten principal components（S-PCs） of filtered variability via multichannel singular spectral analysis（MSSA）, based on gridded data of glacier mass inferred from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） data obtained from July 2002 to March 2015. Two significant cycles of glacier mass balance oscillations were identified. The first cycle with a period of 6.1-year accounted for 54.5% of the total variance and the second with a period of 2.3-year accounted for 4.3%. The 6.1-year oscillation exhibited a stronger variability compared with the 2.3-year oscillation. For the 6.1-year oscillation, the results from lagged cross-correlation function suggested that there were significant correlations between glacier mass balances and precipitation variations with the precipitation variations leading the response of glacier mass balances by 9–16 months.展开更多
Passive surface-wave utilization has been intensively studied as a means of compensating for the short-age of low-frequency information in active surface-wave measurement, In general, passive surface-wave methods cann...Passive surface-wave utilization has been intensively studied as a means of compensating for the short-age of low-frequency information in active surface-wave measurement, In general, passive surface-wave methods cannot provide phase velocities up to several tens of hertz; thus, active surface-wave methods are often required in order to increase the frequency range, To reduce the amount of field work, we pro-pose a strategy for a high-frequency passive surface-wave survey that imposes active sources during con-tinuous passive surface-wave observation; we call our strategy ＂mixed-source surface-wave （MSW） measurement,＂ Short-duration （within 10 min） passive surface waves and mixed-source surface waves were recorded at three sites with different noise levels： namely, inside a school, along a road, and along a railway, Spectral analysis indicates that the high-frequency energy is improved by imposing active sources during continuous passive surface-wave observation, The spatial autocorrelation （SPAC） method and the multichannel analysis of passive surface waves （MAPS） method based on cross-correlations were performed on the recorded time sequences, The results demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of the proposed method for high-frequency phase velocity analysis, We suggest that it will be constructive to perform MSW measurement in a seismic investigation, rather than exclusively performing either active surface-wave measurement or passive surface-wave measurement,展开更多
This paper presents the integration of seismic refraction and multichannel analysis of surface wave(MASW)measurements to investigate the anisotropy of P-and S-wave velocities.Additionally,synthetic forward modelling i...This paper presents the integration of seismic refraction and multichannel analysis of surface wave(MASW)measurements to investigate the anisotropy of P-and S-wave velocities.Additionally,synthetic forward modelling is presented as a tool for supporting seismic anisotropy studies.The geophysical measurements of cracks allowed to recognise the fracturing of a granite rock mass in a Paleozoic granite quarry(Strzegom,Poland)and a dolomite rock mass in a Triassic dolomite quarry(Podlesna,Poland).Application of the forward modelling supports the interpretation of seismic methods,simplifying data processing and verifying the final results based on data from difficult seismic conditions.As a result of direct measurements,two crack systems were determined in granite rock mass:NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE,and two in dolomite rock mass:NNE-SSW and NW-SE.Furthermore,the numerical results show the relationship between the highest values of P-and S-wave velocities and separated crack systems which allowed an unequivocal interpretation of the direction of stress,resulting in the deformations.The obtained information is promising to be helpful in mining exploration for optimising excavation works.展开更多
基金supported by Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation(SAST2023-075)。
文摘Multichannel signals have the characteristics of information diversity and information consistency.To better explore and utilize the affinity relationship within multichannel signals,a new graph learning technique based on low rank tensor approximation is proposed for multichannel monitoring signal processing and utilization.Firstly,the affinity relationship of multichannel signals can be acquired based on the clustering results of each channel signal.Wherein an affinity tensor is constructed to integrate the diverse and consistent information of the clustering information among multichannel signals.Secondly,a low-rank tensor optimization model is built and the joint affinity matrix is optimized with the assistance of the strong confidence affinity matrix.Through solving the optimization model,the fused affinity relationship graph of multichannel signals can be obtained.Finally,the multichannel fused clustering results can be acquired though the updated joint affinity relationship graph.The multichannel signal utilization examples in health state assessment with public datasets and microwave detection with actual echoes verify the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Scientific Foundation of China (Grant no. 41506085)the Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Land and Resources, China (Grant no. SHW [2014]-DX-12)the China Geological Survey Project (Grant no. DD20160213)
文摘When used with large energy sparkers, marine multichannel small-scale high-resolution seismic detection technology has a high resolution, high-detection precision, a wide applicable range, and is very flexible. Positive results have been achieved in submarine geological research, particularly in the investigation of marine gas hydrates. However, the amount of traveltime difference information is reduced for the velocity analysis under conditions of a shorter spread length, thus leading to poorer focusing of the velocity spectrum energy group and a lower accuracy of the velocity analysis. It is thus currently debatable whether the velocity analysis accuracy of short-arrangement multichannel seismic detection technology is able to meet the requirements of practical application in natural gas hydrate exploration. Therefore, in this study the bottom boundary of gas hydrates(Bottom Simulating Reflector, BSR) is used to conduct numerical simulation to discuss the accuracy of the velocity analysis related to such technology. Results show that a higher dominant frequency and smaller sampling interval are not only able to improve the seismic resolution, but they also compensate for the defects of the short-arrangement, thereby improving the accuracy of the velocity analysis. In conclusion, the accuracy of the velocity analysis in this small-scale, high-resolution, multi-channel seismic detection technology meets the requirements of natural gas hydrate exploration.
基金supported by Research Project of Science Fund No. 01-01-02-SF0338Science Fund No.01-01-02-SF0681 from Ministry of Science, Technologyand Innovation of Malaysia
文摘This paper shows the presence of noises and technique to reduce these noises during the surface wave analysis. The frequency-dependent properties of Rayleigh-type surface waves can be used for imaging and characterizing the shallow subsurface. Interference by coherent source-generated noise inhibits the reliability of shear-wave velocities determined through inversion of the phase velocities of Rayleigh waves. Among these interferences by non-planar, non-fundamental mode Rayleigh waves （noise） are body waves, scattered and non-source-generated surface waves, and highermode surface waves. For the reduction of noise, the filtering technique is implemented in this paper for the multichannel analysis of surface wave method （MASW）. With the de-noising technique during the MASW method, more robust and reliable outcome is achieved. The significance of this paper is to obtain pre-awareness about noises during surface wave analysis and take better outcomes with denoising performance in near surface soil investigations.
基金supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research grants No. 17-05-00989, No. 16-05-00753,NRU HSE and visiting grants positions at Paris observatory and Wuhan university for the first authorpartially supported by grants by NSF/IGFA Belmont Forum Project (Grant No. ICER-1342644)the Chinese Academy of Sciences/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams(Grant No. KZZD-EW-TZ-05)
文摘Earth＇s variable rotation is mainly produced by the variability of the AAM（atmospheric angular momentum）. In particular, the axial AAM component X_3, which undergoes especially strong variations,induces changes in the Earth＇s rotation rate. In this study we analysed maps of regional input into the effective axial AAM from 1948 through 2011 from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Global zonal circulation patterns related to the LOD（length of day） were described. We applied MSSA（Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis） jointly to the mass and motion components of AAM, which allowed us to extract annual, semiannual, 4-mo nth, quasi-biennial, 5-year, and low-frequency oscillations. PCs（Principal components） strongly related to ENSO（El Nino southern oscillation） were released. They can be used to study ENSO-induced changes in pressure and wind fields and their coupling to LOD. The PCs describing the trends have captured slow atmospheric circulation changes possibly related to climate variability.
文摘Radiochromic film with a dye incorporated into the radiation sensitive layer [Gafchromic EBT2, Ashland, Inc.] may be digitized by a color transparency scanner, digitally processed, and calibrated so that a digital image in units of radiation absorbed dose is obtained. A transformation from raw scanner values to dose values was developed based upon a principal component analysis of the optical densities of the red, green and blue channels of the color image of a dose of 0.942 Gy delivered by a Sr-90/Y-90 disk-shaped source. In the order of increasing eigenvalue, the three eigenimages of the principal component analysis contained, by visual inspection, 1) mainly noise;2) mainly a pattern of irregular streaks;and 3) most of the expected dose information along with some of the same background streaking that predominated in the second eigenimage. The combination of the second and third eigenimages that minimized the background streaking was converted into a transformation of the red, green and blue channels’ optical densities and applied to films with a range of doses from 0 to 63.7 Gy. The curve of dose vs. processed optical density was fit by a two-phase association curve. This processing was applied to a film exposed from its edge by a different Y-90 source in a configuration that was modeled by Monte Carlo simulation. The depth-dose curves of the measurement and simulation agree closely, suggesting that this approach is a valid method of processing EBT2 radiochromic film into maps of radiation absorbed dose.
基金supported by the STDF-IRD-AUF Joint Research Project No. 27755 provided by Egyptian Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF)the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program (DSFP) of King Saud University。
文摘This study aimed to set a computer-integrated multichannel spectral imaging system as a high-throughput phenotyping tool for the analysis of individual cowpea seeds harvested at different developmental stages. The changes in germination capacity and variations in moisture, protein and different sugars during twelve stages of seed development from 10 to 32 days after anthesis were nondestructively monitored. Multispectral data at 20 discrete wavelengths in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared regions were extracted from individual seeds and then modelled using partial least squares regression and linear discriminant analysis(LDA) models. The developed multivariate models were accurate enough for monitoring all possible changes occurred in moisture, protein and sugar contents with coefficients of determination in prediction R^(2) of 0.93, 0.80 and 0.78 and root mean square errors in prediction(RMSEP) of 6.045%, 2.236% and 0.890%, respectively. The accuracy of PLS models in predicting individual sugars such as verbascose and stachyose was reasonable with R~2 of 0.87 and 0.87 and RMSEP of 0.071%and 0.485%, respectively;but for the prediction of sucrose and raffinose the accuracy was relatively limited with R^(2) of 0.24 and 0.66 and RMSEP of 0.567% and 0.045%, respectively. The developed LDA model was robust in classifying the seeds based on their germination capacity with overall correct classification of96.33% and 95.67% in the training and validation datasets, respectively. With these levels of accuracy,the proposed multichannel spectral imaging system designed for single seeds could be an effective choice as a rapid screening and non-destructive technique for identifying the ideal harvesting time of cowpea seeds based on their chemical composition and germination capacity. Moreover, the development of chemical images of the major constituents along with classification images confirmed the usefulness of the proposed technique as a non-destructive tool for estimating the concentrations and spatial distributions of moisture, protein and sugars during different developmental stages of cowpea seeds.
基金ProjectsupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .2 96 730 5 ) theNaturalScienceFoundationofShandongProvince (No .Y99B0 1)andtheStateKeyLaboratoryFoundationofCrystalMaterial.
文摘On the basis of the computed results got by the Gaussian 94 package at B3LYP/6 311++G** level, the reaction mechanism of CH 3O radical with CO has been investigated thoroughly via the vibrational model analysis. And the relationships among the reactants, eight transition states, four intermediates and various products involved this multichannel reaction are elucidated. The vibrational mode analysis shows that the reaction mechanism is reliable.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFC2305103).
文摘Introduction:Public health surveillance is crucial for decision-making.Given the significant threat of influenza to public health,developing predictive models using multichannel surveillance systems is imperative.Methods:Data were collected from multichannel surveillance systems,including hospitals,search engines,and climatological and air pollutant surveillance systems,in a southern Chinese city from January 2023 to January 2025.Spearman’s correlation analysis assessed the relationships between variables and reported influenza cases.Several machine learning models were used to predict trends in reported cases.Results:Correlation analysis showed that all four surveillance systems were related to influenza,with 27 variables correlated with daily reported cases.The Long Short-Term Memory model,established based on variables with the highest lagged correlations(5-day to 7-day lag)through combined surveillance systems,outperformed other models for 5-day forecasts(R2=0.92;mean absolute error=156.92;mean absolute percentage error=79.95%;root Mean Squared Error=292.33).Conclusions:Data from various surveillance systems effectively track influenza epidemics.The model shows potential for infectious disease surveillance and epidemic preparedness.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB957703, 2013CB733301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41274025, 41174064)
文摘Monitoring glacier mass balance is crucial to managing water resources and also to understanding climate change for the arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia. This study extracted the inter-annual oscillations of glacier mass over Central Asia from the first ten principal components（S-PCs） of filtered variability via multichannel singular spectral analysis（MSSA）, based on gridded data of glacier mass inferred from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） data obtained from July 2002 to March 2015. Two significant cycles of glacier mass balance oscillations were identified. The first cycle with a period of 6.1-year accounted for 54.5% of the total variance and the second with a period of 2.3-year accounted for 4.3%. The 6.1-year oscillation exhibited a stronger variability compared with the 2.3-year oscillation. For the 6.1-year oscillation, the results from lagged cross-correlation function suggested that there were significant correlations between glacier mass balances and precipitation variations with the precipitation variations leading the response of glacier mass balances by 9–16 months.
文摘Passive surface-wave utilization has been intensively studied as a means of compensating for the short-age of low-frequency information in active surface-wave measurement, In general, passive surface-wave methods cannot provide phase velocities up to several tens of hertz; thus, active surface-wave methods are often required in order to increase the frequency range, To reduce the amount of field work, we pro-pose a strategy for a high-frequency passive surface-wave survey that imposes active sources during con-tinuous passive surface-wave observation; we call our strategy ＂mixed-source surface-wave （MSW） measurement,＂ Short-duration （within 10 min） passive surface waves and mixed-source surface waves were recorded at three sites with different noise levels： namely, inside a school, along a road, and along a railway, Spectral analysis indicates that the high-frequency energy is improved by imposing active sources during continuous passive surface-wave observation, The spatial autocorrelation （SPAC） method and the multichannel analysis of passive surface waves （MAPS） method based on cross-correlations were performed on the recorded time sequences, The results demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of the proposed method for high-frequency phase velocity analysis, We suggest that it will be constructive to perform MSW measurement in a seismic investigation, rather than exclusively performing either active surface-wave measurement or passive surface-wave measurement,
基金funded by the National Science Centre,Poland(NCN)(Grant No.2020/37/N/ST10/01486).
文摘This paper presents the integration of seismic refraction and multichannel analysis of surface wave(MASW)measurements to investigate the anisotropy of P-and S-wave velocities.Additionally,synthetic forward modelling is presented as a tool for supporting seismic anisotropy studies.The geophysical measurements of cracks allowed to recognise the fracturing of a granite rock mass in a Paleozoic granite quarry(Strzegom,Poland)and a dolomite rock mass in a Triassic dolomite quarry(Podlesna,Poland).Application of the forward modelling supports the interpretation of seismic methods,simplifying data processing and verifying the final results based on data from difficult seismic conditions.As a result of direct measurements,two crack systems were determined in granite rock mass:NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE,and two in dolomite rock mass:NNE-SSW and NW-SE.Furthermore,the numerical results show the relationship between the highest values of P-and S-wave velocities and separated crack systems which allowed an unequivocal interpretation of the direction of stress,resulting in the deformations.The obtained information is promising to be helpful in mining exploration for optimising excavation works.
