Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune ...Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune system,regulate the mucosal barrier function,and play an immune role by influencing the activity of intrinsic immune cells such as macrophages,dendritic cells and natural killer cells,as well as their differentiation and maturation;in terms of specific immune regulation,probiotics play a role in regulating the immunoglobulin level and the maturation of B cells.Probiotics can also regulate T-cell differentiation according to the condition of the body,thus regulating specific immunity.Many studies have focused on the role of probiotics in metabolism and nutrition,and the mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory role of probiotics have only been partially described.This review summarises the role of common probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in immunomodulation as well as their mechanisms,describing the currently known mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics in improving the host immune system.A deeper understanding of probiotics and their specific mechanisms of action will facilitate the use of probiotics for immunomodulation in clinical medicine,functional foods,and other areas.This will also contribute to the development and research of engineered probiotics,next-generation probiotics,and other new functional probiotics with immunomodulatory effects.展开更多
The interplay between gut microbiota and host health has attracted significant interest in the animal science community.Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis by supplementing probiotics to treat clinical conditions l...The interplay between gut microbiota and host health has attracted significant interest in the animal science community.Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis by supplementing probiotics to treat clinical conditions like calf diarrhea is an emerging area of research nowadays because of increased concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and drug residues in animal products.Probiotics reduce the incidence of calf diarrhea by increasing the gut microbiota diversity and richness with more commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that produce antimicrobial compounds,as well as modulating the immune response by increasing cytokines,Interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,and reducing tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),by increasing production of antibodies,especially immunoglobulin E(Ig E),also Ig G,differentiating naive Th lymphocytes(Tho)into Th1,hence stimulate innate immunity and prime the adaptive immune response.Specific probiotic strains of bacteria and yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)derived probiotics maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier.In this review,data are being organized to address the role of probiotics in treating calf diarrhea by modulating gut microbiota and stimulating an immune response against notorious pathogens,to present animal and veterinary scientists and nutritionists with a new concept to treat infectious diseases from the perspective of the gut microbiota,increasing animal health,performance,and welfare.In conclusion,health status and gut microbiome are strongly interlinked.Research data indicated a significant reduction in the incidence of diarrhea after probiotic administration.If interrelations between probiotics and existing gut microbiota are explored more quantitatively,novel antibiotic substitutes can emerge in the future.展开更多
Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and f...Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and functions performed by probiotics in the GM are increasingly at the centre of both scientific,medical,and pharmaceutical interest.It is now known that diet and probiotics can modify the GM,although in these situations there is a need for greater and more in-depth research regarding the methods and timing of treatment.However,the relationship between physical activity,GM,and probiotics is still largely unclear,as regards certain mechanisms between physical exercise and probiotics in humans.Discussion:In this study,we tried to demonstrate whether and how physical exercise was able to alter the composition of the microbiota and how probiotics can facilitate it.Therefore,alteration of the microbiota was considered in terms of both diversity and composition.Conclusions:The ones examined propose vastly different physical exercises,both in terms of timing and type of intervention itself,and the use of probiotics.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease indu...Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Whereas the use of probiotics is commonplace in commercial production of improved chicken strains,little is known about the impact of these live microbial feed additives in indigenous chickens in South Africa. This st...Whereas the use of probiotics is commonplace in commercial production of improved chicken strains,little is known about the impact of these live microbial feed additives in indigenous chickens in South Africa. This study investigated the effect of a multi-strain probiotic(containing Bacillus safensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Cupriavidus metallidurans, total bacteria number was 1.4 × 10~8 cfu/mL),administered via drinking water, on growth performance, blood parameters, and carcass and meat quality characteristics of Potchefstroom koekoek cockerels for a period of 12 weeks. A total of 140 fiveweek-old cockerels were randomly allocated to 4 experimental diets formulated to have similar energy and protein levels as follows: 1) negative control diet(CON;commercial chicken grower diet without both antibiotics and probiotics), 2) positive control diet(ANTIB;commercial chicken grower diet with antibiotics [0.05% Coxistac and 0.04% olaquindox] but no probiotics), 3) negative control diet plus 2.5 mL of probiotics per litre of water(PROB25) and 4) negative control with 5.0 mL of probiotics per litre of water(PROB50). There was a significant(P < 0.05) week and diet interaction effect on average weekly feed conversion efficiency. At 9 weeks of age, cockerels in PROB50 group had higher(P < 0.05) feed conversion efficiency than those in CON and ANTIB groups. However, 14-week-old cockerels in PROB50 group had lower(P < 0.05) feed conversion efficiency than those in ANTIB group. Treatments had no significant(P > 0.05) effect on overall feed intake, overall weight gain and haemato-biochemical parameters of cockerels. Gizzard and spleen weights were similar(P > 0.05) in PROB50, CON and PROB25 groups. Cockerels in PROB50 group had shorter(P < 0.05) small intestine than those in CON and PROB25 groups. Cockerels in PROB50 group had larger(P < 0.05) breast weight than those in PROB25 group.Cockerels in ANTIB and PROB50 groups had greater(P < 0.05) wing and thigh weights than those in CON and PROB25 groups. Shank weight was similar(P > 0.05) in PROB50, CON and ANTIB groups. Meat pH measured after 24 h of slaughter was the highest(P < 0.05) in CON and ANTIB groups followed by PROBO25 and PROB50 groups. Cockerels in CON group had lower(P < 0.05) cooking losses than those in ANTIB, PROB25 and PROB50 groups. It was concluded that probiotics can be used in place of prophylactic antibiotics in Potchefstroom koekoek cockerels.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their e...BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with sepsis.DATA RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(www.clinicaltrials.gov) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other outcomes.RESULTS: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving children.CONCLUSION: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.展开更多
Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhod...Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhodobacteraceae in shaping the shrimp gut microbiota is essential for optimizing probiotic application.This study investigated whether probiotics benefit shrimp health and fitness via the recruitment of Rhodobacteraceae commensals in the gut.Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced feed conversion efficiency,digestive enzyme activity,and immune responses,thereby promoting shrimp growth.Additionally,probiotics induced pronounced shifts in gut microbial composition,enriched gut Rhodobacteraceae abundance,and reduced community variability,leading to a more stable gut microbiome.Network analysis revealed that the removal of Rhodobacteraceae nodes disrupted gut microbial connectivity more rapidly than the removal of nonRhodobacteraceae nodes,indicating a disproportionate role of Rhodobacteraceae in maintaining network stability.Probiotic supplementation facilitated the migration of Rhodobacteraceae taxa from the aquatic environment to the shrimp gut while reinforcing deterministic selection in gut microbiota assembly.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that up-regulation of amino acid metabolism and NF-κB signaling pathways was positively correlated with Rhodobacteraceae abundance.These findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation enriches key Rhodobacteraceae taxa,stabilizes gut microbial networks,and enhances host digestive and immune functions,ultimately improving shrimp growth performance.This study provides novel perspectives on the ecological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on shrimp fitness.展开更多
Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiot...Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiota dysbiosis.This review aims to explore the role of the gut microbiota in FC in elderly individuals,analyze the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis,and evaluate the potential use of microecological agents,including probiotics and prebiotics,in modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating constipation symptoms.By integrating the latest research findings,this study seeks to provide new perspectives and intervention strategies for the management of FC in elderly individuals.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality.Disturbed gut microbiota and toxin accumulation are the main pathologic features of CKD.Current treatments are limited to those tha...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality.Disturbed gut microbiota and toxin accumulation are the main pathologic features of CKD.Current treatments are limited to those that alleviate renal impairment in CKD patients,but few interventions are available that specifically target the regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota.In this context,researchers urgently need new approaches that can significantly improve survival time and quality of life in these patients.In this review,we outline the involvement of the gut-kidney axis in kidney injury through disturbances of gut microbiota and dysregulation of endogenous metabolites,as well as the prominent contribution of gut microbiota in the discovery of CKD that can be used to prevent,diagnose,and treat CKD.Next,we describe several major metabolites associated with the host-gut microbiota that arise from the synthesis of microbial nutrient transformations and subsequent interactions with the kidney.Then,we summarize the role and potential targets of a compromised gut barrier in CKD.Finally,we discuss research advances in the prevention and treatments of CKD through probiotics modulation of gut microbiota structure to reduce enterogenous toxins and their maintenance of gut barrier function.A growing body of research suggests that intervention through probiotics may be a new and promising therapeutic strategy for CKD.展开更多
The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial p...The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial probiotic proper‑ties to protect yaks from intestinal diseases.After 16S rDNA matching,four strains of Lactobacillus fermentum(A4),Pediococcus pentosaceus(A3.4 and A1.2),and Pediococcus acidilactici(B1.9)were isolated from the intestinal tissues and content of healthy yaks.The results indicated that A4 was more tolerant to bile salt(0.3%),while A3.4 had better stability in an acidic(pH=3.0)environment.The results of the antibacterial activity test suggested that the isolates inhibited most pathogenic bacteria by up to 20%,except for A3.4,which inhibited Pasteurella and Staphylococcus aureus by more than 20%.Moreover,the results of the antioxidant test demonstrated that A4 and A3.4 had potent antioxidant activity.In addition,the drug sensitivity test revealed that the isolates were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics.In terms of safety,the isolates promoted growth,enhanced intestinal development,and protected the intestinal barrier without causing any adverse effects.In conclusion,LAB isolated from yak intestinal contents are potential probiotics with excellent antibacterial properties.展开更多
Microcystin-LR(MC-LR)is a highly toxic category of biotoxins that can damage eye development and retinal structure in zebrafish,while probiotics can largely benefit the function of the retina.Although they both act on...Microcystin-LR(MC-LR)is a highly toxic category of biotoxins that can damage eye development and retinal structure in zebrafish,while probiotics can largely benefit the function of the retina.Although they both act on the visual system,whether probiotics can alleviate the visual damage caused by MC-LR in fish and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear.In this study,we exposed adult zebrafish for 28 days at MC-LR concentrations of 0,2.20,and 22.00μg/L with or without the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the diet.MC-LR exposure alone resulted in structural damage to the retina and abnormal phototropic behavior,whereas L.rhamnosus could alleviate these damages.Biochemical analyses showed thatMCLR-induced abnormalities in apoptosis of ocular cells,retinal inflammatory responses,neurotransmission,and phototransduction were restored in the L.rhamnosus treatment group,indicating L.rhamnosus alleviated MC-LR-induced defects in the visual system and dysfunctions.This study underlines the defensive role of probiotics in protecting the host from environmental pollutants,which may provide guidance for the application of probiotics in aquaculture.展开更多
With the ongoing COVID-19,a significant increase in global depression rates has placed a considerable strain on healthcare systems.Conventional pharmaceutical methods have shown limitations in treating this rise in de...With the ongoing COVID-19,a significant increase in global depression rates has placed a considerable strain on healthcare systems.Conventional pharmaceutical methods have shown limitations in treating this rise in depression.Therefore,identifying new potential treatments for depression is crucial.Maintaining a balanced gut microbiota is vital for human health and immune system function due to its complex bidirectional relationship with the brain.Numerous studies have established a robust correlation between anxiety and depression disorders,as well as the composition of microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract,providing a fresh perspective.Adjusting the balance of gut microbiota may help alleviate depression symptoms.Probiotics,live microorganisms in the human gut,can improve the microbial community,help maintain homeostasis and stress resilience to remission in patients with depression.It is essential to explore how probiotics affect gut microbiota since their impact can differ between animal experiments and clinical trials.The variation in results may be attributed to factors like the probiotic type,administered dosage,and treatment duration.The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanisms by which probiotics affect gut microbiota,drawing from recent animal and clinical studies and observations on gut microbial ecology shifts.Additionally,this review will spotlight effective probiotic species for depression relief and discuss treatments centered on restoring gut microbial balance.Furthermore,it will also discuss the potential of probiotics on host microbiota in other organs to improve depressive symptoms and demonstrate the transient nature of the need for a more nuanced understanding of the safety and potential adverse effects of probiotics.展开更多
As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regu...As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regulations,including issues such as the inferior quality and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.In this study,95 non-duplicate commercial probiotic products for livestock were collected from different regions of China.Our findings revealed that the labeling compliance rate for Lactobacillus was the lowest,at just 11%,and approximately 33.3%of the products were contaminated with opportunistic pathogens containing various virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs).Isolates of Bacillus and Enterococcus from the products exhibited diverse clonal types and geographical dispersion,whereas certain Enterococcus exhibited close phylogenetic relationships to clones associated with human infectious diseases.Compared with Bacillus and Lactobacillus,Enterococcus exhibited a higher prevalence of ARGs.Specifically,the oxazolidine-resistance gene optrA,which is located on novel transferable plasmids,was found in one isolate of Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium).Using chicken models,we observed that the optrA-positive E.faecium disrupts the normal intestinal microbiota in chickens and alters the abundance of intestinal resistome and mobile genetic elements(MGEs).Furthermore,metagenomic analysis revealed that the optrA gene can be transferred via transposon IS1216E to commensal intestinal bacteria,including Enterococcus cecorum(E.cecorum),Enterococcus gallinarum(E.gallinarum),and Lactobacillus crispatus(L.crispatus)species.In summary,our study confirms that the probiotic products used in Chinese livestock production present problems such as non-compliance with good manufacturing practice(GMP)production standards and insufficient elucidation of the molecular genetic background of probiotic strains.The widespread use of low-quality Enterococcus strains containing various ARGs as probiotics could disrupt intestinal homeostasis and serve as a reservoir and source of ARGs.We emphasize the importance of carefully evaluating the use of Enterococcus strains as probiotics to avoid potential negative effects on livestock and human health.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetes is an epidemic condition affecting people globally with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.While various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are used,diabetes is still a n...BACKGROUND Diabetes is an epidemic condition affecting people globally with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.While various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are used,diabetes is still a non-treatable condition.Constant attempts are made to identify newer therapies that could support better management of the diabetes condition and improve overall quality of life.Numerous studies have supported the potential role of probiotics therapy in the diabetes condition.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of triple probiotic combination on glycaemic,metabolic,oxidative stress,and inflammatory parameters in the diabetic population.METHODS Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of the triple probiotic combination in diabetic patients were identified.The quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale while biasness between and within the studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias tool.Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software,and sensitivity analysis was performed using OpenMeta Analyst software.The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO(CRD42-024530999).RESULTS Five good-quality clinical trials were included.Low-to-moderate risk of bias was observed.Data from 300 participants were included(150 participants in both groups).Probiotics supplementation significantly improved glycaemic and insulin parameters(glucose level:-23.86 mg/dL;insulin level:-5.02μIU/mL;HOMA-IR:-1.82 score;QUICKI:+0.02 score;HOMA-B:-16.30 score;P<0.05 for all parameters),reduced oxidative stress and improved antioxidant parameters[TAC:+92.55 mmol/L;glutathione(GSH):+40.55μmol/L;nitric oxide(NO):+6.45μmol/L;malondialdehyde(MDA):-0.48μmol/L;hs-CRP:-2.24 mg/L;P<0.05 for all parameters except GSH],and improved lipid parameters(total cholesterol(TC):-3.43 mg/dL;triglycerides(TG):-4.26 mg/dL;low-density lipoprotein:-4.62 mg/dL;very low-density lipoprotein:-0.83 mg/dL;high-density lipoprotein(HDL):+1.83 mg/dL;TC/HDL ratio:-0.25;P<0.05 for HDL and TC/HDL ratio parameters)compared to the control group.CONCLUSION The combination of L.acidophilus,L.casei,and B.bifidum is effective in diabetic patients with cardio/renal complications.Further well-designed studies are warranted to support the results of current research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP)...BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.展开更多
Probiotic extracellular vesicles(pEVs)are biologically active nanoparticle structures that can regulate the intestinal tract through direct or indirect mechanisms.They enhance the intestinal barrier function in livest...Probiotic extracellular vesicles(pEVs)are biologically active nanoparticle structures that can regulate the intestinal tract through direct or indirect mechanisms.They enhance the intestinal barrier function in livestock and poultry and help alleviate intestinal diseases.The specific effects of pEVs depend on their internal functional components,including nucleic acids,proteins,lipids,and other substances.This paper presents a narrative review of the impact of pEVs on the intestinal barrier across various segments of the intestinal tract,exploring their mechanisms of action while highlighting the limitations of current research.Investigating the mechanisms through which probiotics oper-ate via pEVs could deepen our understanding and provide a theoretical foundation for their application in livestock production.展开更多
Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant prod...Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance.Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain(ADG).This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review,isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential.Results Parabacteroides distasonis,a strain closely associated with ADG,was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar(FAA)medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4.Wholegenome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P.distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,with the ability to produce propionate,acetate,and lactate.The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P.distasonis F4.An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen.Furthermore,an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves.Conclusions This study represents the first isolation of P.distasonis F4 from rumen,highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.展开更多
Intestinal drug-resistant pathogens,e.g.,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Typhimurium(S.Tm)and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli),frequently cause life-threatening infectious enteritis.Probiotic-based...Intestinal drug-resistant pathogens,e.g.,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Typhimurium(S.Tm)and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli),frequently cause life-threatening infectious enteritis.Probiotic-based therapy is a promising way to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens for treatment of infectious enteritis,but its colonizing and therapeutic efficacy after oral administration are limited.Here,we developed a facile therapeutic agent to treat infectious enteritis by co-assembly of the peptide nanodrug melittin-loaded MSN grafted by polysaccharide-binding protein(MMPB)with the famous probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum(Lac)and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(Bif).The nanodrug was composed of the antimicrobial peptide melittin and mesoporous silica nanoparticles exposing the artificial polysaccharide-binding protein.Owing to presence of the artificial protein on the MMPB surface,the nanodrug strongly bound and cross-linked the probiotic cells,forming the Lac+Bif+MMPB co-assembly.During co-incubation with the kanamycin-resistant E.coli strain(Ecka),the co-assembly strongly reduced the viability of Ecka,leading to the increase in the ratio of probiotic to Ecka from 1.6 to 9.2.After oral administration of the co-assembly to themice pre-colonized by Ecka,Lac+Bif+MMPB almost eliminated the kanamycin-resistant gene in the intestine,and led to 2-3-fold higher levels of the probiotic cells than the nanodrug MMPB or the combined probiotics Lac+Bif.More importantly,in the mice suffering from enteritis caused by drug-resistant S.Tm,the co-assembly remarkably recovered the mouse body weight,reduced intestine colonization of S.Tm cells,and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both serum and colons.This study realized the synthetic biology technique-mediated abiotic/biotic co-assembly for efficient treating infectious enteritis induced by drug-resistant pathogens.展开更多
In this study,we aimed to isolate potential Bacillus strains from the digestive tract of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Through morphological,biochemical,16S rDNA sequencing,and evolutionary relationship assessme...In this study,we aimed to isolate potential Bacillus strains from the digestive tract of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Through morphological,biochemical,16S rDNA sequencing,and evolutionary relationship assessments,we identified the isolated species as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AV5(OR647358),Bacillus subtilis AV7(LC781790),and Bacillus velezensis AV50(OR647359),designated as AV5,AV7,and AV50 strains,respectively.We evaluated their probiotic potential,including tolerance to high bile salt concentrations,low pH levels,and high temperatures,as well as their adhesion abilities(auto-aggregation and cell-surface hydrophobicity),antimicrobial activity,biosafety,compatibility,hemolytic activity,and antibiotic susceptibility.AV5,AV7,and AV50 strains exhibitedγ-hemolytic activity and resistance to low pH(1)and high bile salt concentrations(0.5%).They demonstrated higher viability after exposure to elevated temperatures(80℃,90℃,and 100℃)and increased cell surface hydrophobicity and autoaggregation.These strains showed positive compatibility,indicating their potential for multispecies use.Strains were susceptible to 17 out of 20 tested antibiotics,and displayed significant antimicrobial activity against Vibrio alginolyticus,Vibrio harveyi,Streptococcus iniae,and Streptococcus agalactiae.Therefore,AV5,AV7,and AV50 are promising probiotic candidates for enhancing the growth and health of aquatic animals,particularly in Nile tilapia(O.niloticus).展开更多
[Objective]The study aimed to develop microecological preparations for poultry as potential substitutes for certain antibiotics.[Method]Acid-producing bacteria were isolated and purified from chicken cecal chyme,follo...[Objective]The study aimed to develop microecological preparations for poultry as potential substitutes for certain antibiotics.[Method]Acid-producing bacteria were isolated and purified from chicken cecal chyme,followed by evaluation of their antibacterial properties and molecular biological identification.Additionally,their in vitro tolerance and safety were experimentally assessed.[Result]A lactic acid bacterium with notable antibacterial properties was isolated and identified as Lactobacillus plantarum.This strain exhibited inhibitory effects against the pathogenic indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with maximum inhibition zone diameters measuring 8.95 and 6.43 mm,respectively.In vitro tolerance tests demonstrated that this strain was capable of growth within a pH range of 4-8,tolerated bile salt concentrations between 0.10%and 0.30%,and adapted to simulated gastric and intestinal fluid environments.Safety test revealed that the strain exhibited no hemolytic activity and was deemed safe in mouse safety assessments.[Conclusion]A chicken-derived L.plantarum strain has been identified,exhibiting notable antibacterial activity,stress tolerance,probiotic efficacy,and safety.This strain holds significant potential and market prospects for the development of microecological preparations.展开更多
基金funded by Ausnutria-kabrita Research Fund(RS2022-14).
文摘Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune system,regulate the mucosal barrier function,and play an immune role by influencing the activity of intrinsic immune cells such as macrophages,dendritic cells and natural killer cells,as well as their differentiation and maturation;in terms of specific immune regulation,probiotics play a role in regulating the immunoglobulin level and the maturation of B cells.Probiotics can also regulate T-cell differentiation according to the condition of the body,thus regulating specific immunity.Many studies have focused on the role of probiotics in metabolism and nutrition,and the mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory role of probiotics have only been partially described.This review summarises the role of common probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in immunomodulation as well as their mechanisms,describing the currently known mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics in improving the host immune system.A deeper understanding of probiotics and their specific mechanisms of action will facilitate the use of probiotics for immunomodulation in clinical medicine,functional foods,and other areas.This will also contribute to the development and research of engineered probiotics,next-generation probiotics,and other new functional probiotics with immunomodulatory effects.
基金financial support from the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20230718)。
文摘The interplay between gut microbiota and host health has attracted significant interest in the animal science community.Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis by supplementing probiotics to treat clinical conditions like calf diarrhea is an emerging area of research nowadays because of increased concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and drug residues in animal products.Probiotics reduce the incidence of calf diarrhea by increasing the gut microbiota diversity and richness with more commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that produce antimicrobial compounds,as well as modulating the immune response by increasing cytokines,Interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,and reducing tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),by increasing production of antibodies,especially immunoglobulin E(Ig E),also Ig G,differentiating naive Th lymphocytes(Tho)into Th1,hence stimulate innate immunity and prime the adaptive immune response.Specific probiotic strains of bacteria and yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)derived probiotics maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier.In this review,data are being organized to address the role of probiotics in treating calf diarrhea by modulating gut microbiota and stimulating an immune response against notorious pathogens,to present animal and veterinary scientists and nutritionists with a new concept to treat infectious diseases from the perspective of the gut microbiota,increasing animal health,performance,and welfare.In conclusion,health status and gut microbiome are strongly interlinked.Research data indicated a significant reduction in the incidence of diarrhea after probiotic administration.If interrelations between probiotics and existing gut microbiota are explored more quantitatively,novel antibiotic substitutes can emerge in the future.
文摘Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and functions performed by probiotics in the GM are increasingly at the centre of both scientific,medical,and pharmaceutical interest.It is now known that diet and probiotics can modify the GM,although in these situations there is a need for greater and more in-depth research regarding the methods and timing of treatment.However,the relationship between physical activity,GM,and probiotics is still largely unclear,as regards certain mechanisms between physical exercise and probiotics in humans.Discussion:In this study,we tried to demonstrate whether and how physical exercise was able to alter the composition of the microbiota and how probiotics can facilitate it.Therefore,alteration of the microbiota was considered in terms of both diversity and composition.Conclusions:The ones examined propose vastly different physical exercises,both in terms of timing and type of intervention itself,and the use of probiotics.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.20242BAB26134(to XF)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82060638(to TC),82060222(to XF),82460237(to XF)+1 种基金the Major Disciplines of Academic and Technical Leaders Project of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20194BCJ22032(to TC),20213BCJL22049(to XF)Science and Technology Plan of Jiangxi Health Planning Committee,No.202210390(to XF).
文摘Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
基金The financial assistance from the Organization for Women in Science for Developing World (OWSD)and the Carnegie Cooperation of New York through the Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture(RUFORUM)
文摘Whereas the use of probiotics is commonplace in commercial production of improved chicken strains,little is known about the impact of these live microbial feed additives in indigenous chickens in South Africa. This study investigated the effect of a multi-strain probiotic(containing Bacillus safensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Cupriavidus metallidurans, total bacteria number was 1.4 × 10~8 cfu/mL),administered via drinking water, on growth performance, blood parameters, and carcass and meat quality characteristics of Potchefstroom koekoek cockerels for a period of 12 weeks. A total of 140 fiveweek-old cockerels were randomly allocated to 4 experimental diets formulated to have similar energy and protein levels as follows: 1) negative control diet(CON;commercial chicken grower diet without both antibiotics and probiotics), 2) positive control diet(ANTIB;commercial chicken grower diet with antibiotics [0.05% Coxistac and 0.04% olaquindox] but no probiotics), 3) negative control diet plus 2.5 mL of probiotics per litre of water(PROB25) and 4) negative control with 5.0 mL of probiotics per litre of water(PROB50). There was a significant(P < 0.05) week and diet interaction effect on average weekly feed conversion efficiency. At 9 weeks of age, cockerels in PROB50 group had higher(P < 0.05) feed conversion efficiency than those in CON and ANTIB groups. However, 14-week-old cockerels in PROB50 group had lower(P < 0.05) feed conversion efficiency than those in ANTIB group. Treatments had no significant(P > 0.05) effect on overall feed intake, overall weight gain and haemato-biochemical parameters of cockerels. Gizzard and spleen weights were similar(P > 0.05) in PROB50, CON and PROB25 groups. Cockerels in PROB50 group had shorter(P < 0.05) small intestine than those in CON and PROB25 groups. Cockerels in PROB50 group had larger(P < 0.05) breast weight than those in PROB25 group.Cockerels in ANTIB and PROB50 groups had greater(P < 0.05) wing and thigh weights than those in CON and PROB25 groups. Shank weight was similar(P > 0.05) in PROB50, CON and ANTIB groups. Meat pH measured after 24 h of slaughter was the highest(P < 0.05) in CON and ANTIB groups followed by PROBO25 and PROB50 groups. Cockerels in CON group had lower(P < 0.05) cooking losses than those in ANTIB, PROB25 and PROB50 groups. It was concluded that probiotics can be used in place of prophylactic antibiotics in Potchefstroom koekoek cockerels.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-B-109)Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-020)。
文摘BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with sepsis.DATA RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(www.clinicaltrials.gov) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other outcomes.RESULTS: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving children.CONCLUSION: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371596)Key Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Z25C030002)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Yongjiang 2035 Key Research and Development Project of Ningbo(2024Z279)One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project(HZ202404)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhodobacteraceae in shaping the shrimp gut microbiota is essential for optimizing probiotic application.This study investigated whether probiotics benefit shrimp health and fitness via the recruitment of Rhodobacteraceae commensals in the gut.Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced feed conversion efficiency,digestive enzyme activity,and immune responses,thereby promoting shrimp growth.Additionally,probiotics induced pronounced shifts in gut microbial composition,enriched gut Rhodobacteraceae abundance,and reduced community variability,leading to a more stable gut microbiome.Network analysis revealed that the removal of Rhodobacteraceae nodes disrupted gut microbial connectivity more rapidly than the removal of nonRhodobacteraceae nodes,indicating a disproportionate role of Rhodobacteraceae in maintaining network stability.Probiotic supplementation facilitated the migration of Rhodobacteraceae taxa from the aquatic environment to the shrimp gut while reinforcing deterministic selection in gut microbiota assembly.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that up-regulation of amino acid metabolism and NF-κB signaling pathways was positively correlated with Rhodobacteraceae abundance.These findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation enriches key Rhodobacteraceae taxa,stabilizes gut microbial networks,and enhances host digestive and immune functions,ultimately improving shrimp growth performance.This study provides novel perspectives on the ecological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on shrimp fitness.
文摘Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiota dysbiosis.This review aims to explore the role of the gut microbiota in FC in elderly individuals,analyze the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis,and evaluate the potential use of microecological agents,including probiotics and prebiotics,in modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating constipation symptoms.By integrating the latest research findings,this study seeks to provide new perspectives and intervention strategies for the management of FC in elderly individuals.
基金supported by the Shandong Taishan Industry Leading Talent Project(LJNY202101)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(202313041)Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project(QDBSH20220202059).
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality.Disturbed gut microbiota and toxin accumulation are the main pathologic features of CKD.Current treatments are limited to those that alleviate renal impairment in CKD patients,but few interventions are available that specifically target the regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota.In this context,researchers urgently need new approaches that can significantly improve survival time and quality of life in these patients.In this review,we outline the involvement of the gut-kidney axis in kidney injury through disturbances of gut microbiota and dysregulation of endogenous metabolites,as well as the prominent contribution of gut microbiota in the discovery of CKD that can be used to prevent,diagnose,and treat CKD.Next,we describe several major metabolites associated with the host-gut microbiota that arise from the synthesis of microbial nutrient transformations and subsequent interactions with the kidney.Then,we summarize the role and potential targets of a compromised gut barrier in CKD.Finally,we discuss research advances in the prevention and treatments of CKD through probiotics modulation of gut microbiota structure to reduce enterogenous toxins and their maintenance of gut barrier function.A growing body of research suggests that intervention through probiotics may be a new and promising therapeutic strategy for CKD.
基金supported by the Key Project of Tibet Autonomous Region(XZ202001ZY0044NXZ202101ZD0002N-05).
文摘The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial probiotic proper‑ties to protect yaks from intestinal diseases.After 16S rDNA matching,four strains of Lactobacillus fermentum(A4),Pediococcus pentosaceus(A3.4 and A1.2),and Pediococcus acidilactici(B1.9)were isolated from the intestinal tissues and content of healthy yaks.The results indicated that A4 was more tolerant to bile salt(0.3%),while A3.4 had better stability in an acidic(pH=3.0)environment.The results of the antibacterial activity test suggested that the isolates inhibited most pathogenic bacteria by up to 20%,except for A3.4,which inhibited Pasteurella and Staphylococcus aureus by more than 20%.Moreover,the results of the antioxidant test demonstrated that A4 and A3.4 had potent antioxidant activity.In addition,the drug sensitivity test revealed that the isolates were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics.In terms of safety,the isolates promoted growth,enhanced intestinal development,and protected the intestinal barrier without causing any adverse effects.In conclusion,LAB isolated from yak intestinal contents are potential probiotics with excellent antibacterial properties.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD2400900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171619 and 32201388)+2 种基金the Youth project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2021CFB243)Hubei Province Excellent Young and Middle aged Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(No.T2022028)the Youth Talent Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(No.Q20212503)。
文摘Microcystin-LR(MC-LR)is a highly toxic category of biotoxins that can damage eye development and retinal structure in zebrafish,while probiotics can largely benefit the function of the retina.Although they both act on the visual system,whether probiotics can alleviate the visual damage caused by MC-LR in fish and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear.In this study,we exposed adult zebrafish for 28 days at MC-LR concentrations of 0,2.20,and 22.00μg/L with or without the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the diet.MC-LR exposure alone resulted in structural damage to the retina and abnormal phototropic behavior,whereas L.rhamnosus could alleviate these damages.Biochemical analyses showed thatMCLR-induced abnormalities in apoptosis of ocular cells,retinal inflammatory responses,neurotransmission,and phototransduction were restored in the L.rhamnosus treatment group,indicating L.rhamnosus alleviated MC-LR-induced defects in the visual system and dysfunctions.This study underlines the defensive role of probiotics in protecting the host from environmental pollutants,which may provide guidance for the application of probiotics in aquaculture.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Youth Fund of China(32302107)Guangdong Seed Industry Revitalization Project(2022-WPY-00-008).
文摘With the ongoing COVID-19,a significant increase in global depression rates has placed a considerable strain on healthcare systems.Conventional pharmaceutical methods have shown limitations in treating this rise in depression.Therefore,identifying new potential treatments for depression is crucial.Maintaining a balanced gut microbiota is vital for human health and immune system function due to its complex bidirectional relationship with the brain.Numerous studies have established a robust correlation between anxiety and depression disorders,as well as the composition of microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract,providing a fresh perspective.Adjusting the balance of gut microbiota may help alleviate depression symptoms.Probiotics,live microorganisms in the human gut,can improve the microbial community,help maintain homeostasis and stress resilience to remission in patients with depression.It is essential to explore how probiotics affect gut microbiota since their impact can differ between animal experiments and clinical trials.The variation in results may be attributed to factors like the probiotic type,administered dosage,and treatment duration.The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanisms by which probiotics affect gut microbiota,drawing from recent animal and clinical studies and observations on gut microbial ecology shifts.Additionally,this review will spotlight effective probiotic species for depression relief and discuss treatments centered on restoring gut microbial balance.Furthermore,it will also discuss the potential of probiotics on host microbiota in other organs to improve depressive symptoms and demonstrate the transient nature of the need for a more nuanced understanding of the safety and potential adverse effects of probiotics.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1800400)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(BK20220746).
文摘As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regulations,including issues such as the inferior quality and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.In this study,95 non-duplicate commercial probiotic products for livestock were collected from different regions of China.Our findings revealed that the labeling compliance rate for Lactobacillus was the lowest,at just 11%,and approximately 33.3%of the products were contaminated with opportunistic pathogens containing various virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs).Isolates of Bacillus and Enterococcus from the products exhibited diverse clonal types and geographical dispersion,whereas certain Enterococcus exhibited close phylogenetic relationships to clones associated with human infectious diseases.Compared with Bacillus and Lactobacillus,Enterococcus exhibited a higher prevalence of ARGs.Specifically,the oxazolidine-resistance gene optrA,which is located on novel transferable plasmids,was found in one isolate of Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium).Using chicken models,we observed that the optrA-positive E.faecium disrupts the normal intestinal microbiota in chickens and alters the abundance of intestinal resistome and mobile genetic elements(MGEs).Furthermore,metagenomic analysis revealed that the optrA gene can be transferred via transposon IS1216E to commensal intestinal bacteria,including Enterococcus cecorum(E.cecorum),Enterococcus gallinarum(E.gallinarum),and Lactobacillus crispatus(L.crispatus)species.In summary,our study confirms that the probiotic products used in Chinese livestock production present problems such as non-compliance with good manufacturing practice(GMP)production standards and insufficient elucidation of the molecular genetic background of probiotic strains.The widespread use of low-quality Enterococcus strains containing various ARGs as probiotics could disrupt intestinal homeostasis and serve as a reservoir and source of ARGs.We emphasize the importance of carefully evaluating the use of Enterococcus strains as probiotics to avoid potential negative effects on livestock and human health.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes is an epidemic condition affecting people globally with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.While various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are used,diabetes is still a non-treatable condition.Constant attempts are made to identify newer therapies that could support better management of the diabetes condition and improve overall quality of life.Numerous studies have supported the potential role of probiotics therapy in the diabetes condition.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of triple probiotic combination on glycaemic,metabolic,oxidative stress,and inflammatory parameters in the diabetic population.METHODS Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of the triple probiotic combination in diabetic patients were identified.The quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale while biasness between and within the studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias tool.Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software,and sensitivity analysis was performed using OpenMeta Analyst software.The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO(CRD42-024530999).RESULTS Five good-quality clinical trials were included.Low-to-moderate risk of bias was observed.Data from 300 participants were included(150 participants in both groups).Probiotics supplementation significantly improved glycaemic and insulin parameters(glucose level:-23.86 mg/dL;insulin level:-5.02μIU/mL;HOMA-IR:-1.82 score;QUICKI:+0.02 score;HOMA-B:-16.30 score;P<0.05 for all parameters),reduced oxidative stress and improved antioxidant parameters[TAC:+92.55 mmol/L;glutathione(GSH):+40.55μmol/L;nitric oxide(NO):+6.45μmol/L;malondialdehyde(MDA):-0.48μmol/L;hs-CRP:-2.24 mg/L;P<0.05 for all parameters except GSH],and improved lipid parameters(total cholesterol(TC):-3.43 mg/dL;triglycerides(TG):-4.26 mg/dL;low-density lipoprotein:-4.62 mg/dL;very low-density lipoprotein:-0.83 mg/dL;high-density lipoprotein(HDL):+1.83 mg/dL;TC/HDL ratio:-0.25;P<0.05 for HDL and TC/HDL ratio parameters)compared to the control group.CONCLUSION The combination of L.acidophilus,L.casei,and B.bifidum is effective in diabetic patients with cardio/renal complications.Further well-designed studies are warranted to support the results of current research.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(32272898).
文摘Probiotic extracellular vesicles(pEVs)are biologically active nanoparticle structures that can regulate the intestinal tract through direct or indirect mechanisms.They enhance the intestinal barrier function in livestock and poultry and help alleviate intestinal diseases.The specific effects of pEVs depend on their internal functional components,including nucleic acids,proteins,lipids,and other substances.This paper presents a narrative review of the impact of pEVs on the intestinal barrier across various segments of the intestinal tract,exploring their mechanisms of action while highlighting the limitations of current research.Investigating the mechanisms through which probiotics oper-ate via pEVs could deepen our understanding and provide a theoretical foundation for their application in livestock production.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFA1304200)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-04 and CAAS-ZDRW202305)the Beijing Innovation Consortium of Livestock Research System(BAIC05-2023).
文摘Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance.Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain(ADG).This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review,isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential.Results Parabacteroides distasonis,a strain closely associated with ADG,was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar(FAA)medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4.Wholegenome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P.distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,with the ability to produce propionate,acetate,and lactate.The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P.distasonis F4.An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen.Furthermore,an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves.Conclusions This study represents the first isolation of P.distasonis F4 from rumen,highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170102)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(25JCLMJC00400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(63253191).
文摘Intestinal drug-resistant pathogens,e.g.,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Typhimurium(S.Tm)and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli),frequently cause life-threatening infectious enteritis.Probiotic-based therapy is a promising way to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens for treatment of infectious enteritis,but its colonizing and therapeutic efficacy after oral administration are limited.Here,we developed a facile therapeutic agent to treat infectious enteritis by co-assembly of the peptide nanodrug melittin-loaded MSN grafted by polysaccharide-binding protein(MMPB)with the famous probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum(Lac)and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(Bif).The nanodrug was composed of the antimicrobial peptide melittin and mesoporous silica nanoparticles exposing the artificial polysaccharide-binding protein.Owing to presence of the artificial protein on the MMPB surface,the nanodrug strongly bound and cross-linked the probiotic cells,forming the Lac+Bif+MMPB co-assembly.During co-incubation with the kanamycin-resistant E.coli strain(Ecka),the co-assembly strongly reduced the viability of Ecka,leading to the increase in the ratio of probiotic to Ecka from 1.6 to 9.2.After oral administration of the co-assembly to themice pre-colonized by Ecka,Lac+Bif+MMPB almost eliminated the kanamycin-resistant gene in the intestine,and led to 2-3-fold higher levels of the probiotic cells than the nanodrug MMPB or the combined probiotics Lac+Bif.More importantly,in the mice suffering from enteritis caused by drug-resistant S.Tm,the co-assembly remarkably recovered the mouse body weight,reduced intestine colonization of S.Tm cells,and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both serum and colons.This study realized the synthetic biology technique-mediated abiotic/biotic co-assembly for efficient treating infectious enteritis induced by drug-resistant pathogens.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos U20A2065,32073006,and 32002426the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi under contract No.2020GXNSFAA297243+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under contract No.2021B0202040002the Science and Technology Plan of Guangdong Province under contract No.2023B0202010016the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Talent of Guangdong TeZhi Plan Talent under contract No.2023TQ07A888the Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhanjiang under contract Nos 2022A01012 and 2022A01006.
文摘In this study,we aimed to isolate potential Bacillus strains from the digestive tract of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Through morphological,biochemical,16S rDNA sequencing,and evolutionary relationship assessments,we identified the isolated species as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AV5(OR647358),Bacillus subtilis AV7(LC781790),and Bacillus velezensis AV50(OR647359),designated as AV5,AV7,and AV50 strains,respectively.We evaluated their probiotic potential,including tolerance to high bile salt concentrations,low pH levels,and high temperatures,as well as their adhesion abilities(auto-aggregation and cell-surface hydrophobicity),antimicrobial activity,biosafety,compatibility,hemolytic activity,and antibiotic susceptibility.AV5,AV7,and AV50 strains exhibitedγ-hemolytic activity and resistance to low pH(1)and high bile salt concentrations(0.5%).They demonstrated higher viability after exposure to elevated temperatures(80℃,90℃,and 100℃)and increased cell surface hydrophobicity and autoaggregation.These strains showed positive compatibility,indicating their potential for multispecies use.Strains were susceptible to 17 out of 20 tested antibiotics,and displayed significant antimicrobial activity against Vibrio alginolyticus,Vibrio harveyi,Streptococcus iniae,and Streptococcus agalactiae.Therefore,AV5,AV7,and AV50 are promising probiotic candidates for enhancing the growth and health of aquatic animals,particularly in Nile tilapia(O.niloticus).
基金Supported by Regional Development Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2022N3017).
文摘[Objective]The study aimed to develop microecological preparations for poultry as potential substitutes for certain antibiotics.[Method]Acid-producing bacteria were isolated and purified from chicken cecal chyme,followed by evaluation of their antibacterial properties and molecular biological identification.Additionally,their in vitro tolerance and safety were experimentally assessed.[Result]A lactic acid bacterium with notable antibacterial properties was isolated and identified as Lactobacillus plantarum.This strain exhibited inhibitory effects against the pathogenic indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with maximum inhibition zone diameters measuring 8.95 and 6.43 mm,respectively.In vitro tolerance tests demonstrated that this strain was capable of growth within a pH range of 4-8,tolerated bile salt concentrations between 0.10%and 0.30%,and adapted to simulated gastric and intestinal fluid environments.Safety test revealed that the strain exhibited no hemolytic activity and was deemed safe in mouse safety assessments.[Conclusion]A chicken-derived L.plantarum strain has been identified,exhibiting notable antibacterial activity,stress tolerance,probiotic efficacy,and safety.This strain holds significant potential and market prospects for the development of microecological preparations.
