With the development of fuel cells,multi-stack fuel cell system(MFCS)for high power application has shown tremendous development potential owing to their obvious advantages including high efficiency,durability,reliabi...With the development of fuel cells,multi-stack fuel cell system(MFCS)for high power application has shown tremendous development potential owing to their obvious advantages including high efficiency,durability,reliability,and pollution-free.Accordingly,the state-of-the-art of MFCS is summarized and analyzed to advance its research.Firstly,the MFCS applications are presented in high-power scenarios,especially in transportation applications.Then,to further investigate the MFCS,MFCS including hydrogen and air subsystem,thermal and water subsystem,multi-stack architecture,and prognostics and health monitoring are reviewed.It is noted that prognostics and health monitoring are investigated rarely in MFCS compared with previous research.In addition,the efficiency and durability of MFCS are not only related to the application field and design principle but also the energy management strategy(EMS).The reason is that the EMS is crucial for lifespan,cost,and efficiency in the multi-stack fuel cell system.Finally,the challenge and development potential of MFCS is proposed to provide insights and guidelines for future research.展开更多
Due to the constraints of manufacturing and materials,high-power plants cannot rely on only one solid oxide fuel cell stack.A multi-stack system is a solution for a highpower system,which consists of multiple fuel cel...Due to the constraints of manufacturing and materials,high-power plants cannot rely on only one solid oxide fuel cell stack.A multi-stack system is a solution for a highpower system,which consists of multiple fuel cell stacks.A short lifetime is one of the main challenges for the fuel cell before largescale commercial applications,and prognostic is an important method to improve the reliability of fuel cells.Different from the traditional prognostic approaches applied to single-stack fuel cell systems,the key problem in multi-stack prediction is how to solve the correlation of multi-stack degradation,which can directly affect the accuracy of prediction.In response to this difficulty,a standard Brownian motion is added to the traditional Wiener process to model the degradation of each stack,and then the probability density function of the remaining useful life(RUL)of each stack is calculated.Furthermore,a Copula function is adopted to reflect the dependence between life distributions,so as to obtain the remaining useful life for the whole multi-stack system.1 The simulation results show that compared with the traditional prediction model,the proposed approach has a higher prediction accuracy for multi-stack fuel cell systems.展开更多
At present,most fuel cell engines are single-stack systems,and high-power single-stack systems have bottlenecks in meeting the power requirements of heavy-duty trucks,mainly because the increase in the single active a...At present,most fuel cell engines are single-stack systems,and high-power single-stack systems have bottlenecks in meeting the power requirements of heavy-duty trucks,mainly because the increase in the single active area and the excessive number of cells will lead to poor distribution uniformity of water,gas and heat in the stack,which will cause local attenuation and reduce the performance of the stack.This paper introduces the design concept of internal combustion engine,takes three-stack fuel cell engine as an example,designs multi-stack fuel cell system scheme and serialized high-voltage scheme.Through Intelligent control technology of independent hydrogen injection based on multi-stack coupling,the hydrogen injection inflow of each stack is controlled online according to the real-time anode pressure to achieve accurate fuel injection of a single stack and ensure the consistency between multiple stacks.proves the performance advantage of multi-stack fuel cell engine through theoretical design,intelligent control and test verification,and focuses on analyzing the key technical problems that may exist in multi-stack consistency.The research results provide a reference for the design of multi-stack fuel cell engines,and have important reference value for the powertrain design of long-distance heavy-duty and high-power fuel cell trucks.展开更多
基金This paper is supported in part by funding from State Key Laboratory of Mechanical transmission in Chongqing University(No.:SKLMT-ZZKT-2022R02,No.:2022CDJDX-004 and No.:SKLMT-ZZKT-2022M085)Chongqing Postdoctoral Research Project(Special Grant:2021XM3107)the key technological research funding of Sichuan Province(2021YFG0071).
文摘With the development of fuel cells,multi-stack fuel cell system(MFCS)for high power application has shown tremendous development potential owing to their obvious advantages including high efficiency,durability,reliability,and pollution-free.Accordingly,the state-of-the-art of MFCS is summarized and analyzed to advance its research.Firstly,the MFCS applications are presented in high-power scenarios,especially in transportation applications.Then,to further investigate the MFCS,MFCS including hydrogen and air subsystem,thermal and water subsystem,multi-stack architecture,and prognostics and health monitoring are reviewed.It is noted that prognostics and health monitoring are investigated rarely in MFCS compared with previous research.In addition,the efficiency and durability of MFCS are not only related to the application field and design principle but also the energy management strategy(EMS).The reason is that the EMS is crucial for lifespan,cost,and efficiency in the multi-stack fuel cell system.Finally,the challenge and development potential of MFCS is proposed to provide insights and guidelines for future research.
基金supported by the State key R&D sub project(Grant No.2020YFB 1506002-03)the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2020YJ0109)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.ZYGX2019J060)the State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy(Grant No.KF2022)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2066202).
文摘Due to the constraints of manufacturing and materials,high-power plants cannot rely on only one solid oxide fuel cell stack.A multi-stack system is a solution for a highpower system,which consists of multiple fuel cell stacks.A short lifetime is one of the main challenges for the fuel cell before largescale commercial applications,and prognostic is an important method to improve the reliability of fuel cells.Different from the traditional prognostic approaches applied to single-stack fuel cell systems,the key problem in multi-stack prediction is how to solve the correlation of multi-stack degradation,which can directly affect the accuracy of prediction.In response to this difficulty,a standard Brownian motion is added to the traditional Wiener process to model the degradation of each stack,and then the probability density function of the remaining useful life(RUL)of each stack is calculated.Furthermore,a Copula function is adopted to reflect the dependence between life distributions,so as to obtain the remaining useful life for the whole multi-stack system.1 The simulation results show that compared with the traditional prediction model,the proposed approach has a higher prediction accuracy for multi-stack fuel cell systems.
文摘At present,most fuel cell engines are single-stack systems,and high-power single-stack systems have bottlenecks in meeting the power requirements of heavy-duty trucks,mainly because the increase in the single active area and the excessive number of cells will lead to poor distribution uniformity of water,gas and heat in the stack,which will cause local attenuation and reduce the performance of the stack.This paper introduces the design concept of internal combustion engine,takes three-stack fuel cell engine as an example,designs multi-stack fuel cell system scheme and serialized high-voltage scheme.Through Intelligent control technology of independent hydrogen injection based on multi-stack coupling,the hydrogen injection inflow of each stack is controlled online according to the real-time anode pressure to achieve accurate fuel injection of a single stack and ensure the consistency between multiple stacks.proves the performance advantage of multi-stack fuel cell engine through theoretical design,intelligent control and test verification,and focuses on analyzing the key technical problems that may exist in multi-stack consistency.The research results provide a reference for the design of multi-stack fuel cell engines,and have important reference value for the powertrain design of long-distance heavy-duty and high-power fuel cell trucks.
