Structural integrity of the flywheel of reactor coolant pump is important for safe operation of a nuclear power plant. A shrink-fit multi-ring flywheel is designed with a fall-off function, i.e., it will separate from...Structural integrity of the flywheel of reactor coolant pump is important for safe operation of a nuclear power plant. A shrink-fit multi-ring flywheel is designed with a fall-off function, i.e., it will separate from the shaft at a designed fall-off rotation speed, which is determined by the assembly process and the gravity. However, the two factors are ignored in the analytical method based on the Lame's equation. In this work, we conducted fall-off experiments to analyze the two factors and used the experimental data to verify the validity of the analytical method and the finite element method(FEM). The results show that FEM performs better than the analytical method in designing the falloff function of the flywheel, though FEM cannot successfully predict the strain variation with the rotational speed.展开更多
The acquisition,tracking,and pointing(ATP)system is widely used in target tracking,counter-UAV operations,and other related fields.As UAV technology develops,there is a growing demand to enhance the tracking capabilit...The acquisition,tracking,and pointing(ATP)system is widely used in target tracking,counter-UAV operations,and other related fields.As UAV technology develops,there is a growing demand to enhance the tracking capabilities of ATP systems.However,in practical applications,ATP systems face various design constraints and functional limitations,making it infeasible to indefinitely improve hardware performance to meet tracking requirements.As a result,tracking algorithms are required to execute increasingly complex tasks.This study introduces a multi-rate feedforward predictive controller to address issues such as low image feedback frequency and significant delays in ATP systems,which lead to tracking jitter,poor tracking performance,low precision,and target loss.At the same time,the pro-posed approach aims to improve the tracking capabilities of ATP systems for high-speed and highly maneuverable targets under conditions of low sampling feedback rates and high feedback delays.The method suggested is also characterized by its low order,fast response,and robustness to model parameter variations.In this study,an actual ATP system is built for target tracking test,and the proposed algorithm is fully validated in terms of simulation and actual system application verification.Results from both simulations and experiments demonstrate that the method effectively compensates for delays and low sampling rates.For targets with relative angular velocities ranging from 0 to 90°/s and angular accelerations between 0 and 470°/s^(2),the system improved tracking accuracy by 70.0%-89.9%at a sampling frequency of 50 Hz and a delay of 30 m s.Moreover,the compensation algorithm demonstrated consistent performance across actuators with varying characteristics,further confirming its robustness to model insensitivity.In summary,the proposed algorithm considerably enhances the tracking accuracy and capability of ATP systems for high-speed and highly maneuverable targets,reducing the probability of target loss from high speed.This approach offers a practical solution for future multi-target tracking across diverse operational scenarios.展开更多
This study investigates a consistent fusion algorithm for distributed multi-rate multi-sensor systems operating in feedback-memory configurations, where each sensor's sampling period is uniform and an integer mult...This study investigates a consistent fusion algorithm for distributed multi-rate multi-sensor systems operating in feedback-memory configurations, where each sensor's sampling period is uniform and an integer multiple of the state update period. The focus is on scenarios where the correlations among Measurement Noises(MNs) from different sensors are unknown. Firstly, a non-augmented local estimator that applies to sampling cases is designed to provide unbiased Local Estimates(LEs) at the fusion points. Subsequently, a measurement-equivalent approach is then developed to parameterize the correlation structure between LEs and reformulate LEs into a unified form, thereby constraining the correlations arising from MNs to an admissible range. Simultaneously, a family of upper bounds on the joint error covariance matrix of LEs is derived based on the constrained correlations, avoiding the need to calculate the exact error cross-covariance matrix of LEs. Finally, a sequential fusion estimator is proposed in the sense of Weighted Minimum Mean Square Error(WMMSE), and it is proven to be unbiased, consistent, and more accurate than the well-known covariance intersection method. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by highlighting improvements in consistency and accuracy.展开更多
随着新能源装机容量不断增长,电网一次调频能力随之减弱,飞轮储能技术有益于提升电网频率稳定性和可靠性。针对该问题,提出一种飞轮储能阵列参与电网一次调频的协调控制方法。首先,基于飞轮储能阵列荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)值对...随着新能源装机容量不断增长,电网一次调频能力随之减弱,飞轮储能技术有益于提升电网频率稳定性和可靠性。针对该问题,提出一种飞轮储能阵列参与电网一次调频的协调控制方法。首先,基于飞轮储能阵列荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)值对下垂控制系数进行改进,通过引入下垂附加系数和附加出力值来获得飞轮储能阵列所需的调频功率。然后,提出定时段功率比例负荷分配优化策略,基于飞轮单元SOC将飞轮分组,并按定时段功率比例对分组后的飞轮进行负荷分配,考虑最大出力约束以防止功率越限,在满足电网一次调频功率需求的前提下,保证各飞轮单元的负荷分配更加均衡。同时,设计一次调频结束后的飞轮单元SOC自恢复策略。最后,通过仿真案例对所提协调控制方法进行验证,并与传统的负荷分配策略进行对比,结果表明所提方法能够更合理地分配负荷给各飞轮单元,提高飞轮储能阵列能量利用率,更好地响应电网频率变化,有利于保障电网的安全稳定运行。展开更多
针对低惯量系统难以应对因高比例新能源接入引发的频率突变问题,提出一种考虑多类储能参与电力系统频率调节的协同控制策略。首先,通过低通滤波处理频率变化率信号,实现电化学与飞轮储能协调控制;再结合多类型储能协调控制模型、新能源...针对低惯量系统难以应对因高比例新能源接入引发的频率突变问题,提出一种考虑多类储能参与电力系统频率调节的协同控制策略。首先,通过低通滤波处理频率变化率信号,实现电化学与飞轮储能协调控制;再结合多类型储能协调控制模型、新能源出力波动及传统火电机组响应滞后特性,建立系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型;然后,构建储能系统参与第二道防线频率调整的控制策略模型,并制定差异化充放策略以平衡即时与长期调节需求;最后,在仿真平台进行验证,所提策略可使系统频率暂态恢复速度提升44.3%,有助于提升电力系统频率稳定性。展开更多
随着新型电力系统有功-频率耦合特性逐渐复杂化,传统单一储能并网调频策略给电力系统一次调频带来巨大压力,多类型储能组合参与一次调频模式及储能协同控制下的电网频率特性亟需研究。该文分别研究基于下垂控制的电化学储能与基于虚拟...随着新型电力系统有功-频率耦合特性逐渐复杂化,传统单一储能并网调频策略给电力系统一次调频带来巨大压力,多类型储能组合参与一次调频模式及储能协同控制下的电网频率特性亟需研究。该文分别研究基于下垂控制的电化学储能与基于虚拟同步机控制的飞轮储能的频率响应机理,在多类型储能参与电力系统一次调频时利用低通滤波环节对频率变化率信号进行处理,达到储能协调控制效果;接着,将多类型储能协调控制模型与包含新能源与传统火电的电力系统相结合,建立电力系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型,利用该模型量化分析储能相关参数对系统频率变化率和稳态频率偏差的影响,并进行参数灵敏度分析;最后,在Matlab/Simulink上搭建模型,验证多类型储能相关调频参数对系统频率特性的影响。研究证明,新型电力系统调频单元考虑多类型储能协调控制能够提升电力系统频率稳定性。展开更多
Traditional PID controllers are no longer suitable formagnetic-bearing-supported high-speed flywheels with significant gyroscopic effects. Becausegyroscopic effects greatly influence the stability of the flywheel roto...Traditional PID controllers are no longer suitable formagnetic-bearing-supported high-speed flywheels with significant gyroscopic effects. Becausegyroscopic effects greatly influence the stability of the flywheel rotor, especially at highrotational speeds. Velocity cross feedback and displacement cross feedback are used to overcomeharmful effects of nutation and precession modes, and stabilize the rotor at high rotational speeds.Theoretical analysis is given to show their effects. A control platform based on RTLinut and a PCis built to control the active magnetic bearing (AMB) system, and relevant results are reported.Using velocity cross feedback and displacement cross feedback in a closed loop control system, theflywheel successfully runs at over 20000 r/min.展开更多
This paper investigates the problem of two-stage extended Kalman filter （TSEKF）-based fault estimation for reaction flywheels in satellite attitude control systems （ACSs）. Firstly, based on the separate-bias princ...This paper investigates the problem of two-stage extended Kalman filter （TSEKF）-based fault estimation for reaction flywheels in satellite attitude control systems （ACSs）. Firstly, based on the separate-bias principle, a satellite ACSs with actuator fault is transformed into an augmented nonlinear discrete stochastic model; then, a novel TSEKF is suggested such that it can simultane- ously estimate satellite attitude information and actuator faults no matter they are additive or mul- tiplicative; finally, the proposed approach is respectively applied to estimating bias faults and loss of effectiveness for reaction flywheels in satellite ACSs, and simulation results demonstrate the effec- tiveness of the proposed fault estimation approach.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51576125)
文摘Structural integrity of the flywheel of reactor coolant pump is important for safe operation of a nuclear power plant. A shrink-fit multi-ring flywheel is designed with a fall-off function, i.e., it will separate from the shaft at a designed fall-off rotation speed, which is determined by the assembly process and the gravity. However, the two factors are ignored in the analytical method based on the Lame's equation. In this work, we conducted fall-off experiments to analyze the two factors and used the experimental data to verify the validity of the analytical method and the finite element method(FEM). The results show that FEM performs better than the analytical method in designing the falloff function of the flywheel, though FEM cannot successfully predict the strain variation with the rotational speed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.52275099).
文摘The acquisition,tracking,and pointing(ATP)system is widely used in target tracking,counter-UAV operations,and other related fields.As UAV technology develops,there is a growing demand to enhance the tracking capabilities of ATP systems.However,in practical applications,ATP systems face various design constraints and functional limitations,making it infeasible to indefinitely improve hardware performance to meet tracking requirements.As a result,tracking algorithms are required to execute increasingly complex tasks.This study introduces a multi-rate feedforward predictive controller to address issues such as low image feedback frequency and significant delays in ATP systems,which lead to tracking jitter,poor tracking performance,low precision,and target loss.At the same time,the pro-posed approach aims to improve the tracking capabilities of ATP systems for high-speed and highly maneuverable targets under conditions of low sampling feedback rates and high feedback delays.The method suggested is also characterized by its low order,fast response,and robustness to model parameter variations.In this study,an actual ATP system is built for target tracking test,and the proposed algorithm is fully validated in terms of simulation and actual system application verification.Results from both simulations and experiments demonstrate that the method effectively compensates for delays and low sampling rates.For targets with relative angular velocities ranging from 0 to 90°/s and angular accelerations between 0 and 470°/s^(2),the system improved tracking accuracy by 70.0%-89.9%at a sampling frequency of 50 Hz and a delay of 30 m s.Moreover,the compensation algorithm demonstrated consistent performance across actuators with varying characteristics,further confirming its robustness to model insensitivity.In summary,the proposed algorithm considerably enhances the tracking accuracy and capability of ATP systems for high-speed and highly maneuverable targets,reducing the probability of target loss from high speed.This approach offers a practical solution for future multi-target tracking across diverse operational scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62276204, 62203343)。
文摘This study investigates a consistent fusion algorithm for distributed multi-rate multi-sensor systems operating in feedback-memory configurations, where each sensor's sampling period is uniform and an integer multiple of the state update period. The focus is on scenarios where the correlations among Measurement Noises(MNs) from different sensors are unknown. Firstly, a non-augmented local estimator that applies to sampling cases is designed to provide unbiased Local Estimates(LEs) at the fusion points. Subsequently, a measurement-equivalent approach is then developed to parameterize the correlation structure between LEs and reformulate LEs into a unified form, thereby constraining the correlations arising from MNs to an admissible range. Simultaneously, a family of upper bounds on the joint error covariance matrix of LEs is derived based on the constrained correlations, avoiding the need to calculate the exact error cross-covariance matrix of LEs. Finally, a sequential fusion estimator is proposed in the sense of Weighted Minimum Mean Square Error(WMMSE), and it is proven to be unbiased, consistent, and more accurate than the well-known covariance intersection method. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by highlighting improvements in consistency and accuracy.
文摘随着新能源装机容量不断增长,电网一次调频能力随之减弱,飞轮储能技术有益于提升电网频率稳定性和可靠性。针对该问题,提出一种飞轮储能阵列参与电网一次调频的协调控制方法。首先,基于飞轮储能阵列荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)值对下垂控制系数进行改进,通过引入下垂附加系数和附加出力值来获得飞轮储能阵列所需的调频功率。然后,提出定时段功率比例负荷分配优化策略,基于飞轮单元SOC将飞轮分组,并按定时段功率比例对分组后的飞轮进行负荷分配,考虑最大出力约束以防止功率越限,在满足电网一次调频功率需求的前提下,保证各飞轮单元的负荷分配更加均衡。同时,设计一次调频结束后的飞轮单元SOC自恢复策略。最后,通过仿真案例对所提协调控制方法进行验证,并与传统的负荷分配策略进行对比,结果表明所提方法能够更合理地分配负荷给各飞轮单元,提高飞轮储能阵列能量利用率,更好地响应电网频率变化,有利于保障电网的安全稳定运行。
文摘针对低惯量系统难以应对因高比例新能源接入引发的频率突变问题,提出一种考虑多类储能参与电力系统频率调节的协同控制策略。首先,通过低通滤波处理频率变化率信号,实现电化学与飞轮储能协调控制;再结合多类型储能协调控制模型、新能源出力波动及传统火电机组响应滞后特性,建立系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型;然后,构建储能系统参与第二道防线频率调整的控制策略模型,并制定差异化充放策略以平衡即时与长期调节需求;最后,在仿真平台进行验证,所提策略可使系统频率暂态恢复速度提升44.3%,有助于提升电力系统频率稳定性。
文摘随着新型电力系统有功-频率耦合特性逐渐复杂化,传统单一储能并网调频策略给电力系统一次调频带来巨大压力,多类型储能组合参与一次调频模式及储能协同控制下的电网频率特性亟需研究。该文分别研究基于下垂控制的电化学储能与基于虚拟同步机控制的飞轮储能的频率响应机理,在多类型储能参与电力系统一次调频时利用低通滤波环节对频率变化率信号进行处理,达到储能协调控制效果;接着,将多类型储能协调控制模型与包含新能源与传统火电的电力系统相结合,建立电力系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型,利用该模型量化分析储能相关参数对系统频率变化率和稳态频率偏差的影响,并进行参数灵敏度分析;最后,在Matlab/Simulink上搭建模型,验证多类型储能相关调频参数对系统频率特性的影响。研究证明,新型电力系统调频单元考虑多类型储能协调控制能够提升电力系统频率稳定性。
文摘Traditional PID controllers are no longer suitable formagnetic-bearing-supported high-speed flywheels with significant gyroscopic effects. Becausegyroscopic effects greatly influence the stability of the flywheel rotor, especially at highrotational speeds. Velocity cross feedback and displacement cross feedback are used to overcomeharmful effects of nutation and precession modes, and stabilize the rotor at high rotational speeds.Theoretical analysis is given to show their effects. A control platform based on RTLinut and a PCis built to control the active magnetic bearing (AMB) system, and relevant results are reported.Using velocity cross feedback and displacement cross feedback in a closed loop control system, theflywheel successfully runs at over 20000 r/min.
文摘This paper investigates the problem of two-stage extended Kalman filter （TSEKF）-based fault estimation for reaction flywheels in satellite attitude control systems （ACSs）. Firstly, based on the separate-bias principle, a satellite ACSs with actuator fault is transformed into an augmented nonlinear discrete stochastic model; then, a novel TSEKF is suggested such that it can simultane- ously estimate satellite attitude information and actuator faults no matter they are additive or mul- tiplicative; finally, the proposed approach is respectively applied to estimating bias faults and loss of effectiveness for reaction flywheels in satellite ACSs, and simulation results demonstrate the effec- tiveness of the proposed fault estimation approach.
