The multi-radiation of X-rays was investigated with special attention to their energy spectrum in a Mather-type plasma focus device （operated with argon gas）. The analysis is based on the effect of anomalous resista...The multi-radiation of X-rays was investigated with special attention to their energy spectrum in a Mather-type plasma focus device （operated with argon gas）. The analysis is based on the effect of anomalous resistances. To study the energy spectrum, a four-channel diode X-ray spectrometer was used along with a special set of filters. The filters were suitable for detection of medium range X-rays as well as hard X-rays with energy exceeding 30 keV. The results indicate that the anomalous resistivity effect during the post pinch phase may cause multi-radiation of X-rays with a total duration of 300 ± 50 ns. The significant contribution of Cu-Kα was due to the medium range X-rays, nonetheless, hard X-rays with energies greater than 15 keV also participate in the process. The total emitted X-ray energy in the forms of Cu-K and Cu-K/3 was around 0.14 ± 0.02 （J/Sr） and 0.04 ±0.01 （J/Sr）, respectively. The total energy of the emitted hard X-ray （〉 15 keV） was around 0.12± 0.02 （J/Sr）.展开更多
The diversity of interlayers in shale oil reservoir leads to a low degree of vertical reconstruction.This paper aims to propose a method to guide the synchronous initiation of hydraulic fractures in different layers b...The diversity of interlayers in shale oil reservoir leads to a low degree of vertical reconstruction.This paper aims to propose a method to guide the synchronous initiation of hydraulic fractures in different layers by drilling multi-layer radial wells in spatial positions,and to form a fracture network that satisfies the vertical propagation range and complexity.In this paper,a 3D(three-dimensional)multi-layer radial well fracturing model considering fluid-mechanics coupling is established and the properties of shale oil reservoir are characterized according to the field geological profile.The influences of radial well spacing,fracturing fluid injection rate,and fracturing fluid viscosity on vertical fracture communication in multilayer radial wells are investigated.The results show that the radial well has the characteristics of guiding fracture penetrating interlayers.Reducing radial well spacing and appropriately increasing injection rate and viscosity are beneficial to improving vertical fracture propagation ability.However,high fracture fluid viscosity under the same displacement will lead to a significant increase in fracture aperture and weaken the total fracture area.In addition,if the stress interference around the radial wells is low,the radial well can be located in the middle of each layer to minimize the fracture height limitation.This study can provide a solution idea for vertical propagation limitation of hydraulic fractures in shale oil reservoir.展开更多
文摘The multi-radiation of X-rays was investigated with special attention to their energy spectrum in a Mather-type plasma focus device （operated with argon gas）. The analysis is based on the effect of anomalous resistances. To study the energy spectrum, a four-channel diode X-ray spectrometer was used along with a special set of filters. The filters were suitable for detection of medium range X-rays as well as hard X-rays with energy exceeding 30 keV. The results indicate that the anomalous resistivity effect during the post pinch phase may cause multi-radiation of X-rays with a total duration of 300 ± 50 ns. The significant contribution of Cu-Kα was due to the medium range X-rays, nonetheless, hard X-rays with energies greater than 15 keV also participate in the process. The total emitted X-ray energy in the forms of Cu-K and Cu-K/3 was around 0.14 ± 0.02 （J/Sr） and 0.04 ±0.01 （J/Sr）, respectively. The total energy of the emitted hard X-ray （〉 15 keV） was around 0.12± 0.02 （J/Sr）.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52074315 and 52122401)Moreover,the authors also thank the financial support from China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202306440033).
文摘The diversity of interlayers in shale oil reservoir leads to a low degree of vertical reconstruction.This paper aims to propose a method to guide the synchronous initiation of hydraulic fractures in different layers by drilling multi-layer radial wells in spatial positions,and to form a fracture network that satisfies the vertical propagation range and complexity.In this paper,a 3D(three-dimensional)multi-layer radial well fracturing model considering fluid-mechanics coupling is established and the properties of shale oil reservoir are characterized according to the field geological profile.The influences of radial well spacing,fracturing fluid injection rate,and fracturing fluid viscosity on vertical fracture communication in multilayer radial wells are investigated.The results show that the radial well has the characteristics of guiding fracture penetrating interlayers.Reducing radial well spacing and appropriately increasing injection rate and viscosity are beneficial to improving vertical fracture propagation ability.However,high fracture fluid viscosity under the same displacement will lead to a significant increase in fracture aperture and weaken the total fracture area.In addition,if the stress interference around the radial wells is low,the radial well can be located in the middle of each layer to minimize the fracture height limitation.This study can provide a solution idea for vertical propagation limitation of hydraulic fractures in shale oil reservoir.
