Composite water samples taken from Owena Multi-purpose Dam in six sampling campaigns covering the wet and dry seasons were analyzed for physico-chemical and microbial characteristics using standard methods for the exa...Composite water samples taken from Owena Multi-purpose Dam in six sampling campaigns covering the wet and dry seasons were analyzed for physico-chemical and microbial characteristics using standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater jointly published by the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variations in most measured parameters with few showing significant spatial variation. The characteristics of the water from the dam lake revealed an acceptable quality for most measured parameters with low chemical pollutants burden when compared with drinking water standards and water quality for aquaculture. However, high values of turbidity, colour, iron, manganese and microbial load were recorded compared with drinking water standards, which call for proper treatment of the water before distribution for public consumption.展开更多
Designing of a multi-purpose plant as one of the well-known manufacturing systems is more challenging than other manufacturing systems. This paper applies a stochastic colored Petri net (CPN) to design and analyze mul...Designing of a multi-purpose plant as one of the well-known manufacturing systems is more challenging than other manufacturing systems. This paper applies a stochastic colored Petri net (CPN) to design and analyze multi-purpose plants. A simple approach is proposed to determine the utilization of shared resources and to reduce the equipment’s idle times. Three scenarios are presented to describe the proposed model. Generally, according to desire of a decision maker, different scenarios can be considered in the model to achieve to the expected design or plant configuration. The main characteristics of the proposed model are flexibility, the easiness of practical application and the simulation of the model in an easy way.展开更多
The effect of the positive bias on Reynolds stress （RS） and its effect on the radial turbulent transport at the edge plasma （r/a =0.9） and scrape-off layer （SOL） region of plasma in tokamak are investigated. The...The effect of the positive bias on Reynolds stress （RS） and its effect on the radial turbulent transport at the edge plasma （r/a =0.9） and scrape-off layer （SOL） region of plasma in tokamak are investigated. The radial and poloidal electric fields （Sr, Ep） and ion saturation current （Is） are measured by multi-purpose probe （MPP）. This probe is fabricated and constructed for the first time in the IR-T1 tokamak. The most advantage of this probe is that the variations of Er and Ep can be measured in different radii at the single shot. Thus the information of different radii can be compared with high precision. The bias voltage is fixed at Vbias = 200 V and it has been applied with the limiter bias that is fixed in r/a = 0.9. Moreover, the phase difference between radial and poloidal electric fields, and temporal evolution of the RS .spectrum detected by MPP are calculated. RS magnitude on the edge （r/a = 0.9） is more than its value in the SOL （r/a = 1.02）. With the applied bias 200 V, ItS and the magnitude of the phase difference between Er and Ep are increased, while the radial turbulent transport is decreased simultaneously. Thus it can be concluded that RS affects radial turbulence. Temporal evolution of the RS spectrum shows that the frequency of RS is increased and reaches its highest value at r/a=0.9 in the presence of bias.展开更多
Aimed at current deficiencies of multi-purpose guided missile kill probability model against gunship, the concept of the important coefficient of vulnerability blade unit is proposed in this paper. Laser fuze actuatio...Aimed at current deficiencies of multi-purpose guided missile kill probability model against gunship, the concept of the important coefficient of vulnerability blade unit is proposed in this paper. Laser fuze actuation model and warhead condition kill probability model of rotor blades are established by Monte Carlo method and kinetics theory with new ideas. Based on limited data, armor thickness of gunship is estimated, and a complete multi-purpose guided missile kill probability mathematical model is established, which provides necessary mathematical tool for the accurate and objective analysis of multi-purpose guided missile kill probability against gunship. Based on the establishment of the model, sensitivity analysis and optimal design of the main factors of multi-purpose guided missile kill probability are conducted, and the results show that the single multi-purpose guided missile lethality performance can be improved significantly by sensitivity analysis and optimization.展开更多
All over the world,the management of End-of-life Vehicles(ELV) and Automobile Shredder Residue(ASR) is an increasing issue for the car industry.The setting up of several environmental directives,among others the notio...All over the world,the management of End-of-life Vehicles(ELV) and Automobile Shredder Residue(ASR) is an increasing issue for the car industry.The setting up of several environmental directives,among others the notion of extended producer responsibility,encourage car manufacturers to find alternatives solutions to waste disposal.For 2017,China aims for the recyclability and energy recovery of 95% of total weight of used cars,and in order to reach this rate,the development of some ASR thermal processes could be envisaged.With this research,an overview of ELV management was given and the different solutions about ASR thermal treatment were presented.It is showed that in spite of its big heterogeneity,the high heating value of ASR makes pyrolysis and gasification very interesting,compared to incineration or disposal of in landfills.展开更多
An easy and rapid method is proposed for the determination of PCBs in automotive shredder residues, using gas chromatography combined with low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is based on direct n-hexane solid...An easy and rapid method is proposed for the determination of PCBs in automotive shredder residues, using gas chromatography combined with low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is based on direct n-hexane solid-liquid extraction, subtracting background of the lineal aliphatic hydrocarbon interferences and integration of chromatographic peaks containing selected ion PCBs masses (256, 292 and 326 m/z), which are common in all PCBs formulations. Recoveries were in the 80% - 120% range;PCBs were detected and quantified in shredder samples from an automotive shredder industry, thus indicating the validity of the method.展开更多
Global climate change poses new opportunities and challenges for forestry development,and therefore developing multiple-purpose forestry is an important measure to strengthen forestry response to climate change.At pre...Global climate change poses new opportunities and challenges for forestry development,and therefore developing multiple-purpose forestry is an important measure to strengthen forestry response to climate change.At present,plantation in China ranks the world first in area,but with relatively low productivity.Constantly expanding forest area and improving forest management for enhancing multiple functions and purposes of plantations are the key measures to upgrade plantation capacity to mitigate and adapt to climate change,while afforestation subsidy is the fundamental guarantee for improving and giving play to multiple functions and characters of plantations.The paper employed investigation-based research,literature analysis and in-depth interviews to analyze the policies and practices that the world major countries implement in terms of afforestation subsidy in the context of climate change and to evaluate the impact and effect of afforestation subsidy on forestry development,which provides experiences and implications for China to institute and implement afforestation subsidy policy as soon as possible.Finally,the authors came up with policy recommendations in terms of principles,approaches,standard,fund sources and system set-up of China's afforestation subsidies,which are of important significance to facilitate the development of multi-purpose forestry under global climate change.展开更多
文摘Composite water samples taken from Owena Multi-purpose Dam in six sampling campaigns covering the wet and dry seasons were analyzed for physico-chemical and microbial characteristics using standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater jointly published by the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variations in most measured parameters with few showing significant spatial variation. The characteristics of the water from the dam lake revealed an acceptable quality for most measured parameters with low chemical pollutants burden when compared with drinking water standards and water quality for aquaculture. However, high values of turbidity, colour, iron, manganese and microbial load were recorded compared with drinking water standards, which call for proper treatment of the water before distribution for public consumption.
文摘Designing of a multi-purpose plant as one of the well-known manufacturing systems is more challenging than other manufacturing systems. This paper applies a stochastic colored Petri net (CPN) to design and analyze multi-purpose plants. A simple approach is proposed to determine the utilization of shared resources and to reduce the equipment’s idle times. Three scenarios are presented to describe the proposed model. Generally, according to desire of a decision maker, different scenarios can be considered in the model to achieve to the expected design or plant configuration. The main characteristics of the proposed model are flexibility, the easiness of practical application and the simulation of the model in an easy way.
文摘The effect of the positive bias on Reynolds stress （RS） and its effect on the radial turbulent transport at the edge plasma （r/a =0.9） and scrape-off layer （SOL） region of plasma in tokamak are investigated. The radial and poloidal electric fields （Sr, Ep） and ion saturation current （Is） are measured by multi-purpose probe （MPP）. This probe is fabricated and constructed for the first time in the IR-T1 tokamak. The most advantage of this probe is that the variations of Er and Ep can be measured in different radii at the single shot. Thus the information of different radii can be compared with high precision. The bias voltage is fixed at Vbias = 200 V and it has been applied with the limiter bias that is fixed in r/a = 0.9. Moreover, the phase difference between radial and poloidal electric fields, and temporal evolution of the RS .spectrum detected by MPP are calculated. RS magnitude on the edge （r/a = 0.9） is more than its value in the SOL （r/a = 1.02）. With the applied bias 200 V, ItS and the magnitude of the phase difference between Er and Ep are increased, while the radial turbulent transport is decreased simultaneously. Thus it can be concluded that RS affects radial turbulence. Temporal evolution of the RS spectrum shows that the frequency of RS is increased and reaches its highest value at r/a=0.9 in the presence of bias.
文摘Aimed at current deficiencies of multi-purpose guided missile kill probability model against gunship, the concept of the important coefficient of vulnerability blade unit is proposed in this paper. Laser fuze actuation model and warhead condition kill probability model of rotor blades are established by Monte Carlo method and kinetics theory with new ideas. Based on limited data, armor thickness of gunship is estimated, and a complete multi-purpose guided missile kill probability mathematical model is established, which provides necessary mathematical tool for the accurate and objective analysis of multi-purpose guided missile kill probability against gunship. Based on the establishment of the model, sensitivity analysis and optimal design of the main factors of multi-purpose guided missile kill probability are conducted, and the results show that the single multi-purpose guided missile lethality performance can be improved significantly by sensitivity analysis and optimization.
文摘All over the world,the management of End-of-life Vehicles(ELV) and Automobile Shredder Residue(ASR) is an increasing issue for the car industry.The setting up of several environmental directives,among others the notion of extended producer responsibility,encourage car manufacturers to find alternatives solutions to waste disposal.For 2017,China aims for the recyclability and energy recovery of 95% of total weight of used cars,and in order to reach this rate,the development of some ASR thermal processes could be envisaged.With this research,an overview of ELV management was given and the different solutions about ASR thermal treatment were presented.It is showed that in spite of its big heterogeneity,the high heating value of ASR makes pyrolysis and gasification very interesting,compared to incineration or disposal of in landfills.
文摘An easy and rapid method is proposed for the determination of PCBs in automotive shredder residues, using gas chromatography combined with low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is based on direct n-hexane solid-liquid extraction, subtracting background of the lineal aliphatic hydrocarbon interferences and integration of chromatographic peaks containing selected ion PCBs masses (256, 292 and 326 m/z), which are common in all PCBs formulations. Recoveries were in the 80% - 120% range;PCBs were detected and quantified in shredder samples from an automotive shredder industry, thus indicating the validity of the method.
基金funded by Special Research Program for Public-welfare Forestry:Development Model of Multi-purpose Forestry and its Monitoring&Evaluation System(200904005)
文摘Global climate change poses new opportunities and challenges for forestry development,and therefore developing multiple-purpose forestry is an important measure to strengthen forestry response to climate change.At present,plantation in China ranks the world first in area,but with relatively low productivity.Constantly expanding forest area and improving forest management for enhancing multiple functions and purposes of plantations are the key measures to upgrade plantation capacity to mitigate and adapt to climate change,while afforestation subsidy is the fundamental guarantee for improving and giving play to multiple functions and characters of plantations.The paper employed investigation-based research,literature analysis and in-depth interviews to analyze the policies and practices that the world major countries implement in terms of afforestation subsidy in the context of climate change and to evaluate the impact and effect of afforestation subsidy on forestry development,which provides experiences and implications for China to institute and implement afforestation subsidy policy as soon as possible.Finally,the authors came up with policy recommendations in terms of principles,approaches,standard,fund sources and system set-up of China's afforestation subsidies,which are of important significance to facilitate the development of multi-purpose forestry under global climate change.
