In this article,the multi-parameters Mittag-Leffler function is studied in detail.As a consequence,a series of novel results such as the integral representation,series representation and Mellin transform to the above ...In this article,the multi-parameters Mittag-Leffler function is studied in detail.As a consequence,a series of novel results such as the integral representation,series representation and Mellin transform to the above function,are obtained.Especially,we associate the multi-parameters Mittag-Leffler function with two special functions which are the generalized Wright hypergeometric and the Fox’s-H functions.Meanwhile,some interesting integral operators and derivative operators of this function,are also discussed.展开更多
Multi-parameter quantum estimation has attracted considerable attention due to its broad applications.Due to the complexity of quantum dynamics,existing research places significant emphasis on estimating parameters in...Multi-parameter quantum estimation has attracted considerable attention due to its broad applications.Due to the complexity of quantum dynamics,existing research places significant emphasis on estimating parameters in time-independent Hamiltonians.Here,our work makes an effort to explore multi-parameter estimation with time-dependent Hamiltonians.In particular,we focus on the discrimination of two close frequencies of a magnetic field by using a single qubit.We optimize the quantum controls by employing both traditional optimization methods and reinforcement learning to improve the precision for estimating the frequencies of the two magnetic fields.In addition to the estimation precision,we also evaluate the robustness of the optimization schemes against the shift of the control parameters.The results demonstrate that the hybrid reinforcement learning approach achieves the highest estimation precision,and exhibits superior robustness.Moreover,a fundamental challenge in multi-parameter quantum estimation stems from the incompatibility of the optimal control strategies for different parameters.We demonstrate that the hybrid control strategies derived through numerical optimization remain effective in enhancing the precision of multi-parameter estimation in spite of the incompatibilities,thereby mitigating incompatibilities between control strategies on the estimation precision.Finally,we investigate the trade-offs in estimation precision among different parameters for different scenarios,revealing the inherent challenges in balancing the optimization of multiple parameters simultaneously and providing insights into the fundamental distinction between quantum single-parameter estimation and multi-parameter estimation.展开更多
Based on waveform fitting,full waveform inversion(FWI)is an important inversion method with the ability to reconstruct multi-parameter models in high precision.However,the strong nonlinear equation used in FWI present...Based on waveform fitting,full waveform inversion(FWI)is an important inversion method with the ability to reconstruct multi-parameter models in high precision.However,the strong nonlinear equation used in FWI presents the following challenges,such as low convergence efficiency,high dependence on the initial model,and the energy imbalance in deep region of the inverted model.To solve these inherent problems,we develop a timedomain elastic FWI method based on gradient preconditioning with the following details:(1)the limited memory Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno method with faster convergence is adopted to im-prove the inversion stability;(2)a multi-scaled inversion strategy is used to alleviate the nonlinear inversion instead of falling into the local minimum;(3)in addition,the pseudo-Hessian preconditioned illumination operator is involved for preconditioning the parameter gradients to improve the illumination equilibrium degree of deep structures.Based on the programming implementation of the new method,a deep depression model with five diffractors is used for testing.Compared with the conventional elastic FWI method,the technique proposed by this study has better effectiveness and accuracy on the inversion effect and con-vergence,respectively.展开更多
Though atomic decomposition is a very useful tool for studying the boundedness on Hardy spaces for some sublinear operators,untill now,the boundedness of operators on weighted Hardy spaces in a multi-parameter setting...Though atomic decomposition is a very useful tool for studying the boundedness on Hardy spaces for some sublinear operators,untill now,the boundedness of operators on weighted Hardy spaces in a multi-parameter setting has been established only by almost orthogonality estimates.In this paper,we mainly establish the boundedness on weighted multi-parameter local Hardy spaces via atomic decomposition.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent bioc...Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.展开更多
Drug delivery systems(DDS)have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery.However,the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system(CNS)re...Drug delivery systems(DDS)have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery.However,the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system(CNS)remains a challenge mainly due to the obstruction from brain barriers.Immune cells infiltrating the CNS in the pathological state have inspired the development of strategies for CNS foundation drug delivery.Herein,we outline the three major brain barriers in the CNS and the mechanisms by which immune cells migrate across the blood–brain barrier.We subsequently review biomimetic strategies utilizing immune cell-based nanoparticles for the delivery of nanoparticles/drugs to the CNS,as well as recent progress in rationally engineering immune cell-based DDS for CNS diseases.Finally,we discuss the challenges and opportunities of immune cell-based DDS in CNS diseases to promote their clinical development.展开更多
The recent commercialization of gene products has sparked significant interest in gene therapy,necessitating efficient and precise gene delivery via various vectors.Currently,viral vectors and lipid-based nanocarriers...The recent commercialization of gene products has sparked significant interest in gene therapy,necessitating efficient and precise gene delivery via various vectors.Currently,viral vectors and lipid-based nanocarriers are the predominant choices and have been extensively investigated and reviewed.Beyond these vectors,polymeric nanocarriers also hold the promise in therapeutic gene delivery owing to their versatile functionalities,such as improving the stability,cellar uptake and endosomal escape of nucleic acid drugs,along with precise delivery to targeted tissues.This review presents a brief overview of the status quo of the emerging polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery,focusing on key cationic polymers,nanocarrier types,and preparation methods.It also highlights targeted diseases,strategies to improve delivery efficiency,and potential future directions in this research area.The review is hoped to inspire the development,optimization,and clinical translation of highly efficient polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery.展开更多
Bioactive molecules have shown great promise for effectively regulating various bone formation processes,rendering them attractive therapeutics for bone regeneration.However,the widespread application of bioactive mol...Bioactive molecules have shown great promise for effectively regulating various bone formation processes,rendering them attractive therapeutics for bone regeneration.However,the widespread application of bioactive molecules is limited by their low accumulation and short half-lives in vivo.Hydrogels have emerged as ideal carriers to address these challenges,offering the potential to prolong retention times at lesion sites,extend half-lives in vivo and mitigate side effects,avoid burst release,and promote adsorption under physiological conditions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in the development of bioactive molecule-loaded hydrogels for bone regeneration,encompassing applications in cranial defect repair,femoral defect repair,periodontal bone regeneration,and bone regeneration with underlying diseases.Additionally,this review discusses the current strategies aimed at improving the release profiles of bioactive molecules through stimuli-responsive delivery,carrier-assisted delivery,and sequential delivery.Finally,this review elucidates the existing challenges and future directions of hydrogel encapsulated bioactive molecules in the field of bone regeneration.展开更多
Four glycoluril-based amphiphilic molecular clips(AMCs)M1~M4 have been prepared for intracellular delivery of short DNA.M1~M4 have two methyl groups on its convex surface and four cations on its aromatic side arm,whic...Four glycoluril-based amphiphilic molecular clips(AMCs)M1~M4 have been prepared for intracellular delivery of short DNA.M1~M4 have two methyl groups on its convex surface and four cations on its aromatic side arm,which can be used to construct self-assembled nanoparticles in aqueous solution driven by hydrophobic interaction.Dynamic light scattering experiments show that M1 and M2 can be driven hydrophobically to aggregate into extremely stable nanoparticles in water at the micromolar concentrations.Fluorescence titration and zeta potential experiments support that the nanoparticles formed by M1 and M2 are able to efficiently encapsulate short DNA(sDNA).Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry studies reveal that their nano sizes enable intracellular delivery of the encapsulated sDNA into both normal and cancer cells,with delivery percentage reaching up to 94%,while in vitro experiments indicate that the two compounds have excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are widely used in situations with uncertain and risky areas lacking network coverage.In natural disasters,timely delivery of first aid supplies is crucial.Current UAVs face risks such as...Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are widely used in situations with uncertain and risky areas lacking network coverage.In natural disasters,timely delivery of first aid supplies is crucial.Current UAVs face risks such as crashing into birds or unexpected structures.Airdrop systems with parachutes risk dispersing payloads away from target locations.The objective here is to use multiple UAVs to distribute payloads cooperatively to assigned locations.The civil defense department must balance coverage,accurate landing,and flight safety while considering battery power and capability.Deep Q-network(DQN)models are commonly used in multi-UAV path planning to effectively represent the surroundings and action spaces.Earlier strategies focused on advanced DQNs for UAV path planning in different configurations,but rarely addressed non-cooperative scenarios and disaster environments.This paper introduces a new DQN framework to tackle challenges in disaster environments.It considers unforeseen structures and birds that could cause UAV crashes and assumes urgent landing zones and winch-based airdrop systems for precise delivery and return.A new DQN model is developed,which incorporates the battery life,safe flying distance between UAVs,and remaining delivery points to encode surrounding hazards into the state space and Q-networks.Additionally,a unique reward system is created to improve UAV action sequences for better delivery coverage and safe landings.The experimental results demonstrate that multi-UAV first aid delivery in disaster environments can achieve advanced performance.展开更多
Spores and pollen,as ubiquitous organisms found in nature,possess a remarkable core-shell structure and intricate surface morphology.These tiny particles are notable for their dimensional uniformity,sustainable utiliz...Spores and pollen,as ubiquitous organisms found in nature,possess a remarkable core-shell structure and intricate surface morphology.These tiny particles are notable for their dimensional uniformity,sustainable utilization,environmental friendliness,porosity,amphiphilicity,and strong adhesive properties.In addition,they display excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability,which significantly enhances the stability and targeting of drugs within the body.Spores and pollen can be extracted using methods such as acidic solutions,alkaline solutions,or enzyme treatments to obtain sporopollenin,which is an extremely resilient and chemically inert complex biopolymer.The sporopollenin extracted through this process removes the original bioactive substances,such as cell nuclei,enzymes,and DNA,providing greater drug loading capacity and containing no potential allergens or immunogens,thus further enhancing its drug loading capacity and improving safety in therapeutic applications.Due to these beneficial attributes,spores,pollen and sporopollenin have gained widespread use in a variety of drug delivery systems,such as targeted delivery,sustained drug delivery,toxicity mitigation,flavor masking,vaccine delivery,delivery of labile substances,and other applications.This review introduces the types of natural spores and pollen commonly used in drug delivery systems,including their main components,common effects,and uses in drug delivery systems,and so on.It subsequently summarizes novel optimization methods in their processing,such as physical treatment,surface modification,and chemical modification,which enable higher drug loading efficiency,stability,and targeting,among other benefits.Additionally,this paper reviews the research progress and applications of natural spores,pollen,and sporopollenin in drug delivery systems,while also touching on some innovative research content,such as novel nanomotor microcarriers developed based on pollen.Based on these research findings,we further elaborate on the advantages of spores,pollen,and sporopollenin in drug delivery systems.For example,they have high stability and drug loading capacity,good adhesion,excellent targeting,and are easy to modify functionally.Currently,they show promising prospects in the fields of targeted drug delivery,sustained-release drug delivery,as well as the delivery of drugs that are effective but slightly toxic,and are often used in research on the treatment of diseases such as cancer and inflammation.We have also highlighted the challenges they face in various applications and identified some issues that need to be addressed,including difficulties in largescale production,the need to improve extraction and purification processes,and the existence of a low but still noteworthy risk of allergies,in order to fully leverage their potential in drug delivery applications.According to current research,although spores,pollen,and sporopollenin face some unresolved issues in clinical drug delivery,they still have great potential overall and are expected to become a new generation of green drug delivery platforms.In the future,further research into their unique physical and chemical properties and structural characteristics will help develop more efficient and stable drug delivery systems to meet diverse treatment needs.We believe that continued exploration of natural spores,pollen,and sporopollenin will drive this emerging field to achieve continuous breakthroughs and progress,ultimately making an important contribution to the cause of human health.展开更多
Background: The maternal and neonatal morbidity caused by prolonged labour, maternal exhaustion and other factors push clinicians to speed up the delivery process by employing equipment such as vacuum suction or force...Background: The maternal and neonatal morbidity caused by prolonged labour, maternal exhaustion and other factors push clinicians to speed up the delivery process by employing equipment such as vacuum suction or forceps to save the newborn. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery (VAVD) and its associated short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes at Ndola Teaching Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study through the analysis of routine data for women with singleton-term pregnancies who delivered by vacuum compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery was done at a tertiary hospital for the years 2020 and 2021. Chi-square and Logistic regression were used to investigate factors of vacuum delivery and to adjust for potential confounders. Results: Results showed that VAVD was mostly performed in women who had delayed second stage of labour (25.4%), maternal exhaustion (16.0%), foetal distress in the second stage of labour (12.3%). The overall VAVD prevalence was 3.7% (581/15591). Logistic regression showed that multiparous women were noted to be 87.5% (aOR 0.125;95% CI 0.025 - 0.629;p = 0.012) less likely to undergo VAVD compared to nulliparous women. Registrars were almost 6 times (aOR 5.650;95% CI 1.458 - 22.222, p = 0.012) more likely to conduct VAVD compared to midwives. Episiotomy was 3 times (aOR 3.390;95% CI 1.185 - 9.524;p Conclusion: The findings indicate the underutilisation of VAVD at NTH based on the low prevalence of 3.7%. VAVD outcomes were affected by multiparity, skill level and Episiotomy procedure, in addition, VAVD influenced admission to the NICU. Hence, there is a need to increase skills in VAVD among first-line healthcare workers such as midwives and intern doctors.展开更多
Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision,effectiveness,and safety,improving patient outcomes and personalized care.Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are des...Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision,effectiveness,and safety,improving patient outcomes and personalized care.Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells,precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment(TME)and sparing normal cells.These nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation,and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs simultaneously.Despite these benefits,challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle therapies.Cell-based drug delivery systems(DDSs)that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between ligands and receptors have shown promise in selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticle and cell-based drug delivery system types used in cancer research.It covers approved and experimental nanoparticle therapies,including liposomes,micelles,protein-based and polymeric nanoparticles,as well as cell-based DDSs like macrophages,T-lymphocytes,dendritic cells,viruses,bacterial ghosts,minicells,SimCells,and outer membrane vesicles(OMVs).The review also explains the role of TME and its impact on developing smart DDSs in combination therapies and integrating nanoparticles with cell-based systems for targeting cancer cells.By detailing DDSs at different stages of development,from laboratory research to clinical trials and approved treatments,this review provides the latest insights and a collection of valuable citations of the innovative strategies that can be improved for the precise treatment of cancer.展开更多
Background: Birth weight has been identified as one of the most significant predictors of a child’s physical growth, development, and survival in later life. A quest to provide an answer on the impact of maternal ant...Background: Birth weight has been identified as one of the most significant predictors of a child’s physical growth, development, and survival in later life. A quest to provide an answer on the impact of maternal anthropometry on neonatal birth weight necessitated this study. Materials and methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive hospital based study that involved 130 participants selected using a systematic sampling method, utilizing a semi-structured, pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. Data were collected using a standard procedure and were summarized using proportions, and the Chi square test was used to explore the association between categorical variables. Predictors of birth weight were determined using logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was set at p Results: Participants had a mean age of 28.6 ± 5.1 years, mean weight of 72.2 ± 11.2 kg and mean height of 1.63 ± 0.07m while the mean fetal birth weight was 3.10 ± 0.56 kg. There was a significant association between maternal delivery body mass index and neonatal birth weight (p Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight and macrosomia in this study population was high. The focus should be geared towards balanced nutrition support for all mothers at booking so as to mitigate the risks associated with these extremes of birth weight.展开更多
The human retina,a complex and highly specialized structure,includes multiple cell types that work synergistically to generate and transmit visual signals.However,genetic predisposition or age-related degeneration can...The human retina,a complex and highly specialized structure,includes multiple cell types that work synergistically to generate and transmit visual signals.However,genetic predisposition or age-related degeneration can lead to retinal damage that severely impairs vision or causes blindness.Treatment options for retinal diseases are limited,and there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies.Cell and gene therapies are promising because of the efficacy of delivery systems that transport therapeutic genes to targeted retinal cells.Gene delivery systems hold great promise for treating retinal diseases by enabling the targeted delivery of therapeutic genes to affected cells or by converting endogenous cells into functional ones to facilitate nerve regeneration,potentially restoring vision.This review focuses on two principal categories of gene delivery vectors used in the treatment of retinal diseases:viral and non-viral systems.Viral vectors,including lentiviruses and adeno-associated viruses,exploit the innate ability of viruses to infiltrate cells,which is followed by the introduction of therapeutic genetic material into target cells for gene correction.Lentiviruses can accommodate exogenous genes up to 8 kb in length,but their mechanism of integration into the host genome presents insertion mutation risks.Conversely,adeno-associated viruses are safer,as they exist as episomes in the nucleus,yet their limited packaging capacity constrains their application to a narrower spectrum of diseases,which necessitates the exploration of alternative delivery methods.In parallel,progress has also occurred in the development of novel non-viral delivery systems,particularly those based on liposomal technology.Manipulation of the ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules within liposomes and the development of new lipid formulations have led to the creation of advanced non-viral vectors.These innovative systems include solid lipid nanoparticles,polymer nanoparticles,dendrimers,polymeric micelles,and polymeric nanoparticles.Compared with their viral counterparts,non-viral delivery systems offer markedly enhanced loading capacities that enable the direct delivery of nucleic acids,mRNA,or protein molecules into cells.This bypasses the need for DNA transcription and processing,which significantly enhances therapeutic efficiency.Nevertheless,the immunogenic potential and accumulation toxicity associated with non-viral particulate systems necessitates continued optimization to reduce adverse effects in vivo.This review explores the various delivery systems for retinal therapies and retinal nerve regeneration,and details the characteristics,advantages,limitations,and clinical applications of each vector type.By systematically outlining these factors,our goal is to guide the selection of the optimal delivery tool for a specific retinal disease,which will enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes while paving the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Wireless capsule endoscopy(WCE)has the potential to fully replace conventional wired counterparts for its low invasiveness.Recent studies have attempted to expand the functions of capsules toward this goal.However,lim...Wireless capsule endoscopy(WCE)has the potential to fully replace conventional wired counterparts for its low invasiveness.Recent studies have attempted to expand the functions of capsules toward this goal.However,limitations in space and energy supply have resulted in the inability to perform multiple diagnostic and treatment tasks using a single capsule.In this study,we developed a dual-functional capsule robot(DFCR)for drug delivery and tissue biopsy based on magnetic torsion spring technology.The delivery module was shown to rotate the push rod with a thrust of 894 mN to release approximately 0.3 mL of semisolid drug.The biopsy module used a built-in blade to cut tissue with a shear stress of 22.87 MPa,producing a sample of approximately 1.8 mm3.Additionally,a five-degree-of-freedom permanent magnet drive system was developed.By adjusting the strength of the unidirectional magnetic field generated by an external magnet,the capsule can be wirelessly controlled to sequentially trigger the two functions.Ex vivo tests on porcine stomachs confirmed the feasibility of the prototype capsule(12 mm in diameter and 45 mm in length)in active movement,medication,and tissue biopsy.The newly developed DFCR further expands the clinical application prospects of WCE robots in minimally invasive surgery.展开更多
This article provides a comprehensive review of various approaches to targeted drug delivery for liver cancer, an area of significant need due to the limited effectiveness of current treatments. The article begins by ...This article provides a comprehensive review of various approaches to targeted drug delivery for liver cancer, an area of significant need due to the limited effectiveness of current treatments. The article begins by highlighting the role of the liver in metabolism and discusses the high mortality associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The shortcomings of traditional chemotherapy, such as multidrug resistance and off-target effects, necessitate the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies, with a focus on targeted approaches. The review details both passive and active targeting strategies. Passive targeting leverages the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and unique features of the tumor microenvironment, while active targeting employs specific ligands, such as peptides, antibodies, and proteins, to bind to overexpressed receptors on liver and tumor cells. The article further details many examples of active targeting using the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), transferrin receptor (TfR), and folate receptor (FR) on hepatocytes and tumor cells, demonstrating that there has been significant research effort put into this field. The importance of non-parenchymal cells in the liver is also discussed, and the article examines methods of targeting Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells for therapeutic benefit. The review goes on to cover the emerging field of subcellular targeting, including specific strategies to target the nucleus, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus, noting that although there has been some progress, further research is needed in this area. The text finishes with a summary which acknowledges that while targeted therapies, including enzyme-activated prodrugs, such as Pradefovir, and other novel methods for drug delivery have shown significant promise, challenges remain in translating these therapies into clinical use due to limitations in understanding the sequential transport and the mechanisms of action. Ultimately, the article emphasizes the need for in-depth research to fully realize the potential of precision cancer therapies for liver cancer.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the delivery modes of women with repeat pregnancies involving uterine scars and their effects on both mothers and neonates.Methods:A study was conducted on 100 patients treated at Shenzhen Mat...Objective:To investigate the delivery modes of women with repeat pregnancies involving uterine scars and their effects on both mothers and neonates.Methods:A study was conducted on 100 patients treated at Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from July 2023 to July 2024.The participants were divided into a control group and an observation group,with 50 cases in each.The division was based on the indications for prior cesarean section,cervical maturity,postpartum complications,and thickness of the cesarean scar.The control group underwent cesarean delivery,while the observation group experienced vaginal delivery.The two groups were compared in terms of intrapartum blood loss,postpartum blood loss within 2 hours,length of hospital stay,Apgar scores at 1-minute post-birth,and incidences of neonatal fever and jaundice.Results:The observation group had significantly lower intrapartum blood loss,postpartum blood loss within 2 hours,and shorter hospital stays compared to the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the Apgar scores at 1 minute post-birth were significantly higher in the observation group(P<0.05).The incidence of neonatal fever and jaundice was significantly lower in the observation group(P<0.05).These differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:Vaginal delivery has high clinical value for women with repeat pregnancies involving uterine scars.It reduces maternal intrapartum and postpartum blood loss,shortens hospital stays,improves neonatal Apgar scores,and decreases the incidences of neonatal fever and jaundice.This method is worthy of clinical application and promotion.展开更多
The increasing rate of cesarean delivery has become a widespread concern worldwide, nearly half of which is due to previous cesarean deliveries, and elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD), which is the main option f...The increasing rate of cesarean delivery has become a widespread concern worldwide, nearly half of which is due to previous cesarean deliveries, and elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD), which is the main option for women who have a second pregnancy after cesarean section, is a major factor in this increase. The trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC) is considered to be the best method, and the safety and feasibility of TOLAC have been confirmed by numerous studies, but in clinical practice, there are many factors that make TOLAC unsuccessful. This article reviews the factors that influence the choice of delivery method after cesarean section as follows.展开更多
In recent years,adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)have emerged as leading vectors in gene therapy,with several FDA-approved treatments and ongoing clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in treating inherited re...In recent years,adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)have emerged as leading vectors in gene therapy,with several FDA-approved treatments and ongoing clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in treating inherited retinal diseases,hemophilia,and Duchenne muscular dystrophy,among others.However,AAV-based therapies still face challenges,including immune responses and side effects,due to high viral doses.To address these challenges,various strategies have been developed,such as creating new viral capsids,optimizing gene expression regulation,and improving delivery methods.Localized delivery is a promising direction,utilizing the tissue tropism of AAVs to reduce systemic side effects and lower the required viral dose,thus improving targeting and efficiency,especially for organs that are difficult to treat with conventional methods.These innovations have opened new pathways for the clinical application of AAVs.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various applications of AAVs,offer valuable insights for future research directions,and holds significant importance for researchers and clinicians in the field.As AAV therapy continues to evolve,this article emphasizes its transformative potential in treating genetic diseases,indicating the central role of AAV in the future of gene therapy.展开更多
基金Supported by The National Undergraduate Innovation Training Program(Grant No.202310290069Z).
文摘In this article,the multi-parameters Mittag-Leffler function is studied in detail.As a consequence,a series of novel results such as the integral representation,series representation and Mellin transform to the above function,are obtained.Especially,we associate the multi-parameters Mittag-Leffler function with two special functions which are the generalized Wright hypergeometric and the Fox’s-H functions.Meanwhile,some interesting integral operators and derivative operators of this function,are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12075323)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0300702).
文摘Multi-parameter quantum estimation has attracted considerable attention due to its broad applications.Due to the complexity of quantum dynamics,existing research places significant emphasis on estimating parameters in time-independent Hamiltonians.Here,our work makes an effort to explore multi-parameter estimation with time-dependent Hamiltonians.In particular,we focus on the discrimination of two close frequencies of a magnetic field by using a single qubit.We optimize the quantum controls by employing both traditional optimization methods and reinforcement learning to improve the precision for estimating the frequencies of the two magnetic fields.In addition to the estimation precision,we also evaluate the robustness of the optimization schemes against the shift of the control parameters.The results demonstrate that the hybrid reinforcement learning approach achieves the highest estimation precision,and exhibits superior robustness.Moreover,a fundamental challenge in multi-parameter quantum estimation stems from the incompatibility of the optimal control strategies for different parameters.We demonstrate that the hybrid control strategies derived through numerical optimization remain effective in enhancing the precision of multi-parameter estimation in spite of the incompatibilities,thereby mitigating incompatibilities between control strategies on the estimation precision.Finally,we investigate the trade-offs in estimation precision among different parameters for different scenarios,revealing the inherent challenges in balancing the optimization of multiple parameters simultaneously and providing insights into the fundamental distinction between quantum single-parameter estimation and multi-parameter estimation.
基金supported by the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(Grant No.2021QNLM020001)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC0605503C)+2 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)(Grant No.ZD2019-183-003)the National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation(Grant No.41922028)the National Innovation Group Project(Grant No.41821002).
文摘Based on waveform fitting,full waveform inversion(FWI)is an important inversion method with the ability to reconstruct multi-parameter models in high precision.However,the strong nonlinear equation used in FWI presents the following challenges,such as low convergence efficiency,high dependence on the initial model,and the energy imbalance in deep region of the inverted model.To solve these inherent problems,we develop a timedomain elastic FWI method based on gradient preconditioning with the following details:(1)the limited memory Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno method with faster convergence is adopted to im-prove the inversion stability;(2)a multi-scaled inversion strategy is used to alleviate the nonlinear inversion instead of falling into the local minimum;(3)in addition,the pseudo-Hessian preconditioned illumination operator is involved for preconditioning the parameter gradients to improve the illumination equilibrium degree of deep structures.Based on the programming implementation of the new method,a deep depression model with five diffractors is used for testing.Compared with the conventional elastic FWI method,the technique proposed by this study has better effectiveness and accuracy on the inversion effect and con-vergence,respectively.
文摘Though atomic decomposition is a very useful tool for studying the boundedness on Hardy spaces for some sublinear operators,untill now,the boundedness of operators on weighted Hardy spaces in a multi-parameter setting has been established only by almost orthogonality estimates.In this paper,we mainly establish the boundedness on weighted multi-parameter local Hardy spaces via atomic decomposition.
基金supported by the grants from University of Macao,China,Nos.MYRG2022-00221-ICMS(to YZ)and MYRG-CRG2022-00011-ICMS(to RW)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2023A1515010034(to YZ)。
文摘Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204634,82174047,81622051)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ22H280010)the Foundation of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(2021ZR03).
文摘Drug delivery systems(DDS)have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery.However,the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system(CNS)remains a challenge mainly due to the obstruction from brain barriers.Immune cells infiltrating the CNS in the pathological state have inspired the development of strategies for CNS foundation drug delivery.Herein,we outline the three major brain barriers in the CNS and the mechanisms by which immune cells migrate across the blood–brain barrier.We subsequently review biomimetic strategies utilizing immune cell-based nanoparticles for the delivery of nanoparticles/drugs to the CNS,as well as recent progress in rationally engineering immune cell-based DDS for CNS diseases.Finally,we discuss the challenges and opportunities of immune cell-based DDS in CNS diseases to promote their clinical development.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104082)Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2024-ZJ-911).
文摘The recent commercialization of gene products has sparked significant interest in gene therapy,necessitating efficient and precise gene delivery via various vectors.Currently,viral vectors and lipid-based nanocarriers are the predominant choices and have been extensively investigated and reviewed.Beyond these vectors,polymeric nanocarriers also hold the promise in therapeutic gene delivery owing to their versatile functionalities,such as improving the stability,cellar uptake and endosomal escape of nucleic acid drugs,along with precise delivery to targeted tissues.This review presents a brief overview of the status quo of the emerging polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery,focusing on key cationic polymers,nanocarrier types,and preparation methods.It also highlights targeted diseases,strategies to improve delivery efficiency,and potential future directions in this research area.The review is hoped to inspire the development,optimization,and clinical translation of highly efficient polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51925304)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC1023)Medical Research Program of Sichuan Province(Q23015).
文摘Bioactive molecules have shown great promise for effectively regulating various bone formation processes,rendering them attractive therapeutics for bone regeneration.However,the widespread application of bioactive molecules is limited by their low accumulation and short half-lives in vivo.Hydrogels have emerged as ideal carriers to address these challenges,offering the potential to prolong retention times at lesion sites,extend half-lives in vivo and mitigate side effects,avoid burst release,and promote adsorption under physiological conditions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in the development of bioactive molecule-loaded hydrogels for bone regeneration,encompassing applications in cranial defect repair,femoral defect repair,periodontal bone regeneration,and bone regeneration with underlying diseases.Additionally,this review discusses the current strategies aimed at improving the release profiles of bioactive molecules through stimuli-responsive delivery,carrier-assisted delivery,and sequential delivery.Finally,this review elucidates the existing challenges and future directions of hydrogel encapsulated bioactive molecules in the field of bone regeneration.
文摘Four glycoluril-based amphiphilic molecular clips(AMCs)M1~M4 have been prepared for intracellular delivery of short DNA.M1~M4 have two methyl groups on its convex surface and four cations on its aromatic side arm,which can be used to construct self-assembled nanoparticles in aqueous solution driven by hydrophobic interaction.Dynamic light scattering experiments show that M1 and M2 can be driven hydrophobically to aggregate into extremely stable nanoparticles in water at the micromolar concentrations.Fluorescence titration and zeta potential experiments support that the nanoparticles formed by M1 and M2 are able to efficiently encapsulate short DNA(sDNA).Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry studies reveal that their nano sizes enable intracellular delivery of the encapsulated sDNA into both normal and cancer cells,with delivery percentage reaching up to 94%,while in vitro experiments indicate that the two compounds have excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity.
基金supported by the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan under Grant No.249015/0224.
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are widely used in situations with uncertain and risky areas lacking network coverage.In natural disasters,timely delivery of first aid supplies is crucial.Current UAVs face risks such as crashing into birds or unexpected structures.Airdrop systems with parachutes risk dispersing payloads away from target locations.The objective here is to use multiple UAVs to distribute payloads cooperatively to assigned locations.The civil defense department must balance coverage,accurate landing,and flight safety while considering battery power and capability.Deep Q-network(DQN)models are commonly used in multi-UAV path planning to effectively represent the surroundings and action spaces.Earlier strategies focused on advanced DQNs for UAV path planning in different configurations,but rarely addressed non-cooperative scenarios and disaster environments.This paper introduces a new DQN framework to tackle challenges in disaster environments.It considers unforeseen structures and birds that could cause UAV crashes and assumes urgent landing zones and winch-based airdrop systems for precise delivery and return.A new DQN model is developed,which incorporates the battery life,safe flying distance between UAVs,and remaining delivery points to encode surrounding hazards into the state space and Q-networks.Additionally,a unique reward system is created to improve UAV action sequences for better delivery coverage and safe landings.The experimental results demonstrate that multi-UAV first aid delivery in disaster environments can achieve advanced performance.
基金supported by a grant from The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000997)。
文摘Spores and pollen,as ubiquitous organisms found in nature,possess a remarkable core-shell structure and intricate surface morphology.These tiny particles are notable for their dimensional uniformity,sustainable utilization,environmental friendliness,porosity,amphiphilicity,and strong adhesive properties.In addition,they display excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability,which significantly enhances the stability and targeting of drugs within the body.Spores and pollen can be extracted using methods such as acidic solutions,alkaline solutions,or enzyme treatments to obtain sporopollenin,which is an extremely resilient and chemically inert complex biopolymer.The sporopollenin extracted through this process removes the original bioactive substances,such as cell nuclei,enzymes,and DNA,providing greater drug loading capacity and containing no potential allergens or immunogens,thus further enhancing its drug loading capacity and improving safety in therapeutic applications.Due to these beneficial attributes,spores,pollen and sporopollenin have gained widespread use in a variety of drug delivery systems,such as targeted delivery,sustained drug delivery,toxicity mitigation,flavor masking,vaccine delivery,delivery of labile substances,and other applications.This review introduces the types of natural spores and pollen commonly used in drug delivery systems,including their main components,common effects,and uses in drug delivery systems,and so on.It subsequently summarizes novel optimization methods in their processing,such as physical treatment,surface modification,and chemical modification,which enable higher drug loading efficiency,stability,and targeting,among other benefits.Additionally,this paper reviews the research progress and applications of natural spores,pollen,and sporopollenin in drug delivery systems,while also touching on some innovative research content,such as novel nanomotor microcarriers developed based on pollen.Based on these research findings,we further elaborate on the advantages of spores,pollen,and sporopollenin in drug delivery systems.For example,they have high stability and drug loading capacity,good adhesion,excellent targeting,and are easy to modify functionally.Currently,they show promising prospects in the fields of targeted drug delivery,sustained-release drug delivery,as well as the delivery of drugs that are effective but slightly toxic,and are often used in research on the treatment of diseases such as cancer and inflammation.We have also highlighted the challenges they face in various applications and identified some issues that need to be addressed,including difficulties in largescale production,the need to improve extraction and purification processes,and the existence of a low but still noteworthy risk of allergies,in order to fully leverage their potential in drug delivery applications.According to current research,although spores,pollen,and sporopollenin face some unresolved issues in clinical drug delivery,they still have great potential overall and are expected to become a new generation of green drug delivery platforms.In the future,further research into their unique physical and chemical properties and structural characteristics will help develop more efficient and stable drug delivery systems to meet diverse treatment needs.We believe that continued exploration of natural spores,pollen,and sporopollenin will drive this emerging field to achieve continuous breakthroughs and progress,ultimately making an important contribution to the cause of human health.
文摘Background: The maternal and neonatal morbidity caused by prolonged labour, maternal exhaustion and other factors push clinicians to speed up the delivery process by employing equipment such as vacuum suction or forceps to save the newborn. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery (VAVD) and its associated short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes at Ndola Teaching Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study through the analysis of routine data for women with singleton-term pregnancies who delivered by vacuum compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery was done at a tertiary hospital for the years 2020 and 2021. Chi-square and Logistic regression were used to investigate factors of vacuum delivery and to adjust for potential confounders. Results: Results showed that VAVD was mostly performed in women who had delayed second stage of labour (25.4%), maternal exhaustion (16.0%), foetal distress in the second stage of labour (12.3%). The overall VAVD prevalence was 3.7% (581/15591). Logistic regression showed that multiparous women were noted to be 87.5% (aOR 0.125;95% CI 0.025 - 0.629;p = 0.012) less likely to undergo VAVD compared to nulliparous women. Registrars were almost 6 times (aOR 5.650;95% CI 1.458 - 22.222, p = 0.012) more likely to conduct VAVD compared to midwives. Episiotomy was 3 times (aOR 3.390;95% CI 1.185 - 9.524;p Conclusion: The findings indicate the underutilisation of VAVD at NTH based on the low prevalence of 3.7%. VAVD outcomes were affected by multiparity, skill level and Episiotomy procedure, in addition, VAVD influenced admission to the NICU. Hence, there is a need to increase skills in VAVD among first-line healthcare workers such as midwives and intern doctors.
文摘Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision,effectiveness,and safety,improving patient outcomes and personalized care.Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells,precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment(TME)and sparing normal cells.These nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation,and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs simultaneously.Despite these benefits,challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle therapies.Cell-based drug delivery systems(DDSs)that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between ligands and receptors have shown promise in selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticle and cell-based drug delivery system types used in cancer research.It covers approved and experimental nanoparticle therapies,including liposomes,micelles,protein-based and polymeric nanoparticles,as well as cell-based DDSs like macrophages,T-lymphocytes,dendritic cells,viruses,bacterial ghosts,minicells,SimCells,and outer membrane vesicles(OMVs).The review also explains the role of TME and its impact on developing smart DDSs in combination therapies and integrating nanoparticles with cell-based systems for targeting cancer cells.By detailing DDSs at different stages of development,from laboratory research to clinical trials and approved treatments,this review provides the latest insights and a collection of valuable citations of the innovative strategies that can be improved for the precise treatment of cancer.
文摘Background: Birth weight has been identified as one of the most significant predictors of a child’s physical growth, development, and survival in later life. A quest to provide an answer on the impact of maternal anthropometry on neonatal birth weight necessitated this study. Materials and methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive hospital based study that involved 130 participants selected using a systematic sampling method, utilizing a semi-structured, pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. Data were collected using a standard procedure and were summarized using proportions, and the Chi square test was used to explore the association between categorical variables. Predictors of birth weight were determined using logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was set at p Results: Participants had a mean age of 28.6 ± 5.1 years, mean weight of 72.2 ± 11.2 kg and mean height of 1.63 ± 0.07m while the mean fetal birth weight was 3.10 ± 0.56 kg. There was a significant association between maternal delivery body mass index and neonatal birth weight (p Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight and macrosomia in this study population was high. The focus should be geared towards balanced nutrition support for all mothers at booking so as to mitigate the risks associated with these extremes of birth weight.
基金Hongguang Wu,Both authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorshipLing Dong,Both authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship。
文摘The human retina,a complex and highly specialized structure,includes multiple cell types that work synergistically to generate and transmit visual signals.However,genetic predisposition or age-related degeneration can lead to retinal damage that severely impairs vision or causes blindness.Treatment options for retinal diseases are limited,and there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies.Cell and gene therapies are promising because of the efficacy of delivery systems that transport therapeutic genes to targeted retinal cells.Gene delivery systems hold great promise for treating retinal diseases by enabling the targeted delivery of therapeutic genes to affected cells or by converting endogenous cells into functional ones to facilitate nerve regeneration,potentially restoring vision.This review focuses on two principal categories of gene delivery vectors used in the treatment of retinal diseases:viral and non-viral systems.Viral vectors,including lentiviruses and adeno-associated viruses,exploit the innate ability of viruses to infiltrate cells,which is followed by the introduction of therapeutic genetic material into target cells for gene correction.Lentiviruses can accommodate exogenous genes up to 8 kb in length,but their mechanism of integration into the host genome presents insertion mutation risks.Conversely,adeno-associated viruses are safer,as they exist as episomes in the nucleus,yet their limited packaging capacity constrains their application to a narrower spectrum of diseases,which necessitates the exploration of alternative delivery methods.In parallel,progress has also occurred in the development of novel non-viral delivery systems,particularly those based on liposomal technology.Manipulation of the ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules within liposomes and the development of new lipid formulations have led to the creation of advanced non-viral vectors.These innovative systems include solid lipid nanoparticles,polymer nanoparticles,dendrimers,polymeric micelles,and polymeric nanoparticles.Compared with their viral counterparts,non-viral delivery systems offer markedly enhanced loading capacities that enable the direct delivery of nucleic acids,mRNA,or protein molecules into cells.This bypasses the need for DNA transcription and processing,which significantly enhances therapeutic efficiency.Nevertheless,the immunogenic potential and accumulation toxicity associated with non-viral particulate systems necessitates continued optimization to reduce adverse effects in vivo.This review explores the various delivery systems for retinal therapies and retinal nerve regeneration,and details the characteristics,advantages,limitations,and clinical applications of each vector type.By systematically outlining these factors,our goal is to guide the selection of the optimal delivery tool for a specific retinal disease,which will enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes while paving the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic interventions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105072)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ24E050004)+2 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Outstanding Youth Program(No.BK20230072)a grant from Suzhou Industrial Foresight and Key Core Technology Project(No.SYC2022044)grants from Jiangsu Qinglan Project and Jiangsu 333 High-level Talents.
文摘Wireless capsule endoscopy(WCE)has the potential to fully replace conventional wired counterparts for its low invasiveness.Recent studies have attempted to expand the functions of capsules toward this goal.However,limitations in space and energy supply have resulted in the inability to perform multiple diagnostic and treatment tasks using a single capsule.In this study,we developed a dual-functional capsule robot(DFCR)for drug delivery and tissue biopsy based on magnetic torsion spring technology.The delivery module was shown to rotate the push rod with a thrust of 894 mN to release approximately 0.3 mL of semisolid drug.The biopsy module used a built-in blade to cut tissue with a shear stress of 22.87 MPa,producing a sample of approximately 1.8 mm3.Additionally,a five-degree-of-freedom permanent magnet drive system was developed.By adjusting the strength of the unidirectional magnetic field generated by an external magnet,the capsule can be wirelessly controlled to sequentially trigger the two functions.Ex vivo tests on porcine stomachs confirmed the feasibility of the prototype capsule(12 mm in diameter and 45 mm in length)in active movement,medication,and tissue biopsy.The newly developed DFCR further expands the clinical application prospects of WCE robots in minimally invasive surgery.
文摘This article provides a comprehensive review of various approaches to targeted drug delivery for liver cancer, an area of significant need due to the limited effectiveness of current treatments. The article begins by highlighting the role of the liver in metabolism and discusses the high mortality associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The shortcomings of traditional chemotherapy, such as multidrug resistance and off-target effects, necessitate the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies, with a focus on targeted approaches. The review details both passive and active targeting strategies. Passive targeting leverages the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and unique features of the tumor microenvironment, while active targeting employs specific ligands, such as peptides, antibodies, and proteins, to bind to overexpressed receptors on liver and tumor cells. The article further details many examples of active targeting using the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), transferrin receptor (TfR), and folate receptor (FR) on hepatocytes and tumor cells, demonstrating that there has been significant research effort put into this field. The importance of non-parenchymal cells in the liver is also discussed, and the article examines methods of targeting Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells for therapeutic benefit. The review goes on to cover the emerging field of subcellular targeting, including specific strategies to target the nucleus, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus, noting that although there has been some progress, further research is needed in this area. The text finishes with a summary which acknowledges that while targeted therapies, including enzyme-activated prodrugs, such as Pradefovir, and other novel methods for drug delivery have shown significant promise, challenges remain in translating these therapies into clinical use due to limitations in understanding the sequential transport and the mechanisms of action. Ultimately, the article emphasizes the need for in-depth research to fully realize the potential of precision cancer therapies for liver cancer.
文摘Objective:To investigate the delivery modes of women with repeat pregnancies involving uterine scars and their effects on both mothers and neonates.Methods:A study was conducted on 100 patients treated at Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from July 2023 to July 2024.The participants were divided into a control group and an observation group,with 50 cases in each.The division was based on the indications for prior cesarean section,cervical maturity,postpartum complications,and thickness of the cesarean scar.The control group underwent cesarean delivery,while the observation group experienced vaginal delivery.The two groups were compared in terms of intrapartum blood loss,postpartum blood loss within 2 hours,length of hospital stay,Apgar scores at 1-minute post-birth,and incidences of neonatal fever and jaundice.Results:The observation group had significantly lower intrapartum blood loss,postpartum blood loss within 2 hours,and shorter hospital stays compared to the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the Apgar scores at 1 minute post-birth were significantly higher in the observation group(P<0.05).The incidence of neonatal fever and jaundice was significantly lower in the observation group(P<0.05).These differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:Vaginal delivery has high clinical value for women with repeat pregnancies involving uterine scars.It reduces maternal intrapartum and postpartum blood loss,shortens hospital stays,improves neonatal Apgar scores,and decreases the incidences of neonatal fever and jaundice.This method is worthy of clinical application and promotion.
文摘The increasing rate of cesarean delivery has become a widespread concern worldwide, nearly half of which is due to previous cesarean deliveries, and elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD), which is the main option for women who have a second pregnancy after cesarean section, is a major factor in this increase. The trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC) is considered to be the best method, and the safety and feasibility of TOLAC have been confirmed by numerous studies, but in clinical practice, there are many factors that make TOLAC unsuccessful. This article reviews the factors that influence the choice of delivery method after cesarean section as follows.
基金supported by the Guiding Funds of Central Government for Supporting the Development of the Local Science and Technology(2024BSB012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81772833).
文摘In recent years,adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)have emerged as leading vectors in gene therapy,with several FDA-approved treatments and ongoing clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in treating inherited retinal diseases,hemophilia,and Duchenne muscular dystrophy,among others.However,AAV-based therapies still face challenges,including immune responses and side effects,due to high viral doses.To address these challenges,various strategies have been developed,such as creating new viral capsids,optimizing gene expression regulation,and improving delivery methods.Localized delivery is a promising direction,utilizing the tissue tropism of AAVs to reduce systemic side effects and lower the required viral dose,thus improving targeting and efficiency,especially for organs that are difficult to treat with conventional methods.These innovations have opened new pathways for the clinical application of AAVs.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various applications of AAVs,offer valuable insights for future research directions,and holds significant importance for researchers and clinicians in the field.As AAV therapy continues to evolve,this article emphasizes its transformative potential in treating genetic diseases,indicating the central role of AAV in the future of gene therapy.
