Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the...Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the effects of textile structure,layering,and ply orientation on the stab resistance of multi-layer textiles.Three 3D warp interlock(3DWI)structures({f1},{f2},{f3})and a 2D woven fabric({f4}),all made of high-performance p-aramid yarns,were engineered and manufactured.Multi-layer specimens were prepared and subjected to drop-weight stabbing tests following HOSBD standards.Stabbing performance metrics,including Depth of Trauma(DoT),Depth of Penetration(DoP),and trauma deformation(Ymax,Xmax),were investigated and analyzed.Statistical analyses(Two-and One-Way ANOVA)indicated that fabric type and layer number significantly impacted DoP(P<0.05),while ply orientation significantly affected DoP(P<0.05)but not DoT(P>0.05).Further detailed analysis revealed that 2D woven fabrics exhibited greater trauma deformation than 3D WIF structures.Increasing the number of layers reduced both DoP and DoT across all fabric structures,with f3 demonstrating the best performance in multi-layer configurations.Aligned ply orientations also enhanced stab resistance,underscoring the importance of alignment in dissipating impact energy.展开更多
Low Earth Orbit(LEO)mega-constellation networks,exemplified by Starlink,are poised to play a pivotal role in future mobile communication networks,due to their low latency and high capacity.With the massively deployed ...Low Earth Orbit(LEO)mega-constellation networks,exemplified by Starlink,are poised to play a pivotal role in future mobile communication networks,due to their low latency and high capacity.With the massively deployed satellites,ground users now can be covered by multiple visible satellites,but also face complex handover issues with such massive high-mobility satellites in multi-layer.The end-to-end routing is also affected by the handover behavior.In this paper,we propose an intelligent handover strategy dedicated to multi-layer LEO mega-constellation networks.Firstly,an analytic model is utilized to rapidly estimate the end-to-end propagation latency as a key handover factor to construct a multi-objective optimization model.Subsequently,an intelligent handover strategy is proposed by employing the Dueling Double Deep Q Network(D3QN)-based deep reinforcement learning algorithm for single-layer constellations.Moreover,an optimal crosslayer handover scheme is proposed by predicting the latency-jitter and minimizing the cross-layer overhead.Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in the multi-layer LEO mega-constellation,showcasing reductions of up to 8.2%and 59.5%in end-to-end latency and jitter respectively,when compared to the existing handover strategies.展开更多
The Zhuxi tungsten deposit in Jiangxi Province,South China,contains a total W reserve of about 2.86 Mt at an average grade of 0.54 wt%WO3,representing the largest W deposit in the world.Numerous studies on the metallo...The Zhuxi tungsten deposit in Jiangxi Province,South China,contains a total W reserve of about 2.86 Mt at an average grade of 0.54 wt%WO3,representing the largest W deposit in the world.Numerous studies on the metallogeny of the deposit have included its timing,the ore-controlling structures and sedimentary host rocks and their implications for mineral exploration.However,the deep nappe structural style of Taqian-Fuchun metallogenic belt that hosts the W deposit,and the spatial shape and scale of deeply concealed intrusions and their sedimentary host rocks are still poorly defined,which seriously restricts the discovery of new deposits at depth and in surrounding areas of the W deposit.Modern 3 D geological modeling is an important tool for the exploration of concealed orebodies,especially in brownfield environments.There are obvious density contrast and weak magnetic contrast in the ore-controlling strata and granite at the periphery of the deposit,which lays a physical foundation for solving the 3 D spatial problems of the ore-controlling geological body in the deep part of the study area through gravity and magnetic modeling.Gravity data(1:50000)and aeromagnetic data(1:50000)from the latest geophysical surveys of 2016-2018 have been used,firstly,to carry out a potential field separation to obtain residual anomalies for gravity and magnetic interactive inversion.Then,on the basis of the analysis of the relationship between physical properties and lithology,under the constraints of surface geology and borehole data,human-computer interactive gravity and magnetic inversion for 18 cross-sections were completed.Finally,the 3 D geological model of the Zhuxi tungsten deposit and its periphery have been established through these 18 sections,and the spatial shape of the intrusions and strata with a depth of 5 km underground were obtained,initially realizing―transparency‖for ore-controlling bodies.According the analysis of the geophysical,geochemical,and geological characteristics of the Zhuxi tungsten deposit,we discern three principles for prospecting and prediction in the research area,and propose five new exploration targets in its periphery.展开更多
The working area is located in the industrially developed region of Rongshengpu-Qianjin, where a surface water system is developed, surface-layer lithology is complicated, and various kinds of hydrocarbon traps are bu...The working area is located in the industrially developed region of Rongshengpu-Qianjin, where a surface water system is developed, surface-layer lithology is complicated, and various kinds of hydrocarbon traps are buried at depth. The seismic data acquired previously couldn＇t be interpreted due to the complex surface and geological conditions. Taking secondary 3D seismic from the Rongshengpu-Qianjin area as an example, this paper describes a set of techniques designed to overcome these difficulties and improve the quality of seismic data. The applied techniques included flexible acquisition geometry, low-noise receiver conditions, quantitative quality control, and so on.展开更多
The accumulation pattern of the marine shale gas in South China is different from that in North America.The former has generally thin reservoirs and complex preservation conditions,so it is difficult to make a fine de...The accumulation pattern of the marine shale gas in South China is different from that in North America.The former has generally thin reservoirs and complex preservation conditions,so it is difficult to make a fine description of the structural features of shale formations and to reflect accurately the distribution pattern of high-quality shale by using the conventional 2D and 3D seismic exploration technology,which has an adverse effect on the successful deployment of horizontal wells.In view of this,high-precision 3D seismic prospecting focusing on lithological survey was implemented to make an accurate description of the distribution of shale gas sweet spots so that commercial shale gas production can be obtained.Therefore,due to the complex seismic geological condition of Jiaoshiba area in Fuling,SE Sichuan Basin,the observation system of high-precision 3D seismic acquisition should have such features as wide-azimuth angles,small trace intervals,high folds,uniform vertical and horizontal coverage and long spread to meet the needs of the shale gas exploration in terms of structural interpretation,lithological interpretation and fracture prediction.Based on this idea,the first implemented high-precision 3D seismic exploration project in Jiaoshiba area played an important role in the discovery of the large Jiaoshiba shale gas field.Considering that the high-quality marine shale in the Sichuan Basin shows the characteristics of multi-layer development from the Silurian system to the Cambrian system,the strategy of shale gas stereoscopic exploration should be implemented to fully obtain the oil and gas information of the shallow,medium and deep strata from the high-precision 3D seismic data,and ultimately to expand the prospecting achievements in an all-round way to balance the high upstream exploration cost,and to continue to push the efficient shale gas exploration and development process in China.展开更多
In this study,a high impact resistant multi-layered composite consisting of continuous carbon fibre/nylon(CCF)and short carbon fibre/nylon(SCF)layers is developed via 3D printing technology.The effect of CCF/SCF layer...In this study,a high impact resistant multi-layered composite consisting of continuous carbon fibre/nylon(CCF)and short carbon fibre/nylon(SCF)layers is developed via 3D printing technology.The effect of CCF/SCF layers configuration on the impact resistance is investigated by low-velocity impact test,and the impact failure mechanism of the 3D printed composites is explored by microscopic observations and finite element(FE)simulation analysis.The results show that the 3D printed multi-layered composite with SCF layers distributed in the middle(HFA)exhibits higher impact resistant performance than the specimens with alternating SCF/CCF layers(HFB)and CCF layers distributed in the middle(HFC).The effect of CCF/SCF layers proportion on the impact performance is also studied by FE simulation,and the results show that the specimen with a CCF/SCF proportion of 7.0 exhibits the highest impact strength.展开更多
Deep learning, especially through convolutional neural networks (CNN) such as the U-Net 3D model, has revolutionized fault identification from seismic data, representing a significant leap over traditional methods. Ou...Deep learning, especially through convolutional neural networks (CNN) such as the U-Net 3D model, has revolutionized fault identification from seismic data, representing a significant leap over traditional methods. Our review traces the evolution of CNN, emphasizing the adaptation and capabilities of the U-Net 3D model in automating seismic fault delineation with unprecedented accuracy. We find: 1) The transition from basic neural networks to sophisticated CNN has enabled remarkable advancements in image recognition, which are directly applicable to analyzing seismic data. The U-Net 3D model, with its innovative architecture, exemplifies this progress by providing a method for detailed and accurate fault detection with reduced manual interpretation bias. 2) The U-Net 3D model has demonstrated its superiority over traditional fault identification methods in several key areas: it has enhanced interpretation accuracy, increased operational efficiency, and reduced the subjectivity of manual methods. 3) Despite these achievements, challenges such as the need for effective data preprocessing, acquisition of high-quality annotated datasets, and achieving model generalization across different geological conditions remain. Future research should therefore focus on developing more complex network architectures and innovative training strategies to refine fault identification performance further. Our findings confirm the transformative potential of deep learning, particularly CNN like the U-Net 3D model, in geosciences, advocating for its broader integration to revolutionize geological exploration and seismic analysis.展开更多
China is a country with a vast territory. Its geological structure is complex and diverse, which causes frequent natural disasters, directly causing economic losses and threatening people's lives and health. With ...China is a country with a vast territory. Its geological structure is complex and diverse, which causes frequent natural disasters, directly causing economic losses and threatening people's lives and health. With the continuous improvement of China's scientific and technological level, some advanced technologies and instruments and equipment play an important role in the exploration of natural disasters. For the exploration of earthquake natural disasters, the application of 3D SH wave exploration technology can play a positive role and effectively improve the application effect of the technology. 3D SH-wave is a key technology involved in seismic exploration, which can play a positive role in practical application. It is of positive significance to prevent earthquake natural disasters and accurately analyze strata stratification.展开更多
3D geological modeling is an inevitable choice for coal exploration to adapt to the transformation of coal mining for green, fine, transparent and Intelligent mining. In the traditional Coalfield exploration geologica...3D geological modeling is an inevitable choice for coal exploration to adapt to the transformation of coal mining for green, fine, transparent and Intelligent mining. In the traditional Coalfield exploration geological reports, the spatial expression form for the coal seams and their surrounding rocks are 2D maps. These 2D maps are excellent data sources for constructing 3D geological models of coal field exploration areas. How to construct 3D models from these 2D maps has been studying in coal exploration industry for a long time, and still no breakthrough has been achieved so far. This paper discusses the principle, method and software design idea of constructing 3D geological model of an exploration area with 2D maps made by AutoCAD/MapGIS. At first, the paper analyzes 3D geological surface expression mode in 3D geological modeling software. It is pointed out that although contour method has unique advantages in coal field exploration, TIN (Triangular Irregular Network) is still the standard configuration of 3D modeling software for coal field. Then, the paper discusses the method of 2D line features obtaining elevation and upgrading 2D curve to 3D curve. Next, the method of semi-automatic partition is introduced to build the boundary ring of the surface patch, that is, the user clicks and selects the line feature to build the outer boundary ring of the surface patch. Then, Auto-process method for fault line inside of the outer boundary ring is discussed, it including construction of fault ring, determining fault ring being normal fault ring or reverse fault ring and an algorithm of dealing with normal fault ring. An algorithm of dealing with reverse fault ring is discussed detailly, the method of expanding reverse fault ring and dividing the duplicate area in reverse fault into two portions is introduced. The paper also discusses the method of extraction ridge line/valley line, the construction of fault plane, the construction of stratum and coal body. The above ideas and methods have been initially implemented in the “3D modeling platform for coal field exploration” software, and applied to the 3D modeling practice of data from several coal field exploration areas in Ningxia, Shanxi, Qinghai, etc.展开更多
Multi-layer sandstone reservoirs occur globally and are currently in international production. The 3D characteristics of these reservoirs are too complicated to be accurately delineated by general structural-facies-re...Multi-layer sandstone reservoirs occur globally and are currently in international production. The 3D characteristics of these reservoirs are too complicated to be accurately delineated by general structural-facies-reservoir modelling. In view of the special geological features, such as the vertical architecture of sandstone and mudstone interbeds, the lateral stable sedimentation and the strong heterogeneity of reservoir poroperm and fluid distribution, we developed a new three-stage and six-phase procedure for 3D characterization of multi-layer sandstone reservoirs. The procedure comprises two-phase structural modelling, two-phase facies modelling and modelling of two types of reservoir properties. Using this procedure, we established models of the formation structure, sand body structure and microfacies, reservoir facies and properties including porosity, permeability and gas saturation and provided a 3D fine-scale, systematic characterization of the Sebei multi-layer sandstone gas field, China. This new procedure, validated by the Sebei gas field, can be applied to characterize similar multi-layer sandstone reservoirs.展开更多
Despite numerous research investigations to understand the influences of various structural parameters,to the authors'knowledge,no research has been the effect of different angles of incidence on stab response and...Despite numerous research investigations to understand the influences of various structural parameters,to the authors'knowledge,no research has been the effect of different angles of incidence on stab response and performance of different types of protective textiles.Three distinct structures of 3D woven textiles and 2D plain weave fabric made with similar high-performance fiber and areal density were designed and manufactured to be tested.Two samples,one composed of a single and the other of 4-panel layers,from each fabric type structure,were prepared,and tested against stabbing at[0○],[22.5○],and[45○]angle of incidence.A new stabbing experimental setup that entertained testing of the specimens at various angles of incidence was engineered and utilized.The stabbing bench is also equipped with magnetic sensors and a UK Home Office Scientific Development Branch(HOSDB)/P1/B sharpness engineered knives to measure the impact velocity and exerted impact energy respectively.A silicon compound was utilized to imprint the Back Face Signature(BFS)on the backing material after every specimen test.Each silicon print was then scanned,digitized,and precisely measured to evaluate the stab response and performance of the specimen based on different performance variables,including Depth of Trauma(DOT),Depth of Penetration(DOP),and Length of Penetration(LOP).Besides,the post-impact surface failure modes of the fabrics were also measured using Image software and analyzed at the microscale level.The results show stab angle of incidence greatly influences the stab response and performance of protective textiles.The outcome of the study could provide not only valuable insights into understanding the stab response and capabilities of protective textiles under different angle of incidence,but also provide valuable information for protective textile manufacturer,armor developer and stab testing and standardizing organizations to consider the angle of incidence while developing,testing,optimizing,and using protective textiles in various applications.展开更多
The Nanling-Xuancheng ore region of Anhui Province is located in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt.Insufficient exploration and research have been carried out in this newly defined ore district,although...The Nanling-Xuancheng ore region of Anhui Province is located in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt.Insufficient exploration and research have been carried out in this newly defined ore district,although the Chating large porphyry Cu-Au deposit and a few middle-sized skarntype Cu polymetallic deposits have been discovered.In this study,we carried out high-resolution seismic reflection,magnetotelluric,gravity,and magnetic investigations,and constructed the 3 D geological structure of the uppermost crust in a depth range of 0-5 km using a comprehensive inversion of the new data constrained by previous deep-drilling data.We hence proposed some new insights to understand the mineralization processes of this district.A system of alternating ridges and valleys is suggested as the major structure pattern,composed of“two-layer structure”of the basins and“three-layer structure”of anticlines.Moreover,a conjugated fault system and its distribution features are revealed in our models,including the Jiangnan fault,Zhouwang fault,and Kunshan thrust nappe.The Jiangnan and Kunshan faults are suggested to have controlled the diagenesis and metallogenesis.Two deep concealed plutons located in Chating and Magushan are found,forming the Mesozoic diorite-felsic intrusions.These intrusions are believed to be the causes of hydrothermal deposits such as the Chating deposit and the Magushan deposit.展开更多
The development of 3D geological models involves the integration of large amounts of geological data,as well as additional accessible proprietary lithological,structural,geochemical,geophysical,and borehole data.Luanc...The development of 3D geological models involves the integration of large amounts of geological data,as well as additional accessible proprietary lithological,structural,geochemical,geophysical,and borehole data.Luanchuan,the case study area,southwestern Henan Province,is an important molybdenum-tungsten-lead-zinc polymetallic belt in China.展开更多
Great advancement has been made on natural gas hydrates exploration and test production in the northern South China Sea.However,there remains a lot of key questions yet to be resolved,particularly about the mechanisms...Great advancement has been made on natural gas hydrates exploration and test production in the northern South China Sea.However,there remains a lot of key questions yet to be resolved,particularly about the mechanisms and the controls of gas hydrates enrichment.Numerical simulaution would play signficant role in addressing these questions.This study focused on the gas hydrate exploration in the Shenhu Area,Northern South China Sea.Based on the newly obtained borehole and multichannel reflection seismic data,the authors conducted an integrated 3D basin modeling study on gas hydrate.The results indicate that the Shenhu Area has favorable conditions for gas hydrate accumulation,such as temperature,pressure,hydrocarbon source,and tectonic setting.Gas hydrates are most concentrated in the Late Miocene strata,particularly in the structual highs between the Baiyun Sag and the Liwan Sag,and area to the south of it.It also proved the existence of overpressure in the main sag of source rocks,which was subject to compaction disequilibrium and hydrocarbon generation.It also shown that the regional fault activity is not conducive to gas hydrate accumulation due to excess gas seepage.The authors conjecture that fault activity may slightly weaken overpressure for the positive effect of hydrocarbon expulsion and areas lacking regional fault activity have better potential.展开更多
Forecasting subtle traps by sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic data is a sensitive topic in hydrocarbon exploration. Research on subtle traps by geophysical data is the most popular and difficult. Based on the suffi...Forecasting subtle traps by sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic data is a sensitive topic in hydrocarbon exploration. Research on subtle traps by geophysical data is the most popular and difficult. Based on the sufficiently drilling data, log data, core data and 3D seismic data, sediment sequence of Qikou depression, Huanghua basin was partitioned by using sequence stratigraphy theory. Each sediment sequence system mode was built. Sediment faces of subtle traps were pointed out. Dominating factors forming subtle traps were analyzed. Sandstone seismic rock physics and its response were studied in Tertiary System. Sandstone geophysical response and elastic modulus vary laws with pressure, temperature, porosity, depth were built. Experimental result and practice shows that it is possible using seismic information forecasting subtle traps. Integrated using geology, log, drilling data, special seismic processing technique, interpretation technique, high precision horizon calibration technique, 3D seismic visualizing interpretation, seismic coherence analysis, attribute analysis, logging-constrained inversion, time frequency analysis, subtle trapsobject is identified and interpreted. Finally, advantage object of subtle trap in this area was determined. Bottomland sand stratigraphic and lithologic reservoirs in Qinan slope zone have been founded by means of high resolution 3D seismic data field technique, high resolution 3D seismic data processing technique and seismic wave impendence inversion technique.展开更多
The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology...The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp regions.It uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.The SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in 2025.The European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar region.It has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry capabilities.Joint detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere.Therefore,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint detection.In addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.展开更多
文摘Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the effects of textile structure,layering,and ply orientation on the stab resistance of multi-layer textiles.Three 3D warp interlock(3DWI)structures({f1},{f2},{f3})and a 2D woven fabric({f4}),all made of high-performance p-aramid yarns,were engineered and manufactured.Multi-layer specimens were prepared and subjected to drop-weight stabbing tests following HOSBD standards.Stabbing performance metrics,including Depth of Trauma(DoT),Depth of Penetration(DoP),and trauma deformation(Ymax,Xmax),were investigated and analyzed.Statistical analyses(Two-and One-Way ANOVA)indicated that fabric type and layer number significantly impacted DoP(P<0.05),while ply orientation significantly affected DoP(P<0.05)but not DoT(P>0.05).Further detailed analysis revealed that 2D woven fabrics exhibited greater trauma deformation than 3D WIF structures.Increasing the number of layers reduced both DoP and DoT across all fabric structures,with f3 demonstrating the best performance in multi-layer configurations.Aligned ply orientations also enhanced stab resistance,underscoring the importance of alignment in dissipating impact energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62401597)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2024JJ6469)the Research Project of National University of Defense Technology,China(No.ZK22-02).
文摘Low Earth Orbit(LEO)mega-constellation networks,exemplified by Starlink,are poised to play a pivotal role in future mobile communication networks,due to their low latency and high capacity.With the massively deployed satellites,ground users now can be covered by multiple visible satellites,but also face complex handover issues with such massive high-mobility satellites in multi-layer.The end-to-end routing is also affected by the handover behavior.In this paper,we propose an intelligent handover strategy dedicated to multi-layer LEO mega-constellation networks.Firstly,an analytic model is utilized to rapidly estimate the end-to-end propagation latency as a key handover factor to construct a multi-objective optimization model.Subsequently,an intelligent handover strategy is proposed by employing the Dueling Double Deep Q Network(D3QN)-based deep reinforcement learning algorithm for single-layer constellations.Moreover,an optimal crosslayer handover scheme is proposed by predicting the latency-jitter and minimizing the cross-layer overhead.Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in the multi-layer LEO mega-constellation,showcasing reductions of up to 8.2%and 59.5%in end-to-end latency and jitter respectively,when compared to the existing handover strategies.
基金jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0600201)China Geological Survey project(Grant Nos.DD20190012,DD20160082)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92062108,41630320,41574133)。
文摘The Zhuxi tungsten deposit in Jiangxi Province,South China,contains a total W reserve of about 2.86 Mt at an average grade of 0.54 wt%WO3,representing the largest W deposit in the world.Numerous studies on the metallogeny of the deposit have included its timing,the ore-controlling structures and sedimentary host rocks and their implications for mineral exploration.However,the deep nappe structural style of Taqian-Fuchun metallogenic belt that hosts the W deposit,and the spatial shape and scale of deeply concealed intrusions and their sedimentary host rocks are still poorly defined,which seriously restricts the discovery of new deposits at depth and in surrounding areas of the W deposit.Modern 3 D geological modeling is an important tool for the exploration of concealed orebodies,especially in brownfield environments.There are obvious density contrast and weak magnetic contrast in the ore-controlling strata and granite at the periphery of the deposit,which lays a physical foundation for solving the 3 D spatial problems of the ore-controlling geological body in the deep part of the study area through gravity and magnetic modeling.Gravity data(1:50000)and aeromagnetic data(1:50000)from the latest geophysical surveys of 2016-2018 have been used,firstly,to carry out a potential field separation to obtain residual anomalies for gravity and magnetic interactive inversion.Then,on the basis of the analysis of the relationship between physical properties and lithology,under the constraints of surface geology and borehole data,human-computer interactive gravity and magnetic inversion for 18 cross-sections were completed.Finally,the 3 D geological model of the Zhuxi tungsten deposit and its periphery have been established through these 18 sections,and the spatial shape of the intrusions and strata with a depth of 5 km underground were obtained,initially realizing―transparency‖for ore-controlling bodies.According the analysis of the geophysical,geochemical,and geological characteristics of the Zhuxi tungsten deposit,we discern three principles for prospecting and prediction in the research area,and propose five new exploration targets in its periphery.
文摘The working area is located in the industrially developed region of Rongshengpu-Qianjin, where a surface water system is developed, surface-layer lithology is complicated, and various kinds of hydrocarbon traps are buried at depth. The seismic data acquired previously couldn＇t be interpreted due to the complex surface and geological conditions. Taking secondary 3D seismic from the Rongshengpu-Qianjin area as an example, this paper describes a set of techniques designed to overcome these difficulties and improve the quality of seismic data. The applied techniques included flexible acquisition geometry, low-noise receiver conditions, quantitative quality control, and so on.
文摘The accumulation pattern of the marine shale gas in South China is different from that in North America.The former has generally thin reservoirs and complex preservation conditions,so it is difficult to make a fine description of the structural features of shale formations and to reflect accurately the distribution pattern of high-quality shale by using the conventional 2D and 3D seismic exploration technology,which has an adverse effect on the successful deployment of horizontal wells.In view of this,high-precision 3D seismic prospecting focusing on lithological survey was implemented to make an accurate description of the distribution of shale gas sweet spots so that commercial shale gas production can be obtained.Therefore,due to the complex seismic geological condition of Jiaoshiba area in Fuling,SE Sichuan Basin,the observation system of high-precision 3D seismic acquisition should have such features as wide-azimuth angles,small trace intervals,high folds,uniform vertical and horizontal coverage and long spread to meet the needs of the shale gas exploration in terms of structural interpretation,lithological interpretation and fracture prediction.Based on this idea,the first implemented high-precision 3D seismic exploration project in Jiaoshiba area played an important role in the discovery of the large Jiaoshiba shale gas field.Considering that the high-quality marine shale in the Sichuan Basin shows the characteristics of multi-layer development from the Silurian system to the Cambrian system,the strategy of shale gas stereoscopic exploration should be implemented to fully obtain the oil and gas information of the shallow,medium and deep strata from the high-precision 3D seismic data,and ultimately to expand the prospecting achievements in an all-round way to balance the high upstream exploration cost,and to continue to push the efficient shale gas exploration and development process in China.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.11625210)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51873153)+1 种基金the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.19PJ1410000)the Shanghai International Science and Technology Cooperation Fund Project(Grant No.19520713000).
文摘In this study,a high impact resistant multi-layered composite consisting of continuous carbon fibre/nylon(CCF)and short carbon fibre/nylon(SCF)layers is developed via 3D printing technology.The effect of CCF/SCF layers configuration on the impact resistance is investigated by low-velocity impact test,and the impact failure mechanism of the 3D printed composites is explored by microscopic observations and finite element(FE)simulation analysis.The results show that the 3D printed multi-layered composite with SCF layers distributed in the middle(HFA)exhibits higher impact resistant performance than the specimens with alternating SCF/CCF layers(HFB)and CCF layers distributed in the middle(HFC).The effect of CCF/SCF layers proportion on the impact performance is also studied by FE simulation,and the results show that the specimen with a CCF/SCF proportion of 7.0 exhibits the highest impact strength.
文摘Deep learning, especially through convolutional neural networks (CNN) such as the U-Net 3D model, has revolutionized fault identification from seismic data, representing a significant leap over traditional methods. Our review traces the evolution of CNN, emphasizing the adaptation and capabilities of the U-Net 3D model in automating seismic fault delineation with unprecedented accuracy. We find: 1) The transition from basic neural networks to sophisticated CNN has enabled remarkable advancements in image recognition, which are directly applicable to analyzing seismic data. The U-Net 3D model, with its innovative architecture, exemplifies this progress by providing a method for detailed and accurate fault detection with reduced manual interpretation bias. 2) The U-Net 3D model has demonstrated its superiority over traditional fault identification methods in several key areas: it has enhanced interpretation accuracy, increased operational efficiency, and reduced the subjectivity of manual methods. 3) Despite these achievements, challenges such as the need for effective data preprocessing, acquisition of high-quality annotated datasets, and achieving model generalization across different geological conditions remain. Future research should therefore focus on developing more complex network architectures and innovative training strategies to refine fault identification performance further. Our findings confirm the transformative potential of deep learning, particularly CNN like the U-Net 3D model, in geosciences, advocating for its broader integration to revolutionize geological exploration and seismic analysis.
文摘China is a country with a vast territory. Its geological structure is complex and diverse, which causes frequent natural disasters, directly causing economic losses and threatening people's lives and health. With the continuous improvement of China's scientific and technological level, some advanced technologies and instruments and equipment play an important role in the exploration of natural disasters. For the exploration of earthquake natural disasters, the application of 3D SH wave exploration technology can play a positive role and effectively improve the application effect of the technology. 3D SH-wave is a key technology involved in seismic exploration, which can play a positive role in practical application. It is of positive significance to prevent earthquake natural disasters and accurately analyze strata stratification.
文摘3D geological modeling is an inevitable choice for coal exploration to adapt to the transformation of coal mining for green, fine, transparent and Intelligent mining. In the traditional Coalfield exploration geological reports, the spatial expression form for the coal seams and their surrounding rocks are 2D maps. These 2D maps are excellent data sources for constructing 3D geological models of coal field exploration areas. How to construct 3D models from these 2D maps has been studying in coal exploration industry for a long time, and still no breakthrough has been achieved so far. This paper discusses the principle, method and software design idea of constructing 3D geological model of an exploration area with 2D maps made by AutoCAD/MapGIS. At first, the paper analyzes 3D geological surface expression mode in 3D geological modeling software. It is pointed out that although contour method has unique advantages in coal field exploration, TIN (Triangular Irregular Network) is still the standard configuration of 3D modeling software for coal field. Then, the paper discusses the method of 2D line features obtaining elevation and upgrading 2D curve to 3D curve. Next, the method of semi-automatic partition is introduced to build the boundary ring of the surface patch, that is, the user clicks and selects the line feature to build the outer boundary ring of the surface patch. Then, Auto-process method for fault line inside of the outer boundary ring is discussed, it including construction of fault ring, determining fault ring being normal fault ring or reverse fault ring and an algorithm of dealing with normal fault ring. An algorithm of dealing with reverse fault ring is discussed detailly, the method of expanding reverse fault ring and dividing the duplicate area in reverse fault into two portions is introduced. The paper also discusses the method of extraction ridge line/valley line, the construction of fault plane, the construction of stratum and coal body. The above ideas and methods have been initially implemented in the “3D modeling platform for coal field exploration” software, and applied to the 3D modeling practice of data from several coal field exploration areas in Ningxia, Shanxi, Qinghai, etc.
基金granted by the National Basic Research Program of China(grant no.2014CB239205)National Science and Technology Major Project of China (grant no.20011ZX05030-005-003)
文摘Multi-layer sandstone reservoirs occur globally and are currently in international production. The 3D characteristics of these reservoirs are too complicated to be accurately delineated by general structural-facies-reservoir modelling. In view of the special geological features, such as the vertical architecture of sandstone and mudstone interbeds, the lateral stable sedimentation and the strong heterogeneity of reservoir poroperm and fluid distribution, we developed a new three-stage and six-phase procedure for 3D characterization of multi-layer sandstone reservoirs. The procedure comprises two-phase structural modelling, two-phase facies modelling and modelling of two types of reservoir properties. Using this procedure, we established models of the formation structure, sand body structure and microfacies, reservoir facies and properties including porosity, permeability and gas saturation and provided a 3D fine-scale, systematic characterization of the Sebei multi-layer sandstone gas field, China. This new procedure, validated by the Sebei gas field, can be applied to characterize similar multi-layer sandstone reservoirs.
文摘Despite numerous research investigations to understand the influences of various structural parameters,to the authors'knowledge,no research has been the effect of different angles of incidence on stab response and performance of different types of protective textiles.Three distinct structures of 3D woven textiles and 2D plain weave fabric made with similar high-performance fiber and areal density were designed and manufactured to be tested.Two samples,one composed of a single and the other of 4-panel layers,from each fabric type structure,were prepared,and tested against stabbing at[0○],[22.5○],and[45○]angle of incidence.A new stabbing experimental setup that entertained testing of the specimens at various angles of incidence was engineered and utilized.The stabbing bench is also equipped with magnetic sensors and a UK Home Office Scientific Development Branch(HOSDB)/P1/B sharpness engineered knives to measure the impact velocity and exerted impact energy respectively.A silicon compound was utilized to imprint the Back Face Signature(BFS)on the backing material after every specimen test.Each silicon print was then scanned,digitized,and precisely measured to evaluate the stab response and performance of the specimen based on different performance variables,including Depth of Trauma(DOT),Depth of Penetration(DOP),and Length of Penetration(LOP).Besides,the post-impact surface failure modes of the fabrics were also measured using Image software and analyzed at the microscale level.The results show stab angle of incidence greatly influences the stab response and performance of protective textiles.The outcome of the study could provide not only valuable insights into understanding the stab response and capabilities of protective textiles under different angle of incidence,but also provide valuable information for protective textile manufacturer,armor developer and stab testing and standardizing organizations to consider the angle of incidence while developing,testing,optimizing,and using protective textiles in various applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program Project of China(No.2016YFC0600209)。
文摘The Nanling-Xuancheng ore region of Anhui Province is located in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt.Insufficient exploration and research have been carried out in this newly defined ore district,although the Chating large porphyry Cu-Au deposit and a few middle-sized skarntype Cu polymetallic deposits have been discovered.In this study,we carried out high-resolution seismic reflection,magnetotelluric,gravity,and magnetic investigations,and constructed the 3 D geological structure of the uppermost crust in a depth range of 0-5 km using a comprehensive inversion of the new data constrained by previous deep-drilling data.We hence proposed some new insights to understand the mineralization processes of this district.A system of alternating ridges and valleys is suggested as the major structure pattern,composed of“two-layer structure”of the basins and“three-layer structure”of anticlines.Moreover,a conjugated fault system and its distribution features are revealed in our models,including the Jiangnan fault,Zhouwang fault,and Kunshan thrust nappe.The Jiangnan and Kunshan faults are suggested to have controlled the diagenesis and metallogenesis.Two deep concealed plutons located in Chating and Magushan are found,forming the Mesozoic diorite-felsic intrusions.These intrusions are believed to be the causes of hydrothermal deposits such as the Chating deposit and the Magushan deposit.
文摘The development of 3D geological models involves the integration of large amounts of geological data,as well as additional accessible proprietary lithological,structural,geochemical,geophysical,and borehole data.Luanchuan,the case study area,southwestern Henan Province,is an important molybdenum-tungsten-lead-zinc polymetallic belt in China.
基金funded by Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0201,GML2019ZD0104)Finance Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province(ZDKJ202019).
文摘Great advancement has been made on natural gas hydrates exploration and test production in the northern South China Sea.However,there remains a lot of key questions yet to be resolved,particularly about the mechanisms and the controls of gas hydrates enrichment.Numerical simulaution would play signficant role in addressing these questions.This study focused on the gas hydrate exploration in the Shenhu Area,Northern South China Sea.Based on the newly obtained borehole and multichannel reflection seismic data,the authors conducted an integrated 3D basin modeling study on gas hydrate.The results indicate that the Shenhu Area has favorable conditions for gas hydrate accumulation,such as temperature,pressure,hydrocarbon source,and tectonic setting.Gas hydrates are most concentrated in the Late Miocene strata,particularly in the structual highs between the Baiyun Sag and the Liwan Sag,and area to the south of it.It also proved the existence of overpressure in the main sag of source rocks,which was subject to compaction disequilibrium and hydrocarbon generation.It also shown that the regional fault activity is not conducive to gas hydrate accumulation due to excess gas seepage.The authors conjecture that fault activity may slightly weaken overpressure for the positive effect of hydrocarbon expulsion and areas lacking regional fault activity have better potential.
基金Project(2003034470) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China project supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University
文摘Forecasting subtle traps by sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic data is a sensitive topic in hydrocarbon exploration. Research on subtle traps by geophysical data is the most popular and difficult. Based on the sufficiently drilling data, log data, core data and 3D seismic data, sediment sequence of Qikou depression, Huanghua basin was partitioned by using sequence stratigraphy theory. Each sediment sequence system mode was built. Sediment faces of subtle traps were pointed out. Dominating factors forming subtle traps were analyzed. Sandstone seismic rock physics and its response were studied in Tertiary System. Sandstone geophysical response and elastic modulus vary laws with pressure, temperature, porosity, depth were built. Experimental result and practice shows that it is possible using seismic information forecasting subtle traps. Integrated using geology, log, drilling data, special seismic processing technique, interpretation technique, high precision horizon calibration technique, 3D seismic visualizing interpretation, seismic coherence analysis, attribute analysis, logging-constrained inversion, time frequency analysis, subtle trapsobject is identified and interpreted. Finally, advantage object of subtle trap in this area was determined. Bottomland sand stratigraphic and lithologic reservoirs in Qinan slope zone have been founded by means of high resolution 3D seismic data field technique, high resolution 3D seismic data processing technique and seismic wave impendence inversion technique.
基金supported by the Stable-Support Scientific Project of the China Research Institute of Radio-wave Propagation(Grant No.A13XXXXWXX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42174210,4207202,and 42188101)the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA15014800)。
文摘The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp regions.It uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.The SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in 2025.The European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar region.It has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry capabilities.Joint detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere.Therefore,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint detection.In addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.
