A Tibetan art form bridges the past and present and connects cultures around the world.THANGKA,a unique form of Tibetan sacred painting,is gaining prominence globally due to its vibrant colors,exquisite craftsmanship,...A Tibetan art form bridges the past and present and connects cultures around the world.THANGKA,a unique form of Tibetan sacred painting,is gaining prominence globally due to its vibrant colors,exquisite craftsmanship,and profound religious and cultural significance.With the acceleration of globalization,this symbol of Tibetan culture that combines artistic expression with spirituality has become a bridge for cultural exchange between the East and the West.Recently,China Today spoke to Yixi Puncog,art collector and council member of the China Association for Preservation and Development of Tibetan Culture,to learn more about Thangka art,its role in international exchange,and how it is enhancing China’s cultural soft power.展开更多
Ningxia is an ethnic gathering area boasting abundant tourism and cultural resources.Developing the cause of tourism and culture is an important way to encourage all ethnic groups to respect differences,embrace divers...Ningxia is an ethnic gathering area boasting abundant tourism and cultural resources.Developing the cause of tourism and culture is an important way to encourage all ethnic groups to respect differences,embrace diversity,and demonstrate their interactions,exchanges,and integration in tourism activities.As an important preserve of the distinctive cultures of the Chinese nation and a prominent world tourist destination,Ningxia should strive to foster and consolidate the sense of a community with a shared future for the Chinese nation in developing its tourism and culture under the new historical conditions.It is imperative to advance the prosperity and development of tourism and culture in boosting ethnic interactions,exchanges,and integration through the formulation of tourism and cultural policies and plans,as well as the development and design of tourism and cultural projects.展开更多
Covalent organic framework ionomers enable synergistic efficient transport of protons and oxygen in medium-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),as clean and effic...Covalent organic framework ionomers enable synergistic efficient transport of protons and oxygen in medium-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),as clean and efficient energy technologies,are constrained in their performance enhancement by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics at the cathode,anode CO poisoning(e.g.,from methanol crossover)and intricate water management dilemmas[1].展开更多
Proton exchange membranes(PEMs)play a central role in determining the efficiency,durability,and operational flexibility of PEM fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,conventional PEMs exhibit strong temperature-dependent proton-t...Proton exchange membranes(PEMs)play a central role in determining the efficiency,durability,and operational flexibility of PEM fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,conventional PEMs exhibit strong temperature-dependent proton-transport behavior,which limits their ability to support both rapid start-up at low temperatures and stable operation at elevated temperatures.Water-mediated PEMs show excellent conductivity under low-temperature and high-humidity conditions but suffer from dehydration and structural instability in the high-temperature regime.In contrast,water-independent PEMs,particularly phosphoric-acid-doped systems,conduct protons efficiently under anhydrous high-temperature conditions yet experience acid leaching that hampers room-temperature start-up and long-term durability.This review summarizes the fundamental proton-transport mechanisms that govern temperature-dependent performance and discusses recent advances in materials design aimed at enabling wide-temperature-range PEM operation.For water-mediated membranes,strategies such as incorporating hydrophilic fillers,constructing confined hydrophilic domains,and introducing additional proton-transfer sites have been developed to mitigate water loss and stabilize proton conduction.For water-independent membranes,approaches including strengthening polymer–acid interactions,engineering nanoscale confinement,designing multilayer architectures,and constructing multi–proton-carrier networks effectively improve acid retention and broaden operational temperature windows.Emerging fixed-carrier systems based on phosphonic-acid-grafted polymers,metal–organic frameworks,and covalent organic frameworks offer new pathways for stable anhydrous proton conduction across a wide temperature range.We conclude by outlining key challenges and future research opportunities,including reducing the dependence on volatile or leachable proton carriers,developing adaptive nanochannel architectures,improving anhydrous high-temperature conduction,and establishing scalable membrane fabrication methods.Continued innovation in these directions is expected to enable next-generation wide-temperature-range PEMs capable of flexible,high-efficiency operation from sub-zero to high-temperature conditions.展开更多
Converting CO_(2) into methanol(CH_(3)OH),a high-value-added liquid-phase product,through efficient and highly selective photocatalysis remains a significant challenge.Herein,we present a straightforward cation exchan...Converting CO_(2) into methanol(CH_(3)OH),a high-value-added liquid-phase product,through efficient and highly selective photocatalysis remains a significant challenge.Herein,we present a straightforward cation exchange strategy for the in-situ growth of BiVO_(4) on an InVO_(4) substrate to generate a Z-scheme heterojunction of InVO_(4)/BiVO_(4) .This in-situ partial transformation approach endows the InVO_(4)/BiVO_(4) heterojunction with a tightly connected interface,resulting in a significant improvement in charge separation efficiency between InVO_(4) and BiVO_(4).Moreover,the construction of the heterojunction reduces the formation energy barrier of the ^(*)COOH intermediate during the photoreduction of CO_(2) and increases the desorption energy barrier of the ^(*)CO intermediate,facilitating the deep reduction of ^(*)CO.Consequently,the InVO_(4)/BiVO_(4) heterojunction is capable of photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to CH_(3)OH with high efficiency and selectivity.Under conditions where water serves as the electron source and a light intensity of 100 m W/cm^(2),the yield of CH_(3)OH reaches 130.5 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1) with a selectivity of 92 %,outperforming photocatalysts reported under similar conditions.展开更多
ISO releases two standards for textiles.Recently,two international standards,ISO 8159:2025,Textiles-Morphology of fibres and yarns-Vocabulary,and ISO 17971:2025,Textiles-Smart textiles-Test method for determining the ...ISO releases two standards for textiles.Recently,two international standards,ISO 8159:2025,Textiles-Morphology of fibres and yarns-Vocabulary,and ISO 17971:2025,Textiles-Smart textiles-Test method for determining the screen-touch properties of fabrics,were officially released.They are of positive significance for eliminating technical ambiguities in exchanges on textile products and filling the gaps in international standards.展开更多
The increased interest in geothermal energy is evident,along with the exploitation of traditional hydrothermal systems,in the growing research and projects developing around the reuse of already-drilled oil,gas,and ex...The increased interest in geothermal energy is evident,along with the exploitation of traditional hydrothermal systems,in the growing research and projects developing around the reuse of already-drilled oil,gas,and exploration wells.The Republic of Croatia has around 4000 wells,however,due to a long period since most of these wells were drilled and completed,there is uncertainty about how many are available for retrofitting as deep-borehole heat exchangers.Nevertheless,as hydrocarbon production decreases,it is expected that the number of wells available for the revitalization and exploitation of geothermal energy will increase.The revitalization of wells via deep-borehole heat exchangers involves installing a coaxial heat exchanger and circulating the working fluid in a closed system,during which heat is transferred from the surrounding rock medium to the circulating fluid.Since drilled wells are not of uniformdepth and are located in areas with different thermal rock properties and geothermal gradients,an analysis was conducted to determine available thermal energy as a function of well depth,geothermal gradient,and circulating fluid flow rate.Additionally,an economic analysis was performed to determine the benefits of retrofitting existing assets,such as drilled wells,compared to drilling new wells to obtain the same amount of thermal energy.展开更多
Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging is an advanced imaging technique that enables the detection of compounds at low concentrations with high sensitivity and spatial resolution and has been...Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging is an advanced imaging technique that enables the detection of compounds at low concentrations with high sensitivity and spatial resolution and has been extensively studied for diagnosing malignancy and stroke.In recent years,the emerging exploration of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging for detecting pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases has opened up new possibilities for early detection and repetitive scans without ionizing radiation.This review serves as an overview of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging with detailed information on contrast mechanisms and processing methods and summarizes recent developments in both clinical and preclinical studies of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging for Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease.A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar,focusing on peer-reviewed articles from the past 15 years relevant to clinical and preclinical applications.The findings suggest that chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to detect molecular changes and altered metabolism,which may aid in early diagnosis and assessment of the severity of neurodegenerative diseases.Although promising results have been observed in selected clinical and preclinical trials,further validations are needed to evaluate their clinical value.When combined with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods,chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging shows potential as an in vivo biomarker,enhancing the understanding of neuropathological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysers(AEMWEs)and fuel cells(AEMFCs)are critical technologies for converting renewable resources into green hydrogen(H_(2)),where anion-exchange membranes(AEMs)play a vital role in...Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysers(AEMWEs)and fuel cells(AEMFCs)are critical technologies for converting renewable resources into green hydrogen(H_(2)),where anion-exchange membranes(AEMs)play a vital role in efficiently transporting hydroxide ions(OH^(-))and minimizing fuel crossover,thus enhancing overall efficiency.While conventional AEMs with linear,side-chain,and block polymer architectures show promise through functionalization,their long-term performance remains a concern.To address this,hyperbranched polymers offer a promising alternative due to their three-dimensional structure,higher terminal functionality,and ease of functionalization.This unique architecture provides interconnected ion transport pathways,fractional free volume,and enhanced long-term stability in alkaline environments.Recent studies have achieved conductivities as high as 304.5 mS cm^(-1),attributed to their improved fractional free volume and microphase separation in hyperbranched AEMs.This review explores the chemical,mechanical,and ionic properties of hyperbranched AEMs in AEMFCs and assesses their potential for application in AEMWEs.Strategies such as blending and structural functionalisation have significantly improved the properties by promoting microphase separation and increasing the density of cationic groups on the polymer surface.The review provides essential insights for future research,highlighting the challenges and opportunities in developing high-performance hyperbranched AEMs to advance hydrogen energy infrastructure.展开更多
Hydrogen energy from electrocatalysis driven by sustainable energy has emerged as a solution against the background of carbon neutrality.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)-based electrocatalytic systems represent a promisi...Hydrogen energy from electrocatalysis driven by sustainable energy has emerged as a solution against the background of carbon neutrality.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)-based electrocatalytic systems represent a promising technology for hydrogen production,which is equipped to combine efficiently with intermittent electricity from renewable energy sources.In this review,PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H2 production are summarized systematically from low to high operating temperature systems.When the operating temperature is below 130℃,the representative device is a PEM water electrolyzer;its core components and respective functions,research status,and design strategies of key materials especially in electrocatalysts are presented and discussed.However,strong acidity,highly oxidative operating conditions,and the sluggish kinetics of the anode reaction of PEM water electrolyzers have limited their further development and shifted our attention to higher operating temperature PEM systems.Increasing the temperature of PEM-based electrocatalytic systems can cause an increase in current density,accelerate reaction kinetics and gas transport and reduce the ohmic value,activation losses,ΔGH*,and power consumption.Moreover,further increasing the operating temperature(120-300℃)of PEM-based devices endows various hydrogen carriers(e.g.,methanol,ethanol,and ammonia)with electrolysis,offering a new opportunity to produce hydrogen using PEM-based electrocatalytic systems.Finally,several future directions and prospects for developing PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H_(2) production are proposed through devoting more efforts to the key components of devices and reduction of costs.展开更多
Anion exchange membrane(AEM),as a kind of key membrane materials,has shown great application potential in many electrochemical fields,and remarkable progress has been made in related research in recent years.In this p...Anion exchange membrane(AEM),as a kind of key membrane materials,has shown great application potential in many electrochemical fields,and remarkable progress has been made in related research in recent years.In this paper,the research status of AEM is reviewed,including its material design,preparation method,performance optimization and application in the fields of hydrogen production by electrolytic water,fuel cell and water treatment.In terms of material design,new polymer skeleton structures are emerging to regulate the stability of ion conduction channels and membranes by introducing specific functional groups or changing the molecular chain structure.The preparation methods have been gradually expanded from the traditional solution casting method to more advanced technologies,such as interfacial polymerization and electrostatic spinning,which effectively improve the microstructure and property uniformity of the film.Performance optimization focuses on improving ion conductivity,reducing membrane swelling rate and enhancing chemical stability,and a variety of modification strategies are developed and applied.Despite the achievements made so far,there are still some challenges,such as the lack of long-term stability in highly alkaline environments.Future research needs to further explore new material systems and preparation processes in order to promote the wide application and sustainable development of AEM technology in energy,environmental protection and other fields.展开更多
Using real fields instead of complex ones, it was recently claimed, that all fermions are made of pairs of coupled fields (strings) with an internal tension related to mutual attraction forces, related to Planck’s co...Using real fields instead of complex ones, it was recently claimed, that all fermions are made of pairs of coupled fields (strings) with an internal tension related to mutual attraction forces, related to Planck’s constant. The solution to Dirac equation gives four, real, 2-vectors solutions ψ1=(U1D1)ψ2=(U2D2)ψ3=(U3D3)ψ4=(U4D4)where (ψ1,ψ4) are coupled via linear combinations to yield spin-up and spin-down fermions. Likewise, (ψ2,ψ3) are coupled via linear combinations to represent spin-up and spin-down anti-fermions. Here, a deeper investigation of the free fermion internal frequency is discussed, hinting to an exchange interaction between the two components of which a fermion is made of. An upper limit estimate is given to the strength of this interaction.展开更多
Heterojunction and morphology control assume a significant part in adjusting the intrinsic electromagnetic properties of absorbers to acquire outstanding microwave absorption(MA)performance,but this still faces huge c...Heterojunction and morphology control assume a significant part in adjusting the intrinsic electromagnetic properties of absorbers to acquire outstanding microwave absorption(MA)performance,but this still faces huge challenges.Herein,FeS_(2)/C/MoS_(2)composite with core–shell structure was successfully designed and prepared via a multi-interface engineering.MoS_(2)nanosheets with 1T and 2H phases are coated on the outside of FeS_(2)/C to form a porous interconnected structure that can optimize the impedance matching characteristics and strengthen the interfacial polarization loss capacity.Remarkably,as-fabricated FCM-3 harvests a broad effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.12 GHz and a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))value of-45.1 d B.Meanwhile,FCM-3 can accomplish a greatest radar cross section(RCS)reduction value of 18.52 d B m^(2)when the detection angle is 0°.Thus,the convenient computer simulation technology(CST)simulations and encouraging accomplishments provide a novel avenue for the further development of efficient and lightweight MA materials.展开更多
The Fourth Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning Among Civilisations was held in Dunhuang in Northwest China's Gansu Province on Friday,bringing together politicians,heads of international organisations,schola...The Fourth Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning Among Civilisations was held in Dunhuang in Northwest China's Gansu Province on Friday,bringing together politicians,heads of international organisations,scholars and experts to discuss the significance of exchanges and dialogues between different civilisations in a world facing many conflicts.展开更多
In his speech,Han Zheng said that exchanges and mutual learning among civilisations are important driving forces for the advancement of human civilisation as well as world peace and development.President Xi Jinping po...In his speech,Han Zheng said that exchanges and mutual learning among civilisations are important driving forces for the advancement of human civilisation as well as world peace and development.President Xi Jinping pointed out that civilisations become richer and more colourful with exchanges and mutual learning.As the futures of all countries are closely interconnected,inclusiveness,coexistence,exchanges and mutual learning among different civilisations will contribute to the common progress of humanity and promote global prosperity and development.展开更多
This study develops an analytical model to evaluate the cooling performance of a porous terracotta tubular direct evaporative heat and mass exchanger. By combining energy and mass balance equations with heat and mass ...This study develops an analytical model to evaluate the cooling performance of a porous terracotta tubular direct evaporative heat and mass exchanger. By combining energy and mass balance equations with heat and mass transfer coefficients and air psychrometric correlations, the model provides insights into the impact of design and operational parameters on the exchanger cooling performance. Validated against an established numerical model, it accurately simulates cooling behavior with a Root Mean Square Deviation of 0.43 - 1.18˚C under varying inlet air conditions. The results show that tube geometry, including equivalent diameter, flatness ratio, and length significantly influences cooling outcomes. Smaller diameters enhance wet-bulb effectiveness but reduce cooling capacity, while increased flatness and length improve both. For example, extending the flatness ratio of a 15 mm diameter, 0.6 m long tube from 1 (circular) to 4 raises the exchange surface area from 0.028 to 0.037 m2, increasing wet-bulb effectiveness from 60% to 71%. Recommended diameters range from 5 mm for tubes under 0.5 m to 1 cm for tubes 0.5 to 1 m in length. Optimal air velocities depend on tube length: 1 m/s for tubes under 0.8 m, 1.5 m/s for lengths of 0.8 to 1.2 m, and up to 2 m/s for longer tubes. This model offers a practical alternative to complex numerical and CFD methods, with potential applications in cooling tower optimization for thermal and nuclear power plants and geothermal heat exchangers.展开更多
China and Indonesia enjoy a long history of cultural and people-to-people exchanges.China’s porcelain and silk and Indonesia’s spices and wood were traded along the Maritime Silk Road since the Han Dynasty(202 BC-AD...China and Indonesia enjoy a long history of cultural and people-to-people exchanges.China’s porcelain and silk and Indonesia’s spices and wood were traded along the Maritime Silk Road since the Han Dynasty(202 BC-AD 220).During the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644),legendary Chinese explorer Zheng He brought Chinese silk,porcelain,and culture to Indonesia during his seven epic voyages.Historical sites and memories about Zheng He have been preserved in many places of Indonesia to this day.展开更多
Cambodia and China have long enjoyed a close relationship grounded in centuries of historical,cultural,and political ties.From their early connections in the 13th Century to today’s multifaceted partnership,the bond ...Cambodia and China have long enjoyed a close relationship grounded in centuries of historical,cultural,and political ties.From their early connections in the 13th Century to today’s multifaceted partnership,the bond between these two nations has been built on mutual respect and cooperation,fortified by economic collaboration and a profound connection between their peoples.Since the formal establishment of diplomatic ties in 1958,Cambodia and China have fostered an enduring“ironclad”friendship that weathered challenges and adapted to the everchanging global dynamics.展开更多
The China-CEEC Standardization Exchange Event on Science, Technology and Innovation was convened on December 12-13, 2024 in Yiwu, Zhejiang province.Hosted by China Science and Technology Exchange Center and held by Ch...The China-CEEC Standardization Exchange Event on Science, Technology and Innovation was convened on December 12-13, 2024 in Yiwu, Zhejiang province.Hosted by China Science and Technology Exchange Center and held by China Jiliang University (CJLU), the event was themed “standards innovation promotes high-quality development:tasks and challenges of standardization development of biomanufacturing”, which is the third event of the series of activities, China-CEEC Inno Share, in 2024.More than 150 representatives from governments, universities, research institutions and enterprises in 15 countries attended the meeting to discuss cutting-edge achievements in sci-tech innovation.展开更多
On March 5,the 2025 Cultural Exchange Activity for the Spouses of Diplomats in China themed“A Women’s Gathering.Stitching a Beautiful World”was held at EVE Castle in Beijing.This event was co-organized by the Spous...On March 5,the 2025 Cultural Exchange Activity for the Spouses of Diplomats in China themed“A Women’s Gathering.Stitching a Beautiful World”was held at EVE Castle in Beijing.This event was co-organized by the Spouses of Diplomats’Club and the Mexican Embassy in China.The wives of Ambassadors from many countries around the world have gathered in Beijing to celebrate International Women’s Day.展开更多
文摘A Tibetan art form bridges the past and present and connects cultures around the world.THANGKA,a unique form of Tibetan sacred painting,is gaining prominence globally due to its vibrant colors,exquisite craftsmanship,and profound religious and cultural significance.With the acceleration of globalization,this symbol of Tibetan culture that combines artistic expression with spirituality has become a bridge for cultural exchange between the East and the West.Recently,China Today spoke to Yixi Puncog,art collector and council member of the China Association for Preservation and Development of Tibetan Culture,to learn more about Thangka art,its role in international exchange,and how it is enhancing China’s cultural soft power.
文摘Ningxia is an ethnic gathering area boasting abundant tourism and cultural resources.Developing the cause of tourism and culture is an important way to encourage all ethnic groups to respect differences,embrace diversity,and demonstrate their interactions,exchanges,and integration in tourism activities.As an important preserve of the distinctive cultures of the Chinese nation and a prominent world tourist destination,Ningxia should strive to foster and consolidate the sense of a community with a shared future for the Chinese nation in developing its tourism and culture under the new historical conditions.It is imperative to advance the prosperity and development of tourism and culture in boosting ethnic interactions,exchanges,and integration through the formulation of tourism and cultural policies and plans,as well as the development and design of tourism and cultural projects.
文摘Covalent organic framework ionomers enable synergistic efficient transport of protons and oxygen in medium-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),as clean and efficient energy technologies,are constrained in their performance enhancement by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics at the cathode,anode CO poisoning(e.g.,from methanol crossover)and intricate water management dilemmas[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52277225)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xtr052024009).
文摘Proton exchange membranes(PEMs)play a central role in determining the efficiency,durability,and operational flexibility of PEM fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,conventional PEMs exhibit strong temperature-dependent proton-transport behavior,which limits their ability to support both rapid start-up at low temperatures and stable operation at elevated temperatures.Water-mediated PEMs show excellent conductivity under low-temperature and high-humidity conditions but suffer from dehydration and structural instability in the high-temperature regime.In contrast,water-independent PEMs,particularly phosphoric-acid-doped systems,conduct protons efficiently under anhydrous high-temperature conditions yet experience acid leaching that hampers room-temperature start-up and long-term durability.This review summarizes the fundamental proton-transport mechanisms that govern temperature-dependent performance and discusses recent advances in materials design aimed at enabling wide-temperature-range PEM operation.For water-mediated membranes,strategies such as incorporating hydrophilic fillers,constructing confined hydrophilic domains,and introducing additional proton-transfer sites have been developed to mitigate water loss and stabilize proton conduction.For water-independent membranes,approaches including strengthening polymer–acid interactions,engineering nanoscale confinement,designing multilayer architectures,and constructing multi–proton-carrier networks effectively improve acid retention and broaden operational temperature windows.Emerging fixed-carrier systems based on phosphonic-acid-grafted polymers,metal–organic frameworks,and covalent organic frameworks offer new pathways for stable anhydrous proton conduction across a wide temperature range.We conclude by outlining key challenges and future research opportunities,including reducing the dependence on volatile or leachable proton carriers,developing adaptive nanochannel architectures,improving anhydrous high-temperature conduction,and establishing scalable membrane fabrication methods.Continued innovation in these directions is expected to enable next-generation wide-temperature-range PEMs capable of flexible,high-efficiency operation from sub-zero to high-temperature conditions.
基金financially supported the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2022YFA1502902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,Nos.22475152 and U21A20286)the 111 Project of China (No.D17003)。
文摘Converting CO_(2) into methanol(CH_(3)OH),a high-value-added liquid-phase product,through efficient and highly selective photocatalysis remains a significant challenge.Herein,we present a straightforward cation exchange strategy for the in-situ growth of BiVO_(4) on an InVO_(4) substrate to generate a Z-scheme heterojunction of InVO_(4)/BiVO_(4) .This in-situ partial transformation approach endows the InVO_(4)/BiVO_(4) heterojunction with a tightly connected interface,resulting in a significant improvement in charge separation efficiency between InVO_(4) and BiVO_(4).Moreover,the construction of the heterojunction reduces the formation energy barrier of the ^(*)COOH intermediate during the photoreduction of CO_(2) and increases the desorption energy barrier of the ^(*)CO intermediate,facilitating the deep reduction of ^(*)CO.Consequently,the InVO_(4)/BiVO_(4) heterojunction is capable of photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to CH_(3)OH with high efficiency and selectivity.Under conditions where water serves as the electron source and a light intensity of 100 m W/cm^(2),the yield of CH_(3)OH reaches 130.5 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1) with a selectivity of 92 %,outperforming photocatalysts reported under similar conditions.
文摘ISO releases two standards for textiles.Recently,two international standards,ISO 8159:2025,Textiles-Morphology of fibres and yarns-Vocabulary,and ISO 17971:2025,Textiles-Smart textiles-Test method for determining the screen-touch properties of fabrics,were officially released.They are of positive significance for eliminating technical ambiguities in exchanges on textile products and filling the gaps in international standards.
文摘The increased interest in geothermal energy is evident,along with the exploitation of traditional hydrothermal systems,in the growing research and projects developing around the reuse of already-drilled oil,gas,and exploration wells.The Republic of Croatia has around 4000 wells,however,due to a long period since most of these wells were drilled and completed,there is uncertainty about how many are available for retrofitting as deep-borehole heat exchangers.Nevertheless,as hydrocarbon production decreases,it is expected that the number of wells available for the revitalization and exploitation of geothermal energy will increase.The revitalization of wells via deep-borehole heat exchangers involves installing a coaxial heat exchanger and circulating the working fluid in a closed system,during which heat is transferred from the surrounding rock medium to the circulating fluid.Since drilled wells are not of uniformdepth and are located in areas with different thermal rock properties and geothermal gradients,an analysis was conducted to determine available thermal energy as a function of well depth,geothermal gradient,and circulating fluid flow rate.Additionally,an economic analysis was performed to determine the benefits of retrofitting existing assets,such as drilled wells,compared to drilling new wells to obtain the same amount of thermal energy.
基金supported by The University of Hong Kong,China(109000487,109001694,204610401,and 204610519)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82402225)(to JH).
文摘Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging is an advanced imaging technique that enables the detection of compounds at low concentrations with high sensitivity and spatial resolution and has been extensively studied for diagnosing malignancy and stroke.In recent years,the emerging exploration of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging for detecting pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases has opened up new possibilities for early detection and repetitive scans without ionizing radiation.This review serves as an overview of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging with detailed information on contrast mechanisms and processing methods and summarizes recent developments in both clinical and preclinical studies of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging for Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease.A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar,focusing on peer-reviewed articles from the past 15 years relevant to clinical and preclinical applications.The findings suggest that chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to detect molecular changes and altered metabolism,which may aid in early diagnosis and assessment of the severity of neurodegenerative diseases.Although promising results have been observed in selected clinical and preclinical trials,further validations are needed to evaluate their clinical value.When combined with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods,chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging shows potential as an in vivo biomarker,enhancing the understanding of neuropathological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases.
基金UKRI financial support under grant number EP/Y026098/1 for Global Hydrogen Production Technologies(HyPT)Center。
文摘Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysers(AEMWEs)and fuel cells(AEMFCs)are critical technologies for converting renewable resources into green hydrogen(H_(2)),where anion-exchange membranes(AEMs)play a vital role in efficiently transporting hydroxide ions(OH^(-))and minimizing fuel crossover,thus enhancing overall efficiency.While conventional AEMs with linear,side-chain,and block polymer architectures show promise through functionalization,their long-term performance remains a concern.To address this,hyperbranched polymers offer a promising alternative due to their three-dimensional structure,higher terminal functionality,and ease of functionalization.This unique architecture provides interconnected ion transport pathways,fractional free volume,and enhanced long-term stability in alkaline environments.Recent studies have achieved conductivities as high as 304.5 mS cm^(-1),attributed to their improved fractional free volume and microphase separation in hyperbranched AEMs.This review explores the chemical,mechanical,and ionic properties of hyperbranched AEMs in AEMFCs and assesses their potential for application in AEMWEs.Strategies such as blending and structural functionalisation have significantly improved the properties by promoting microphase separation and increasing the density of cationic groups on the polymer surface.The review provides essential insights for future research,highlighting the challenges and opportunities in developing high-performance hyperbranched AEMs to advance hydrogen energy infrastructure.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFA1500900Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province-Regional Joint Fund Project,Grant/Award Number:2021B1515120024+9 种基金Science Funds of the Education Office of Jiangxi Province,Grant/Award Number:GJJ2201324Science Funds of Jiangxi Province,Grant/Award Numbers:20242BAB25168,20224BAB213018Doctoral Research Start-up Funds of JXSTNU,Grant/Award Number:2022BSQD05China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023M741121National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22172047Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,Grant/Award Number:2021JJ30089Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Number:JCYJ20210324122209025Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:kq2107008Hunan Province of Huxiang Talent project,Grant/Award Number:2023rc3118Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2022JJ10006.
文摘Hydrogen energy from electrocatalysis driven by sustainable energy has emerged as a solution against the background of carbon neutrality.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)-based electrocatalytic systems represent a promising technology for hydrogen production,which is equipped to combine efficiently with intermittent electricity from renewable energy sources.In this review,PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H2 production are summarized systematically from low to high operating temperature systems.When the operating temperature is below 130℃,the representative device is a PEM water electrolyzer;its core components and respective functions,research status,and design strategies of key materials especially in electrocatalysts are presented and discussed.However,strong acidity,highly oxidative operating conditions,and the sluggish kinetics of the anode reaction of PEM water electrolyzers have limited their further development and shifted our attention to higher operating temperature PEM systems.Increasing the temperature of PEM-based electrocatalytic systems can cause an increase in current density,accelerate reaction kinetics and gas transport and reduce the ohmic value,activation losses,ΔGH*,and power consumption.Moreover,further increasing the operating temperature(120-300℃)of PEM-based devices endows various hydrogen carriers(e.g.,methanol,ethanol,and ammonia)with electrolysis,offering a new opportunity to produce hydrogen using PEM-based electrocatalytic systems.Finally,several future directions and prospects for developing PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H_(2) production are proposed through devoting more efforts to the key components of devices and reduction of costs.
基金“Grassland Talents”of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT23030)Technology Breakthrough Engineering Hydrogen Energy Field“Unveiling and Leading”Project(2024KJTW0018)+3 种基金“Steed Plan High Level Talents”of Inner Mongolia University,Carbon neutralization research project(STZX202218)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20107),Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation(2023MS02002)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion(MATEC2024KF011)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1205201).
文摘Anion exchange membrane(AEM),as a kind of key membrane materials,has shown great application potential in many electrochemical fields,and remarkable progress has been made in related research in recent years.In this paper,the research status of AEM is reviewed,including its material design,preparation method,performance optimization and application in the fields of hydrogen production by electrolytic water,fuel cell and water treatment.In terms of material design,new polymer skeleton structures are emerging to regulate the stability of ion conduction channels and membranes by introducing specific functional groups or changing the molecular chain structure.The preparation methods have been gradually expanded from the traditional solution casting method to more advanced technologies,such as interfacial polymerization and electrostatic spinning,which effectively improve the microstructure and property uniformity of the film.Performance optimization focuses on improving ion conductivity,reducing membrane swelling rate and enhancing chemical stability,and a variety of modification strategies are developed and applied.Despite the achievements made so far,there are still some challenges,such as the lack of long-term stability in highly alkaline environments.Future research needs to further explore new material systems and preparation processes in order to promote the wide application and sustainable development of AEM technology in energy,environmental protection and other fields.
文摘Using real fields instead of complex ones, it was recently claimed, that all fermions are made of pairs of coupled fields (strings) with an internal tension related to mutual attraction forces, related to Planck’s constant. The solution to Dirac equation gives four, real, 2-vectors solutions ψ1=(U1D1)ψ2=(U2D2)ψ3=(U3D3)ψ4=(U4D4)where (ψ1,ψ4) are coupled via linear combinations to yield spin-up and spin-down fermions. Likewise, (ψ2,ψ3) are coupled via linear combinations to represent spin-up and spin-down anti-fermions. Here, a deeper investigation of the free fermion internal frequency is discussed, hinting to an exchange interaction between the two components of which a fermion is made of. An upper limit estimate is given to the strength of this interaction.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52402354,62174016 and 12374394)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M740471)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Nos.24KJB430002)。
文摘Heterojunction and morphology control assume a significant part in adjusting the intrinsic electromagnetic properties of absorbers to acquire outstanding microwave absorption(MA)performance,but this still faces huge challenges.Herein,FeS_(2)/C/MoS_(2)composite with core–shell structure was successfully designed and prepared via a multi-interface engineering.MoS_(2)nanosheets with 1T and 2H phases are coated on the outside of FeS_(2)/C to form a porous interconnected structure that can optimize the impedance matching characteristics and strengthen the interfacial polarization loss capacity.Remarkably,as-fabricated FCM-3 harvests a broad effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.12 GHz and a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))value of-45.1 d B.Meanwhile,FCM-3 can accomplish a greatest radar cross section(RCS)reduction value of 18.52 d B m^(2)when the detection angle is 0°.Thus,the convenient computer simulation technology(CST)simulations and encouraging accomplishments provide a novel avenue for the further development of efficient and lightweight MA materials.
文摘The Fourth Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning Among Civilisations was held in Dunhuang in Northwest China's Gansu Province on Friday,bringing together politicians,heads of international organisations,scholars and experts to discuss the significance of exchanges and dialogues between different civilisations in a world facing many conflicts.
文摘In his speech,Han Zheng said that exchanges and mutual learning among civilisations are important driving forces for the advancement of human civilisation as well as world peace and development.President Xi Jinping pointed out that civilisations become richer and more colourful with exchanges and mutual learning.As the futures of all countries are closely interconnected,inclusiveness,coexistence,exchanges and mutual learning among different civilisations will contribute to the common progress of humanity and promote global prosperity and development.
文摘This study develops an analytical model to evaluate the cooling performance of a porous terracotta tubular direct evaporative heat and mass exchanger. By combining energy and mass balance equations with heat and mass transfer coefficients and air psychrometric correlations, the model provides insights into the impact of design and operational parameters on the exchanger cooling performance. Validated against an established numerical model, it accurately simulates cooling behavior with a Root Mean Square Deviation of 0.43 - 1.18˚C under varying inlet air conditions. The results show that tube geometry, including equivalent diameter, flatness ratio, and length significantly influences cooling outcomes. Smaller diameters enhance wet-bulb effectiveness but reduce cooling capacity, while increased flatness and length improve both. For example, extending the flatness ratio of a 15 mm diameter, 0.6 m long tube from 1 (circular) to 4 raises the exchange surface area from 0.028 to 0.037 m2, increasing wet-bulb effectiveness from 60% to 71%. Recommended diameters range from 5 mm for tubes under 0.5 m to 1 cm for tubes 0.5 to 1 m in length. Optimal air velocities depend on tube length: 1 m/s for tubes under 0.8 m, 1.5 m/s for lengths of 0.8 to 1.2 m, and up to 2 m/s for longer tubes. This model offers a practical alternative to complex numerical and CFD methods, with potential applications in cooling tower optimization for thermal and nuclear power plants and geothermal heat exchangers.
文摘China and Indonesia enjoy a long history of cultural and people-to-people exchanges.China’s porcelain and silk and Indonesia’s spices and wood were traded along the Maritime Silk Road since the Han Dynasty(202 BC-AD 220).During the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644),legendary Chinese explorer Zheng He brought Chinese silk,porcelain,and culture to Indonesia during his seven epic voyages.Historical sites and memories about Zheng He have been preserved in many places of Indonesia to this day.
文摘Cambodia and China have long enjoyed a close relationship grounded in centuries of historical,cultural,and political ties.From their early connections in the 13th Century to today’s multifaceted partnership,the bond between these two nations has been built on mutual respect and cooperation,fortified by economic collaboration and a profound connection between their peoples.Since the formal establishment of diplomatic ties in 1958,Cambodia and China have fostered an enduring“ironclad”friendship that weathered challenges and adapted to the everchanging global dynamics.
文摘The China-CEEC Standardization Exchange Event on Science, Technology and Innovation was convened on December 12-13, 2024 in Yiwu, Zhejiang province.Hosted by China Science and Technology Exchange Center and held by China Jiliang University (CJLU), the event was themed “standards innovation promotes high-quality development:tasks and challenges of standardization development of biomanufacturing”, which is the third event of the series of activities, China-CEEC Inno Share, in 2024.More than 150 representatives from governments, universities, research institutions and enterprises in 15 countries attended the meeting to discuss cutting-edge achievements in sci-tech innovation.
文摘On March 5,the 2025 Cultural Exchange Activity for the Spouses of Diplomats in China themed“A Women’s Gathering.Stitching a Beautiful World”was held at EVE Castle in Beijing.This event was co-organized by the Spouses of Diplomats’Club and the Mexican Embassy in China.The wives of Ambassadors from many countries around the world have gathered in Beijing to celebrate International Women’s Day.
