The Zagros forests are a treasure of valuable oak forests, but they have been severely degraded from long-term misuse. Geographic information systems （GIS） and multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） have been inc...The Zagros forests are a treasure of valuable oak forests, but they have been severely degraded from long-term misuse. Geographic information systems （GIS） and multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） have been increasingly used to improve the management of vulnerable ecosystems to prevent further degradation and increase the sustainability of land use. This study presents a methodology to assess land suitability using remote sensing （RS） to obtain wall-to-wall data for the calculations, GIS to analyze the data, and MCDA to rank alternative land uses. The criteria and subcriteria affecting the suitability of land for different uses were identified and weighted using an analytic hierarchy process. Variables used as subcriteria were assessed using satellite data and other sources of information such as existing maps and field surveys. Numerical values for the subcriteria were classified, and each class was given a priority rating according to expert judgments. Based on the ratings and weights of the subcriteria, a priority map was created for each land use using the weighted linear combination method. The priority maps for different land uses were overlaid to obtain a preliminary land use map, which often indicated several simultaneous land uses for the same location. The preliminary map was further edited by removing unrealistic, mutually exclusive land-use combinations. The study tested and demonstrated the potential of integrating RS, G1S and MCDA techniques for solving complicated land allocation problems in forested regions using a scientifically sound and practical approach for efficient and sustainable allocation of forestland for different uses.展开更多
The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidom...The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidomics and bioinformatics were used to screen flavor peptides from Inner Mongolian cheese and further assess their antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory properties.According to sensory data,YH8 and IL7 had detectable bitter tastes with low thresholds of 0.03 and 0.06 mmol/L,respectively.With an umami threshold range of 0.24‒0.81 mmol/L,VQ6,FK13,HP13 and QT14 exhibited a range of flavors dominated by umami,including sweet,bitter,salty,sour and kokumi.Antioxidant activity wise,YH8,VQ6,HP13 and QT14 were well represented.The above-mentioned peptides all had some ACE inhibitory effect.The bitter peptide IL7(IC_(50)=0.08 mmol/L)had the highest level of ACE inhibitory activity,followed by YH8(IC_(50)=0.33 mmol/L).These multi-functional peptides,which have been assessed for bioactive and taste features in Inner Mongolian cheese,may have positive impacts on health and harmonize the cheese’s overall flavor.These results suggest that some flavor peptides produced in fermented foods might be with bioactivities while providing a basis for the exploration and application of multi-functional peptides.展开更多
Figure 6(a)in the paper[Chin.Phys.B 33074203(2024)]was incorrect due to editorial oversight.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
The experimental idea of the present project was elaborated in order to create a structure where different categories and institutions could collaborate, with the common aim to develop a sustainable and profitable agr...The experimental idea of the present project was elaborated in order to create a structure where different categories and institutions could collaborate, with the common aim to develop a sustainable and profitable agriculture in mountain and marginal areas. The target was the recovering of an abandoned agricultural site, throughout its re-organisation, re-qualification and auto-sustainability, involving local citizens. This approach was based on three further broad functions such as environmental, economic and social purposes. This cooperation, that allows the capitalization of local knowledge and the forging of relationships between local and external sources of expertise, information and advice, is fundamental to the future of existing rural communities, in particular in mountain areas. The model proposed, with the elaboration of a management software and technical agronomic sheets, could be an incentive for the activities already present in that region and to stimulate new ones. The enhancing of the native ecological system, the biodiversity tutelage and the valorization of the knowledge of the territory is the basic requirement for the successful of any land management.展开更多
Sudden wildfires cause significant global ecological damage.While satellite imagery has advanced early fire detection and mitigation,image-based systems face limitations including high false alarm rates,visual obstruc...Sudden wildfires cause significant global ecological damage.While satellite imagery has advanced early fire detection and mitigation,image-based systems face limitations including high false alarm rates,visual obstructions,and substantial computational demands,especially in complex forest terrains.To address these challenges,this study proposes a novel forest fire detection model utilizing audio classification and machine learning.We developed an audio-based pipeline using real-world environmental sound recordings.Sounds were converted into Mel-spectrograms and classified via a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),enabling the capture of distinctive fire acoustic signatures(e.g.,crackling,roaring)that are minimally impacted by visual or weather conditions.Internet of Things(IoT)sound sensors were crucial for generating complex environmental parameters to optimize feature extraction.The CNN model achieved high performance in stratified 5-fold cross-validation(92.4%±1.6 accuracy,91.2%±1.8 F1-score)and on test data(94.93%accuracy,93.04%F1-score),with 98.44%precision and 88.32%recall,demonstrating reliability across environmental conditions.These results indicate that the audio-based approach not only improves detection reliability but also markedly reduces computational overhead compared to traditional image-based methods.The findings suggest that acoustic sensing integrated with machine learning offers a powerful,low-cost,and efficient solution for real-time forest fire monitoring in complex,dynamic environments.展开更多
Multi-functional Al-matrix composites with high volume fraction （55%-57%） of SiC particles are produced with the new pressureless infiltration fabrication technology. X-ray detection and microscopic observation disp...Multi-functional Al-matrix composites with high volume fraction （55%-57%） of SiC particles are produced with the new pressureless infiltration fabrication technology. X-ray detection and microscopic observation display the composites which are macroscopically homogeneous without porosity. The investigation further reveals that the SiC/Al composites possess low density （2.94 g/cm^3）, high elastic modulus （220 GPa）, prominent thermal management function as a result of low coefficient of thermal expansion （8 × 10^4 K^-1） and high thermal conductivity （235 W/（m.K）） as well as unique preventability of resonance vibration. By adopting a series of developed techniques, the multi-functional SiC/Al composites have managed to be made into near-net-shape parts. Many kinds of precision components of space-based optomechanical structures and airborne optoelectronic platform have been turned out. Of them, several typical products are being under test in practices.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs） are a unique class of porous crystalline materials that have shown promise for a wide range of applications. MOFs have been explored as a new type of heterogeneous catalytic materials,...Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs） are a unique class of porous crystalline materials that have shown promise for a wide range of applications. MOFs have been explored as a new type of heterogeneous catalytic materials, because of their high surface area, uniform and tunable pores, facile functionalization and incorporation of catalytic active sites. The use of multi-functional sites MOF materials as catalysts for synergistic catalysis and tandem reactions has attracted increasing attention. In this review, we aim to introduce the construction of bi-or multi-functional MOF catalysts with cooperative or cascade functions via post-synthetic modification（PSM）.展开更多
To fulfill the demands for higher quality,efficiency and flexibility in aviation industry,a multi-functional end effector is designed to automate the drilling and riveting processes in assembling carbon fiber reinforc...To fulfill the demands for higher quality,efficiency and flexibility in aviation industry,a multi-functional end effector is designed to automate the drilling and riveting processes in assembling carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)and aluminum components for a robotic aircraft assembly system.To meet the specific functional requirements for blind rivet installation on CFRP and aluminum materials,additional modules are incorporated on the end effector aside of the basic processing modules for drilling.And all of these processing modules allow for a onestep-drilling-countersinking process,hole inspection,automatic rivet feed,rivet geometry check,sealant application,rivet insertion and installation.Besides,to guarantee the better quality of the hole drilled and joints riveted,several online detection and adjustment measures are applied to this end effector,including the reference detection and perpendicular calibration,which could effectively ensure the positioning precision and perpendicular accuracy as demanded.Finally,the test result shows that this end effector is capable of producing each hole to a positioning precision within ±0.5 mm,aperpendicular accuracy within 0.3°,a diameter tolerance of H8,and a countersink depth tolerance of±0.01 mm.Moreover,it could drill and rivet up to three joints per minute,with acceptable shearing and tensile strength.展开更多
Folate receptor(FR)overexpression occurs in a variety of cancers,including pancreatic cancer.In addition,enhanced macropinocytosis exists in K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer.Furthermore,the occurrence of intensive desmo...Folate receptor(FR)overexpression occurs in a variety of cancers,including pancreatic cancer.In addition,enhanced macropinocytosis exists in K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer.Furthermore,the occurrence of intensive desmoplasia causes a hypoxic microenvironment in pancreatic cancer.In this study,a novel FR-directed,macropinocytosis-enhanced,and highly cytotoxic bioconjugate folate(F)-human serum albumin(HSA)-apoprotein of lidamycin(LDP)-active enediyne(AE)derived from lidamycin was designed and prepared.F-HSA-LDP-AE consisted of four moieties:F,HSA,LDP,and AE.F-HSA-LDP presented high binding efficiency with the FR and pancreatic cancer cells.Its uptake in wild-type cells was more extensive than in K-Ras mutant-type cells.By in vivo optical imaging,F-HSA-LDP displayed prominent tumor-specific biodistribution in pancreatic cancer xenograft-bearing mice,showing clear and lasting tumor localization for 360 h.In the MTT assay,F-HSA-LDP-AE demonstrated potent cytotoxicity in three types of pancreatic cancer cell lines.It also induced apoptosis and caused G2/M cell cycle arrest.F-HSALDP-AE markedly suppressed the tumor growth of AsPc-1 pancreatic cancer xenografts in athymic mice.At well-tolerated doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg,(i.v.,twice),the inhibition rates were 91.2%and 94.8%,respectively(P<0.01).The results of this study indicate that the F-HSA-LDP multi-functional bioconjugate might be effective for treating K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer.展开更多
Photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE), as a novel physical effect in light–matter interaction, provides an effective metrological method for characterizing the tiny variation in refractive index(RI). In this work, we propo...Photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE), as a novel physical effect in light–matter interaction, provides an effective metrological method for characterizing the tiny variation in refractive index(RI). In this work, we propose a multi-functional PSHE sensor based on VO_(2), a material that can reveal the phase transition behavior. By applying thermal control, the mutual transformation into different phase states of VO_(2) can be realized, which contributes to the flexible switching between multiple RI sensing tasks. When VO_(2) is insulating, the ultrasensitive detection of glucose concentrations in human blood is achieved. When VO_(2) is in a mixed phase, the structure can be designed to distinguish between the normal cells and cancer cells through no-label and real-time monitoring. When VO_(2) is metallic, the proposed PSHE sensor can act as an RI indicator for gas analytes. Compared with other multi-functional sensing devices with the complex structures, our design consists of only one analyte and two VO_(2) layers, which is very simple and elegant. Therefore, the proposed VO_(2)-based PSHE sensor has outstanding advantages such as small size, high sensitivity, no-label, and real-time detection, providing a new approach for investigating tunable multi-functional sensors.展开更多
We propose a novel and efficient multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer(DWDM).This system consists of an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber strain...We propose a novel and efficient multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer(DWDM).This system consists of an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber strain sensor, and a 48-channel DWDM.This system can monitor temperature and strain changes at the same time.The ranges of these two sensors are from-20℃ to 100℃ and from-1000 με to 2000 με, respectively.The sensitivities of the temperature sensor and strain sensor are 0.03572 nm/℃ and 0.03808 nm/N, respectively.With the aid of a broadband source and spectrometer,different kinds and ranges of parameters in the environment can be monitored by using suitable sensors.展开更多
A compound multi-functional sensor was designed by the study on the on-line testing technology of wood-based panels, and its properties of shape, functions, size, resistance to special environment were studied in deta...A compound multi-functional sensor was designed by the study on the on-line testing technology of wood-based panels, and its properties of shape, functions, size, resistance to special environment were studied in details. The operational principles of different sensors, technical flow of manufacturing, development of software systems of special functions, and the assessments of technical specification were also be introduced. This sensor adopted many new technologies, such as the applications of piezoresistant effect and heat sensitive effect can effectively measure the pressure and temperature, digital signal processing technology was used to extract and treat signals, and resist interference, encapsulation technology was used to keep the normal run of sensor under a harsh environment. Thus, the on-line compound multi-functional temperature/pressure sensor can be applied better to supervise the production of wood-based panels. All technical specifications of the compound multi-functional sensor were tested and the results met the requirements of the equipments.展开更多
A new appraisal method（QDA, quasi-distribution appraisal） which could be used to evaluate the finite element analysis of multi-functional structure made of honeycomb sandwich materials is developed based on sub-sect...A new appraisal method（QDA, quasi-distribution appraisal） which could be used to evaluate the finite element analysis of multi-functional structure made of honeycomb sandwich materials is developed based on sub-section Bezier curve. It is established by simulating the distribution histogram data obtained from the numerical finite element analysis values of a satellite component with sub-section Bezier curve. Being dealt with area normalization method, the simulation curve could be regarded as a kind of probability density function（PDF）, its mathematical expectation and the variance could be used to evaluate the result of finite element analysis. Numerical experiments have indicated that the QDA method demonstrates the intrinsic characteristics of the finite element analysis of multi-functional structure made of honeycomb sandwich materials, as an appraisal method, it is effective and feasible.展开更多
Calcium is a critical second messenger molecule in all cells and is vital in neurons for synaptic transmission.Given this importance,calcium ions are tightly controlled by a host of molecular players including ion cha...Calcium is a critical second messenger molecule in all cells and is vital in neurons for synaptic transmission.Given this importance,calcium ions are tightly controlled by a host of molecular players including ion channels,sensors,and buffering proteins.Calcium can act directly by binding to signaling molecules or calcium’s effects can be indirect,for example by altering nuclear histones.展开更多
In order to meet increasing demand for higher productivity and flexibility, recently many kinds of multi-functional machine tools, which are capable of multiple machining functions or different kinds of machining proc...In order to meet increasing demand for higher productivity and flexibility, recently many kinds of multi-functional machine tools, which are capable of multiple machining functions or different kinds of machining processes on one machine, have been developed and widely used in manufacturing industries. In this study, a multi-functional turning lathe, which has two spindles and two turrets so that multiple turning operations and various machining processes could be performed simultaneously, has been developed. Furthermore, the equations of correlation between whole responses and cross responses of the two spindles have been derived to examine to what extent the two spindles affect each other’s vibrations.展开更多
A better understanding of the structure and dynamics of disturbed forests is key for forecasting their future successional trajectories.Despite vulnerability of subalpine forests to warming climate,little is known as ...A better understanding of the structure and dynamics of disturbed forests is key for forecasting their future successional trajectories.Despite vulnerability of subalpine forests to warming climate,little is known as to how their community composition has responded to disturbances and climate warming over decades.Before the 1970s,subalpine forests on the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mainly experienced logging and fire,but afterwards they were more impacted by climate warming.Thus,they provide an excellent setting to test whether disturbances and climate warming led to changes in forest structure.Based on the analysis of 3145 forest inventory plots at 4-to 5-year resolution,we found that spruce-fir forests shifted to pine and broadleaved forests since the early 1970s.Such a turnover in species composition mainly occurred in the 1994e1998 period.By strongly altering site conditions,disturbances in concert with climate warming reshuffle community composition to warm-adapted broadleaf-pine species.Thus,moderate disturbances shifted forest composition through a gradual loss of resilience of spruce-fir forests.Shifts in these foundation species will have profound impacts on ecosystem functions and services.In the future,broadleaved forests could expand more rapidly than evergreen needle-leaved forests under moderate warming scenarios.In addition to climate,the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on subalpine forests should be considered in adaptive forest management and in projections of future forest changes.展开更多
This study presents a design of a multifunctional laparoscopic appendectomy device that includes three surgical instruments commonly used in laparoscopic appendicitis surgeries:endoloop,endobag and scissors.It collect...This study presents a design of a multifunctional laparoscopic appendectomy device that includes three surgical instruments commonly used in laparoscopic appendicitis surgeries:endoloop,endobag and scissors.It collects these three independent surgical tools in a single laparoscopic appendectomy device.These days there is a trend of moving to multi-functional surgery devices during minimally invasive surgery.The main reasons behind the minimal invasive surgery are to avoid changing the devices several times during the operation,to reduce the time spent in operation,to increase the efficiency of the operation,to facilitate the follow-up of the camera and devices,and to leave trocars to be used for other surgical instruments.The multi-functional appendectomy device that,we present here,provides these benefits.The standard trocar entries are appropriate for its usage.The presented multifunctional laparoscopic appendectomy device offers more practical use in comparison to individual devices.On the other hand,development of these multi-functional surgery devices can be directly enhanced to the robotic surgery devices.展开更多
The paper intfoduces a PC-DSP based real-time digital simulator which is portable in size and aimed at the closed-loop testing of various types of protective relays for their design and application. The simulator can ...The paper intfoduces a PC-DSP based real-time digital simulator which is portable in size and aimed at the closed-loop testing of various types of protective relays for their design and application. The simulator can be widely used in not only concerning utilities but also manufacturers and research / certification institutes because of its many functions. The hardware architecture and software implementation of the simulator are described. The main features and functions of the simulator are also展开更多
The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We r...The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We retrieved the start of spring phenology(SOS)of eight forest communities from the MODIS products and adopted it as an indicator for spring phenology.Trend analysis,partial correlation analysis,and GeoDetector were employed to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns and climatic drivers of SOS.The results indicated that the SOS presented an advance trend from 2001 to 2020,with a mean rate of−0.473 d yr^(−1).The SOS of most forests correlated negatively with air temperature(TEMP)and positively with precipitation(PRE),suggesting that rising TEMP and increasing PRE in spring would forward and delay SOS,respectively.The dominant factors influencing the sensitivity of SOS to climatic variables were altitude,forest type,and latitude,while the effects of slope and aspect were relatively minor.The response of SOS to climatic factors varied significantly in space and among forest communities,partly due to the influence of altitude,slope,and aspect.展开更多
文摘The Zagros forests are a treasure of valuable oak forests, but they have been severely degraded from long-term misuse. Geographic information systems （GIS） and multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） have been increasingly used to improve the management of vulnerable ecosystems to prevent further degradation and increase the sustainability of land use. This study presents a methodology to assess land suitability using remote sensing （RS） to obtain wall-to-wall data for the calculations, GIS to analyze the data, and MCDA to rank alternative land uses. The criteria and subcriteria affecting the suitability of land for different uses were identified and weighted using an analytic hierarchy process. Variables used as subcriteria were assessed using satellite data and other sources of information such as existing maps and field surveys. Numerical values for the subcriteria were classified, and each class was given a priority rating according to expert judgments. Based on the ratings and weights of the subcriteria, a priority map was created for each land use using the weighted linear combination method. The priority maps for different land uses were overlaid to obtain a preliminary land use map, which often indicated several simultaneous land uses for the same location. The preliminary map was further edited by removing unrealistic, mutually exclusive land-use combinations. The study tested and demonstrated the potential of integrating RS, G1S and MCDA techniques for solving complicated land allocation problems in forested regions using a scientifically sound and practical approach for efficient and sustainable allocation of forestland for different uses.
基金supported by the central government and guides local funds for science and technology development(2022ZY0109).
文摘The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidomics and bioinformatics were used to screen flavor peptides from Inner Mongolian cheese and further assess their antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory properties.According to sensory data,YH8 and IL7 had detectable bitter tastes with low thresholds of 0.03 and 0.06 mmol/L,respectively.With an umami threshold range of 0.24‒0.81 mmol/L,VQ6,FK13,HP13 and QT14 exhibited a range of flavors dominated by umami,including sweet,bitter,salty,sour and kokumi.Antioxidant activity wise,YH8,VQ6,HP13 and QT14 were well represented.The above-mentioned peptides all had some ACE inhibitory effect.The bitter peptide IL7(IC_(50)=0.08 mmol/L)had the highest level of ACE inhibitory activity,followed by YH8(IC_(50)=0.33 mmol/L).These multi-functional peptides,which have been assessed for bioactive and taste features in Inner Mongolian cheese,may have positive impacts on health and harmonize the cheese’s overall flavor.These results suggest that some flavor peptides produced in fermented foods might be with bioactivities while providing a basis for the exploration and application of multi-functional peptides.
文摘Figure 6(a)in the paper[Chin.Phys.B 33074203(2024)]was incorrect due to editorial oversight.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
文摘The experimental idea of the present project was elaborated in order to create a structure where different categories and institutions could collaborate, with the common aim to develop a sustainable and profitable agriculture in mountain and marginal areas. The target was the recovering of an abandoned agricultural site, throughout its re-organisation, re-qualification and auto-sustainability, involving local citizens. This approach was based on three further broad functions such as environmental, economic and social purposes. This cooperation, that allows the capitalization of local knowledge and the forging of relationships between local and external sources of expertise, information and advice, is fundamental to the future of existing rural communities, in particular in mountain areas. The model proposed, with the elaboration of a management software and technical agronomic sheets, could be an incentive for the activities already present in that region and to stimulate new ones. The enhancing of the native ecological system, the biodiversity tutelage and the valorization of the knowledge of the territory is the basic requirement for the successful of any land management.
基金funded by the Directorate of Research and Community Service,Directorate General of Research and Development,Ministry of Higher Education,Science and Technologyin accordance with the Implementation Contract for the Operational Assistance Program for State Universities,Research Program Number:109/C3/DT.05.00/PL/2025.
文摘Sudden wildfires cause significant global ecological damage.While satellite imagery has advanced early fire detection and mitigation,image-based systems face limitations including high false alarm rates,visual obstructions,and substantial computational demands,especially in complex forest terrains.To address these challenges,this study proposes a novel forest fire detection model utilizing audio classification and machine learning.We developed an audio-based pipeline using real-world environmental sound recordings.Sounds were converted into Mel-spectrograms and classified via a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),enabling the capture of distinctive fire acoustic signatures(e.g.,crackling,roaring)that are minimally impacted by visual or weather conditions.Internet of Things(IoT)sound sensors were crucial for generating complex environmental parameters to optimize feature extraction.The CNN model achieved high performance in stratified 5-fold cross-validation(92.4%±1.6 accuracy,91.2%±1.8 F1-score)and on test data(94.93%accuracy,93.04%F1-score),with 98.44%precision and 88.32%recall,demonstrating reliability across environmental conditions.These results indicate that the audio-based approach not only improves detection reliability but also markedly reduces computational overhead compared to traditional image-based methods.The findings suggest that acoustic sensing integrated with machine learning offers a powerful,low-cost,and efficient solution for real-time forest fire monitoring in complex,dynamic environments.
基金Foundation items： High-technology Research and Development Programme of China （2007AA03Z544） Aeronautical Science Foundation of China （20075221001）
文摘Multi-functional Al-matrix composites with high volume fraction （55%-57%） of SiC particles are produced with the new pressureless infiltration fabrication technology. X-ray detection and microscopic observation display the composites which are macroscopically homogeneous without porosity. The investigation further reveals that the SiC/Al composites possess low density （2.94 g/cm^3）, high elastic modulus （220 GPa）, prominent thermal management function as a result of low coefficient of thermal expansion （8 × 10^4 K^-1） and high thermal conductivity （235 W/（m.K）） as well as unique preventability of resonance vibration. By adopting a series of developed techniques, the multi-functional SiC/Al composites have managed to be made into near-net-shape parts. Many kinds of precision components of space-based optomechanical structures and airborne optoelectronic platform have been turned out. Of them, several typical products are being under test in practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21371069 and 21621001)
文摘Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs） are a unique class of porous crystalline materials that have shown promise for a wide range of applications. MOFs have been explored as a new type of heterogeneous catalytic materials, because of their high surface area, uniform and tunable pores, facile functionalization and incorporation of catalytic active sites. The use of multi-functional sites MOF materials as catalysts for synergistic catalysis and tandem reactions has attracted increasing attention. In this review, we aim to introduce the construction of bi-or multi-functional MOF catalysts with cooperative or cascade functions via post-synthetic modification（PSM）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.5157051626,51475225)
文摘To fulfill the demands for higher quality,efficiency and flexibility in aviation industry,a multi-functional end effector is designed to automate the drilling and riveting processes in assembling carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)and aluminum components for a robotic aircraft assembly system.To meet the specific functional requirements for blind rivet installation on CFRP and aluminum materials,additional modules are incorporated on the end effector aside of the basic processing modules for drilling.And all of these processing modules allow for a onestep-drilling-countersinking process,hole inspection,automatic rivet feed,rivet geometry check,sealant application,rivet insertion and installation.Besides,to guarantee the better quality of the hole drilled and joints riveted,several online detection and adjustment measures are applied to this end effector,including the reference detection and perpendicular calibration,which could effectively ensure the positioning precision and perpendicular accuracy as demanded.Finally,the test result shows that this end effector is capable of producing each hole to a positioning precision within ±0.5 mm,aperpendicular accuracy within 0.3°,a diameter tolerance of H8,and a countersink depth tolerance of±0.01 mm.Moreover,it could drill and rivet up to three joints per minute,with acceptable shearing and tensile strength.
基金supported by grants from CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.:2021-I2M-1-026)Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission(Grant No.:2020KJ140)Tianjin Health Research Project(Grant No.:KJ20017)。
文摘Folate receptor(FR)overexpression occurs in a variety of cancers,including pancreatic cancer.In addition,enhanced macropinocytosis exists in K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer.Furthermore,the occurrence of intensive desmoplasia causes a hypoxic microenvironment in pancreatic cancer.In this study,a novel FR-directed,macropinocytosis-enhanced,and highly cytotoxic bioconjugate folate(F)-human serum albumin(HSA)-apoprotein of lidamycin(LDP)-active enediyne(AE)derived from lidamycin was designed and prepared.F-HSA-LDP-AE consisted of four moieties:F,HSA,LDP,and AE.F-HSA-LDP presented high binding efficiency with the FR and pancreatic cancer cells.Its uptake in wild-type cells was more extensive than in K-Ras mutant-type cells.By in vivo optical imaging,F-HSA-LDP displayed prominent tumor-specific biodistribution in pancreatic cancer xenograft-bearing mice,showing clear and lasting tumor localization for 360 h.In the MTT assay,F-HSA-LDP-AE demonstrated potent cytotoxicity in three types of pancreatic cancer cell lines.It also induced apoptosis and caused G2/M cell cycle arrest.F-HSALDP-AE markedly suppressed the tumor growth of AsPc-1 pancreatic cancer xenografts in athymic mice.At well-tolerated doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg,(i.v.,twice),the inhibition rates were 91.2%and 94.8%,respectively(P<0.01).The results of this study indicate that the F-HSA-LDP multi-functional bioconjugate might be effective for treating K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC 12175107)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology,China(Grant No.YK22-02-08)+3 种基金the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province,Chinathe Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.KYCX23_0964)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20230347)the Fund from the Research Center of Industrial Perception and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Engineering of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.ZK21-05-09)。
文摘Photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE), as a novel physical effect in light–matter interaction, provides an effective metrological method for characterizing the tiny variation in refractive index(RI). In this work, we propose a multi-functional PSHE sensor based on VO_(2), a material that can reveal the phase transition behavior. By applying thermal control, the mutual transformation into different phase states of VO_(2) can be realized, which contributes to the flexible switching between multiple RI sensing tasks. When VO_(2) is insulating, the ultrasensitive detection of glucose concentrations in human blood is achieved. When VO_(2) is in a mixed phase, the structure can be designed to distinguish between the normal cells and cancer cells through no-label and real-time monitoring. When VO_(2) is metallic, the proposed PSHE sensor can act as an RI indicator for gas analytes. Compared with other multi-functional sensing devices with the complex structures, our design consists of only one analyte and two VO_(2) layers, which is very simple and elegant. Therefore, the proposed VO_(2)-based PSHE sensor has outstanding advantages such as small size, high sensitivity, no-label, and real-time detection, providing a new approach for investigating tunable multi-functional sensors.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0402504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61875069 and 61575076)+1 种基金Hong Kong Scholars Program,China(Grant No.XJ2016026)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province,China(Grant Nos.20190302010GX and 20160520091JH)
文摘We propose a novel and efficient multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer(DWDM).This system consists of an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber strain sensor, and a 48-channel DWDM.This system can monitor temperature and strain changes at the same time.The ranges of these two sensors are from-20℃ to 100℃ and from-1000 με to 2000 με, respectively.The sensitivities of the temperature sensor and strain sensor are 0.03572 nm/℃ and 0.03808 nm/N, respectively.With the aid of a broadband source and spectrometer,different kinds and ranges of parameters in the environment can be monitored by using suitable sensors.
基金This project was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Funds, Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds and Northeast Forestry University Research Funds.
文摘A compound multi-functional sensor was designed by the study on the on-line testing technology of wood-based panels, and its properties of shape, functions, size, resistance to special environment were studied in details. The operational principles of different sensors, technical flow of manufacturing, development of software systems of special functions, and the assessments of technical specification were also be introduced. This sensor adopted many new technologies, such as the applications of piezoresistant effect and heat sensitive effect can effectively measure the pressure and temperature, digital signal processing technology was used to extract and treat signals, and resist interference, encapsulation technology was used to keep the normal run of sensor under a harsh environment. Thus, the on-line compound multi-functional temperature/pressure sensor can be applied better to supervise the production of wood-based panels. All technical specifications of the compound multi-functional sensor were tested and the results met the requirements of the equipments.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61471024)National Marine Technology Program for Public Welfare,China(No.201505002-1)
文摘A new appraisal method（QDA, quasi-distribution appraisal） which could be used to evaluate the finite element analysis of multi-functional structure made of honeycomb sandwich materials is developed based on sub-section Bezier curve. It is established by simulating the distribution histogram data obtained from the numerical finite element analysis values of a satellite component with sub-section Bezier curve. Being dealt with area normalization method, the simulation curve could be regarded as a kind of probability density function（PDF）, its mathematical expectation and the variance could be used to evaluate the result of finite element analysis. Numerical experiments have indicated that the QDA method demonstrates the intrinsic characteristics of the finite element analysis of multi-functional structure made of honeycomb sandwich materials, as an appraisal method, it is effective and feasible.
文摘Calcium is a critical second messenger molecule in all cells and is vital in neurons for synaptic transmission.Given this importance,calcium ions are tightly controlled by a host of molecular players including ion channels,sensors,and buffering proteins.Calcium can act directly by binding to signaling molecules or calcium’s effects can be indirect,for example by altering nuclear histones.
文摘In order to meet increasing demand for higher productivity and flexibility, recently many kinds of multi-functional machine tools, which are capable of multiple machining functions or different kinds of machining processes on one machine, have been developed and widely used in manufacturing industries. In this study, a multi-functional turning lathe, which has two spindles and two turrets so that multiple turning operations and various machining processes could be performed simultaneously, has been developed. Furthermore, the equations of correlation between whole responses and cross responses of the two spindles have been derived to examine to what extent the two spindles affect each other’s vibrations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42030508)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2019QZKK0301)the Key technology research and development projects in Xizang Autonomous Regions(XZ202101ZY0005G).
文摘A better understanding of the structure and dynamics of disturbed forests is key for forecasting their future successional trajectories.Despite vulnerability of subalpine forests to warming climate,little is known as to how their community composition has responded to disturbances and climate warming over decades.Before the 1970s,subalpine forests on the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mainly experienced logging and fire,but afterwards they were more impacted by climate warming.Thus,they provide an excellent setting to test whether disturbances and climate warming led to changes in forest structure.Based on the analysis of 3145 forest inventory plots at 4-to 5-year resolution,we found that spruce-fir forests shifted to pine and broadleaved forests since the early 1970s.Such a turnover in species composition mainly occurred in the 1994e1998 period.By strongly altering site conditions,disturbances in concert with climate warming reshuffle community composition to warm-adapted broadleaf-pine species.Thus,moderate disturbances shifted forest composition through a gradual loss of resilience of spruce-fir forests.Shifts in these foundation species will have profound impacts on ecosystem functions and services.In the future,broadleaved forests could expand more rapidly than evergreen needle-leaved forests under moderate warming scenarios.In addition to climate,the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on subalpine forests should be considered in adaptive forest management and in projections of future forest changes.
文摘This study presents a design of a multifunctional laparoscopic appendectomy device that includes three surgical instruments commonly used in laparoscopic appendicitis surgeries:endoloop,endobag and scissors.It collects these three independent surgical tools in a single laparoscopic appendectomy device.These days there is a trend of moving to multi-functional surgery devices during minimally invasive surgery.The main reasons behind the minimal invasive surgery are to avoid changing the devices several times during the operation,to reduce the time spent in operation,to increase the efficiency of the operation,to facilitate the follow-up of the camera and devices,and to leave trocars to be used for other surgical instruments.The multi-functional appendectomy device that,we present here,provides these benefits.The standard trocar entries are appropriate for its usage.The presented multifunctional laparoscopic appendectomy device offers more practical use in comparison to individual devices.On the other hand,development of these multi-functional surgery devices can be directly enhanced to the robotic surgery devices.
文摘The paper intfoduces a PC-DSP based real-time digital simulator which is portable in size and aimed at the closed-loop testing of various types of protective relays for their design and application. The simulator can be widely used in not only concerning utilities but also manufacturers and research / certification institutes because of its many functions. The hardware architecture and software implementation of the simulator are described. The main features and functions of the simulator are also
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFE0208100,No.2021YFC3000201Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,No.232300420165。
文摘The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We retrieved the start of spring phenology(SOS)of eight forest communities from the MODIS products and adopted it as an indicator for spring phenology.Trend analysis,partial correlation analysis,and GeoDetector were employed to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns and climatic drivers of SOS.The results indicated that the SOS presented an advance trend from 2001 to 2020,with a mean rate of−0.473 d yr^(−1).The SOS of most forests correlated negatively with air temperature(TEMP)and positively with precipitation(PRE),suggesting that rising TEMP and increasing PRE in spring would forward and delay SOS,respectively.The dominant factors influencing the sensitivity of SOS to climatic variables were altitude,forest type,and latitude,while the effects of slope and aspect were relatively minor.The response of SOS to climatic factors varied significantly in space and among forest communities,partly due to the influence of altitude,slope,and aspect.
