Traditional grade-centered evaluation models are inadequate for high-quality software engineering talents in the digital and AI era.This study develops an academic development monitoring system to address shortcomings...Traditional grade-centered evaluation models are inadequate for high-quality software engineering talents in the digital and AI era.This study develops an academic development monitoring system to address shortcomings in dynamics,interdisciplinary integration,and industry adaptability.It builds a multi-dimensional dynamic model covering seven core dimensions with quantitative scoring,non-linear weighting,and DivClust grouping.An intelligent platform with real-time monitoring,early warning,and personalized recommendations integrates AI like multi-modal fusion and large-model diagnosis.The“monitoring-warning-improvement”loop helps optimize training programs,support personalized planning,and bridge talent-industry gaps,enabling digital transformation in software engineering education evaluation.展开更多
In tomato,early fruit development involves rapid cell division and expansion,which are highly dependent on sugar availability(Huang et al.,2025;Yuan et al.,2025).After fruit set,soluble sugars are loaded into pericarp...In tomato,early fruit development involves rapid cell division and expansion,which are highly dependent on sugar availability(Huang et al.,2025;Yuan et al.,2025).After fruit set,soluble sugars are loaded into pericarp cells through the symplasmic(cytosol)or apoplasmic pathway(cell wall and extracellular matrix)(Patrick and Offler,1996).Sucrose,as the major form of carbon translocated to tomato fruit,can be directly unloaded into fruit cells.However,some sucrose can be hydrolyzed by extracellular invertase,producing glucose and fructose for metabolism and biosynthesis in pericarp cells(Ruan,2014).展开更多
The overlook of the cultivation of learners’perspective on translation is one of the essential reasons that we fail to enhance learners’translation competence effectively and efficiently.The perspective on translati...The overlook of the cultivation of learners’perspective on translation is one of the essential reasons that we fail to enhance learners’translation competence effectively and efficiently.The perspective on translation mirrors not only the interpretation of the essence,value,and function of translation,but the interpretation of culture and intercultural communication,which offers inspiration and implication on translation in the current context.This study analyzes the significance of the multi-dimensional developing perspective on translation and elaborates on the HBARP model to integrate the perspective on translation throughout the learning and teaching process to inspire learners to interpret translation essence and features,to highlight the intercultural communicative significance in the current context with a historical vision.展开更多
The matrix metalloproteinases（MMPs） are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases originally characterized as secreted proteases responsible for degrading extracellular matrix proteins.Their canonical role in matrix...The matrix metalloproteinases（MMPs） are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases originally characterized as secreted proteases responsible for degrading extracellular matrix proteins.Their canonical role in matrix remodelling is of significant importance in neural development and regeneration,but emerging roles for MMPs,especially in signal transduction pathways,are also of obvious importance in a neural context.Misregulation of MMP activity is a hallmark of many neuropathologies,and members of every branch of the MMP family have been implicated in aspects of neural development and disease.However,while extraordinary research efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involving MMPs,methodological constraints and complexities of the research models have impeded progress.Here we discuss the current state of our understanding of the roles of MMPs in neural development using recent examples and advocate a phylogenetically diverse approach to MMP research as a means to both circumvent the challenges associated with specific model organisms,and to provide a broader evolutionary context from which to synthesize an understanding of the underlying biology.展开更多
The SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP2,also known as PTP2C),encoded by PTPN11,is ubiquitously expressed and has context-specific effects.It promotes RAS/MAPK signaling downstream of receptor tyr...The SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP2,also known as PTP2C),encoded by PTPN11,is ubiquitously expressed and has context-specific effects.It promotes RAS/MAPK signaling downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases,cytokine receptors,and extracellular matrix proteins,and was shown in various lineages to modulate cell survival,proliferation,differentiation,and migration.Over the past decade,PTPN11 inactivation in chondrocytes was found to cause metachondromatosis,a rare disorder characterized by multiple enchondromas and osteochondroma-like lesions.Moreover,SHP2 inhibition was found to mitigate osteoarthritis pathogenesis in mice,and abundant but incomplete evidence suggests that SHP2 is crucial for cartilage development and adult homeostasis,during which its expression and activity are tightly regulated transcriptionally and posttranslationally,and by varying sets of functional partners.Fully uncovering SHP2 actions and regulation in chondrocytes is thus fundamental to understanding the mechanisms underlying both rare and common cartilage diseases and to designing effective disease treatments.We here review current knowledge,highlight recent discoveries and controversies,and propose new research directions to answer remaining questions.展开更多
Green development is vital for bringing about high-quality development,which makes measuring and comparing provincial green development levels essential.This study calculates the comprehensive green development scores...Green development is vital for bringing about high-quality development,which makes measuring and comparing provincial green development levels essential.This study calculates the comprehensive green development scores using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and autonomous regions(2013-2022)and a combined subjective-objective weighting method.It also innovatively establishes a grey relational degree matrix and a grey improvement sequence to analyze provincial similarities and identify benchmarks for improvement.The results indicate that ecological and environmental protection holds the highest weight among the primary indicators.Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu lead in green development,with Shanghai,Beijing,and Tianjin exhibiting distinct development trajectories,while Guizhou and Yunnan share a similar trend.Zhejiang and Shaanxi have prominent benchmarks for improvement,while some provinces dynamically adjust their targets.The results suggest that advanced regions should further refine their green development pathways to align with their specific contexts,while less-developed regions should adaptively learn from the appropriate benchmarks and periodically reassess their strategies.This study provides scientific guidance for regional green development planning,policymaking,and benchmarking,thus contributing to sustainable regional development.Furthermore,it lays a foundation for future research to expand into broader datasets,scales,influencing factors,and policy evaluations.展开更多
Quality function development (QFD) matrix was introduced as a tool to measure the quality management performance of contractors. Engineering quality, quality management system components, and their relationship were d...Quality function development (QFD) matrix was introduced as a tool to measure the quality management performance of contractors. Engineering quality, quality management system components, and their relationship were defined. An integrated engineering quality system was decomposed into seven factors and the quality management system was composed of eight factors. Importance weights of all factors and their relationship point were acquired by questionnaires and interviews. Then, QFD matrix was formulated and the calculating process was proposed. This model was verified on a case study. The result shows that it is useful for contractor in benchmarking themselves and invaluable for owners in the process of deciding contractor.展开更多
Regeneration in the central nervous system （CNS） is limited, and CNS damage often leads to cognitive impairment or permanent functional motor and sensory loss. Impaired regenerative capacity is multifactorial and in...Regeneration in the central nervous system （CNS） is limited, and CNS damage often leads to cognitive impairment or permanent functional motor and sensory loss. Impaired regenerative capacity is multifactorial and includes inflammation, loss of the blood-brain barrier, and alteration in the extracellular matrix （ECM）. One of the main problems is the formation of a glial scar and the production of inhibitory ECM, such as proteoglycans, that generates a physical and mechanical barrier, impeding axonal regrowth （Figure 1A）.展开更多
Three types of spatial function zoning is an effective measure for regional environmental protection and orderly development.For ecological and economic coordinated development, spatial function zones should be divide...Three types of spatial function zoning is an effective measure for regional environmental protection and orderly development.For ecological and economic coordinated development, spatial function zones should be divided scientifically to clear its direction of development and protection. Therefore, based on ecological constraints, a beneficial discussion would be about the key ecological function areas adopting the concept of ecological protection restriction and supporting socioeconomic development for spatial function zoning. In this paper, the researchers, taking Tacheng Basin, Xinjiang of China as an example, choose township as basic research unit and set up an evaluation index system from three aspects, namely, ecological protection suitability, agricultural production suitability, and urban development suitability, which are analyzed by using spatial analysis functions and exclusive matrix method. The results showed that: 1) This paper formed a set of multilevel evaluation index systems for three types of spatial function zoning of the key ecological function areas based on a novel perspective by scientifically dividing Tacheng Basin into ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space,which realized the integration and scientific orientation for spatial function at the township scale. 2) Under the guidance of three types of spatial pattern, the functional orientation and suggestions of development and protection was clearly defined for ecological protection zones,ecological economic zones, agricultural production zones, and urban development zones. 3) A new idea of space governance is provided to promote the coordinated and sustainable development between ecology and economy, which can break the traditional mode of thinking about regional economic development, and offers a scientific basis and reference for macro decision-making.展开更多
Metalloproteinases have a critical role in a broad spectrum of cellular processes ranging from the break-down of extracellulax matrix to the processing of signal transduction-related proteins. These hydrolyticfunction...Metalloproteinases have a critical role in a broad spectrum of cellular processes ranging from the break-down of extracellulax matrix to the processing of signal transduction-related proteins. These hydrolyticfunctions underlie a variety of mechanisms related to developmental processes as well as disease states.Structural analysis of metalloproteinases from both invertebrate and vertebrate species indicates that theseenzymes are highly conserved and arose early during metazoan evolution. In this regard, studies from vari-ous laboratories have reported that a number of classes of metalloproteinases are found in hydra, a memberof Cnidaria, the second oldest of existing animal phyla. These studies demonstrate that the hydra genomecontains at least three classes of metalloproteinases to include members of the 1) astacin class, 2) matrix met-alloproteinase class, and 3) neprilysin class. Functional studies indicate that these metalloproteinases playdiverse and important roles in hydra morphogenesis and cell differentiation as well as specialized functionsin adult polyps. This article will review the structure, expression, and function of these metalloproteinasesin hydra.展开更多
Offshore carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) geological storage(OCGS) represents a significant strategy for addressing climate change by curtailing greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, the risk of CO_(2) leakage poses a substant...Offshore carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) geological storage(OCGS) represents a significant strategy for addressing climate change by curtailing greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, the risk of CO_(2) leakage poses a substantial concern associated with this technology. This study introduces an innovative approach for establishing OCGS leakage scenarios, involving four pivotal stages, namely, interactive matrix establishment, risk matrix evaluation, cause–effect analysis, and scenario development, which has been implemented in the Pearl River Estuary Basin in China. The initial phase encompassed the establishment of an interaction matrix for OCGS systems based on features, events, and processes. Subsequent risk matrix evaluation and cause–effect analysis identified key system components, specifically CO_(2) injection and faults/features. Building upon this analysis, two leakage risk scenarios were successfully developed, accompanied by the corresponding mitigation measures. In addition, this study introduces the application of scenario development to risk assessment, including scenario numerical simulation and quantitative assessment. Overall, this research positively contributes to the sustainable development and safe operation of OCGS projects and holds potential for further refinement and broader application to diverse geographical environments and project requirements. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the establishment of OCGS leakage scenarios and demonstrates their practical application to risk assessment, laying the foundation for promoting the sustainable development and safe operation of ocean CO_(2) geological storage projects while proposing possibilities for future improvements and broader applications to different contexts.展开更多
The results of analyzing the managerial characteristics and complexity of product cooperative development suggest that task planning is an important aspect for process management of product cooperative development and...The results of analyzing the managerial characteristics and complexity of product cooperative development suggest that task planning is an important aspect for process management of product cooperative development and the method for planning tasks should be able to model the dependency between tasks and iterations during the development process. In this paper, a DSM-based method and its corresponding optimization algorithms are developed. At first the coupled task sets and uncoupled task sets are identified, and the tasks are then optimized by the corresponding algorithms. The optimal tasks plan will reduce the development time and cost. Considering the practical requirements in real world, a Multilayer DSM is proposed, and its information communication techniques between DSM and traversing principle are described in details.展开更多
Activin receptor-like kinase 1(ALK1)is a transmembrane serine/threonine receptor kinase of the transforming growth factor beta(TGFβ)receptor superfamily.ALK1 is specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells,an...Activin receptor-like kinase 1(ALK1)is a transmembrane serine/threonine receptor kinase of the transforming growth factor beta(TGFβ)receptor superfamily.ALK1 is specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells,and its dynamic changes are closely related to the proliferation of endothelial cells,the recruitment of pericytes to blood vessels,and functional differentiation during embryonic vascular development.The pathophysiology of many cerebrovascular diseases is today understood as a disorder of endothelial cell function and an imbalance in the proportion of vascular cells.Indeed,mutations in ALK1 and its co-receptor endoglin are major genetic risk factors for vascular arteriovenous malformation.Many studies have shown that ALK1 is closely related to the development of cerebral aneurysms,arteriovenous malformations,and cerebral atherosclerosis.In this review,we describe the various roles of ALK1 in the regulation of angiogenesis and in the maintenance of cerebral vascular homeostasis,and we discuss its relationship to functional dysregulation in cerebrovascular diseases.This review should provide new perspectives for basic research on cerebrovascular diseases and offer more effective targets and strategies for clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prevention.展开更多
The great success of US commercial shale gas exploitation stimulates the shale gas development in China,subsequently,the corresponding supporting policies were issued in the 12th Five-Year Plan.But from the experience...The great success of US commercial shale gas exploitation stimulates the shale gas development in China,subsequently,the corresponding supporting policies were issued in the 12th Five-Year Plan.But from the experience in the US shale gas development,we know that the resulted environmental threats are always an unavoidable issue,but no uniform and standard evaluation system has yet been set up in China.The comprehensive environment refers to the combination of natural ecological environment and external macro-environment.In view of this,we conducted a series of studies on how to set up a comprehensive environmental impact assessment system as well as the related evaluation methodology and models.First,we made an in-depth investigation into shale gas development procedures and any possible environmental impacts,and then compared,screened and modified environmental impact assessment methods for shale gas development.Also,we established an evaluating system and assessment models according to different status of the above two types of environment:the correlation matrix method was employed to assess the impacts on natural ecological environment and the optimization distance method was modified to evaluate the impacts on external macro-environment.Finally,we substitute the two subindexes into the comprehensive environmental impact assessment model and achieved the final numerical result of environmental impact assessment.This model can be used to evaluate if a shale gas project has any impact on environment,compare the impacts before and after a shale gas development project,or the impacts of different projects.展开更多
Metalloproteinases have a critical role in a broad spectrum of cellular processesranging from the break-down of extracellular matrix to the processing of signaltransduction-related proteins.These hydrolytic functions ...Metalloproteinases have a critical role in a broad spectrum of cellular processesranging from the break-down of extracellular matrix to the processing of signaltransduction-related proteins.These hydrolytic functions underlie a variety of mechanisms related to developmental processes as well as disease states.Structural analysis of metalloproteinases from both invertebrate and vertebrate species indicates that these enzymes are highly conserved and arose early during metazoan evolution.In this regard,studies from vari-ous laboratories have reported that a number of classes of metalloproteinases are found in hydra,a member of Cnidaria,the second oldest of existing animal phyla.These studies demonstrate that the hydra genome contains at least three classes of metalloproteinases to include members of the 1)astacin class,2)matrix met-alloproteinase class,and 3)neprilysin class.Functional studies indicate that these metalloproteinases play diverse and important roles in hydra morphogenesis and cell differentiation as well as specialized functions in adult polyps.This article will review the structure,expression,and function of these metalloproteinases in hydra.展开更多
The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in early 2020,known as COVID-19,spread to more than 200 countries and negatively affected the global economic output.Financial activities were primarily depressed,and investors wer...The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in early 2020,known as COVID-19,spread to more than 200 countries and negatively affected the global economic output.Financial activities were primarily depressed,and investors were reluctant to start new financial investments while ongoing projects further declined due to the global lockdown to curb the disease.This study analyzes the money supply reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic using a cross-sectional panel of 115 countries.The study used robust least square regression and innovation accounting techniques to get sound parameter estimates.The results show that COVID-19 infected cases are the main contributing factor that obstructs financial activities and decrease money supply.In contrast,an increasing number of recovered cases and COVID-19 testing capabilities gave investors confidence to increase stock trade across countries.The overall forecast trend shows that COVID-19 infected cases and recovered cases followed the U-shaped trend,while COVID-19 critical cases and reported deaths showed a decreasing trend.Finally,the money supply and testing capacity show a positive trend over a period.The study concludes that financial development can be expanded by increasing the testing capacity and functional labs to identify suspected coronavirus cases globally.展开更多
The implementation of product development process management (PDPM) is an effective means of developing products with higher quality in shorter lead time. It is argued in this paper that product, data, person and acti...The implementation of product development process management (PDPM) is an effective means of developing products with higher quality in shorter lead time. It is argued in this paper that product, data, person and activity are basic factors in PDPM With detailed analysis of these basic factors and their relations in product developmed process, all product development activities are considered as tasks and the management of product development process is regarded as the management of task execution A task decomposition based product development model is proposed with methods of constructing task relation matrix from layer model and constraint model resulted from task decomposition. An algorithm for constructing directed task graph is given and is used in the management of tasks. Finally, the usage and limitation of the proposed PDPM model is given with further work proposed.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Funding Project for Graduate Education and Teaching Reform of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.2024Y036)the Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Fund Project of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.2024Z007)the Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform Project of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications(2025).
文摘Traditional grade-centered evaluation models are inadequate for high-quality software engineering talents in the digital and AI era.This study develops an academic development monitoring system to address shortcomings in dynamics,interdisciplinary integration,and industry adaptability.It builds a multi-dimensional dynamic model covering seven core dimensions with quantitative scoring,non-linear weighting,and DivClust grouping.An intelligent platform with real-time monitoring,early warning,and personalized recommendations integrates AI like multi-modal fusion and large-model diagnosis.The“monitoring-warning-improvement”loop helps optimize training programs,support personalized planning,and bridge talent-industry gaps,enabling digital transformation in software engineering education evaluation.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32120103010,32341045,and 32272729).
文摘In tomato,early fruit development involves rapid cell division and expansion,which are highly dependent on sugar availability(Huang et al.,2025;Yuan et al.,2025).After fruit set,soluble sugars are loaded into pericarp cells through the symplasmic(cytosol)or apoplasmic pathway(cell wall and extracellular matrix)(Patrick and Offler,1996).Sucrose,as the major form of carbon translocated to tomato fruit,can be directly unloaded into fruit cells.However,some sucrose can be hydrolyzed by extracellular invertase,producing glucose and fructose for metabolism and biosynthesis in pericarp cells(Ruan,2014).
文摘The overlook of the cultivation of learners’perspective on translation is one of the essential reasons that we fail to enhance learners’translation competence effectively and efficiently.The perspective on translation mirrors not only the interpretation of the essence,value,and function of translation,but the interpretation of culture and intercultural communication,which offers inspiration and implication on translation in the current context.This study analyzes the significance of the multi-dimensional developing perspective on translation and elaborates on the HBARP model to integrate the perspective on translation throughout the learning and teaching process to inspire learners to interpret translation essence and features,to highlight the intercultural communicative significance in the current context with a historical vision.
文摘The matrix metalloproteinases（MMPs） are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases originally characterized as secreted proteases responsible for degrading extracellular matrix proteins.Their canonical role in matrix remodelling is of significant importance in neural development and regeneration,but emerging roles for MMPs,especially in signal transduction pathways,are also of obvious importance in a neural context.Misregulation of MMP activity is a hallmark of many neuropathologies,and members of every branch of the MMP family have been implicated in aspects of neural development and disease.However,while extraordinary research efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involving MMPs,methodological constraints and complexities of the research models have impeded progress.Here we discuss the current state of our understanding of the roles of MMPs in neural development using recent examples and advocate a phylogenetically diverse approach to MMP research as a means to both circumvent the challenges associated with specific model organisms,and to provide a broader evolutionary context from which to synthesize an understanding of the underlying biology.
基金NIH and NIAMS Grants R21 AR081642(W.Y.),R01 AR066746(W.Y.),R01 AR080062(V.L.)and R01 AR83245(V.L.)supported by the Rhode Island Hospital Orthopaedic Foundation(W.Y.).
文摘The SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP2,also known as PTP2C),encoded by PTPN11,is ubiquitously expressed and has context-specific effects.It promotes RAS/MAPK signaling downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases,cytokine receptors,and extracellular matrix proteins,and was shown in various lineages to modulate cell survival,proliferation,differentiation,and migration.Over the past decade,PTPN11 inactivation in chondrocytes was found to cause metachondromatosis,a rare disorder characterized by multiple enchondromas and osteochondroma-like lesions.Moreover,SHP2 inhibition was found to mitigate osteoarthritis pathogenesis in mice,and abundant but incomplete evidence suggests that SHP2 is crucial for cartilage development and adult homeostasis,during which its expression and activity are tightly regulated transcriptionally and posttranslationally,and by varying sets of functional partners.Fully uncovering SHP2 actions and regulation in chondrocytes is thus fundamental to understanding the mechanisms underlying both rare and common cartilage diseases and to designing effective disease treatments.We here review current knowledge,highlight recent discoveries and controversies,and propose new research directions to answer remaining questions.
文摘Green development is vital for bringing about high-quality development,which makes measuring and comparing provincial green development levels essential.This study calculates the comprehensive green development scores using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and autonomous regions(2013-2022)and a combined subjective-objective weighting method.It also innovatively establishes a grey relational degree matrix and a grey improvement sequence to analyze provincial similarities and identify benchmarks for improvement.The results indicate that ecological and environmental protection holds the highest weight among the primary indicators.Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu lead in green development,with Shanghai,Beijing,and Tianjin exhibiting distinct development trajectories,while Guizhou and Yunnan share a similar trend.Zhejiang and Shaanxi have prominent benchmarks for improvement,while some provinces dynamically adjust their targets.The results suggest that advanced regions should further refine their green development pathways to align with their specific contexts,while less-developed regions should adaptively learn from the appropriate benchmarks and periodically reassess their strategies.This study provides scientific guidance for regional green development planning,policymaking,and benchmarking,thus contributing to sustainable regional development.Furthermore,it lays a foundation for future research to expand into broader datasets,scales,influencing factors,and policy evaluations.
基金Funded by Postgraduate Scientific and Technical Innovation Project in Universities and Colleges of Jiangsu Province(CXLX_0161)
文摘Quality function development (QFD) matrix was introduced as a tool to measure the quality management performance of contractors. Engineering quality, quality management system components, and their relationship were defined. An integrated engineering quality system was decomposed into seven factors and the quality management system was composed of eight factors. Importance weights of all factors and their relationship point were acquired by questionnaires and interviews. Then, QFD matrix was formulated and the calculating process was proposed. This model was verified on a case study. The result shows that it is useful for contractor in benchmarking themselves and invaluable for owners in the process of deciding contractor.
文摘Regeneration in the central nervous system （CNS） is limited, and CNS damage often leads to cognitive impairment or permanent functional motor and sensory loss. Impaired regenerative capacity is multifactorial and includes inflammation, loss of the blood-brain barrier, and alteration in the extracellular matrix （ECM）. One of the main problems is the formation of a glial scar and the production of inhibitory ECM, such as proteoglycans, that generates a physical and mechanical barrier, impeding axonal regrowth （Figure 1A）.
基金Under the auspices of Grant Program of Clean Development Mechanism Fund of China(CDMF)(No.2014092)Task 2 of Key Service Project 5 for the Characteristic Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.TSS-2015-014-FW-5-2)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571159)The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA20010301)Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(No.BK20181105)
文摘Three types of spatial function zoning is an effective measure for regional environmental protection and orderly development.For ecological and economic coordinated development, spatial function zones should be divided scientifically to clear its direction of development and protection. Therefore, based on ecological constraints, a beneficial discussion would be about the key ecological function areas adopting the concept of ecological protection restriction and supporting socioeconomic development for spatial function zoning. In this paper, the researchers, taking Tacheng Basin, Xinjiang of China as an example, choose township as basic research unit and set up an evaluation index system from three aspects, namely, ecological protection suitability, agricultural production suitability, and urban development suitability, which are analyzed by using spatial analysis functions and exclusive matrix method. The results showed that: 1) This paper formed a set of multilevel evaluation index systems for three types of spatial function zoning of the key ecological function areas based on a novel perspective by scientifically dividing Tacheng Basin into ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space,which realized the integration and scientific orientation for spatial function at the township scale. 2) Under the guidance of three types of spatial pattern, the functional orientation and suggestions of development and protection was clearly defined for ecological protection zones,ecological economic zones, agricultural production zones, and urban development zones. 3) A new idea of space governance is provided to promote the coordinated and sustainable development between ecology and economy, which can break the traditional mode of thinking about regional economic development, and offers a scientific basis and reference for macro decision-making.
基金The authors wish to thank Eileen Roach for as-sistance with the preparation of the figures used inthis article. This work was supported by the fOllow-ing grants: AR39189 (HN) DK61373 (MPS) Amer-ican Heart Associate grant 0051436Z (MPS).
文摘Metalloproteinases have a critical role in a broad spectrum of cellular processes ranging from the break-down of extracellulax matrix to the processing of signal transduction-related proteins. These hydrolyticfunctions underlie a variety of mechanisms related to developmental processes as well as disease states.Structural analysis of metalloproteinases from both invertebrate and vertebrate species indicates that theseenzymes are highly conserved and arose early during metazoan evolution. In this regard, studies from vari-ous laboratories have reported that a number of classes of metalloproteinases are found in hydra, a memberof Cnidaria, the second oldest of existing animal phyla. These studies demonstrate that the hydra genomecontains at least three classes of metalloproteinases to include members of the 1) astacin class, 2) matrix met-alloproteinase class, and 3) neprilysin class. Functional studies indicate that these metalloproteinases playdiverse and important roles in hydra morphogenesis and cell differentiation as well as specialized functionsin adult polyps. This article will review the structure, expression, and function of these metalloproteinasesin hydra.
文摘Offshore carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) geological storage(OCGS) represents a significant strategy for addressing climate change by curtailing greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, the risk of CO_(2) leakage poses a substantial concern associated with this technology. This study introduces an innovative approach for establishing OCGS leakage scenarios, involving four pivotal stages, namely, interactive matrix establishment, risk matrix evaluation, cause–effect analysis, and scenario development, which has been implemented in the Pearl River Estuary Basin in China. The initial phase encompassed the establishment of an interaction matrix for OCGS systems based on features, events, and processes. Subsequent risk matrix evaluation and cause–effect analysis identified key system components, specifically CO_(2) injection and faults/features. Building upon this analysis, two leakage risk scenarios were successfully developed, accompanied by the corresponding mitigation measures. In addition, this study introduces the application of scenario development to risk assessment, including scenario numerical simulation and quantitative assessment. Overall, this research positively contributes to the sustainable development and safe operation of OCGS projects and holds potential for further refinement and broader application to diverse geographical environments and project requirements. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the establishment of OCGS leakage scenarios and demonstrates their practical application to risk assessment, laying the foundation for promoting the sustainable development and safe operation of ocean CO_(2) geological storage projects while proposing possibilities for future improvements and broader applications to different contexts.
文摘The results of analyzing the managerial characteristics and complexity of product cooperative development suggest that task planning is an important aspect for process management of product cooperative development and the method for planning tasks should be able to model the dependency between tasks and iterations during the development process. In this paper, a DSM-based method and its corresponding optimization algorithms are developed. At first the coupled task sets and uncoupled task sets are identified, and the tasks are then optimized by the corresponding algorithms. The optimal tasks plan will reduce the development time and cost. Considering the practical requirements in real world, a Multilayer DSM is proposed, and its information communication techniques between DSM and traversing principle are described in details.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81801175(to CLT)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China,No.WK9110000044(to CLT)+2 种基金China Scholarship Council,No.201706270155(to CLT)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2019M662179(to CLT)the Anhui Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China,No.2019B324(to CLT)
文摘Activin receptor-like kinase 1(ALK1)is a transmembrane serine/threonine receptor kinase of the transforming growth factor beta(TGFβ)receptor superfamily.ALK1 is specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells,and its dynamic changes are closely related to the proliferation of endothelial cells,the recruitment of pericytes to blood vessels,and functional differentiation during embryonic vascular development.The pathophysiology of many cerebrovascular diseases is today understood as a disorder of endothelial cell function and an imbalance in the proportion of vascular cells.Indeed,mutations in ALK1 and its co-receptor endoglin are major genetic risk factors for vascular arteriovenous malformation.Many studies have shown that ALK1 is closely related to the development of cerebral aneurysms,arteriovenous malformations,and cerebral atherosclerosis.In this review,we describe the various roles of ALK1 in the regulation of angiogenesis and in the maintenance of cerebral vascular homeostasis,and we discuss its relationship to functional dysregulation in cerebrovascular diseases.This review should provide new perspectives for basic research on cerebrovascular diseases and offer more effective targets and strategies for clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prevention.
文摘The great success of US commercial shale gas exploitation stimulates the shale gas development in China,subsequently,the corresponding supporting policies were issued in the 12th Five-Year Plan.But from the experience in the US shale gas development,we know that the resulted environmental threats are always an unavoidable issue,but no uniform and standard evaluation system has yet been set up in China.The comprehensive environment refers to the combination of natural ecological environment and external macro-environment.In view of this,we conducted a series of studies on how to set up a comprehensive environmental impact assessment system as well as the related evaluation methodology and models.First,we made an in-depth investigation into shale gas development procedures and any possible environmental impacts,and then compared,screened and modified environmental impact assessment methods for shale gas development.Also,we established an evaluating system and assessment models according to different status of the above two types of environment:the correlation matrix method was employed to assess the impacts on natural ecological environment and the optimization distance method was modified to evaluate the impacts on external macro-environment.Finally,we substitute the two subindexes into the comprehensive environmental impact assessment model and achieved the final numerical result of environmental impact assessment.This model can be used to evaluate if a shale gas project has any impact on environment,compare the impacts before and after a shale gas development project,or the impacts of different projects.
文摘Metalloproteinases have a critical role in a broad spectrum of cellular processesranging from the break-down of extracellular matrix to the processing of signaltransduction-related proteins.These hydrolytic functions underlie a variety of mechanisms related to developmental processes as well as disease states.Structural analysis of metalloproteinases from both invertebrate and vertebrate species indicates that these enzymes are highly conserved and arose early during metazoan evolution.In this regard,studies from vari-ous laboratories have reported that a number of classes of metalloproteinases are found in hydra,a member of Cnidaria,the second oldest of existing animal phyla.These studies demonstrate that the hydra genome contains at least three classes of metalloproteinases to include members of the 1)astacin class,2)matrix met-alloproteinase class,and 3)neprilysin class.Functional studies indicate that these metalloproteinases play diverse and important roles in hydra morphogenesis and cell differentiation as well as specialized functions in adult polyps.This article will review the structure,expression,and function of these metalloproteinases in hydra.
基金Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP-2020/87),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in early 2020,known as COVID-19,spread to more than 200 countries and negatively affected the global economic output.Financial activities were primarily depressed,and investors were reluctant to start new financial investments while ongoing projects further declined due to the global lockdown to curb the disease.This study analyzes the money supply reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic using a cross-sectional panel of 115 countries.The study used robust least square regression and innovation accounting techniques to get sound parameter estimates.The results show that COVID-19 infected cases are the main contributing factor that obstructs financial activities and decrease money supply.In contrast,an increasing number of recovered cases and COVID-19 testing capabilities gave investors confidence to increase stock trade across countries.The overall forecast trend shows that COVID-19 infected cases and recovered cases followed the U-shaped trend,while COVID-19 critical cases and reported deaths showed a decreasing trend.Finally,the money supply and testing capacity show a positive trend over a period.The study concludes that financial development can be expanded by increasing the testing capacity and functional labs to identify suspected coronavirus cases globally.
文摘The implementation of product development process management (PDPM) is an effective means of developing products with higher quality in shorter lead time. It is argued in this paper that product, data, person and activity are basic factors in PDPM With detailed analysis of these basic factors and their relations in product developmed process, all product development activities are considered as tasks and the management of product development process is regarded as the management of task execution A task decomposition based product development model is proposed with methods of constructing task relation matrix from layer model and constraint model resulted from task decomposition. An algorithm for constructing directed task graph is given and is used in the management of tasks. Finally, the usage and limitation of the proposed PDPM model is given with further work proposed.
