Metal complexes hold significant promise in tumor diagnosis and treatment.However,their potential applications in photodynamic therapy(PDT)are hindered by issues such as poor photostability,low yield of reactive oxyge...Metal complexes hold significant promise in tumor diagnosis and treatment.However,their potential applications in photodynamic therapy(PDT)are hindered by issues such as poor photostability,low yield of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and aggregation-induced ROS quenching.To address these challenges,we present a molecular self-assembly strategy utilizing aggregation-induced emission(AIE)conjugates for metal complexes.As a proof of concept,we synthesized a mitochondrial-targeting cyclometalated Ir(Ⅲ)photosensitizer Ir-TPE.This approach significantly enhances the photodynamic effect while mitigating the dark toxicity associated with AIE groups.Ir-TPE readily self-assembles into nanoaggregates in aqueous solution,leading to a significant production of ROS upon light irradiation.Photoirradiated Ir-TPE triggers multiple modes of death by excessively accumulating ROS in the mitochondria,resulting in mitochondrial DNA damage.This damage can lead to ferroptosis and autophagy,two forms of cell death that are highly cytotoxic to cancer cells.The aggregation-enhanced photodynamic effect of Ir-TPE significantly enhances the production of ROS,leading to a more pronounced cytotoxic effect.In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate this aggregation-enhanced PDT approach achieves effective in situ tumor eradication.This study not only addresses the limitations of metal complexes in terms of low ROS production due to aggregation but also highlights the potential of this strategy for enhancing ROS production in PDT.展开更多
Underwater imaging is frequently influenced by factors such as illumination,scattering,and refraction,which can result in low image contrast and blurriness.Moreover,the presence of numerous small,overlapping targets r...Underwater imaging is frequently influenced by factors such as illumination,scattering,and refraction,which can result in low image contrast and blurriness.Moreover,the presence of numerous small,overlapping targets reduces detection accuracy.To address these challenges,first,green channel images are preprocessed to rectify color bias while improving contrast and clarity.Se-cond,the YOLO-DBS network that employs deformable convolution is proposed to enhance feature learning from underwater blurry images.The ECA attention mechanism is also introduced to strengthen feature focus.Moreover,a bidirectional feature pyramid net-work is utilized for efficient multilayer feature fusion while removing nodes that contribute minimally to detection performance.In addition,the SIoU loss function that considers factors such as angular error and distance deviation is incorporated into the network.Validation on the RUOD dataset demonstrates that YOLO-DBS achieves approximately 3.1%improvement in mAP@0.5 compared with YOLOv8n and surpasses YOLOv9-tiny by 1.3%.YOLO-DBS reduces parameter count by 32%relative to YOLOv8n,thereby demonstrating superior performance in real-time detection on underwater observation platforms.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi decoction(加味黄芪桂枝汤)on chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)in rats and its modulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic tar...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi decoction(加味黄芪桂枝汤)on chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)in rats and its modulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2(PI3K/Akt/m TORC2)signaling pathway.METHODS:CAG was induced in rats and treated with high-,medium-,or low-dose Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi decoction.Gastric histopathology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Serum levels of gastrin,PI3K,Akt,and m TORC2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Gene and protein expression levels were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot.RESULTS:The decoction alleviated gastric mucosal injury,reduced inflammation,and restored epithelial structure.It regulated PI3K,Akt,and m TORC2 expression at both m RNA and protein levels.CONCLUSION:Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi decoction may prevent CAG progression by improving gastric tissue and modulating the PI3K/Akt/m TORC2 signaling pathway.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD)is a debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathology and multiple membrane barriers that hinder drug delivery,resulting in the absence of ideal therapeutic dru...Parkinson's disease(PD)is a debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathology and multiple membrane barriers that hinder drug delivery,resulting in the absence of ideal therapeutic drugs with minimal side effects[1].Recently,natural medicine has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable efficacy and limited side effects.Icariin,a naturally occurring flavonoid,exhibits excellent potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disease[2].However,its clinical application is limited by poor water solubility,low bioavailability,and high clearance rates.Here,an aqueous formulation of icariin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD)supramolecular inclusion complex was obtained to optimize icariin properties.Furthermore,icariin cyclodextrin supramolecular inclusion complex based thermosensitive(icariin gels)was innovated.At lower temperatures,it remained in a liquid phase with high fluidity.Upon reaching the gelation temperature,it underwent a transition to a gel phase with significantly reduced fluidity,which may be suitable for the design of an intranasal delivery system for PD treatment.The innovative approach capitalizes on the exceptional characteristics of HP-β-CD,which was utilized to synergize with nasal delivery for targeted brain delivery and with icariin for PD treatment[3,4].展开更多
Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechan...Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos reduces ALI by modulating macrophage autophagy.Methods Exosomes were isolated from hUC-MSCs.Severe burn-induced ALI rat models were treated with hUC-MSC-Exos carrying the miR-451 inhibitor.Hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated inflammatory injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay measured lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βlevels.qRT-PCR detected miR-451 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1(TSC1)expressions.The regulatory role of miR-451 on TSC1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Western blotting determined TSC1 and proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy.Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to examine exosomes phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages and autophagy level.Results hUC-MSC-Exos with miR-451 inhibitor reduced burn-induced ALI and promoted macrophage autophagy.MiR-451 could be transferred from hUC-MSCs to alveolar macrophages via exosomes and directly targeted TSC1.Inhibiting miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos elevated TSC1 expression and inactivated the mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages.Silencing TSC1 activated mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy,while TSC1 knockdown reversed the autophagy from the miR-451 inhibitor-induced.Conclusion miR-451 from hUC-MSC exosomes improves ALI by suppressing alveolar macrophage autophagy through modulation of the TSC1/mTOR pathway,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.展开更多
A simulation approach based on a full-wave numerical method is presented to study electromagnetic characteristics by complex targets. How to validate simulation results is considered thoroughly under no analytical and...A simulation approach based on a full-wave numerical method is presented to study electromagnetic characteristics by complex targets. How to validate simulation results is considered thoroughly under no analytical and measured data, where a double-check criterion is designed for our simulation approach. As an example, the scattering of F-117A is studied by using our simulation approach under all polarizations, different frequency bands, incident and scattering directions, etc., some of which, such as cross-polarization, bistatic RCS, have not been considered in the previous literature.展开更多
In many engineering networks, only a part of target state variables are required to be estimated.On the other hand,multi-layer complex network exists widely in practical situations.In this paper, the state estimation ...In many engineering networks, only a part of target state variables are required to be estimated.On the other hand,multi-layer complex network exists widely in practical situations.In this paper, the state estimation of target state variables in multi-layer complex dynamical networks with nonlinear node dynamics is studied.A suitable functional state observer is constructed with the limited measurement.The parameters of the designed functional observer are obtained from the algebraic method and the stability of the functional observer is proven by the Lyapunov theorem.Some necessary conditions that need to be satisfied for the design of the functional state observer are obtained.Different from previous studies, in the multi-layer complex dynamical network with nonlinear node dynamics, the proposed method can estimate the state of target variables on some layers directly instead of estimating all the individual states.Thus, it can greatly reduce the placement of observers and computational cost.Numerical simulations with the three-layer complex dynamical network composed of three-dimensional nonlinear dynamical nodes are developed to verify the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
The Mediator co-activator complex is a highly conserved,multisubunit protein complex required for gene transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ（RNAPⅡ）in all eukaryotes（Allen and Taatjes,2015）.This complex,which consist...The Mediator co-activator complex is a highly conserved,multisubunit protein complex required for gene transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ（RNAPⅡ）in all eukaryotes（Allen and Taatjes,2015）.This complex,which consists of at least 30 polypeptides,can be divided into four structurally distinct sub-modules including the head,middle,tail,and cyclin-dependent kinase 8（CDK8）modules （CKM） （Fig. 1A） （Yin and Wang, 2014; Allen and Taatjes, 2015）.展开更多
A practical approach for calculating the RCS (Radar Cross Section) of complex targets modeled with wire-grid-frame is presented. A way for generating a polyhedron model (facet-wedge model) with the wire-grid-frame dat...A practical approach for calculating the RCS (Radar Cross Section) of complex targets modeled with wire-grid-frame is presented. A way for generating a polyhedron model (facet-wedge model) with the wire-grid-frame data is described. For storing and reading the data of the polyhedron model in an easy way, a data structure is given.展开更多
Infrared images typically exhibit diverse backgrounds,each potentially containing noise and target-like interference elements.In complex backgrounds,infrared small targets are prone to be submerged by background noise...Infrared images typically exhibit diverse backgrounds,each potentially containing noise and target-like interference elements.In complex backgrounds,infrared small targets are prone to be submerged by background noise due to their low pixel proportion and limited available features,leading to detection failure.To address this problem,this paper proposes an Attention Shift-Invariant Cross-Evolutionary Feature Fusion Network(ASCFNet)tailored for the detection of infrared weak and small targets.The network architecture first designs a Multidimensional Lightweight Pixel-level Attention Module(MLPA),which alleviates the issue of small-target feature suppression during deep network propagation by combining channel reshaping,multi-scale parallel subnet architectures,and local cross-channel interactions.Then,a Multidimensional Shift-Invariant Recall Module(MSIR)is designed to ensure the network remains unaffected by minor input perturbations when processing infrared images,through focusing on the model’s shift invariance.Subsequently,a Cross-Evolutionary Feature Fusion structure(CEFF)is designed to allow flexible and efficient integration of multidimensional feature information from different network hierarchies,thereby achieving complementarity and enhancement among features.Experimental results on three public datasets,SIRST,NUDT-SIRST,and IRST640,demonstrate that our proposed network outperforms advanced algorithms in the field.Specifically,on the NUDT-SIRST dataset,the mAP50,mAP50-95,and metrics reached 99.26%,85.22%,and 99.31%,respectively.Visual evaluations of detection results in diverse scenarios indicate that our algorithm exhibits an increased detection rate and reduced false alarm rate.Our method balances accuracy and real-time performance,and achieves efficient and stable detection of infrared weak and small targets.展开更多
Passive optical motion capture technology is an effective mean to conduct high-precision pose estimation of small scenes of mobile robots;nevertheless,in the case of complex background and stray light interference in ...Passive optical motion capture technology is an effective mean to conduct high-precision pose estimation of small scenes of mobile robots;nevertheless,in the case of complex background and stray light interference in the scene,due to the infuence of target adhesion and environmental reflection,this technology cannot estimate the pose accurately.A passive binocular optical motion capture technology under complex illumination based on binocular camera and fixed retroreflective marker balls has been proposed.By fixing multiple hemispherical retrorefective marker balls on a rigid base,it uses binocular camera for depth estimation to obtain the fixed position relationship between the feature points.After performing unsupervised state estimation without manual operation,it overcomes the infuence of refection spots in the background.Meanwhile,contour extraction and ellipse least square fitting are used to extract the marker balls with incomplete shape as the feature points,so as to solve the problem of target adhesion in the scene.A FANUC m10i-a robot moving with 6-DOF is used for verification using the above methods in a complex lighting environment of a welding laboratory.The result shows that the average of absolute position errors is 5.793mm,the average of absolute rotation errors is 1.997°the average of relative position errors is 0.972 mm,and the average of relative rotation errors is 0.002°.Therefore,this technology meets the requirements of high-precision measurement in a complex lighting environment when estimating the 6-DOF-motion mobile robot and has very significant application prospects in complex scenes.展开更多
In view of the low performance of adaptive asymmetric joint diagonalization（AAJD）, especially its failure in tracking high maneuvering targets, an adaptive asymmetric joint diagonalization with deflation（AAJDd） al...In view of the low performance of adaptive asymmetric joint diagonalization（AAJD）, especially its failure in tracking high maneuvering targets, an adaptive asymmetric joint diagonalization with deflation（AAJDd） algorithm is proposed. The AAJDd algorithm improves performance by estimating the direction of departure（DOD） and direction of arrival（DOA） directly, avoiding the reuse of the previous moment information in the AAJD algorithm.On this basis, the idea of sequential estimation of the principal component is introduced to turn the matrix operation into a constant operation, reducing the amount of computation and speeding up the convergence. Meanwhile, the eigenvalue is obtained, which can be used to estimate the number of targets. Then, the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique（ESPRIT） algorithm is improved to realize the automatic matching and association of DOD and DOA. The simulation results show that the AAJDd algorithm has higher tracking performance than the AAJD algorithm, especially when the high maneuvering target is tracked. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to prepare vinpocetine(VIN)inclusion complex and evaluate its brain targeting effect after intranasal administration.In the present study,VIN inclusion complex was prepared in order to i...The objective of this paper is to prepare vinpocetine(VIN)inclusion complex and evaluate its brain targeting effect after intranasal administration.In the present study,VIN inclusion complex was prepared in order to increase its solubility.Stability constant(Kc)was used for host selection.Factors influencing properties of the inclusion complex was investigated.Formation of the inclusion complex was identified by solubility study and DSC analysis.The brain targeting effect of the complex after intranasal administration was studied in rats.It was demonstrated that properties of the inclusion complex was mainly influenced by cyclodextrin type,organic acids type,system pH and host/vip molar ratio.Multiple component complexes can be formed by the addition of citric acid,with solubility improved for more than 23 times.Furthermore,In vivo study revealed that after intranasal administration,the absolute bioavailability of vinpocetine inclusion complex was 88%.Compared with intravenous injection,significant brain targeting effect was achieved after intranasal delivery,with brain targeting index 1.67.In conclusion,by intranasal administration of VIN inclusion complex,a fast onset of action and good brain targeting effect can be achieved.Intranasal route is a promising approach for the treatment of CNS diseases.展开更多
The mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)acts in two structurally and functionally distinct protein complexes,mTOR complex 1(mTORC1)and mTOR complex 2(mTORC2).Upon deregulation,activated mTOR signaling is associated wit...The mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)acts in two structurally and functionally distinct protein complexes,mTOR complex 1(mTORC1)and mTOR complex 2(mTORC2).Upon deregulation,activated mTOR signaling is associated with multiple processes involved in tumor growth and metastasis.Compared with mTORC1,much less is known about mTORC2 in cancer,mainly because of the unavailability of a selective inhibitor.However,existing data suggest that mTORC2 with its two distinct subunits Rictor and mSin1 might play a more important role than assumed so far.It is one of the key effectors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and stimulates cell growth,cell survival,metabolism,and cytoskeletal organization.It is not only implicated in tumor progression,metastasis,and the tumor microenvironment but also in resistance to therapy.Rictor,the central subunit of mTORC2,was found to be upregulated in different kinds of cancers and is associated with advanced tumor stages and a bad prognosis.Moreover,AKT,the main downstream regulator of mTORC2/Rictor,is one of the most highly activated proteins in cancer.Primary and secondary liver cancer are major problems for current cancer therapy due to the lack of specific medical treatment,emphasizing the need for further therapeutic options.This review,therefore,summarizes the role of mTORC2/Rictor in cancer,with special focus on primary liver cancer but also on liver metastases.展开更多
The defining neuropathological feature of Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic （DA） projections. This results in striatal dopamine levels and a biochemical reduction of movement diso...The defining neuropathological feature of Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic （DA） projections. This results in striatal dopamine levels and a biochemical reduction of movement disorders, such as a tremor at rest, rigidity of the limbs, bradykinesia, and postural instability （Kim et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2012; Burke and O＇Malley, 2013; Leem et al., 2014; Namet al., 2014）.展开更多
The electromagnetic scattering computation has developed rapidly for many years; some computing problems for complex and coated targets cannot be solved by using the existing theory and computing models. A computing m...The electromagnetic scattering computation has developed rapidly for many years; some computing problems for complex and coated targets cannot be solved by using the existing theory and computing models. A computing model based on data is established for making up the insufficiency of theoretic models. Based on the ＂support vector regression method＂, which is formulated on the principle of minimizing a structural risk, a data model to predicate the unknown radar cross section of some appointed targets is given. Comparison between the actual data and the results of this predicting model based on support vector regression method proved that the support vector regression method is workable and with a comparative precision.展开更多
A new way of acoustic wave imaging was investigated. By using the Green function theory a system of integral equations,which linked wave number perturbation function with wave field, was firstly deduced. By taking var...A new way of acoustic wave imaging was investigated. By using the Green function theory a system of integral equations,which linked wave number perturbation function with wave field, was firstly deduced. By taking variation on these integral equations an inversion equation,which reflected the relation between the little variation of wave number perturbation function and that of scattering field, was further obtained. Finally, the perturbation functions of some identical targets were reconstructed, and some properties of the novel method including converging speed, inversion accuracy and the abilities to resist random noise and identify complex targets were discussed. Results of numerical simulation show that the method based on the variation principle has great theoretical and applicable value to quantitative nondestructive evaluation.展开更多
A RCS prediction system named SCTE (Scattering from Complex Target and Environment) for calculating high-frequency electromagnetic scattering from complex target within complex environment is presented. The scattering...A RCS prediction system named SCTE (Scattering from Complex Target and Environment) for calculating high-frequency electromagnetic scattering from complex target within complex environment is presented. The scattering body is described by Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) representations in which the complex body is modeled as NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-spline) surfaces. The complex environment (rough surface of sea or ground) is also carefully considered by using fractal function. Scattering fields are calculated by using physical optics and the equivalent currents methods. There is a good agreement between the present results and that from measurements which demonstrates the accuracy of this system.展开更多
This review describes the investigations of oscillatory complex networks consisting of excitable nodes, focusing on the target wave patterns or say the target wave attractors. A method of dominant phase advanced drivi...This review describes the investigations of oscillatory complex networks consisting of excitable nodes, focusing on the target wave patterns or say the target wave attractors. A method of dominant phase advanced driving （DPAD） is introduced to reveal the dynamic structures in the networks supporting osciUations, such as the oscillation sources and the main excitation propagation paths from the sources to the whole networks. The target center nodes and their drivers are regarded as the key nodes which can completely determine the corresponding target wave patterns. Therefore, the center （say node A） and its driver （say node B） of a target wave can be used as a label, （A, B）, of the given target pattern. The label can give a clue to conveniently retrieve, suppress, and control the target waves. Statistical investigations, both theoretically from the label analysis and numerically from direct simulations of network dynamics, show that there exist huge numbers of target wave attractors in excitable complex networks if the system size is large, and all these attractors can be labeled and easily controlled based on the information given by the labels. The possible applications of the physical ideas and the mathematical methods about multiplicity and labelability of attractors to memory problems of neural networks are briefly discussed.展开更多
Objective:The aim of our study was to evaluate the in vitro antitumor activity of two novel platinum-based(II) complexes(2.3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid dehydrate platinum and 2.3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid dehydrate pla...Objective:The aim of our study was to evaluate the in vitro antitumor activity of two novel platinum-based(II) complexes(2.3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid dehydrate platinum and 2.3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid dehydrate platinum),which were concurrently provided with hydrophilic carboxyl group and lipophilic pyrazinyl or pyridyl group,on SW620 colorectal cancer cell line and the impact of the two compounds on the cell cycle and apoptosis of the cells when compared with the oxaliplatin,desiring the new ligand combined with hydrophilic and lipophilic properties would facilitate the transportation and transmembrane of the drugs,showing a better antitumor activity.Methods:After SW620 cells were treated with different doses of the three platinum-based agents for 24,48 and 72 h,the cell proliferation inhibition rate was determined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay;the morphology of cells were evaluated under inverted microscope;the changes in cell cycle were determined using flow cytometry;the percent apoptosis was measured using Annexin V/PI double staining and the micromorphology of the cells after drug exposure was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy.Results:The evaluation on the proliferation inhibition rate revealed that the three platinum-based agents inhibited the SW620 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner and showed different strengths as pyridine > pyrazine > Oxa.Under optical microscope,the morphological changes such as cell shrinkage,round cells and dead cells were frequently observed after drug exposure.Cell cycle determination showed that all of the three agents could function to block the cells converting from phase S to phase G2M.Apoptosis evaluation revealed that the three agents promoted the apoptosis of SW620 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner and showed different strengths as pyridine > pyrazine > Oxa.Typical early and late apoptotic morphological changes could be detected during electron microscopy.Conclusion:The two novel platinum-based(II) complexes showed a stronger antitumor effect on SW620 cells than oxaliplatin,with the targeted site at a certain phase of cell cycle and apoptosis.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277056,21977052)the Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230006)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20230977,BK20231090)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(No.23KJB150020)the Jiangsu Excellent Postdoctoral Program(No.2022ZB758)。
文摘Metal complexes hold significant promise in tumor diagnosis and treatment.However,their potential applications in photodynamic therapy(PDT)are hindered by issues such as poor photostability,low yield of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and aggregation-induced ROS quenching.To address these challenges,we present a molecular self-assembly strategy utilizing aggregation-induced emission(AIE)conjugates for metal complexes.As a proof of concept,we synthesized a mitochondrial-targeting cyclometalated Ir(Ⅲ)photosensitizer Ir-TPE.This approach significantly enhances the photodynamic effect while mitigating the dark toxicity associated with AIE groups.Ir-TPE readily self-assembles into nanoaggregates in aqueous solution,leading to a significant production of ROS upon light irradiation.Photoirradiated Ir-TPE triggers multiple modes of death by excessively accumulating ROS in the mitochondria,resulting in mitochondrial DNA damage.This damage can lead to ferroptosis and autophagy,two forms of cell death that are highly cytotoxic to cancer cells.The aggregation-enhanced photodynamic effect of Ir-TPE significantly enhances the production of ROS,leading to a more pronounced cytotoxic effect.In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate this aggregation-enhanced PDT approach achieves effective in situ tumor eradication.This study not only addresses the limitations of metal complexes in terms of low ROS production due to aggregation but also highlights the potential of this strategy for enhancing ROS production in PDT.
基金funded by the Jilin City Science and Technology Innovation Development Plan Project(No.20240302014)the Jilin Provincial Department of Educa-tion Science and Technology Research Project(No.JJKH 20250879KJ)the Jilin Province Science and Tech-nology Development Plan Project(No.YDZJ202401640 ZYTS).
文摘Underwater imaging is frequently influenced by factors such as illumination,scattering,and refraction,which can result in low image contrast and blurriness.Moreover,the presence of numerous small,overlapping targets reduces detection accuracy.To address these challenges,first,green channel images are preprocessed to rectify color bias while improving contrast and clarity.Se-cond,the YOLO-DBS network that employs deformable convolution is proposed to enhance feature learning from underwater blurry images.The ECA attention mechanism is also introduced to strengthen feature focus.Moreover,a bidirectional feature pyramid net-work is utilized for efficient multilayer feature fusion while removing nodes that contribute minimally to detection performance.In addition,the SIoU loss function that considers factors such as angular error and distance deviation is incorporated into the network.Validation on the RUOD dataset demonstrates that YOLO-DBS achieves approximately 3.1%improvement in mAP@0.5 compared with YOLOv8n and surpasses YOLOv9-tiny by 1.3%.YOLO-DBS reduces parameter count by 32%relative to YOLOv8n,thereby demonstrating superior performance in real-time detection on underwater observation platforms.
基金Supported by Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau Research Fund:the Mechanism of Action of Huangqi Guizhi Decoction on Precancerous Lesions in Cag Rats was Studied based on the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Protein Kinase B-Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 Pathway(No.202102080643)Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Integrative Medicine Research Project:Observation on the Therapeutic Effect of Wenyang Jianpi Ointment on Chronic Atrophic Gastritis of Spleen and Stomach Weakness Type and Study on its Regulatory Effect on Transforming Growth Factor Beta 3(No.20222A010079)Panyu District Science and Technology Project:the Mechanism by which the Modified Huangqi Guizhi Decoction Regulates the Transforming Growth Factor-β3 Signaling Pathway to Improve Precancerous Lesions in Rats with Chronic Atrophic Gastritis(No.2020-Z04-025)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi decoction(加味黄芪桂枝汤)on chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)in rats and its modulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2(PI3K/Akt/m TORC2)signaling pathway.METHODS:CAG was induced in rats and treated with high-,medium-,or low-dose Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi decoction.Gastric histopathology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Serum levels of gastrin,PI3K,Akt,and m TORC2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Gene and protein expression levels were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot.RESULTS:The decoction alleviated gastric mucosal injury,reduced inflammation,and restored epithelial structure.It regulated PI3K,Akt,and m TORC2 expression at both m RNA and protein levels.CONCLUSION:Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi decoction may prevent CAG progression by improving gastric tissue and modulating the PI3K/Akt/m TORC2 signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82104399)the Science and Technology Project of Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No.:22HHZYSS00001).
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD)is a debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathology and multiple membrane barriers that hinder drug delivery,resulting in the absence of ideal therapeutic drugs with minimal side effects[1].Recently,natural medicine has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable efficacy and limited side effects.Icariin,a naturally occurring flavonoid,exhibits excellent potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disease[2].However,its clinical application is limited by poor water solubility,low bioavailability,and high clearance rates.Here,an aqueous formulation of icariin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD)supramolecular inclusion complex was obtained to optimize icariin properties.Furthermore,icariin cyclodextrin supramolecular inclusion complex based thermosensitive(icariin gels)was innovated.At lower temperatures,it remained in a liquid phase with high fluidity.Upon reaching the gelation temperature,it underwent a transition to a gel phase with significantly reduced fluidity,which may be suitable for the design of an intranasal delivery system for PD treatment.The innovative approach capitalizes on the exceptional characteristics of HP-β-CD,which was utilized to synergize with nasal delivery for targeted brain delivery and with icariin for PD treatment[3,4].
基金supported by the tenth batch of"3221"industrial innovation and scientific research projects in Bengbu City(beng talent[2020]No.8)the 2021 Bengbu Medical College Science and Technology Project[Natural Science,Project Number:2021byzd217].
文摘Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos reduces ALI by modulating macrophage autophagy.Methods Exosomes were isolated from hUC-MSCs.Severe burn-induced ALI rat models were treated with hUC-MSC-Exos carrying the miR-451 inhibitor.Hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated inflammatory injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay measured lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βlevels.qRT-PCR detected miR-451 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1(TSC1)expressions.The regulatory role of miR-451 on TSC1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Western blotting determined TSC1 and proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy.Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to examine exosomes phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages and autophagy level.Results hUC-MSC-Exos with miR-451 inhibitor reduced burn-induced ALI and promoted macrophage autophagy.MiR-451 could be transferred from hUC-MSCs to alveolar macrophages via exosomes and directly targeted TSC1.Inhibiting miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos elevated TSC1 expression and inactivated the mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages.Silencing TSC1 activated mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy,while TSC1 knockdown reversed the autophagy from the miR-451 inhibitor-induced.Conclusion miR-451 from hUC-MSC exosomes improves ALI by suppressing alveolar macrophage autophagy through modulation of the TSC1/mTOR pathway,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.
文摘A simulation approach based on a full-wave numerical method is presented to study electromagnetic characteristics by complex targets. How to validate simulation results is considered thoroughly under no analytical and measured data, where a double-check criterion is designed for our simulation approach. As an example, the scattering of F-117A is studied by using our simulation approach under all polarizations, different frequency bands, incident and scattering directions, etc., some of which, such as cross-polarization, bistatic RCS, have not been considered in the previous literature.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62373197 and 61873326)。
文摘In many engineering networks, only a part of target state variables are required to be estimated.On the other hand,multi-layer complex network exists widely in practical situations.In this paper, the state estimation of target state variables in multi-layer complex dynamical networks with nonlinear node dynamics is studied.A suitable functional state observer is constructed with the limited measurement.The parameters of the designed functional observer are obtained from the algebraic method and the stability of the functional observer is proven by the Lyapunov theorem.Some necessary conditions that need to be satisfied for the design of the functional state observer are obtained.Different from previous studies, in the multi-layer complex dynamical network with nonlinear node dynamics, the proposed method can estimate the state of target variables on some layers directly instead of estimating all the individual states.Thus, it can greatly reduce the placement of observers and computational cost.Numerical simulations with the three-layer complex dynamical network composed of three-dimensional nonlinear dynamical nodes are developed to verify the effectiveness of the method.
基金partially supported by the National Institutes of Health(R21CA185833 and R01GM113242 to H.S.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81660041 and 81260021 to L.D.)the Education Department of Jiangxi Province(GJJ150219to X.T.)
文摘The Mediator co-activator complex is a highly conserved,multisubunit protein complex required for gene transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ（RNAPⅡ）in all eukaryotes（Allen and Taatjes,2015）.This complex,which consists of at least 30 polypeptides,can be divided into four structurally distinct sub-modules including the head,middle,tail,and cyclin-dependent kinase 8（CDK8）modules （CKM） （Fig. 1A） （Yin and Wang, 2014; Allen and Taatjes, 2015）.
文摘A practical approach for calculating the RCS (Radar Cross Section) of complex targets modeled with wire-grid-frame is presented. A way for generating a polyhedron model (facet-wedge model) with the wire-grid-frame data is described. For storing and reading the data of the polyhedron model in an easy way, a data structure is given.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62271302the Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation under Grant 20ZR1423500.
文摘Infrared images typically exhibit diverse backgrounds,each potentially containing noise and target-like interference elements.In complex backgrounds,infrared small targets are prone to be submerged by background noise due to their low pixel proportion and limited available features,leading to detection failure.To address this problem,this paper proposes an Attention Shift-Invariant Cross-Evolutionary Feature Fusion Network(ASCFNet)tailored for the detection of infrared weak and small targets.The network architecture first designs a Multidimensional Lightweight Pixel-level Attention Module(MLPA),which alleviates the issue of small-target feature suppression during deep network propagation by combining channel reshaping,multi-scale parallel subnet architectures,and local cross-channel interactions.Then,a Multidimensional Shift-Invariant Recall Module(MSIR)is designed to ensure the network remains unaffected by minor input perturbations when processing infrared images,through focusing on the model’s shift invariance.Subsequently,a Cross-Evolutionary Feature Fusion structure(CEFF)is designed to allow flexible and efficient integration of multidimensional feature information from different network hierarchies,thereby achieving complementarity and enhancement among features.Experimental results on three public datasets,SIRST,NUDT-SIRST,and IRST640,demonstrate that our proposed network outperforms advanced algorithms in the field.Specifically,on the NUDT-SIRST dataset,the mAP50,mAP50-95,and metrics reached 99.26%,85.22%,and 99.31%,respectively.Visual evaluations of detection results in diverse scenarios indicate that our algorithm exhibits an increased detection rate and reduced false alarm rate.Our method balances accuracy and real-time performance,and achieves efficient and stable detection of infrared weak and small targets.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB1305005)。
文摘Passive optical motion capture technology is an effective mean to conduct high-precision pose estimation of small scenes of mobile robots;nevertheless,in the case of complex background and stray light interference in the scene,due to the infuence of target adhesion and environmental reflection,this technology cannot estimate the pose accurately.A passive binocular optical motion capture technology under complex illumination based on binocular camera and fixed retroreflective marker balls has been proposed.By fixing multiple hemispherical retrorefective marker balls on a rigid base,it uses binocular camera for depth estimation to obtain the fixed position relationship between the feature points.After performing unsupervised state estimation without manual operation,it overcomes the infuence of refection spots in the background.Meanwhile,contour extraction and ellipse least square fitting are used to extract the marker balls with incomplete shape as the feature points,so as to solve the problem of target adhesion in the scene.A FANUC m10i-a robot moving with 6-DOF is used for verification using the above methods in a complex lighting environment of a welding laboratory.The result shows that the average of absolute position errors is 5.793mm,the average of absolute rotation errors is 1.997°the average of relative position errors is 0.972 mm,and the average of relative rotation errors is 0.002°.Therefore,this technology meets the requirements of high-precision measurement in a complex lighting environment when estimating the 6-DOF-motion mobile robot and has very significant application prospects in complex scenes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6167145361201379)Anhui Natural Science Foundation of China(1608085MF123)
文摘In view of the low performance of adaptive asymmetric joint diagonalization（AAJD）, especially its failure in tracking high maneuvering targets, an adaptive asymmetric joint diagonalization with deflation（AAJDd） algorithm is proposed. The AAJDd algorithm improves performance by estimating the direction of departure（DOD） and direction of arrival（DOA） directly, avoiding the reuse of the previous moment information in the AAJD algorithm.On this basis, the idea of sequential estimation of the principal component is introduced to turn the matrix operation into a constant operation, reducing the amount of computation and speeding up the convergence. Meanwhile, the eigenvalue is obtained, which can be used to estimate the number of targets. Then, the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique（ESPRIT） algorithm is improved to realize the automatic matching and association of DOD and DOA. The simulation results show that the AAJDd algorithm has higher tracking performance than the AAJD algorithm, especially when the high maneuvering target is tracked. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified.
文摘The objective of this paper is to prepare vinpocetine(VIN)inclusion complex and evaluate its brain targeting effect after intranasal administration.In the present study,VIN inclusion complex was prepared in order to increase its solubility.Stability constant(Kc)was used for host selection.Factors influencing properties of the inclusion complex was investigated.Formation of the inclusion complex was identified by solubility study and DSC analysis.The brain targeting effect of the complex after intranasal administration was studied in rats.It was demonstrated that properties of the inclusion complex was mainly influenced by cyclodextrin type,organic acids type,system pH and host/vip molar ratio.Multiple component complexes can be formed by the addition of citric acid,with solubility improved for more than 23 times.Furthermore,In vivo study revealed that after intranasal administration,the absolute bioavailability of vinpocetine inclusion complex was 88%.Compared with intravenous injection,significant brain targeting effect was achieved after intranasal delivery,with brain targeting index 1.67.In conclusion,by intranasal administration of VIN inclusion complex,a fast onset of action and good brain targeting effect can be achieved.Intranasal route is a promising approach for the treatment of CNS diseases.
文摘The mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)acts in two structurally and functionally distinct protein complexes,mTOR complex 1(mTORC1)and mTOR complex 2(mTORC2).Upon deregulation,activated mTOR signaling is associated with multiple processes involved in tumor growth and metastasis.Compared with mTORC1,much less is known about mTORC2 in cancer,mainly because of the unavailability of a selective inhibitor.However,existing data suggest that mTORC2 with its two distinct subunits Rictor and mSin1 might play a more important role than assumed so far.It is one of the key effectors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and stimulates cell growth,cell survival,metabolism,and cytoskeletal organization.It is not only implicated in tumor progression,metastasis,and the tumor microenvironment but also in resistance to therapy.Rictor,the central subunit of mTORC2,was found to be upregulated in different kinds of cancers and is associated with advanced tumor stages and a bad prognosis.Moreover,AKT,the main downstream regulator of mTORC2/Rictor,is one of the most highly activated proteins in cancer.Primary and secondary liver cancer are major problems for current cancer therapy due to the lack of specific medical treatment,emphasizing the need for further therapeutic options.This review,therefore,summarizes the role of mTORC2/Rictor in cancer,with special focus on primary liver cancer but also on liver metastases.
文摘The defining neuropathological feature of Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic （DA） projections. This results in striatal dopamine levels and a biochemical reduction of movement disorders, such as a tremor at rest, rigidity of the limbs, bradykinesia, and postural instability （Kim et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2012; Burke and O＇Malley, 2013; Leem et al., 2014; Namet al., 2014）.
文摘The electromagnetic scattering computation has developed rapidly for many years; some computing problems for complex and coated targets cannot be solved by using the existing theory and computing models. A computing model based on data is established for making up the insufficiency of theoretic models. Based on the ＂support vector regression method＂, which is formulated on the principle of minimizing a structural risk, a data model to predicate the unknown radar cross section of some appointed targets is given. Comparison between the actual data and the results of this predicting model based on support vector regression method proved that the support vector regression method is workable and with a comparative precision.
文摘A new way of acoustic wave imaging was investigated. By using the Green function theory a system of integral equations,which linked wave number perturbation function with wave field, was firstly deduced. By taking variation on these integral equations an inversion equation,which reflected the relation between the little variation of wave number perturbation function and that of scattering field, was further obtained. Finally, the perturbation functions of some identical targets were reconstructed, and some properties of the novel method including converging speed, inversion accuracy and the abilities to resist random noise and identify complex targets were discussed. Results of numerical simulation show that the method based on the variation principle has great theoretical and applicable value to quantitative nondestructive evaluation.
文摘A RCS prediction system named SCTE (Scattering from Complex Target and Environment) for calculating high-frequency electromagnetic scattering from complex target within complex environment is presented. The scattering body is described by Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) representations in which the complex body is modeled as NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-spline) surfaces. The complex environment (rough surface of sea or ground) is also carefully considered by using fractal function. Scattering fields are calculated by using physical optics and the equivalent currents methods. There is a good agreement between the present results and that from measurements which demonstrates the accuracy of this system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11174034,11135001,11205041,and 11305112)the Natural ScienceFoundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20130282)
文摘This review describes the investigations of oscillatory complex networks consisting of excitable nodes, focusing on the target wave patterns or say the target wave attractors. A method of dominant phase advanced driving （DPAD） is introduced to reveal the dynamic structures in the networks supporting osciUations, such as the oscillation sources and the main excitation propagation paths from the sources to the whole networks. The target center nodes and their drivers are regarded as the key nodes which can completely determine the corresponding target wave patterns. Therefore, the center （say node A） and its driver （say node B） of a target wave can be used as a label, （A, B）, of the given target pattern. The label can give a clue to conveniently retrieve, suppress, and control the target waves. Statistical investigations, both theoretically from the label analysis and numerically from direct simulations of network dynamics, show that there exist huge numbers of target wave attractors in excitable complex networks if the system size is large, and all these attractors can be labeled and easily controlled based on the information given by the labels. The possible applications of the physical ideas and the mathematical methods about multiplicity and labelability of attractors to memory problems of neural networks are briefly discussed.
基金Supported by a grant from the National Nature Sciences Foundation of China (No. 20671064)
文摘Objective:The aim of our study was to evaluate the in vitro antitumor activity of two novel platinum-based(II) complexes(2.3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid dehydrate platinum and 2.3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid dehydrate platinum),which were concurrently provided with hydrophilic carboxyl group and lipophilic pyrazinyl or pyridyl group,on SW620 colorectal cancer cell line and the impact of the two compounds on the cell cycle and apoptosis of the cells when compared with the oxaliplatin,desiring the new ligand combined with hydrophilic and lipophilic properties would facilitate the transportation and transmembrane of the drugs,showing a better antitumor activity.Methods:After SW620 cells were treated with different doses of the three platinum-based agents for 24,48 and 72 h,the cell proliferation inhibition rate was determined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay;the morphology of cells were evaluated under inverted microscope;the changes in cell cycle were determined using flow cytometry;the percent apoptosis was measured using Annexin V/PI double staining and the micromorphology of the cells after drug exposure was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy.Results:The evaluation on the proliferation inhibition rate revealed that the three platinum-based agents inhibited the SW620 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner and showed different strengths as pyridine > pyrazine > Oxa.Under optical microscope,the morphological changes such as cell shrinkage,round cells and dead cells were frequently observed after drug exposure.Cell cycle determination showed that all of the three agents could function to block the cells converting from phase S to phase G2M.Apoptosis evaluation revealed that the three agents promoted the apoptosis of SW620 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner and showed different strengths as pyridine > pyrazine > Oxa.Typical early and late apoptotic morphological changes could be detected during electron microscopy.Conclusion:The two novel platinum-based(II) complexes showed a stronger antitumor effect on SW620 cells than oxaliplatin,with the targeted site at a certain phase of cell cycle and apoptosis.
