Capcity both in uplink and downlink of TD-SCDMA (time division-synchronous code division multiple access) system is studied in a multi-cell environment. The theoretical expressions of the mean of intercell interferenc...Capcity both in uplink and downlink of TD-SCDMA (time division-synchronous code division multiple access) system is studied in a multi-cell environment. The theoretical expressions of the mean of intercell interference in uplink and the mean of sum of power allocation in downlink are given, by which uplink and downlink capacity is analyzed. Furthermore, we give the simulation models for both uplink and downlink capacity. The results from theoretical analysis and simulation fit very well. In the end, the maximum number of users that TD-SCDMA system can serve for 12.2 k speech service is given.展开更多
A quantum access network has been implemented by frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access, while code division multiple access is limited for its difficulty to realize the orthogonality of ...A quantum access network has been implemented by frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access, while code division multiple access is limited for its difficulty to realize the orthogonality of the code. Recently,the chaotic phase shifters were proposed to guarantee the orthogonality by different chaotic signals and spread the spectral content of the quantum states. In this letter, we propose to implement the code division multiple access quantum network by using chaotic phase shifters and synchronization. Due to the orthogonality of the different chaotic phase shifter, every pair of users can faithfully transmit quantum information through a common channel and have little crosstalk between different users. Meanwhile, the broadband spectra of chaotic signals efficiently help the quantum states to defend against channel loss and noise.展开更多
An important feature of the traffic in mobile networks is burstiness. Drawbacks of conventional power control algorithms for time division duplex （TDD）-code division multiple access （CDMA） systems are analyzed. A ...An important feature of the traffic in mobile networks is burstiness. Drawbacks of conventional power control algorithms for time division duplex （TDD）-code division multiple access （CDMA） systems are analyzed. A joint power control algorithm based on service factor is presented to address the TDD-CDMA mobile services in the burst mode according to the Markov modulated Bernoulli process. The joint power control equation is derived. A function model is developed to verify the new algorithm and evaluate its performance. Simulation results show that the new power control algorithm can estimate interference strength more precisely, speed up convergence of power control, and enhance power efficiency and system capacity. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is more robust against link gain changes, and outperforms the reference algorithms.展开更多
Call admission control (CAC) and resource reservation (RR) for mobile communication are two important factors that guarantee system efficiency and quality of service (QoS) required for different services in a very sca...Call admission control (CAC) and resource reservation (RR) for mobile communication are two important factors that guarantee system efficiency and quality of service (QoS) required for different services in a very scarce resource as the radio spectrum. A new scheme was proposed which extends the concepts of resource sharing and reservations for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems with a unique feature of soft capacity. Voice and data traffic were considered. The traffic is further classified into handoff and new requests. The reservation thresholds were dynamically adjusted according to the traffic pattern and mobility prediction in order to achieve the maximum channel utilization, while guaranteeing different QoS constraints. The performance of proposed scheme was evaluated using Markov models. New call blocking probability, handoff call dropping probability, and channel utilization were used as benchmarks for the proposed scheme.展开更多
A multiple watermarking algorithm is presented according to the multiple accessing technique of the code division multiple access （CDMA） system. Multiple watermarks are embedded into digital images in the wavelet tr...A multiple watermarking algorithm is presented according to the multiple accessing technique of the code division multiple access （CDMA） system. Multiple watermarks are embedded into digital images in the wavelet transform domain. Each of the watermarks is embedded and extracted independently without impacts to each other. Multiple watermarks are convolution encoded and block interleaved, and the orthogonal Gold sequences are used to spread spectrum of the copyright messages. CDMA encoded water-mark messages are embedded into the wavelet sub-bands excluding the wavelet HH1 sub-bands. The embedment amplitude is decided by Watson＇ s perceptual model of wavelet transform domain, and the embedmeut position in the selected wavelet sub-bands is decided randomly by a pseudo-random noise （PN） sequence. As a blind watermm＇king algorithm, watermarks are extracted without original image. The watermarking capacity of proposed algorithm is also discussed. When two watermarks are embedded in an image at the same time, the capacity is larger than the capacity when a single watermark is embedded, and is smaller than the sum of the capacity of two separately embedded watermarks. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the detection bits error rate （BER） observably, and the multiple watermarks have a preferable robustness and invisibility.展开更多
A passive optical network （PON） scheme based on optical code division multiplexing （OCDM） for the downstream traffics is proposed and analyzed in detail. In the PON, the downstream traffics are broadcasted by OCDM...A passive optical network （PON） scheme based on optical code division multiplexing （OCDM） for the downstream traffics is proposed and analyzed in detail. In the PON, the downstream traffics are broadcasted by OCDM technology to guarantee the security, while the upstream traffics pass through the same optical fiber by the common time division multiple access （TDMA） technology to decrease the cost. This schemes are denoted as OCDM/TDMA-PON, which can be applied to an optical access network （OAN） with full services on demand, such as Internet protocol, video on demand, tele-presence and high quality audio. The proposed OCDM/TDMA-PON scheme combines advantages of PON, TDMA, and OCDM technology. Simulation results indicate that the designed scheme improves the OAN performance, and enhances flexibility and scalability of the system.展开更多
In this paper, we discuss and analyze an optical code division multiple access for multiple user system. Media access control implementation has been considered. For fulfilling the huge need of bandwidth services, tec...In this paper, we discuss and analyze an optical code division multiple access for multiple user system. Media access control implementation has been considered. For fulfilling the huge need of bandwidth services, technology tends to move to optical networks and three major optical systems come into existence. Code division of the optical network is most used and real concept interacted with users up to this time. Optical code division multiple access provides complete spectrum to each and every user for the time of accessing the channel. In the paper, we have proposed network architecture with optical encoder and decoder along with optical code translator which is supporting multiple user systems. We integrate the code translator with encoding and decoding of optical code to use the optical network at full extent and present the simulation validation results of 6 Gb/s 3-hop transmission by use of proposed architecture. Further, we have implemented experimentation with 6 users 3 Gb/s optical code division multiple access network. Through simulation structure, it is shown that the combination of encoding with EDFA in multiple user environment system provides improvement in bit error rate and also improves the multiple access interference. With increase of users in the network, MAI value increases and our proposed scheme controls interference in the network.展开更多
In recent times, there has been growing interests in integration of voice, data and video traffic in wireless communication networks. With these growing interests, WCDMA has immerged as an attractive access technique....In recent times, there has been growing interests in integration of voice, data and video traffic in wireless communication networks. With these growing interests, WCDMA has immerged as an attractive access technique. The performance of WCDMA system is deteriorated in presence of multipath fading environment. The paper presents space-time coded minimum mean square error (MMSE) Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) in a frequency selective channel. The filter coefficients in MMSE DFE are optimized to suppress noise, intersymbol interference (ISI), and multiple access interference (MAI) with reasonable system complexity. For the above structure, we have presented the estimation of BER for a MMSE DFE using computer simulation experiments. The simulation includes the effects of additive white Gaussian noise, multipath fading and multiple access interference (MAI). Furthermore, the performance is compared with standard linear equalizer (LE) and RAKE receiver. Numerical and simulation results show that the MMSE DFE exhibits significant performance improvement over the standard linear equalizer (LE) and RAKE receiver.展开更多
This paper investigates a peak to average power ratio （PAPR） reduction method in multicarrier code division multiple access （MC-CDMA） system. Variable code sets （VCS）, a spreading codes selection scheme, can imp...This paper investigates a peak to average power ratio （PAPR） reduction method in multicarrier code division multiple access （MC-CDMA） system. Variable code sets （VCS）, a spreading codes selection scheme, can improve the PAPR property of the MC-CDMA signals, but this technique requires an exhaustive search over the combinations of spreading code sets. It is observed that when the number of active users increases, the search complexity will increase exponentially. Based on this fact, we propose a low complexity VCS （LC-VCS） method to reduce the computational complexity. The basic idea of LC-VCS is to derive new signals using the relationship between candidature signals. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can reduce PAPR with lower comtational pucomplexity. In addition, it can be blindly received without any side information.展开更多
Recently,the increasing demand of radio spectrum for the next generation communication systems due to the explosive growth of applications appetite for bandwidths has led to the problem of spectrum scarcity.The potent...Recently,the increasing demand of radio spectrum for the next generation communication systems due to the explosive growth of applications appetite for bandwidths has led to the problem of spectrum scarcity.The potential approaches among the proposed solutions to resolve this issue are well explored cognitive radio(CR)technology and recently introduced non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)techniques.Both the techniques are employed for efficient spectrum utilization and assure the significant improvement in the spectral efficiency.Further,the significant improvement in spectral efficiency can be achieved by combining both the techniques.Since the CR is well-explored technique as compared to that of the NOMA in the field of communication,therefore it is worth and wise to implement this technique over the CR.In this article,we have presented the frameworks of NOMA implementation over CR as well as the feasibility of proposed frameworks.Further,the differences between proposed CR-NOMA and conventional CR frameworks are discussed.Finally,the potential issues regarding the implementation of CR-NOMA are explored.展开更多
Achieving sound communication systems in Under Water Acoustic(UWA)environment remains challenging for researchers.The communication scheme is complex since these acoustic channels exhibit uneven characteristics such a...Achieving sound communication systems in Under Water Acoustic(UWA)environment remains challenging for researchers.The communication scheme is complex since these acoustic channels exhibit uneven characteristics such as long propagation delay and irregular Doppler shifts.The development of machine and deep learning algorithms has reduced the burden of achieving reli-able and good communication schemes in the underwater acoustic environment.This paper proposes a novel intelligent selection method between the different modulation schemes such as Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA),Time Divi-sion Multiple Access(TDMA),and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)techniques using the hybrid combination of the convolutional neural net-works(CNN)and ensemble single feedforward layers(SFL).The convolutional neural networks are used for channel feature extraction,and boosted ensembled feedforward layers are used for modulation selection based on the CNN outputs.The extensive experimentation is carried out and compared with other hybrid learning models and conventional methods.Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed hybrid learning model has achieved nearly 98%accuracy and a 30%increase in BER performance which outperformed the other learning models in achieving the communication schemes under dynamic underwater environments.展开更多
In this paper the impact factors on the optical fiber LAN network with ring topology are considered. The couple ratio, the self-ring effect, the Multiple-Access Interference (MAI), and the channel noises are the main ...In this paper the impact factors on the optical fiber LAN network with ring topology are considered. The couple ratio, the self-ring effect, the Multiple-Access Interference (MAI), and the channel noises are the main factors degrading the system performance. We develop a systematic method that employs the smallest p multiplication method to analyze the optimization of the ring network. The results show that choosing an optimal couple ratio and power control will enhance the system performance dramatically. In addition, the “self-ring” interference and MAI can be suppressed by power control to some extent.展开更多
A new performance analysis method of Optical Code Division Multiple Access ( OCDMA ) systems with an optical hard limiter is studied. The bit error probability of the OCDMA system is derived, and the numerical ...A new performance analysis method of Optical Code Division Multiple Access ( OCDMA ) systems with an optical hard limiter is studied. The bit error probability of the OCDMA system is derived, and the numerical results of the system with and without an ideal optical hard limiter are analyzed respectively. The results show that although the derived expression is different from the one derived by J A Salehi , the numerical results are the same as those analyzed by J A Salehi, and the numerical result can be easily achieved in this expression.展开更多
Channel state information(CSI)is very important to sparse code multiple access combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(SCMA-OFDM)systems for data detection.The main goal of this paper is to tackle the...Channel state information(CSI)is very important to sparse code multiple access combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(SCMA-OFDM)systems for data detection.The main goal of this paper is to tackle the computational complexity and pilot overhead issues when estima-ting and tracking the channel frequency response of each user in uplink SCMA-OFDM systems.To this end,a new binary pilot structure is first designed to realize the initial channel estimation with significantly reduced computational complexity.Then,a channel tracking method is proposed to update the channel estimation in time-varying channels,which exploits a modified least mean square(LMS)technique with the feedback from the detector.Simulation results show that the pro-posed pilot structure can provide accurate channel estimation results.Moreover,the average bit error rate(BER)performance of the modified LMS algorithm can approach that of a detector with perfect CSI within 2 dB at the normalized Doppler frequency up to 6×10^(-6).展开更多
A novel method for improving the capacity of multi-code multimedia Code Division Mul- tiple Access (CDMA) systems is proposed. By factitiously improving the transmission bit rate of the call, the number of the orthogo...A novel method for improving the capacity of multi-code multimedia Code Division Mul- tiple Access (CDMA) systems is proposed. By factitiously improving the transmission bit rate of the call, the number of the orthogonal codes used by a user is increased which leads to the decreasing of the interference. Simulation results shows that the proposed scheme results in better throughput than traditional multi-code CDMA systems.展开更多
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system is often deployed to protect wireless communication from jamming or to preclude undesired reception of the signal. Such themes can only be achieved if the jammer or unde...Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system is often deployed to protect wireless communication from jamming or to preclude undesired reception of the signal. Such themes can only be achieved if the jammer or undesired receiver does not have the knowledge of the spreading code. For this reason, unencrypted M-sequences are a deficient choice for the spreading code when a high level of security is required. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze vulnerability of linear feedback shift register (LFSRs) codes. Then, a new method based on encryption algorithm applied over spreading codes, named hidden frequency hopping is proposed to improve the security of FHSS. The proposed encryption security algorithm is highly reliable, and can be applied to all existing data communication systems based on spread spectrum techniques. Since the multi-user detection is an inherent characteristic for FHSS, the multi-user interference must be studied carefully. Hence, a new method called optimum pair “key-input” selection is proposed which reduces interference below the desired constant threshold.展开更多
文摘Capcity both in uplink and downlink of TD-SCDMA (time division-synchronous code division multiple access) system is studied in a multi-cell environment. The theoretical expressions of the mean of intercell interference in uplink and the mean of sum of power allocation in downlink are given, by which uplink and downlink capacity is analyzed. Furthermore, we give the simulation models for both uplink and downlink capacity. The results from theoretical analysis and simulation fit very well. In the end, the maximum number of users that TD-SCDMA system can serve for 12.2 k speech service is given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61475099 and 61102053)the Program of State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices(Grant No.KF201405)+1 种基金the Open Fund of IPOC(BUPT)(Grant No.IPOC2015B004)the Program of State Key Laboratory of Information Security(Grant No.2016-MS-05)
文摘A quantum access network has been implemented by frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access, while code division multiple access is limited for its difficulty to realize the orthogonality of the code. Recently,the chaotic phase shifters were proposed to guarantee the orthogonality by different chaotic signals and spread the spectral content of the quantum states. In this letter, we propose to implement the code division multiple access quantum network by using chaotic phase shifters and synchronization. Due to the orthogonality of the different chaotic phase shifter, every pair of users can faithfully transmit quantum information through a common channel and have little crosstalk between different users. Meanwhile, the broadband spectra of chaotic signals efficiently help the quantum states to defend against channel loss and noise.
基金Project supported by the National Science Foundation for Creative Research Groups （Grant No.60521002）, and the National Key Technologies R＆D Program （Grant No.2005BA908B02）
文摘An important feature of the traffic in mobile networks is burstiness. Drawbacks of conventional power control algorithms for time division duplex （TDD）-code division multiple access （CDMA） systems are analyzed. A joint power control algorithm based on service factor is presented to address the TDD-CDMA mobile services in the burst mode according to the Markov modulated Bernoulli process. The joint power control equation is derived. A function model is developed to verify the new algorithm and evaluate its performance. Simulation results show that the new power control algorithm can estimate interference strength more precisely, speed up convergence of power control, and enhance power efficiency and system capacity. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is more robust against link gain changes, and outperforms the reference algorithms.
文摘Call admission control (CAC) and resource reservation (RR) for mobile communication are two important factors that guarantee system efficiency and quality of service (QoS) required for different services in a very scarce resource as the radio spectrum. A new scheme was proposed which extends the concepts of resource sharing and reservations for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems with a unique feature of soft capacity. Voice and data traffic were considered. The traffic is further classified into handoff and new requests. The reservation thresholds were dynamically adjusted according to the traffic pattern and mobility prediction in order to achieve the maximum channel utilization, while guaranteeing different QoS constraints. The performance of proposed scheme was evaluated using Markov models. New call blocking probability, handoff call dropping probability, and channel utilization were used as benchmarks for the proposed scheme.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China(No 2006AA01Z407,No.2007AA01Z478)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.20070420707)
文摘A multiple watermarking algorithm is presented according to the multiple accessing technique of the code division multiple access （CDMA） system. Multiple watermarks are embedded into digital images in the wavelet transform domain. Each of the watermarks is embedded and extracted independently without impacts to each other. Multiple watermarks are convolution encoded and block interleaved, and the orthogonal Gold sequences are used to spread spectrum of the copyright messages. CDMA encoded water-mark messages are embedded into the wavelet sub-bands excluding the wavelet HH1 sub-bands. The embedment amplitude is decided by Watson＇ s perceptual model of wavelet transform domain, and the embedmeut position in the selected wavelet sub-bands is decided randomly by a pseudo-random noise （PN） sequence. As a blind watermm＇king algorithm, watermarks are extracted without original image. The watermarking capacity of proposed algorithm is also discussed. When two watermarks are embedded in an image at the same time, the capacity is larger than the capacity when a single watermark is embedded, and is smaller than the sum of the capacity of two separately embedded watermarks. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the detection bits error rate （BER） observably, and the multiple watermarks have a preferable robustness and invisibility.
文摘A passive optical network （PON） scheme based on optical code division multiplexing （OCDM） for the downstream traffics is proposed and analyzed in detail. In the PON, the downstream traffics are broadcasted by OCDM technology to guarantee the security, while the upstream traffics pass through the same optical fiber by the common time division multiple access （TDMA） technology to decrease the cost. This schemes are denoted as OCDM/TDMA-PON, which can be applied to an optical access network （OAN） with full services on demand, such as Internet protocol, video on demand, tele-presence and high quality audio. The proposed OCDM/TDMA-PON scheme combines advantages of PON, TDMA, and OCDM technology. Simulation results indicate that the designed scheme improves the OAN performance, and enhances flexibility and scalability of the system.
文摘In this paper, we discuss and analyze an optical code division multiple access for multiple user system. Media access control implementation has been considered. For fulfilling the huge need of bandwidth services, technology tends to move to optical networks and three major optical systems come into existence. Code division of the optical network is most used and real concept interacted with users up to this time. Optical code division multiple access provides complete spectrum to each and every user for the time of accessing the channel. In the paper, we have proposed network architecture with optical encoder and decoder along with optical code translator which is supporting multiple user systems. We integrate the code translator with encoding and decoding of optical code to use the optical network at full extent and present the simulation validation results of 6 Gb/s 3-hop transmission by use of proposed architecture. Further, we have implemented experimentation with 6 users 3 Gb/s optical code division multiple access network. Through simulation structure, it is shown that the combination of encoding with EDFA in multiple user environment system provides improvement in bit error rate and also improves the multiple access interference. With increase of users in the network, MAI value increases and our proposed scheme controls interference in the network.
文摘In recent times, there has been growing interests in integration of voice, data and video traffic in wireless communication networks. With these growing interests, WCDMA has immerged as an attractive access technique. The performance of WCDMA system is deteriorated in presence of multipath fading environment. The paper presents space-time coded minimum mean square error (MMSE) Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) in a frequency selective channel. The filter coefficients in MMSE DFE are optimized to suppress noise, intersymbol interference (ISI), and multiple access interference (MAI) with reasonable system complexity. For the above structure, we have presented the estimation of BER for a MMSE DFE using computer simulation experiments. The simulation includes the effects of additive white Gaussian noise, multipath fading and multiple access interference (MAI). Furthermore, the performance is compared with standard linear equalizer (LE) and RAKE receiver. Numerical and simulation results show that the MMSE DFE exhibits significant performance improvement over the standard linear equalizer (LE) and RAKE receiver.
文摘This paper investigates a peak to average power ratio （PAPR） reduction method in multicarrier code division multiple access （MC-CDMA） system. Variable code sets （VCS）, a spreading codes selection scheme, can improve the PAPR property of the MC-CDMA signals, but this technique requires an exhaustive search over the combinations of spreading code sets. It is observed that when the number of active users increases, the search complexity will increase exponentially. Based on this fact, we propose a low complexity VCS （LC-VCS） method to reduce the computational complexity. The basic idea of LC-VCS is to derive new signals using the relationship between candidature signals. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can reduce PAPR with lower comtational pucomplexity. In addition, it can be blindly received without any side information.
文摘Recently,the increasing demand of radio spectrum for the next generation communication systems due to the explosive growth of applications appetite for bandwidths has led to the problem of spectrum scarcity.The potential approaches among the proposed solutions to resolve this issue are well explored cognitive radio(CR)technology and recently introduced non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)techniques.Both the techniques are employed for efficient spectrum utilization and assure the significant improvement in the spectral efficiency.Further,the significant improvement in spectral efficiency can be achieved by combining both the techniques.Since the CR is well-explored technique as compared to that of the NOMA in the field of communication,therefore it is worth and wise to implement this technique over the CR.In this article,we have presented the frameworks of NOMA implementation over CR as well as the feasibility of proposed frameworks.Further,the differences between proposed CR-NOMA and conventional CR frameworks are discussed.Finally,the potential issues regarding the implementation of CR-NOMA are explored.
文摘Achieving sound communication systems in Under Water Acoustic(UWA)environment remains challenging for researchers.The communication scheme is complex since these acoustic channels exhibit uneven characteristics such as long propagation delay and irregular Doppler shifts.The development of machine and deep learning algorithms has reduced the burden of achieving reli-able and good communication schemes in the underwater acoustic environment.This paper proposes a novel intelligent selection method between the different modulation schemes such as Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA),Time Divi-sion Multiple Access(TDMA),and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)techniques using the hybrid combination of the convolutional neural net-works(CNN)and ensemble single feedforward layers(SFL).The convolutional neural networks are used for channel feature extraction,and boosted ensembled feedforward layers are used for modulation selection based on the CNN outputs.The extensive experimentation is carried out and compared with other hybrid learning models and conventional methods.Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed hybrid learning model has achieved nearly 98%accuracy and a 30%increase in BER performance which outperformed the other learning models in achieving the communication schemes under dynamic underwater environments.
文摘In this paper the impact factors on the optical fiber LAN network with ring topology are considered. The couple ratio, the self-ring effect, the Multiple-Access Interference (MAI), and the channel noises are the main factors degrading the system performance. We develop a systematic method that employs the smallest p multiplication method to analyze the optimization of the ring network. The results show that choosing an optimal couple ratio and power control will enhance the system performance dramatically. In addition, the “self-ring” interference and MAI can be suppressed by power control to some extent.
文摘A new performance analysis method of Optical Code Division Multiple Access ( OCDMA ) systems with an optical hard limiter is studied. The bit error probability of the OCDMA system is derived, and the numerical results of the system with and without an ideal optical hard limiter are analyzed respectively. The results show that although the derived expression is different from the one derived by J A Salehi , the numerical results are the same as those analyzed by J A Salehi, and the numerical result can be easily achieved in this expression.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62171135)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2023J01399)。
文摘Channel state information(CSI)is very important to sparse code multiple access combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(SCMA-OFDM)systems for data detection.The main goal of this paper is to tackle the computational complexity and pilot overhead issues when estima-ting and tracking the channel frequency response of each user in uplink SCMA-OFDM systems.To this end,a new binary pilot structure is first designed to realize the initial channel estimation with significantly reduced computational complexity.Then,a channel tracking method is proposed to update the channel estimation in time-varying channels,which exploits a modified least mean square(LMS)technique with the feedback from the detector.Simulation results show that the pro-posed pilot structure can provide accurate channel estimation results.Moreover,the average bit error rate(BER)performance of the modified LMS algorithm can approach that of a detector with perfect CSI within 2 dB at the normalized Doppler frequency up to 6×10^(-6).
基金the Natural Science Fund for Jiangsu Province Universities (No.06kJB510078 and No.06KJA51001) by the Research Open Fund of the National Mobile Communications Key Lab (No.N200507).
文摘A novel method for improving the capacity of multi-code multimedia Code Division Mul- tiple Access (CDMA) systems is proposed. By factitiously improving the transmission bit rate of the call, the number of the orthogonal codes used by a user is increased which leads to the decreasing of the interference. Simulation results shows that the proposed scheme results in better throughput than traditional multi-code CDMA systems.
文摘Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system is often deployed to protect wireless communication from jamming or to preclude undesired reception of the signal. Such themes can only be achieved if the jammer or undesired receiver does not have the knowledge of the spreading code. For this reason, unencrypted M-sequences are a deficient choice for the spreading code when a high level of security is required. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze vulnerability of linear feedback shift register (LFSRs) codes. Then, a new method based on encryption algorithm applied over spreading codes, named hidden frequency hopping is proposed to improve the security of FHSS. The proposed encryption security algorithm is highly reliable, and can be applied to all existing data communication systems based on spread spectrum techniques. Since the multi-user detection is an inherent characteristic for FHSS, the multi-user interference must be studied carefully. Hence, a new method called optimum pair “key-input” selection is proposed which reduces interference below the desired constant threshold.
