With the aid of multi-agent based modeling approach to complex systems, the hierarchy simulation models of carrier-based aircraft catapult launch are developed. Ocean, carrier, aircraft, and atmosphere are treated as ...With the aid of multi-agent based modeling approach to complex systems, the hierarchy simulation models of carrier-based aircraft catapult launch are developed. Ocean, carrier, aircraft, and atmosphere are treated as aggregation agents, the detailed components like catapult, landing gears, and disturbances are considered as meta-agents, which belong to their aggregation agent. Thus, the model with two layers is formed i.e. the aggregation agent layer and the meta-agent layer. The information communication among all agents is described. The meta-agents within one aggregation agent communicate with each other directly by information sharing, but the meta-agents, which belong to different aggregation agents exchange their information through the aggregation layer first, and then perceive it from the sharing environment, that is the aggregation agent. Thus, not only the hierarchy model is built, but also the environment perceived by each agent is specified. Meanwhile, the problem of balancing the independency of agent and the resource consumption brought by real-time communication within multi-agent system （MAS） is resolved. Each agent involved in carrier-based aircraft catapult launch is depicted, with considering the interaction within disturbed atmospheric environment and multiple motion bodies including carrier, aircraft, and landing gears. The models of reactive agents among them are derived based on tensors, and the perceived messages and inner frameworks of each agent are characterized. Finally, some results of a simulation instance are given. The simulation and modeling of dynamic system based on multi-agent system is of benefit to express physical concepts and logical hierarchy clearly and precisely. The system model can easily draw in kinds of other agents to achieve a precise simulation of more complex system. This modeling technique makes the complex integral dynamic equations of multibodies decompose into parallel operations of single agent, and it is convenient to expand, maintain, and reuse the program codes.展开更多
Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL)is a key technology for enabling cooperation in complex multi-agent systems.It has achieved remarkable progress in areas such as gaming,autonomous driving,and multi-...Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL)is a key technology for enabling cooperation in complex multi-agent systems.It has achieved remarkable progress in areas such as gaming,autonomous driving,and multi-robot control.Empowering cooperative MARL with multi-task decision-making capabilities is expected to further broaden its application scope.In multi-task scenarios,cooperative MARL algorithms need to address 3 types of multi-task problems:reward-related multi-task,arising from different reward functions;multi-domain multi-task,caused by differences in state and action spaces,state transition functions;and scalability-related multi-task,resulting from the dynamic variation in the number of agents.Most existing studies focus on scalability-related multitask problems.However,with the increasing integration between large language models(LLMs)and multi-agent systems,a growing number of LLM-based multi-agent systems have emerged,enabling more complex multi-task cooperation.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advances in this field.By combining multi-task reinforcement learning with cooperative MARL,we categorize and analyze the 3 major types of multi-task problems under multi-agent settings,offering more fine-grained classifications and summarizing key insights for each.In addition,we summarize commonly used benchmarks and discuss future directions of research in this area,which hold promise for further enhancing the multi-task cooperation capabilities of multi-agent systems and expanding their practical applications in the real world.展开更多
In this paper,a resilient distributed control scheme against replay attacks for multi-agent networked systems subject to input and state constraints is proposed.The methodological starting point relies on a smart use ...In this paper,a resilient distributed control scheme against replay attacks for multi-agent networked systems subject to input and state constraints is proposed.The methodological starting point relies on a smart use of predictive arguments with a twofold aim:1)Promptly detect malicious agent behaviors affecting normal system operations;2)Apply specific control actions,based on predictive ideas,for mitigating as much as possible undesirable domino effects resulting from adversary operations.Specifically,the multi-agent system is topologically described by a leader-follower digraph characterized by a unique leader and set-theoretic receding horizon control ideas are exploited to develop a distributed algorithm capable to instantaneously recognize the attacked agent.Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to show benefits and effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
Aiming at the problem on cooperative air-defense of surface warship formation, this paper maps the cooperative airdefense system of systems （SoS） for surface warship formation （CASoSSWF） to the biological immune s...Aiming at the problem on cooperative air-defense of surface warship formation, this paper maps the cooperative airdefense system of systems （SoS） for surface warship formation （CASoSSWF） to the biological immune system （BIS） according to the similarity of the defense mechanism and characteristics between the CASoSSWF and the BIS, and then designs the models of components and the architecture for a monitoring agent, a regulating agent, a killer agent, a pre-warning agent and a communicating agent by making use of the theories and methods of the artificial immune system, the multi-agent system （MAS）, the vaccine and the danger theory （DT）. Moreover a new immune multi-agent model using vaccine based on DT （IMMUVBDT） for the cooperative air-defense SoS is advanced. The immune response and immune mechanism of the CASoSSWF are analyzed. The model has a capability of memory, evolution, commendable dynamic environment adaptability and self-learning, and embodies adequately the cooperative air-defense mechanism for the CASoSSWF. Therefore it shows a novel idea for the CASoSSWF which can provide conception models for a surface warship formation operation simulation system.展开更多
In this paper,the multi-agent model about shop logistics is set up. This model has 8 agents: raw materials stock agent,process agent,testing agent,transition agent,production information agent,scheduling agent,process...In this paper,the multi-agent model about shop logistics is set up. This model has 8 agents: raw materials stock agent,process agent,testing agent,transition agent,production information agent,scheduling agent,process agent and stock agent. The scheduling agent has three subagents: manager agent (MA),resource agent (RA) and part agent (PA). MA,PA and RA are communicating equally that guarantees agility of the whole MAS system. The part tasks pass between MA,RA and PA as an integer,which can guarantee the consistency of the data. We use a detailed example about shop logistics scheduling in a semiconductor company to explain the principle. In this example,we use two scheduling strategies: FCFS and SPT. The result data indicates that the average flow time and lingering ratio are changed using different strategy. It is proves that the multi-agent scheduling is useful.展开更多
Through denoting each expert as an agent and viewing a multiple criteria decision-making as a synthesis problem of aggregating experts＇ ratings, a multi-agent blind model （MABM） is developed for regional eco-enviro...Through denoting each expert as an agent and viewing a multiple criteria decision-making as a synthesis problem of aggregating experts＇ ratings, a multi-agent blind model （MABM） is developed for regional eco-environmental quality assessment. In this model, the ratings of the evaluated object under an index, given by expert group, are first utilized to construct a series of blind numbers. In general, each index will correspond to different blind numbers. On the basis of aggregating index weights, the rank score in the form of a blind number is obtained for the evaluated object. Then, by means of calculating expected value of the above blind number, its rank score is further converted into a crisp value. By way of comparing the expected value with classification standards, eco-environmental quality of the evaluated sample could he identified successfully in the end. As a case, the MABM is used to evaluate the eco-environmental quality of Chaohu Lake basin. Study result shows that the MABM is a useful model for regional eco-environmental quality assessment.展开更多
As optimization of parameters affects prediction accuracy and generalization ability of support vector regression(SVR) greatly and the predictive model often mismatches nonlinear system model predictive control,a mult...As optimization of parameters affects prediction accuracy and generalization ability of support vector regression(SVR) greatly and the predictive model often mismatches nonlinear system model predictive control,a multi-step model predictive control based on online SVR(OSVR) optimized by multi-agent particle swarm optimization algorithm(MAPSO) is put forward. By integrating the online learning ability of OSVR, the predictive model can self-correct and adapt to the dynamic changes in nonlinear process well.展开更多
BACKGROUND Designing a feasible risk prediction model for advanced colorectal neoplasia(ACN)can enhance colonoscopy screening efficiency.Abdominal obesity is associated with colorectal cancer development.AIM To propos...BACKGROUND Designing a feasible risk prediction model for advanced colorectal neoplasia(ACN)can enhance colonoscopy screening efficiency.Abdominal obesity is associated with colorectal cancer development.AIM To propose and evaluate a modified scoring model incorporating waist-hip ratio for the prediction of ACN.METHODS A total of 6483 patients who underwent their first screening or diagnostic colonoscopy in our center between 2020 and 2023 were recruited,in which 4592 were in the derivation cohort and 1891 formed a validation cohort.Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the risk factors of ACN in the derivation cohort based on endoscopic findings,and a new scoring model for ACN prediction was developed.The discriminatory capability of the scoring model was validated by the validation cohort.RESULTS Age,male gender,smoking,and wait-to-hip ratio were identified as independent risk factors for ACN,and a 7-point scoring model was developed.The prevalence of ACN was 3.3%,9.3%and 18.5%in participants with scores of 0-2[low risk(LR)],3–4[moderate risk(MR)],and 5–7[high risk(HR)],respectively,in the derivation cohort.With the scoring model,49.9%,38.4%,and 11.7%of patients in the validation cohort were categorized as LR,MR,and HR,respectively.The corresponding prevalence rates of ACN were 5.0%,10.3%,and 17.6%,respectively.The C-statistic of the new scoring model was 0.66,which was higher than that of the Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening model(0.63).CONCLUSION A modified scoring model incorporating waist-hip ratio has an improved predictive performance in the prediction of ACN.展开更多
The dynamic,heterogeneous nature of Edge computing in the Internet of Things(Edge-IoT)and Industrial IoT(IIoT)networks brings unique and evolving cybersecurity challenges.This study maps cyber threats in Edge-IoT/IIoT...The dynamic,heterogeneous nature of Edge computing in the Internet of Things(Edge-IoT)and Industrial IoT(IIoT)networks brings unique and evolving cybersecurity challenges.This study maps cyber threats in Edge-IoT/IIoT environments to the Adversarial Tactics,Techniques,and Common Knowledge(ATT&CK)framework by MITRE and introduces a lightweight,data-driven scoring model that enables rapid identification and prioritization of attacks.Inspired by the Factor Analysis of Information Risk model,our proposed scoring model integrates four key metrics:Common Vulnerability Scoring System(CVSS)-based severity scoring,Cyber Kill Chain–based difficulty estimation,Deep Neural Networks-driven detection scoring,and frequency analysis based on dataset prevalence.By aggregating these indicators,the model generates comprehensive risk profiles,facilitating actionable prioritization of threats.Robustness and stability of the scoring model are validated through non-parametric correlation analysis using Spearman’s and Kendall’s rank correlation coefficients,demonstrating consistent performance across diverse scenarios.The approach culminates in a prioritized attack ranking that provides actionable guidance for risk mitigation and resource allocation in Edge-IoT/IIoT security operations.By leveraging real-world data to align MITRE ATT&CK techniques with CVSS metrics,the framework offers a standardized and practically applicable solution for consistent threat assessment in operational settings.The proposed lightweight scoring model delivers rapid and reliable results under dynamic cyber conditions,facilitating timely identification of attack scenarios and prioritization of response strategies.Our systematic integration of established taxonomies with data-driven indicators strengthens practical risk management and supports strategic planning in next-generation IoT deployments.Ultimately,this work advances adaptive threat modeling for Edge/IIoT ecosystems and establishes a robust foundation for evidence-based prioritization in emerging cyber-physical infrastructures.展开更多
This editorial comment is on the article by Xu et al.It offers an in-depth analysis of liver function assessment tools and their prognostic roles in non-malignant liver diseases,with a focus on the albumin-bilirubin(A...This editorial comment is on the article by Xu et al.It offers an in-depth analysis of liver function assessment tools and their prognostic roles in non-malignant liver diseases,with a focus on the albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score.ALBI’s components,grading system,and clinical relevance across various liver conditions are reviewed and compared with traditional models such as the Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores.We included recent studies evaluating ALBI’s role in estimating liver function,suggesting it may help differentiate patients who appear similar under other staging systems,and assist in guiding clinical decisions.Although ALBI is primarily used as an indicator of hepatic reservoir in hepatocellular carcinoma,it has been demonstrated a positive correlation with overall survival,tumor recurrence,and post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients undergoing potentially curative treatments such as liver resection,liver transplantation,and local ablation.Moreover,several studies suggest that ALBI can also predict survival outcomes,treatment-related toxicity,and liver-related complications in patients receiving trans-arterial chemoembolization,radioembolization,external-beam radiotherapy,or systemic therapies.Its growing use in nonmalignant liver diseases,including primary biliary cholangitis,cirrhosis,acute and chronic liver failure,and viral hepatitis highlights the need for large,prospective studies.Further studies are warranted to validate the integration of ALBI into routine clinical practice and to clarify its role in guiding prognosis and treatment planning.展开更多
An Interval Type-2(IT-2)fuzzy controller design approach is proposed in this research to simultaneously achievemultiple control objectives inNonlinearMulti-Agent Systems(NMASs),including formation,containment,and coll...An Interval Type-2(IT-2)fuzzy controller design approach is proposed in this research to simultaneously achievemultiple control objectives inNonlinearMulti-Agent Systems(NMASs),including formation,containment,and collision avoidance.However,inherent nonlinearities and uncertainties present in practical control systems contribute to the challenge of achieving precise control performance.Based on the IT-2 Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Model(T-SFM),the fuzzy control approach can offer a more effective solution for NMASs facing uncertainties.Unlike existing control methods for NMASs,the Formation and Containment(F-and-C)control problem with collision avoidance capability under uncertainties based on the IT-2 T-SFM is discussed for the first time.Moreover,an IT-2 fuzzy tracking control approach is proposed to solve the formation task for leaders in NMASs without requiring communication.This control scheme makes the design process of the IT-2 fuzzy Formation Controller(FC)more straightforward and effective.According to the communication interaction protocol,the IT-2 Containment Controller(CC)design approach is proposed for followers to ensure convergence into the region defined by the leaders.Leveraging the IT-2 T-SFM representation,the analysis methods developed for linear Multi-Agent Systems(MASs)are successfully extended to perform containment analysis without requiring the additional assumptions imposed in existing research.Notably,the IT-2 fuzzy tracking controller can also be applied in collision avoidance situations to track the desired trajectories calculated by the avoidance algorithm under the Artificial Potential Field(APF).Benefiting from the combination of vortex and source APFs,the leaders can properly adjust the system dynamics to prevent potential collision risk.Integrating the fuzzy theory and APFs avoidance algorithm,an IT-2 fuzzy controller design approach is proposed to achieve the F-and-C purposewhile ensuring collision avoidance capability.Finally,amulti-ship simulation is conducted to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed IT-2 fuzzy controller.展开更多
An intelligent manufacturing system is modeled currently from the viewpoint of manufacturing applications,and the network platform’s influence to manufacturing applications is not considered adequately. However any b...An intelligent manufacturing system is modeled currently from the viewpoint of manufacturing applications,and the network platform’s influence to manufacturing applications is not considered adequately. However any bottleneck in service oriented architecture (SOA) for the manufacturing network can affect the agility of the IT environment. In this paper,to achieve a trade-off between manufacturing resources and network resources,the manufacturing network is modeled with multi-agent,in which two kinds of basic elements,the manufacturing application unit and the network carrier of manufacturing information,are presented. And their main characters are described by colored petri net. The manufacturing application model drives the network platform that inversely provides this application model technology supports. The proposed multi-agent system is demonstrated through an example integration scenario involving production plan,resources management and execution subsystems. And the result suggests that analyzing and designing the system architecture of networked manufacturing should give due attention to the operation system as well as manufacturing applications.展开更多
Dynamic architecture of multi-agent systems （MAS） is important for critical systems. As the existing formal specifications of MAS cannot describe its dynamic architecture, a formal approach using n-calculus is prese...Dynamic architecture of multi-agent systems （MAS） is important for critical systems. As the existing formal specifications of MAS cannot describe its dynamic architecture, a formal approach using n-calculus is presented, which is suited for the describing and analyzing of concurrent MAS with dynamic topology, n-calculus describes the belief-desireintention （BDI） model that represents agent＇s mental states and provides many useful facilities to analyze MAS model such as deadlock, behavior equivalence, and model checking. To illustrate the favorable representation capability of n-calculus, an example of dynamic multi-agent systems in e-commerce is provided. Finally, by using an existing n-calculus supporting tool, MAS model and some key behaviors properties are analyzed and verified.展开更多
User interest mining on Sina Weibo is the basis of personalized recommendations,advertising,marketing promotions,and other tasks.Although great progress has been made in this area,previous studies have ignored the dif...User interest mining on Sina Weibo is the basis of personalized recommendations,advertising,marketing promotions,and other tasks.Although great progress has been made in this area,previous studies have ignored the differences among users:the varied behaviors and habits that lead to unique user data characteristics.It is unreasonable to use a single strategy to mine interests from such varied user data.Therefore,this paper proposes an adaptive model for user interest mining based on a multi-agent system whose input includes self-descriptive user data,microblogs and correlations.This method has the ability to select the appropriate strategy based on each user’s data characteristics.The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than the baselines.展开更多
It is necessary for mine countermeasure systems to recognise the model of a water mine before destroying because the destroying measures to be taken must be determined according to mine model. In this paper, an immune...It is necessary for mine countermeasure systems to recognise the model of a water mine before destroying because the destroying measures to be taken must be determined according to mine model. In this paper, an immune neural network (INN) along with water mine model recognition system based on multi-agent system is proposed. A modified clonal selection algorithm for constructing such an INN is presented based on clonal selection principle. The INN is a two-layer Boolean network whose number of outputs is adaptable according to the task and the affinity threshold. Adjusting the affinity threshold can easily control different recognition precision, and the affinity threshold also can control the capability of noise tolerance.展开更多
Different from the organization structure of complex projects in Western countries, the Liang Zong hierarchical organization structure of complex projects in China has two different chains, the chief-engineer chain an...Different from the organization structure of complex projects in Western countries, the Liang Zong hierarchical organization structure of complex projects in China has two different chains, the chief-engineer chain and the general-director chain,to handle the trade-off between technical and management decisions. However, previous works on organization search have mainly focused on the single-chain hierarchical organization in which all decisions are regarded as homogeneous. The heterogeneity and the interdependency between technical decisions and management decisions have been neglected. A two-chain hierarchical organization structure mapped from a real complex project is constructed. Then, a discrete decision model for a Liang Zong two-chain hierarchical organization in an NK model framework is proposed. This model proves that this kind of organization structure can reduce the search space by a large amount and that the search process should reach a final stable state more quickly. For a more complicated decision mechanism, a multi-agent simulation based on the above NK model is used to explore the effect of the two-chain organization structure on the speed, stability, and performance of the search process. The results provide three insights into how, compared with the single-chain hierarchical organization, the two-chain organization can improve the search process: it can reduce the number of iterations efficiently; the search is more stable because the search space is a smoother hill-like fitness landscape; in general, the search performance can be improved.However, when the organization structure is very complicated, the performance of a two-chain organization is inferior to that of a single-chain organization. These findings about the efficiency of the unique Chinese-style organization structure can be used to guide organization design for complex projects.展开更多
The decision.making process of the public service facility configuration in multi.agent community is usually simplistic and static. In order to reflect dynamic changes and interactions of all behavior subjects indudin...The decision.making process of the public service facility configuration in multi.agent community is usually simplistic and static. In order to reflect dynamic changes and interactions of all behavior subjects induding of residents, real estate developers and the government, a decision-making model of public service facility configuration according to the multi-agent theory was made to improve the efficiency of the public service facility configuration in community and the living quality of residents. Taking a community to the cast of Jinhui Port in Fengxian District in Shanghai for example, the model analyzed the decision-makers＇ adaptive behaviors and simulated the decision.making criteria. The results indicate that the decision-making model and criteria can be well of satisfying the purpose of improving validity and rationality of public service facility configuration in large community.展开更多
The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments h...The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments have begun to emerge. However, under the multi-subject supply, longterm lease apartments have encountered problems such as small profits in their development. Starting from the background of the development of long-term lease apartments, this study classified the main types of long-term lease apartments, analyzed the four profit models of comprehensive profit, expansion of rent difference, REITs and value-added services based on their business models, and proposed corresponding suggestions on the profitability of long-term lease apartments according to the current situation of profit difficulty of long-term lease apartments and the lack of profit models.展开更多
Model checking is an automated formal verification method to verify whether epistemic multi-agent systems adhere to property specifications.Although there is an extensive literature on qualitative properties such as s...Model checking is an automated formal verification method to verify whether epistemic multi-agent systems adhere to property specifications.Although there is an extensive literature on qualitative properties such as safety and liveness,there is still a lack of quantitative and uncertain property verifications for these systems.In uncertain environments,agents must make judicious decisions based on subjective epistemic.To verify epistemic and measurable properties in multi-agent systems,this paper extends fuzzy computation tree logic by introducing epistemic modalities and proposing a new Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic of Knowledge(FCTLK).We represent fuzzy multi-agent systems as distributed knowledge bases with fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems.In addition,we provide a transformation algorithm from fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems to fuzzy Kripke structures,as well as transformation rules from FCTLK formulas to Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic(FCTL)formulas.Accordingly,we transform the FCTLK model checking problem into the FCTL model checking.This enables the verification of FCTLK formulas by using the fuzzy model checking algorithm of FCTL without additional computational overheads.Finally,we present correctness proofs and complexity analyses of the proposed algorithms.Additionally,we further illustrate the practical application of our approach through an example of a train control system.展开更多
基金Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (2006ZA51004)
文摘With the aid of multi-agent based modeling approach to complex systems, the hierarchy simulation models of carrier-based aircraft catapult launch are developed. Ocean, carrier, aircraft, and atmosphere are treated as aggregation agents, the detailed components like catapult, landing gears, and disturbances are considered as meta-agents, which belong to their aggregation agent. Thus, the model with two layers is formed i.e. the aggregation agent layer and the meta-agent layer. The information communication among all agents is described. The meta-agents within one aggregation agent communicate with each other directly by information sharing, but the meta-agents, which belong to different aggregation agents exchange their information through the aggregation layer first, and then perceive it from the sharing environment, that is the aggregation agent. Thus, not only the hierarchy model is built, but also the environment perceived by each agent is specified. Meanwhile, the problem of balancing the independency of agent and the resource consumption brought by real-time communication within multi-agent system （MAS） is resolved. Each agent involved in carrier-based aircraft catapult launch is depicted, with considering the interaction within disturbed atmospheric environment and multiple motion bodies including carrier, aircraft, and landing gears. The models of reactive agents among them are derived based on tensors, and the perceived messages and inner frameworks of each agent are characterized. Finally, some results of a simulation instance are given. The simulation and modeling of dynamic system based on multi-agent system is of benefit to express physical concepts and logical hierarchy clearly and precisely. The system model can easily draw in kinds of other agents to achieve a precise simulation of more complex system. This modeling technique makes the complex integral dynamic equations of multibodies decompose into parallel operations of single agent, and it is convenient to expand, maintain, and reuse the program codes.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62136008,62293541)The Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4232056)The Beijing Nova Program(20240484514).
文摘Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL)is a key technology for enabling cooperation in complex multi-agent systems.It has achieved remarkable progress in areas such as gaming,autonomous driving,and multi-robot control.Empowering cooperative MARL with multi-task decision-making capabilities is expected to further broaden its application scope.In multi-task scenarios,cooperative MARL algorithms need to address 3 types of multi-task problems:reward-related multi-task,arising from different reward functions;multi-domain multi-task,caused by differences in state and action spaces,state transition functions;and scalability-related multi-task,resulting from the dynamic variation in the number of agents.Most existing studies focus on scalability-related multitask problems.However,with the increasing integration between large language models(LLMs)and multi-agent systems,a growing number of LLM-based multi-agent systems have emerged,enabling more complex multi-task cooperation.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advances in this field.By combining multi-task reinforcement learning with cooperative MARL,we categorize and analyze the 3 major types of multi-task problems under multi-agent settings,offering more fine-grained classifications and summarizing key insights for each.In addition,we summarize commonly used benchmarks and discuss future directions of research in this area,which hold promise for further enhancing the multi-task cooperation capabilities of multi-agent systems and expanding their practical applications in the real world.
文摘In this paper,a resilient distributed control scheme against replay attacks for multi-agent networked systems subject to input and state constraints is proposed.The methodological starting point relies on a smart use of predictive arguments with a twofold aim:1)Promptly detect malicious agent behaviors affecting normal system operations;2)Apply specific control actions,based on predictive ideas,for mitigating as much as possible undesirable domino effects resulting from adversary operations.Specifically,the multi-agent system is topologically described by a leader-follower digraph characterized by a unique leader and set-theoretic receding horizon control ideas are exploited to develop a distributed algorithm capable to instantaneously recognize the attacked agent.Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to show benefits and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
文摘Aiming at the problem on cooperative air-defense of surface warship formation, this paper maps the cooperative airdefense system of systems （SoS） for surface warship formation （CASoSSWF） to the biological immune system （BIS） according to the similarity of the defense mechanism and characteristics between the CASoSSWF and the BIS, and then designs the models of components and the architecture for a monitoring agent, a regulating agent, a killer agent, a pre-warning agent and a communicating agent by making use of the theories and methods of the artificial immune system, the multi-agent system （MAS）, the vaccine and the danger theory （DT）. Moreover a new immune multi-agent model using vaccine based on DT （IMMUVBDT） for the cooperative air-defense SoS is advanced. The immune response and immune mechanism of the CASoSSWF are analyzed. The model has a capability of memory, evolution, commendable dynamic environment adaptability and self-learning, and embodies adequately the cooperative air-defense mechanism for the CASoSSWF. Therefore it shows a novel idea for the CASoSSWF which can provide conception models for a surface warship formation operation simulation system.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Province Science Foundation of China( M703022)
文摘In this paper,the multi-agent model about shop logistics is set up. This model has 8 agents: raw materials stock agent,process agent,testing agent,transition agent,production information agent,scheduling agent,process agent and stock agent. The scheduling agent has three subagents: manager agent (MA),resource agent (RA) and part agent (PA). MA,PA and RA are communicating equally that guarantees agility of the whole MAS system. The part tasks pass between MA,RA and PA as an integer,which can guarantee the consistency of the data. We use a detailed example about shop logistics scheduling in a semiconductor company to explain the principle. In this example,we use two scheduling strategies: FCFS and SPT. The result data indicates that the average flow time and lingering ratio are changed using different strategy. It is proves that the multi-agent scheduling is useful.
基金Under the auspices of the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 050450303 )
文摘Through denoting each expert as an agent and viewing a multiple criteria decision-making as a synthesis problem of aggregating experts＇ ratings, a multi-agent blind model （MABM） is developed for regional eco-environmental quality assessment. In this model, the ratings of the evaluated object under an index, given by expert group, are first utilized to construct a series of blind numbers. In general, each index will correspond to different blind numbers. On the basis of aggregating index weights, the rank score in the form of a blind number is obtained for the evaluated object. Then, by means of calculating expected value of the above blind number, its rank score is further converted into a crisp value. By way of comparing the expected value with classification standards, eco-environmental quality of the evaluated sample could he identified successfully in the end. As a case, the MABM is used to evaluate the eco-environmental quality of Chaohu Lake basin. Study result shows that the MABM is a useful model for regional eco-environmental quality assessment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60905066)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2018jcyjA0667)
文摘As optimization of parameters affects prediction accuracy and generalization ability of support vector regression(SVR) greatly and the predictive model often mismatches nonlinear system model predictive control,a multi-step model predictive control based on online SVR(OSVR) optimized by multi-agent particle swarm optimization algorithm(MAPSO) is put forward. By integrating the online learning ability of OSVR, the predictive model can self-correct and adapt to the dynamic changes in nonlinear process well.
基金Supported by The Guangdong Medical Research Foundation of China,No.A2020603.
文摘BACKGROUND Designing a feasible risk prediction model for advanced colorectal neoplasia(ACN)can enhance colonoscopy screening efficiency.Abdominal obesity is associated with colorectal cancer development.AIM To propose and evaluate a modified scoring model incorporating waist-hip ratio for the prediction of ACN.METHODS A total of 6483 patients who underwent their first screening or diagnostic colonoscopy in our center between 2020 and 2023 were recruited,in which 4592 were in the derivation cohort and 1891 formed a validation cohort.Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the risk factors of ACN in the derivation cohort based on endoscopic findings,and a new scoring model for ACN prediction was developed.The discriminatory capability of the scoring model was validated by the validation cohort.RESULTS Age,male gender,smoking,and wait-to-hip ratio were identified as independent risk factors for ACN,and a 7-point scoring model was developed.The prevalence of ACN was 3.3%,9.3%and 18.5%in participants with scores of 0-2[low risk(LR)],3–4[moderate risk(MR)],and 5–7[high risk(HR)],respectively,in the derivation cohort.With the scoring model,49.9%,38.4%,and 11.7%of patients in the validation cohort were categorized as LR,MR,and HR,respectively.The corresponding prevalence rates of ACN were 5.0%,10.3%,and 17.6%,respectively.The C-statistic of the new scoring model was 0.66,which was higher than that of the Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening model(0.63).CONCLUSION A modified scoring model incorporating waist-hip ratio has an improved predictive performance in the prediction of ACN.
基金supported by the“Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE)”through the Seoul RISE Center,funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)and the Seoul Metropolitan Government(2025-RISE-01-018-05)supported by Quad Miners Corp。
文摘The dynamic,heterogeneous nature of Edge computing in the Internet of Things(Edge-IoT)and Industrial IoT(IIoT)networks brings unique and evolving cybersecurity challenges.This study maps cyber threats in Edge-IoT/IIoT environments to the Adversarial Tactics,Techniques,and Common Knowledge(ATT&CK)framework by MITRE and introduces a lightweight,data-driven scoring model that enables rapid identification and prioritization of attacks.Inspired by the Factor Analysis of Information Risk model,our proposed scoring model integrates four key metrics:Common Vulnerability Scoring System(CVSS)-based severity scoring,Cyber Kill Chain–based difficulty estimation,Deep Neural Networks-driven detection scoring,and frequency analysis based on dataset prevalence.By aggregating these indicators,the model generates comprehensive risk profiles,facilitating actionable prioritization of threats.Robustness and stability of the scoring model are validated through non-parametric correlation analysis using Spearman’s and Kendall’s rank correlation coefficients,demonstrating consistent performance across diverse scenarios.The approach culminates in a prioritized attack ranking that provides actionable guidance for risk mitigation and resource allocation in Edge-IoT/IIoT security operations.By leveraging real-world data to align MITRE ATT&CK techniques with CVSS metrics,the framework offers a standardized and practically applicable solution for consistent threat assessment in operational settings.The proposed lightweight scoring model delivers rapid and reliable results under dynamic cyber conditions,facilitating timely identification of attack scenarios and prioritization of response strategies.Our systematic integration of established taxonomies with data-driven indicators strengthens practical risk management and supports strategic planning in next-generation IoT deployments.Ultimately,this work advances adaptive threat modeling for Edge/IIoT ecosystems and establishes a robust foundation for evidence-based prioritization in emerging cyber-physical infrastructures.
文摘This editorial comment is on the article by Xu et al.It offers an in-depth analysis of liver function assessment tools and their prognostic roles in non-malignant liver diseases,with a focus on the albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score.ALBI’s components,grading system,and clinical relevance across various liver conditions are reviewed and compared with traditional models such as the Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores.We included recent studies evaluating ALBI’s role in estimating liver function,suggesting it may help differentiate patients who appear similar under other staging systems,and assist in guiding clinical decisions.Although ALBI is primarily used as an indicator of hepatic reservoir in hepatocellular carcinoma,it has been demonstrated a positive correlation with overall survival,tumor recurrence,and post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients undergoing potentially curative treatments such as liver resection,liver transplantation,and local ablation.Moreover,several studies suggest that ALBI can also predict survival outcomes,treatment-related toxicity,and liver-related complications in patients receiving trans-arterial chemoembolization,radioembolization,external-beam radiotherapy,or systemic therapies.Its growing use in nonmalignant liver diseases,including primary biliary cholangitis,cirrhosis,acute and chronic liver failure,and viral hepatitis highlights the need for large,prospective studies.Further studies are warranted to validate the integration of ALBI into routine clinical practice and to clarify its role in guiding prognosis and treatment planning.
基金founded by the National Science and Technology Council of the Republic of China under contract NSTC113-2221-E-019-032.
文摘An Interval Type-2(IT-2)fuzzy controller design approach is proposed in this research to simultaneously achievemultiple control objectives inNonlinearMulti-Agent Systems(NMASs),including formation,containment,and collision avoidance.However,inherent nonlinearities and uncertainties present in practical control systems contribute to the challenge of achieving precise control performance.Based on the IT-2 Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Model(T-SFM),the fuzzy control approach can offer a more effective solution for NMASs facing uncertainties.Unlike existing control methods for NMASs,the Formation and Containment(F-and-C)control problem with collision avoidance capability under uncertainties based on the IT-2 T-SFM is discussed for the first time.Moreover,an IT-2 fuzzy tracking control approach is proposed to solve the formation task for leaders in NMASs without requiring communication.This control scheme makes the design process of the IT-2 fuzzy Formation Controller(FC)more straightforward and effective.According to the communication interaction protocol,the IT-2 Containment Controller(CC)design approach is proposed for followers to ensure convergence into the region defined by the leaders.Leveraging the IT-2 T-SFM representation,the analysis methods developed for linear Multi-Agent Systems(MASs)are successfully extended to perform containment analysis without requiring the additional assumptions imposed in existing research.Notably,the IT-2 fuzzy tracking controller can also be applied in collision avoidance situations to track the desired trajectories calculated by the avoidance algorithm under the Artificial Potential Field(APF).Benefiting from the combination of vortex and source APFs,the leaders can properly adjust the system dynamics to prevent potential collision risk.Integrating the fuzzy theory and APFs avoidance algorithm,an IT-2 fuzzy controller design approach is proposed to achieve the F-and-C purposewhile ensuring collision avoidance capability.Finally,amulti-ship simulation is conducted to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed IT-2 fuzzy controller.
文摘An intelligent manufacturing system is modeled currently from the viewpoint of manufacturing applications,and the network platform’s influence to manufacturing applications is not considered adequately. However any bottleneck in service oriented architecture (SOA) for the manufacturing network can affect the agility of the IT environment. In this paper,to achieve a trade-off between manufacturing resources and network resources,the manufacturing network is modeled with multi-agent,in which two kinds of basic elements,the manufacturing application unit and the network carrier of manufacturing information,are presented. And their main characters are described by colored petri net. The manufacturing application model drives the network platform that inversely provides this application model technology supports. The proposed multi-agent system is demonstrated through an example integration scenario involving production plan,resources management and execution subsystems. And the result suggests that analyzing and designing the system architecture of networked manufacturing should give due attention to the operation system as well as manufacturing applications.
基金Project supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.8632003AA721070)
文摘Dynamic architecture of multi-agent systems （MAS） is important for critical systems. As the existing formal specifications of MAS cannot describe its dynamic architecture, a formal approach using n-calculus is presented, which is suited for the describing and analyzing of concurrent MAS with dynamic topology, n-calculus describes the belief-desireintention （BDI） model that represents agent＇s mental states and provides many useful facilities to analyze MAS model such as deadlock, behavior equivalence, and model checking. To illustrate the favorable representation capability of n-calculus, an example of dynamic multi-agent systems in e-commerce is provided. Finally, by using an existing n-calculus supporting tool, MAS model and some key behaviors properties are analyzed and verified.
文摘User interest mining on Sina Weibo is the basis of personalized recommendations,advertising,marketing promotions,and other tasks.Although great progress has been made in this area,previous studies have ignored the differences among users:the varied behaviors and habits that lead to unique user data characteristics.It is unreasonable to use a single strategy to mine interests from such varied user data.Therefore,this paper proposes an adaptive model for user interest mining based on a multi-agent system whose input includes self-descriptive user data,microblogs and correlations.This method has the ability to select the appropriate strategy based on each user’s data characteristics.The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than the baselines.
文摘It is necessary for mine countermeasure systems to recognise the model of a water mine before destroying because the destroying measures to be taken must be determined according to mine model. In this paper, an immune neural network (INN) along with water mine model recognition system based on multi-agent system is proposed. A modified clonal selection algorithm for constructing such an INN is presented based on clonal selection principle. The INN is a two-layer Boolean network whose number of outputs is adaptable according to the task and the affinity threshold. Adjusting the affinity threshold can easily control different recognition precision, and the affinity threshold also can control the capability of noise tolerance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(7157105771390522)the Key Lab for Public Engineering Audit of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing Audit University(GGSS2016-08)
文摘Different from the organization structure of complex projects in Western countries, the Liang Zong hierarchical organization structure of complex projects in China has two different chains, the chief-engineer chain and the general-director chain,to handle the trade-off between technical and management decisions. However, previous works on organization search have mainly focused on the single-chain hierarchical organization in which all decisions are regarded as homogeneous. The heterogeneity and the interdependency between technical decisions and management decisions have been neglected. A two-chain hierarchical organization structure mapped from a real complex project is constructed. Then, a discrete decision model for a Liang Zong two-chain hierarchical organization in an NK model framework is proposed. This model proves that this kind of organization structure can reduce the search space by a large amount and that the search process should reach a final stable state more quickly. For a more complicated decision mechanism, a multi-agent simulation based on the above NK model is used to explore the effect of the two-chain organization structure on the speed, stability, and performance of the search process. The results provide three insights into how, compared with the single-chain hierarchical organization, the two-chain organization can improve the search process: it can reduce the number of iterations efficiently; the search is more stable because the search space is a smoother hill-like fitness landscape; in general, the search performance can be improved.However, when the organization structure is very complicated, the performance of a two-chain organization is inferior to that of a single-chain organization. These findings about the efficiency of the unique Chinese-style organization structure can be used to guide organization design for complex projects.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71403173)
文摘The decision.making process of the public service facility configuration in multi.agent community is usually simplistic and static. In order to reflect dynamic changes and interactions of all behavior subjects induding of residents, real estate developers and the government, a decision-making model of public service facility configuration according to the multi-agent theory was made to improve the efficiency of the public service facility configuration in community and the living quality of residents. Taking a community to the cast of Jinhui Port in Fengxian District in Shanghai for example, the model analyzed the decision-makers＇ adaptive behaviors and simulated the decision.making criteria. The results indicate that the decision-making model and criteria can be well of satisfying the purpose of improving validity and rationality of public service facility configuration in large community.
文摘The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments have begun to emerge. However, under the multi-subject supply, longterm lease apartments have encountered problems such as small profits in their development. Starting from the background of the development of long-term lease apartments, this study classified the main types of long-term lease apartments, analyzed the four profit models of comprehensive profit, expansion of rent difference, REITs and value-added services based on their business models, and proposed corresponding suggestions on the profitability of long-term lease apartments according to the current situation of profit difficulty of long-term lease apartments and the lack of profit models.
基金The work is partially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(Grant No.AAC03300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61962001)Graduate Innovation Project of North Minzu University(Grant No.YCX23152).
文摘Model checking is an automated formal verification method to verify whether epistemic multi-agent systems adhere to property specifications.Although there is an extensive literature on qualitative properties such as safety and liveness,there is still a lack of quantitative and uncertain property verifications for these systems.In uncertain environments,agents must make judicious decisions based on subjective epistemic.To verify epistemic and measurable properties in multi-agent systems,this paper extends fuzzy computation tree logic by introducing epistemic modalities and proposing a new Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic of Knowledge(FCTLK).We represent fuzzy multi-agent systems as distributed knowledge bases with fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems.In addition,we provide a transformation algorithm from fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems to fuzzy Kripke structures,as well as transformation rules from FCTLK formulas to Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic(FCTL)formulas.Accordingly,we transform the FCTLK model checking problem into the FCTL model checking.This enables the verification of FCTLK formulas by using the fuzzy model checking algorithm of FCTL without additional computational overheads.Finally,we present correctness proofs and complexity analyses of the proposed algorithms.Additionally,we further illustrate the practical application of our approach through an example of a train control system.
