Different from the organization structure of complex projects in Western countries, the Liang Zong hierarchical organization structure of complex projects in China has two different chains, the chief-engineer chain an...Different from the organization structure of complex projects in Western countries, the Liang Zong hierarchical organization structure of complex projects in China has two different chains, the chief-engineer chain and the general-director chain,to handle the trade-off between technical and management decisions. However, previous works on organization search have mainly focused on the single-chain hierarchical organization in which all decisions are regarded as homogeneous. The heterogeneity and the interdependency between technical decisions and management decisions have been neglected. A two-chain hierarchical organization structure mapped from a real complex project is constructed. Then, a discrete decision model for a Liang Zong two-chain hierarchical organization in an NK model framework is proposed. This model proves that this kind of organization structure can reduce the search space by a large amount and that the search process should reach a final stable state more quickly. For a more complicated decision mechanism, a multi-agent simulation based on the above NK model is used to explore the effect of the two-chain organization structure on the speed, stability, and performance of the search process. The results provide three insights into how, compared with the single-chain hierarchical organization, the two-chain organization can improve the search process: it can reduce the number of iterations efficiently; the search is more stable because the search space is a smoother hill-like fitness landscape; in general, the search performance can be improved.However, when the organization structure is very complicated, the performance of a two-chain organization is inferior to that of a single-chain organization. These findings about the efficiency of the unique Chinese-style organization structure can be used to guide organization design for complex projects.展开更多
In this study, we develop a mixed reality game system to investigate characteristics ofjudgrnents of individual players in an evacuation process. The characteristics of judgments of the players that are inferred from ...In this study, we develop a mixed reality game system to investigate characteristics ofjudgrnents of individual players in an evacuation process. The characteristics of judgments of the players that are inferred from the performance of the game are then incorporated into a multi-agent simulation as rules. The behavior of evacuees is evaluated in approximations of real situations, by using the agent simulation including different judgments of evacuees. Using the results of the simulation, effective methods are discussed for achieving the escape of the evacuees within a short time.展开更多
The prediction of the behavior of people in a disaster has a useful role to play in the design of urban structures such as department stores, schools, and office buildings. We focus on using emergency exit signs to ef...The prediction of the behavior of people in a disaster has a useful role to play in the design of urban structures such as department stores, schools, and office buildings. We focus on using emergency exit signs to effectively guide the evacuation of people on a floor with a dynamically changing layout. A multi-agent simulation is developed to simulate the behavior of evacuees on a floor. A mathematical model is constructed to obtain optimal sign locations to efficiently assist evacuation under the condition that obstacles are dynamically generated on the floor. The optimal sign locations are calculated by the mathematical model. Then, the developed simulation is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the emergency exit signs and the behavior of evacuees on simple layout models using the calculated optimal sign locations.展开更多
When arranging the pedestrian infrastructure,one of the most important components that make a tangible contribution to the safety of pedestrians is to organize the safe road crossing.In cities,pedestrians often cross ...When arranging the pedestrian infrastructure,one of the most important components that make a tangible contribution to the safety of pedestrians is to organize the safe road crossing.In cities,pedestrians often cross a road in the wrong place due to established routes or inadequate location of crosswalks.Accidents with the participation of pedestrians who crossed the road neglecting the traffic rules,make up a significant part of the total amount of road accidents.In this paper,we propose a method that allows us,on the basis of the results of a computer simulation of pedestrian traffic,to obtain predicted routes for road crossing and to indicate optimal locations for crosswalks that take into account established pedestrian routes and increase their safety.The work describes an extension for the existing AntRoadPlanner simulation algorithm,which searches for and clusters points where pedestrians cross the roadway and suggests locations for new crosswalks.This method was tested on the basis of a comparative simulation of several territories before and after its application,as well as on the basis of a field study of the territories.The developed algorithm can also be used to search for other potentially dangerous places for pedestrians on plans of districts,for example,crossings in places with limited visibility.展开更多
With the aid of multi-agent based modeling approach to complex systems, the hierarchy simulation models of carrier-based aircraft catapult launch are developed. Ocean, carrier, aircraft, and atmosphere are treated as ...With the aid of multi-agent based modeling approach to complex systems, the hierarchy simulation models of carrier-based aircraft catapult launch are developed. Ocean, carrier, aircraft, and atmosphere are treated as aggregation agents, the detailed components like catapult, landing gears, and disturbances are considered as meta-agents, which belong to their aggregation agent. Thus, the model with two layers is formed i.e. the aggregation agent layer and the meta-agent layer. The information communication among all agents is described. The meta-agents within one aggregation agent communicate with each other directly by information sharing, but the meta-agents, which belong to different aggregation agents exchange their information through the aggregation layer first, and then perceive it from the sharing environment, that is the aggregation agent. Thus, not only the hierarchy model is built, but also the environment perceived by each agent is specified. Meanwhile, the problem of balancing the independency of agent and the resource consumption brought by real-time communication within multi-agent system （MAS） is resolved. Each agent involved in carrier-based aircraft catapult launch is depicted, with considering the interaction within disturbed atmospheric environment and multiple motion bodies including carrier, aircraft, and landing gears. The models of reactive agents among them are derived based on tensors, and the perceived messages and inner frameworks of each agent are characterized. Finally, some results of a simulation instance are given. The simulation and modeling of dynamic system based on multi-agent system is of benefit to express physical concepts and logical hierarchy clearly and precisely. The system model can easily draw in kinds of other agents to achieve a precise simulation of more complex system. This modeling technique makes the complex integral dynamic equations of multibodies decompose into parallel operations of single agent, and it is convenient to expand, maintain, and reuse the program codes.展开更多
In this paper,a theoretical framework of Multiagent Simulation(MAS)is proposed for strategic bidding in electricity markets using reinforcement learning,which consists of two parts:one is a MAS system used to simulate...In this paper,a theoretical framework of Multiagent Simulation(MAS)is proposed for strategic bidding in electricity markets using reinforcement learning,which consists of two parts:one is a MAS system used to simulate the competitive bidding of the actual electricity market;the other is an adaptive learning strategy bidding system used to provide agents with more intelligent bidding strategies.An ExperienceWeighted Attraction(EWA)reinforcement learning algorithm(RLA)is applied to the MAS model and a new MAS method is presented for strategic bidding in electricity markets using a new Improved EWA(IEWA).From both qualitative and quantitative perspectives,it is compared with three other MAS methods using the Roth-Erev(RE),Q-learning and EWA.The results show that the performance of the MAS method using IEWA is proved to be better than the others.The four MAS models using four RLAs are built for strategic bidding in electricity markets.Through running the four MAS models,the rationality and correctness of the four MAS methods are verified for strategic bidding in electricity markets using reinforcement learning.展开更多
Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing addit...Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing additive-induced defects,and alleviating residual stress and deformation,all of which are critical for enhancing the mechanical performance of the manufactured parts.Integrating interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)into WAAM significantly enhances the quality of deposited materials.However,numerical simulation research focusing on elucidating the associated thermomechanical coupling mechanisms remains insufficient.A comprehensive numerical model was developed to simulate the thermomechanical coupling behavior in friction stir-assisted WAAM.The influence of post-deposition FSP on the coupled thermomechanical response of the WAAM process was analyzed quantitatively.Moreover,the residual stress distribution and deformation behavior under both single-layer and multilayer deposition conditions were investigated.Thermal analysis of different deposition layers in WAAM and friction stir-assisted WAAM was conducted.Results show that subsequent layer deposition induces partial remelting of the previously solidified layer,whereas FSP does not cause such remelting.Furthermore,thermal stress and deformation analysis confirm that interlayer FSP effectively mitigates residual stresses and distortion in WAAM components,thereby improving their structural integrity and mechanical properties.展开更多
BACKGROUND Orthopaedic surgical education has traditionally depended on the apprenticeship model of“see one,do one,teach one”.However,reduced operative exposure,stricter work-hour regulations,medicolegal constraints...BACKGROUND Orthopaedic surgical education has traditionally depended on the apprenticeship model of“see one,do one,teach one”.However,reduced operative exposure,stricter work-hour regulations,medicolegal constraints,and patient safety concerns have constrained its practicality.Simulation-based training has become a reliable,safe,and cost-efficient alternative.Dry lab techniques,especially virtual and augmented reality,make up 78%of current dry lab research,whereas wet labs still set the standard for anatomical realism.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness,limitations,and future directions of wet and dry lab simulation in orthopaedic training.METHODS A scoping review was carried out across four databases-PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and EBSCOhost-up to 2025.Medical Subject Headings included:"Orthopaedic Education","Wet Lab","Dry Lab","Simulation Training","Virtual Reality",and"Surgical Procedure".Eligible studies focused on orthopaedic or spinal surgical education,employed wet or dry lab techniques,and assessed training effectiveness.Exclusion criteria consisted of non-English publications,abstracts only,non-orthopaedic research,and studies unrelated to simulation.Two reviewers independently screened titles,abstracts,and full texts,resolving discrepancies with a third reviewer.RESULTS From 1851 records,101 studies met inclusion:78 on dry labs,7 on wet labs,4 on both.Virtual reality(VR)simulations were most common,with AI increasingly used for feedback and assessment.Cadaveric training remains the gold standard for accuracy and tactile feedback,while dry labs-especially VR-offer scalability,lower cost(40%-60%savings in five studies),and accessibility for novices.Senior residents prefer wet labs for complex tasks;juniors favour dry labs for basics.Challenges include limited transferability data,lack of standard outcome metrics,and ethical concerns about cadaver use and AI assessment.CONCLUSION Wet and dry labs each have unique strengths in orthopaedic training.A hybrid approach combining both,supported by standardised assessments and outcome studies,is most effective.Future efforts should aim for uniform reporting,integrating new technologies,and policy support for hybrid curricula to enhance skills and patient care.展开更多
This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the pred...This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the prediction of the movement track and intensity of Typhoon Kompasu in 2021 is examined.Additionally,the possible reasons for their effects on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity prediction are analyzed.Statistical results show that both parameterization schemes improve the predictions of Typhoon Kompasu’s track and intensity.The influence on track prediction becomes evident after 60 h of model integration,while the significant positive impact on intensity prediction is observed after 66 h.Further analysis reveals that these two schemes affect the timing and magnitude of extreme TC intensity values by influencing the evolution of the TC’s warm-core structure.展开更多
Marine thin plates are susceptible to welding deformation owing to their low structural stiffness.Therefore,the efficient and accurate prediction of welding deformation is essential for improving welding quality.The t...Marine thin plates are susceptible to welding deformation owing to their low structural stiffness.Therefore,the efficient and accurate prediction of welding deformation is essential for improving welding quality.The traditional thermal elastic-plastic finite element method(TEP-FEM)can accurately predict welding deformation.However,its efficiency is low because of the complex nonlinear transient computation,making it difficult to meet the needs of rapid engineering evaluation.To address this challenge,this study proposes an efficient prediction method for welding deformation in marine thin plate butt welds.This method is based on the coupled temperature gradient-thermal strain method(TG-TSM)that integrates inherent strain theory with a shell element finite element model.The proposed method first extracts the distribution pattern and characteristic value of welding-induced inherent strain through TEP-FEM analysis.This strain is then converted into the equivalent thermal load applied to the shell element model for rapid computation.The proposed method-particularly,the gradual temperature gradient-thermal strain method(GTG-TSM)-achieved improved computational efficiency and consistent precision.Furthermore,the proposed method required much less computation time than the traditional TEP-FEM.Thus,this study lays the foundation for future prediction of welding deformation in more complex marine thin plates.展开更多
Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This st...Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This study evaluates the carbon footprint(CF)and economic viability of a liquefied natural gas(LNG)-fueled fishing vessel,using real engine operation simulations to provide precise and dynamic evaluation of fuel consumption and GHG emissions.Operational profiles are obtained through the utilization of onboard monitoring systems,whereas engine performance is simulated using the 1D/0D AVL Boost^(TM)model.Life cycle assessment(LCA)is conducted to quantify the environmental impact,whereas life cycle cost assessment(LCCA)is performed to analyze the profitability of LNG as an alternative fuel.The potential impact of the future fuel price uncertainties is addressed using Monte Carlo simulations.The LCA findings indicate that LNG has the potential to reduce the CF of the vessel by 14%to 16%,in comparison to a diesel power system configuration that serves as the baseline scenario.The LCCA results further indicate that the total cost of an LNG-powered ship is lower by 9.5%-13.8%,depending on the share of LNG and pilot fuels.This finding highlights the potential of LNG to produce considerable environmental benefits while addressing economic challenges under diverse operational and fuel price conditions.展开更多
Presents the robot soccer software simulation platform to be firstly used at FIRA Robot World Cup China 2001, introduces the system’s purpose and design plan; discusses the system core server configuration and workin...Presents the robot soccer software simulation platform to be firstly used at FIRA Robot World Cup China 2001, introduces the system’s purpose and design plan; discusses the system core server configuration and working principle; describes the operating method and how to develop competition strategy, and refers to the teams to take part in FIRA Robot World Cup China 2001 and investigators who are interested in the distributed multi agent system.展开更多
This paper proposes a prototype system for modeling and simulation of supply chains using a widely accepted agent platform Java agent development platform (JADE). A simple but practical coordination mechanism agent-ba...This paper proposes a prototype system for modeling and simulation of supply chains using a widely accepted agent platform Java agent development platform (JADE). A simple but practical coordination mechanism agent-based dynamic information network for supply chains (ADINS) is employed for the illustration of the suggested system and a simulation experiment is performed using a supply chain model of a Korean LCD manufacturing company. The result shows that the suggested mechanism is successful in reducing bullwhip effects and increasing service rates.展开更多
Regional cities in Japan are at the risk of experiencing big fire accidents or earthquakes every day.However,neither the number nor the capacity of shelters has increased because local governments might not consider t...Regional cities in Japan are at the risk of experiencing big fire accidents or earthquakes every day.However,neither the number nor the capacity of shelters has increased because local governments might not consider them owing to budget shortfall.By contrast,wide-area evacuation simulations can easily provide an antagonizing image of regional urban disasters.After a disaster,the city collapses and the evacuation routes are closed;consequently,evacuees feel anxious and they cannot move as usual.This anxiety behavior has not been considered in previous related studies and simulations.In this study,a wide-area evacuation simulation is developed;this model can not only calculate the possibility of blocking escape routes when the city is broken but also provide safe and more realistic evacuation plans before a disaster occurs by incorporating into the simulation the risk avoidance behaviors of evacuees from road blockage,such as“the route re-seeking behavior”and“the shelter re-selecting behavior”.展开更多
The quality of K-12 education has been a very big concern for years. Previous methods studied only one or two factors, such as school choice, or teacher quality, on school performance. Therefore the results they provi...The quality of K-12 education has been a very big concern for years. Previous methods studied only one or two factors, such as school choice, or teacher quality, on school performance. Therefore the results they provide can be limited. We propose a multi-agent approach to integrate multiple actors in a school system. These actors include teachers, students, supporting staffs and administrators. The interactions among these actors compose a hierarchical school social network. We first detect the hierarchical community structure in this school network by using an agglomerative hierarchical algorithm. Existing agglomerative hierarchical algorithms usually calculate similarity or dissimilarity between two clusters by using some measure of distance between pairs of observations. We, however, develop a method that calculates similarity based on social interactions between interactions is essential in multi-agent systems. Our algorithm is applied to 15 school districts in Bexar County, Texas, and it provides satisfying results on generating the hierarchical structure of all school districts. We then use the detected structure of the social network to evaluate the school system’s organization performance. We design and implement a funding evaluation model to decompose the funding policy task into subtasks and then evaluate these subtasks by using funding distribution policies from past years and looking for possible relationships between student performances and funding policies. Experiments in the 15 school districts in Bexar County show no significant correlation between student performance and the amount of the funding a school district received.展开更多
During this research we spot several key issues concerning WSN design process and how to introduce intelligence in the motes. Due to the nature of these networks, debugging after deployment is unrealistic, thus an eff...During this research we spot several key issues concerning WSN design process and how to introduce intelligence in the motes. Due to the nature of these networks, debugging after deployment is unrealistic, thus an efficient testing method is required. WSN simulators perform the task, but still code implementing mote sensing and RF behaviour consists of layered and/or interacting protocols that for the sake of designing accuracy are tested working as a whole, running on specific hardware. Simulators that provide cross layer simulation and hardware emulation options may be regarded as the last milestone of the WSN design process. Especially mechanisms for introducing intelligence into the WSN decision making process but in the simulation level is an important aspect not tackled so far in the literature at all. The herein proposed multi-agent simulation architecture aims at designing a novel WSN simulation system independent of specific hardware platforms but taking into account all hardware entities and events for testing and analysing the behaviour of a realistic WSN system. Moreover, the design herein outlined involves the basic mechanisms, with regards to memory and data management, towards Prolog interpreter implementation in the simulation level.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(7157105771390522)the Key Lab for Public Engineering Audit of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing Audit University(GGSS2016-08)
文摘Different from the organization structure of complex projects in Western countries, the Liang Zong hierarchical organization structure of complex projects in China has two different chains, the chief-engineer chain and the general-director chain,to handle the trade-off between technical and management decisions. However, previous works on organization search have mainly focused on the single-chain hierarchical organization in which all decisions are regarded as homogeneous. The heterogeneity and the interdependency between technical decisions and management decisions have been neglected. A two-chain hierarchical organization structure mapped from a real complex project is constructed. Then, a discrete decision model for a Liang Zong two-chain hierarchical organization in an NK model framework is proposed. This model proves that this kind of organization structure can reduce the search space by a large amount and that the search process should reach a final stable state more quickly. For a more complicated decision mechanism, a multi-agent simulation based on the above NK model is used to explore the effect of the two-chain organization structure on the speed, stability, and performance of the search process. The results provide three insights into how, compared with the single-chain hierarchical organization, the two-chain organization can improve the search process: it can reduce the number of iterations efficiently; the search is more stable because the search space is a smoother hill-like fitness landscape; in general, the search performance can be improved.However, when the organization structure is very complicated, the performance of a two-chain organization is inferior to that of a single-chain organization. These findings about the efficiency of the unique Chinese-style organization structure can be used to guide organization design for complex projects.
文摘In this study, we develop a mixed reality game system to investigate characteristics ofjudgrnents of individual players in an evacuation process. The characteristics of judgments of the players that are inferred from the performance of the game are then incorporated into a multi-agent simulation as rules. The behavior of evacuees is evaluated in approximations of real situations, by using the agent simulation including different judgments of evacuees. Using the results of the simulation, effective methods are discussed for achieving the escape of the evacuees within a short time.
文摘The prediction of the behavior of people in a disaster has a useful role to play in the design of urban structures such as department stores, schools, and office buildings. We focus on using emergency exit signs to effectively guide the evacuation of people on a floor with a dynamically changing layout. A multi-agent simulation is developed to simulate the behavior of evacuees on a floor. A mathematical model is constructed to obtain optimal sign locations to efficiently assist evacuation under the condition that obstacles are dynamically generated on the floor. The optimal sign locations are calculated by the mathematical model. Then, the developed simulation is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the emergency exit signs and the behavior of evacuees on simple layout models using the calculated optimal sign locations.
基金This work was financially supported by Russian Science Foundation with co-financing of Bank Saint Petersburg[Agreement#17-71-30029].
文摘When arranging the pedestrian infrastructure,one of the most important components that make a tangible contribution to the safety of pedestrians is to organize the safe road crossing.In cities,pedestrians often cross a road in the wrong place due to established routes or inadequate location of crosswalks.Accidents with the participation of pedestrians who crossed the road neglecting the traffic rules,make up a significant part of the total amount of road accidents.In this paper,we propose a method that allows us,on the basis of the results of a computer simulation of pedestrian traffic,to obtain predicted routes for road crossing and to indicate optimal locations for crosswalks that take into account established pedestrian routes and increase their safety.The work describes an extension for the existing AntRoadPlanner simulation algorithm,which searches for and clusters points where pedestrians cross the roadway and suggests locations for new crosswalks.This method was tested on the basis of a comparative simulation of several territories before and after its application,as well as on the basis of a field study of the territories.The developed algorithm can also be used to search for other potentially dangerous places for pedestrians on plans of districts,for example,crossings in places with limited visibility.
基金Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (2006ZA51004)
文摘With the aid of multi-agent based modeling approach to complex systems, the hierarchy simulation models of carrier-based aircraft catapult launch are developed. Ocean, carrier, aircraft, and atmosphere are treated as aggregation agents, the detailed components like catapult, landing gears, and disturbances are considered as meta-agents, which belong to their aggregation agent. Thus, the model with two layers is formed i.e. the aggregation agent layer and the meta-agent layer. The information communication among all agents is described. The meta-agents within one aggregation agent communicate with each other directly by information sharing, but the meta-agents, which belong to different aggregation agents exchange their information through the aggregation layer first, and then perceive it from the sharing environment, that is the aggregation agent. Thus, not only the hierarchy model is built, but also the environment perceived by each agent is specified. Meanwhile, the problem of balancing the independency of agent and the resource consumption brought by real-time communication within multi-agent system （MAS） is resolved. Each agent involved in carrier-based aircraft catapult launch is depicted, with considering the interaction within disturbed atmospheric environment and multiple motion bodies including carrier, aircraft, and landing gears. The models of reactive agents among them are derived based on tensors, and the perceived messages and inner frameworks of each agent are characterized. Finally, some results of a simulation instance are given. The simulation and modeling of dynamic system based on multi-agent system is of benefit to express physical concepts and logical hierarchy clearly and precisely. The system model can easily draw in kinds of other agents to achieve a precise simulation of more complex system. This modeling technique makes the complex integral dynamic equations of multibodies decompose into parallel operations of single agent, and it is convenient to expand, maintain, and reuse the program codes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0901104)。
文摘In this paper,a theoretical framework of Multiagent Simulation(MAS)is proposed for strategic bidding in electricity markets using reinforcement learning,which consists of two parts:one is a MAS system used to simulate the competitive bidding of the actual electricity market;the other is an adaptive learning strategy bidding system used to provide agents with more intelligent bidding strategies.An ExperienceWeighted Attraction(EWA)reinforcement learning algorithm(RLA)is applied to the MAS model and a new MAS method is presented for strategic bidding in electricity markets using a new Improved EWA(IEWA).From both qualitative and quantitative perspectives,it is compared with three other MAS methods using the Roth-Erev(RE),Q-learning and EWA.The results show that the performance of the MAS method using IEWA is proved to be better than the others.The four MAS models using four RLAs are built for strategic bidding in electricity markets.Through running the four MAS models,the rationality and correctness of the four MAS methods are verified for strategic bidding in electricity markets using reinforcement learning.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4600902)Shandong Provincial Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars(ZR2024YQ020)。
文摘Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing additive-induced defects,and alleviating residual stress and deformation,all of which are critical for enhancing the mechanical performance of the manufactured parts.Integrating interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)into WAAM significantly enhances the quality of deposited materials.However,numerical simulation research focusing on elucidating the associated thermomechanical coupling mechanisms remains insufficient.A comprehensive numerical model was developed to simulate the thermomechanical coupling behavior in friction stir-assisted WAAM.The influence of post-deposition FSP on the coupled thermomechanical response of the WAAM process was analyzed quantitatively.Moreover,the residual stress distribution and deformation behavior under both single-layer and multilayer deposition conditions were investigated.Thermal analysis of different deposition layers in WAAM and friction stir-assisted WAAM was conducted.Results show that subsequent layer deposition induces partial remelting of the previously solidified layer,whereas FSP does not cause such remelting.Furthermore,thermal stress and deformation analysis confirm that interlayer FSP effectively mitigates residual stresses and distortion in WAAM components,thereby improving their structural integrity and mechanical properties.
文摘BACKGROUND Orthopaedic surgical education has traditionally depended on the apprenticeship model of“see one,do one,teach one”.However,reduced operative exposure,stricter work-hour regulations,medicolegal constraints,and patient safety concerns have constrained its practicality.Simulation-based training has become a reliable,safe,and cost-efficient alternative.Dry lab techniques,especially virtual and augmented reality,make up 78%of current dry lab research,whereas wet labs still set the standard for anatomical realism.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness,limitations,and future directions of wet and dry lab simulation in orthopaedic training.METHODS A scoping review was carried out across four databases-PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and EBSCOhost-up to 2025.Medical Subject Headings included:"Orthopaedic Education","Wet Lab","Dry Lab","Simulation Training","Virtual Reality",and"Surgical Procedure".Eligible studies focused on orthopaedic or spinal surgical education,employed wet or dry lab techniques,and assessed training effectiveness.Exclusion criteria consisted of non-English publications,abstracts only,non-orthopaedic research,and studies unrelated to simulation.Two reviewers independently screened titles,abstracts,and full texts,resolving discrepancies with a third reviewer.RESULTS From 1851 records,101 studies met inclusion:78 on dry labs,7 on wet labs,4 on both.Virtual reality(VR)simulations were most common,with AI increasingly used for feedback and assessment.Cadaveric training remains the gold standard for accuracy and tactile feedback,while dry labs-especially VR-offer scalability,lower cost(40%-60%savings in five studies),and accessibility for novices.Senior residents prefer wet labs for complex tasks;juniors favour dry labs for basics.Challenges include limited transferability data,lack of standard outcome metrics,and ethical concerns about cadaver use and AI assessment.CONCLUSION Wet and dry labs each have unique strengths in orthopaedic training.A hybrid approach combining both,supported by standardised assessments and outcome studies,is most effective.Future efforts should aim for uniform reporting,integrating new technologies,and policy support for hybrid curricula to enhance skills and patient care.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2023YFC3008004]。
文摘This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the prediction of the movement track and intensity of Typhoon Kompasu in 2021 is examined.Additionally,the possible reasons for their effects on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity prediction are analyzed.Statistical results show that both parameterization schemes improve the predictions of Typhoon Kompasu’s track and intensity.The influence on track prediction becomes evident after 60 h of model integration,while the significant positive impact on intensity prediction is observed after 66 h.Further analysis reveals that these two schemes affect the timing and magnitude of extreme TC intensity values by influencing the evolution of the TC’s warm-core structure.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51975138the High-Tech Ship Scientific Research Project from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology under Grant No.CJ05N20the National Defense Basic Research Project under Grant No.JCKY2023604C006.
文摘Marine thin plates are susceptible to welding deformation owing to their low structural stiffness.Therefore,the efficient and accurate prediction of welding deformation is essential for improving welding quality.The traditional thermal elastic-plastic finite element method(TEP-FEM)can accurately predict welding deformation.However,its efficiency is low because of the complex nonlinear transient computation,making it difficult to meet the needs of rapid engineering evaluation.To address this challenge,this study proposes an efficient prediction method for welding deformation in marine thin plate butt welds.This method is based on the coupled temperature gradient-thermal strain method(TG-TSM)that integrates inherent strain theory with a shell element finite element model.The proposed method first extracts the distribution pattern and characteristic value of welding-induced inherent strain through TEP-FEM analysis.This strain is then converted into the equivalent thermal load applied to the shell element model for rapid computation.The proposed method-particularly,the gradual temperature gradient-thermal strain method(GTG-TSM)-achieved improved computational efficiency and consistent precision.Furthermore,the proposed method required much less computation time than the traditional TEP-FEM.Thus,this study lays the foundation for future prediction of welding deformation in more complex marine thin plates.
文摘Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This study evaluates the carbon footprint(CF)and economic viability of a liquefied natural gas(LNG)-fueled fishing vessel,using real engine operation simulations to provide precise and dynamic evaluation of fuel consumption and GHG emissions.Operational profiles are obtained through the utilization of onboard monitoring systems,whereas engine performance is simulated using the 1D/0D AVL Boost^(TM)model.Life cycle assessment(LCA)is conducted to quantify the environmental impact,whereas life cycle cost assessment(LCCA)is performed to analyze the profitability of LNG as an alternative fuel.The potential impact of the future fuel price uncertainties is addressed using Monte Carlo simulations.The LCA findings indicate that LNG has the potential to reduce the CF of the vessel by 14%to 16%,in comparison to a diesel power system configuration that serves as the baseline scenario.The LCCA results further indicate that the total cost of an LNG-powered ship is lower by 9.5%-13.8%,depending on the share of LNG and pilot fuels.This finding highlights the potential of LNG to produce considerable environmental benefits while addressing economic challenges under diverse operational and fuel price conditions.
文摘Presents the robot soccer software simulation platform to be firstly used at FIRA Robot World Cup China 2001, introduces the system’s purpose and design plan; discusses the system core server configuration and working principle; describes the operating method and how to develop competition strategy, and refers to the teams to take part in FIRA Robot World Cup China 2001 and investigators who are interested in the distributed multi agent system.
文摘This paper proposes a prototype system for modeling and simulation of supply chains using a widely accepted agent platform Java agent development platform (JADE). A simple but practical coordination mechanism agent-based dynamic information network for supply chains (ADINS) is employed for the illustration of the suggested system and a simulation experiment is performed using a supply chain model of a Korean LCD manufacturing company. The result shows that the suggested mechanism is successful in reducing bullwhip effects and increasing service rates.
文摘Regional cities in Japan are at the risk of experiencing big fire accidents or earthquakes every day.However,neither the number nor the capacity of shelters has increased because local governments might not consider them owing to budget shortfall.By contrast,wide-area evacuation simulations can easily provide an antagonizing image of regional urban disasters.After a disaster,the city collapses and the evacuation routes are closed;consequently,evacuees feel anxious and they cannot move as usual.This anxiety behavior has not been considered in previous related studies and simulations.In this study,a wide-area evacuation simulation is developed;this model can not only calculate the possibility of blocking escape routes when the city is broken but also provide safe and more realistic evacuation plans before a disaster occurs by incorporating into the simulation the risk avoidance behaviors of evacuees from road blockage,such as“the route re-seeking behavior”and“the shelter re-selecting behavior”.
文摘The quality of K-12 education has been a very big concern for years. Previous methods studied only one or two factors, such as school choice, or teacher quality, on school performance. Therefore the results they provide can be limited. We propose a multi-agent approach to integrate multiple actors in a school system. These actors include teachers, students, supporting staffs and administrators. The interactions among these actors compose a hierarchical school social network. We first detect the hierarchical community structure in this school network by using an agglomerative hierarchical algorithm. Existing agglomerative hierarchical algorithms usually calculate similarity or dissimilarity between two clusters by using some measure of distance between pairs of observations. We, however, develop a method that calculates similarity based on social interactions between interactions is essential in multi-agent systems. Our algorithm is applied to 15 school districts in Bexar County, Texas, and it provides satisfying results on generating the hierarchical structure of all school districts. We then use the detected structure of the social network to evaluate the school system’s organization performance. We design and implement a funding evaluation model to decompose the funding policy task into subtasks and then evaluate these subtasks by using funding distribution policies from past years and looking for possible relationships between student performances and funding policies. Experiments in the 15 school districts in Bexar County show no significant correlation between student performance and the amount of the funding a school district received.
文摘During this research we spot several key issues concerning WSN design process and how to introduce intelligence in the motes. Due to the nature of these networks, debugging after deployment is unrealistic, thus an efficient testing method is required. WSN simulators perform the task, but still code implementing mote sensing and RF behaviour consists of layered and/or interacting protocols that for the sake of designing accuracy are tested working as a whole, running on specific hardware. Simulators that provide cross layer simulation and hardware emulation options may be regarded as the last milestone of the WSN design process. Especially mechanisms for introducing intelligence into the WSN decision making process but in the simulation level is an important aspect not tackled so far in the literature at all. The herein proposed multi-agent simulation architecture aims at designing a novel WSN simulation system independent of specific hardware platforms but taking into account all hardware entities and events for testing and analysing the behaviour of a realistic WSN system. Moreover, the design herein outlined involves the basic mechanisms, with regards to memory and data management, towards Prolog interpreter implementation in the simulation level.
