Objective:The accuracy of colposcopy-guided biopsy is key to the success of colposcopic triage in cervical cancer screening programs.However,there is no widely adopted biopsy guideline up to date.Our study aimed to de...Objective:The accuracy of colposcopy-guided biopsy is key to the success of colposcopic triage in cervical cancer screening programs.However,there is no widely adopted biopsy guideline up to date.Our study aimed to determine whether multi-quadrants biopsy improves the yield of cervical lesions.Methods:Eleven population-based cervical cancer screening studies were conducted in China.Cytology,highrisk human papillomavirus(hrHPV)testing and visual inspection were performed for primary screening.Females positive on one or more tests were referred for colposcopy and biopsy.The proportion of detected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)2+and yields by quadrant lesion-targeted biopsy or 4-quadrant random biopsy were compared.Results:Among 4,923 females included,1,606 had quadrant lesion-targeted biopsy,and 3,317 had 4-quadrant random biopsy.The cumulative CIN2+yield increased from 0.10 for only one quadrant-targeted biopsy to 0.21,0.34,and 0.58 for at most two,three and four quadrants targeted biopsies.Among hrHPV positive females with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL)+cytology,the cumulative CIN2+yield of a second targeted biopsy in another quadrant was significantly increased(P<0.05).Among hrHPV-negative females,the yield of 4-quadrant random biopsies was 0.005,and the yield by lesion-targeted biopsies was 0.017.For hrHPV positive females who had 4-quadrant random biopsy,the additional CIN2+yield for HSIL+,low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL)cytology,or abnormal visual inspection via acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine(VIA/VILI)were 0.46,0.11,0.14.Conclusions:A 4-quadrant random biopsy is recommended only for hrHPV positive females with HSIL cytology,and is acceptable if hrHPV positive with LSIL cytology or with abnormal VIA/VILI.Our findings add evidences for an objective and practical biopsy standard to guide colposcopy in cervical cancer screening programs in low-and middle-income countries.展开更多
This paper uses multi-quadric equations interpolation to es-tablish a widely covered and valuablespeed field model of China, withwhich the horizontal crustal movementpatterns are obtained. The present-dayvertical crus...This paper uses multi-quadric equations interpolation to es-tablish a widely covered and valuablespeed field model of China, withwhich the horizontal crustal movementpatterns are obtained. The present-dayvertical crustal movement velocity im-age of China is also expressed by GPSobservations, from which we canknow the vertical crustal movementpatterns.展开更多
基金the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine(No.2016-I2M-1-019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81322040)。
文摘Objective:The accuracy of colposcopy-guided biopsy is key to the success of colposcopic triage in cervical cancer screening programs.However,there is no widely adopted biopsy guideline up to date.Our study aimed to determine whether multi-quadrants biopsy improves the yield of cervical lesions.Methods:Eleven population-based cervical cancer screening studies were conducted in China.Cytology,highrisk human papillomavirus(hrHPV)testing and visual inspection were performed for primary screening.Females positive on one or more tests were referred for colposcopy and biopsy.The proportion of detected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)2+and yields by quadrant lesion-targeted biopsy or 4-quadrant random biopsy were compared.Results:Among 4,923 females included,1,606 had quadrant lesion-targeted biopsy,and 3,317 had 4-quadrant random biopsy.The cumulative CIN2+yield increased from 0.10 for only one quadrant-targeted biopsy to 0.21,0.34,and 0.58 for at most two,three and four quadrants targeted biopsies.Among hrHPV positive females with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL)+cytology,the cumulative CIN2+yield of a second targeted biopsy in another quadrant was significantly increased(P<0.05).Among hrHPV-negative females,the yield of 4-quadrant random biopsies was 0.005,and the yield by lesion-targeted biopsies was 0.017.For hrHPV positive females who had 4-quadrant random biopsy,the additional CIN2+yield for HSIL+,low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL)cytology,or abnormal visual inspection via acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine(VIA/VILI)were 0.46,0.11,0.14.Conclusions:A 4-quadrant random biopsy is recommended only for hrHPV positive females with HSIL cytology,and is acceptable if hrHPV positive with LSIL cytology or with abnormal VIA/VILI.Our findings add evidences for an objective and practical biopsy standard to guide colposcopy in cervical cancer screening programs in low-and middle-income countries.
文摘为了抑制采样点中粗差对数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)建模的影响,以较高精度的多面函数(multi-quadric,MQ)为基函数,由改进Huber损失函数和权重惩罚项组成目标函数,发展了MQ抗差插值算法(MQ-H)。通过优化MQ-H目标函数,采样点权重计算最终转换为方程组求解。以数学曲面为研究对象,将MQ-H计算结果与传统MQ及最小绝对偏差MQ(MQ-L)进行比较,结果表明:当采样误差服从正态分布时,MQ-H计算精度与传统MQ相当,而远高于MQ-L;当采样误差服从拉普拉斯分布时,MQ-H计算精度略高于MQ-L及传统MQ;当采样点被粗差污染时,MQ-H计算精度远高于传统MQ及MQ-L。在实例分析中,以无人遥测飞艇立体像对获取的地面离散高程点为基础数据,基于MQ-H构建测区DEM,并将计算结果与传统插值算法,如反距离加权(inverse distance weighting,IDW)、普通克里金(ordinary Kriging,OK)和专业DEM插值软件ANUDEM(Australian National University DEM)进行比较,结果表明,传统插值方法在不同程度上受采样点中异常值或偶然误差影响,而MQ-H受异常值影响较小,且能准确捕捉到地形细节信息。
基金Project supported by the Open Research Fund Program of the Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, China (No.030408).
文摘This paper uses multi-quadric equations interpolation to es-tablish a widely covered and valuablespeed field model of China, withwhich the horizontal crustal movementpatterns are obtained. The present-dayvertical crustal movement velocity im-age of China is also expressed by GPSobservations, from which we canknow the vertical crustal movementpatterns.
