BACKGROUND Retrocecal appendicitis,the most common anatomical type,presents diagnostic and surgical challenges.Single-port laparoscopic appendectomy(SPLA)has been proposed as an alternative to multi-port laparoscopic ...BACKGROUND Retrocecal appendicitis,the most common anatomical type,presents diagnostic and surgical challenges.Single-port laparoscopic appendectomy(SPLA)has been proposed as an alternative to multi-port laparoscopic appendectomy(MPLA)with advancements in minimally invasive surgery.However,few studies have compared the perioperative outcomes between the SPLA and MPLA for retrocecal appendicitis.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety between the SPLA and MPLA in treating retrocecal appendicitis,focusing on perioperative outcomes.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed data from 1041 patients who underwent SPLA or MPLA at Konyang University Hospital between October 2011 and February 2023.Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to minimize selection bias,resulting in 235 patients in each group.Additionally,non-inferiority tests,post-hoc analysis,and multivariable regression analysis were performed to validate the results and assess factors affecting postoperative outcomes.RESULTS After PSM,SPLA showed shorter operation time(43.8±15.8 minutes vs 51.6±18.7 minutes;P<0.001)and lower estimated blood loss(EBL,6.5±7.8 mL vs 8.6±8.3 mL;P<0.001)than MPLA.No significant differences were observed in complications,pain scores,or length of hospital stay.SPLA was not inferior to MPLA in the main outcomes,except for the complication rate,where statistical power was insufficient.Multivariable regression confirmed SPLA as an independent factor for operation time and EBL.CONCLUSION SPLA is more feasible than MPLA for retrocecal appendicitis,offering advantages in operation time and estimated blood loss.This study supports SPLA as a viable alternative that enhances postoperative recovery.展开更多
Very high frequency(VHF) photocathode guns have excellent performance and are being increasingly selected as electron sources for high-repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers. As a highly loaded quality factor cavi...Very high frequency(VHF) photocathode guns have excellent performance and are being increasingly selected as electron sources for high-repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers. As a highly loaded quality factor cavity, the VHF gun requires high stability in the amplitude and phase of the cavity field. However, the gun is microwave powered by two solid-state power sources through two separate power couplers. The input difference between the two power couplers will influence the stability of the cavity field. To systematically study this influence and obtain measurement formulae, a multi-port VHF gun LCR circuit model is built and analyzed. During the warm-up condition, the cavity structure will be deformed due to the large-scale change in the cavity temperature. Then, the deformation will result in cavity resonant frequency changes. To prevent the mechanic tuner from suffering damages due to the frequent and long-distance movement for correcting the cavity resonant frequency, a self-excited loop(SEL) control system is considered for changing the loop phase and make the loop frequency follow the resonant frequency. In this study, a steady-state model of the VHF gun cavity is built for obtaining the optimal input coupler coefficient and the stability requirement of the forward voltage. Then, the generator-driven resonator and SEL control system, which combine with the VHF multiport modeling, are modeled and simulated. The simulated results show that the SEL system can perfectly operate in the process of condition and warm-up.展开更多
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery via the multi-port approach has become a primary surgical method for distal pancreatectomy(DP)due to its advantages of lower wound pain and superior cosmetic results.So...BACKGROUND Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery via the multi-port approach has become a primary surgical method for distal pancreatectomy(DP)due to its advantages of lower wound pain and superior cosmetic results.Some studies have applied reduced-port techniques for DP in an attempt to enhance cosmetic outcomes due to the minimally invasive effects.Numerous recent review studies have compared multi-port laparoscopic DP(LDP)and multi-port robotic DP(RDP);most of these studies concluded multi-port RDP is more beneficial than multi-port LDP for spleen preservation.However,there have been no comprehensive reviews of the value of reduced-port LDP and reduced-port RDP.AIM To search for and review the studies on spleen preservation and the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive DP that compared reduced-port DP surgery with multi-port DP surgery.METHODS The PubMed medical database was searched for articles published between 2013 and 2022.The search terms were implemented using the following Boolean search algorithm:(“distal pancreatectomy”OR“left pancreatectomy”OR“peripheral pancreatic resection”)AND(“reduced-port”OR“single-site”OR“single-port”OR“dual-incision”OR“single-incision”)AND(“spleen-preserving”OR“spleen preservation”OR“splenic preservation”).A literature review was conducted to identify studies that compared the perioperative outcomes of reduced-port LDP and reduced-port RDP.RESULTS Fifteen articles published in the period from 2013 to 2022 were retrieved using three groups of search terms.Two studies were added after manually searching the related papers.Finally,10 papers were selected after removing case reports(n=3),non-English language papers(n=1),technique papers(n=1),reviews(n=1),and animal studies(n=1).The common items were defined as items reported in more than five papers,and data on these common items were extracted from all papers.The ten studies included a total of 337 patients(females/males:231/106)who underwent DP.In total,166 patients(females/males,106/60)received multi-port LDP,126(females/males,90/36)received reduced-port LDP,and 45(females/males,35/10)received reduced-port RDP.CONCLUSION Reduced-port RDP leads to a lower intraoperative blood loss,a lower postoperative pancreatic fistula rate,and shorter hospital stay and follow-up duration,but has a lower spleen preservation rate.展开更多
A new simple method in which arbitrary transfer function matrix is realized withactive multiple port network instead of computer simulating is proposed. The active multipleport network is carried on through state feed...A new simple method in which arbitrary transfer function matrix is realized withactive multiple port network instead of computer simulating is proposed. The active multipleport network is carried on through state feedback and state cross output for RC ladder network.The main process is to determine coefficients of each adder. Finally, an example is given forillustration.展开更多
For Hall plates, the ratio of signal over thermal noise is determined by material properties, thickness, layout geometry, magnetic field, and the electric power at which the plate is operated. For traditional Hall pla...For Hall plates, the ratio of signal over thermal noise is determined by material properties, thickness, layout geometry, magnetic field, and the electric power at which the plate is operated. For traditional Hall plates with four contacts, the optimum choice is a symmetrical device with medium-sized contacts. This paper shows that the signal-to-noise-ratio (<em>SNR</em>) can be further increased by up to 90% for Hall plates with more than four contacts. Supply currents flow through several pairs of contacts, while a signal conditioning circuit taps output voltages at all pairs of contacts and sums them up. We compute the total thermal noise of the sum of correlated noise voltages and relate it to the total magnetic sensitivity. We also prove that for electrically linear devices a spinning current scheme cancels out zero point errors (offset errors) in a strict sense. All our investigations use the definite resistance matrix of multi-port Hall plates. We develop an analytical theory based on recent advances in the theory of Hall plates, and then we compute the integrals and matrices numerically for symmetrical Hall plates with six to 40 contacts. We also present measurements in accordance with our theory.展开更多
While modeling a power supply system for an electric railway traction, knowing equivalent circuits of locomotives supplied this way is an essential issue. In alternating current traction, it is important to diagnose i...While modeling a power supply system for an electric railway traction, knowing equivalent circuits of locomotives supplied this way is an essential issue. In alternating current traction, it is important to diagnose inter alia processes taking place in transformers installed on electric vehicles. This article presents specific phenomena occurring during the work of mono-phase, multi-winding, multisystem （systems AC： 50 Hz, 16.7 Hz） laboratory traction transformer. It also shows difficulties encountered during the process of identifying multi-port equivalent scheme＇s elements of the described device, in which a construction defect occurs.展开更多
In order to alleviate the endurance anxiety and charging anxiety in the development of electric vehicles, super fast charging and heat pump technologies will be applied to the next generation of vehicle platforms, but...In order to alleviate the endurance anxiety and charging anxiety in the development of electric vehicles, super fast charging and heat pump technologies will be applied to the next generation of vehicle platforms, but they also bring new challenges to the thermal management system. The functional requirements of thermal management systems are increasing, and the complexity of the system and the types and quantities of components are increasing rapidly. Integration has become a solution to simplify the system and reduce costs. The first thing to do is to integrate the physical and functional integration of multiple coolant valves, and integrate the switching of thermal management loop into one valve. Through mechanical integration with other actuators, sensors and heat exchangers in the coolant circuit and refrigeration circuit, the space utilization rate of thermal management system is improved, which provides convenience for the modular design of main engine models. In the future, it will complement the integration of electronic and electrical architecture to achieve a higher degree of drive, control and software integration.展开更多
This paper presents a potable renewable energy system. The portable renewable energy power unit is designed from a need. The need is for first response teams in remote natural disaster situations to have a reliable so...This paper presents a potable renewable energy system. The portable renewable energy power unit is designed from a need. The need is for first response teams in remote natural disaster situations to have a reliable source of energy to power a small vaccine refrigerator or water purification system and a basic satellite communication system. It is important that such a need is explored as a practical solution has the potential to save the lives of people in remote areas, who would otherwise suffer from a lack of humanitarian aid. Currently diesel generators are the primary source of electricity generation for disaster responders and in most situations work very well and provide a sufficient amount of electricity to meet the power needs. However, in remote areas road infrastructure is often damaged. In this type of situation getting a constant supply of diesel to the area is an expensive or impractical operation. This is where the portable renewable energy power unit bridges the gap and allows a more practical solution to be implemented. The specific aim of the work is to design a compact, stand-alone, product that can be easily transported by people across uneven terrain. It can generate power from wind, solar and hydro energy sources. In this work a new non-isolated multiport DC-DC converter topology for a hybrid energy system in low power applications is proposed. The new topology assimilates multiple renewable energy sources and power up multiple loads with different output levels. A complete Solid works model and FEA analysis, on required components, is completed. The scope of the work encompasses both the electrical and mechanical design of the system.展开更多
In recent decades,silicon photonics has attracted much attention in telecom and data-com areas.Constituted of high refractive-index contrast waveguides on silicon-on-insulator(SOI),a variety of integrated photonic pas...In recent decades,silicon photonics has attracted much attention in telecom and data-com areas.Constituted of high refractive-index contrast waveguides on silicon-on-insulator(SOI),a variety of integrated photonic passive and active devices have been implemented supported by excellent optical properties of silicon in the mid-infrared spectrum.The main advantage of the silicon photonics is the ability to use complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)process-compatible fabrication technologies,resulting in high-volume production at low cost.On the other hand,explosively growing traffic in the telecom,data center and high-performance computer demands the data flow to have high speed,wide bandwidth,low cost,and high energy-efficiency,as well as the photonics and electronics to be integrated for ultra-fast data transfer in networks.In practical applications,silicon photonics started with optical interconnect transceivers in the data-com first,and has been now extended to innovative applications such as multi-port optical switches in the telecom network node and integrated optical phased arrays(OPAs)in light detection and ranging(LiDAR).This paper overviews the progresses of silicon photonics from four points reflecting the recent advances mentioned above.CMOS-based silicon photonic platform technologies,applications to optical transceiver in the data-com network,applications to multi-port optical switches in the telecom network and applications to OPA in LiDAR system.展开更多
The power and voltage levels of renewable energy resources is growing with the evolution of the power electronics and switching module technologies.For that,the need for the development of a compact and highly efficie...The power and voltage levels of renewable energy resources is growing with the evolution of the power electronics and switching module technologies.For that,the need for the development of a compact and highly efficient solid-state transformer is becoming a critical task in-order to integrate the current AC grid with the new renewable energy systems.The objective of this paper is to present the design,implementation,and testing of a compact multi-port solid-state transformer for microgrid integration applications.The proposed system has a four-port transformer and four converters connected to the ports.The transformer has four windings integrated on a single common core.Thus,it can integrate different renewable energy resources and energy storage systems.Each port has a rated power of 25 kW,and the switching frequency is pushed to 50 k Hz.The ports are chosen to represent a realistic industrial microgrid model consisting of grid,energy storage system,photovoltaic system,and load.The grid port is designed to operate at 4.16 k VAC corresponding to 7.2 kV DC bus voltage,while the other three ports operate at 500 VDC.Moreover,the grid,energy storage and photovoltaic ports are active ports with dual active bridge topologies,while the load port is a passive port with full bridge rectifier one.The proposed design is first validated with simulation results,and then the proposed transformer is implemented and tested.Experimental results show that the designed system is suitable for 4.16 k VAC medium voltage grid integration.展开更多
This paper overviews the recent developments and various topologies of magnetically geared(MGd)machines.Particularly,current design trends and research hotspots of this kind of MGd machines are emphasized,with the aid...This paper overviews the recent developments and various topologies of magnetically geared(MGd)machines.Particularly,current design trends and research hotspots of this kind of MGd machines are emphasized,with the aid of statistic summary of the published papers.According to different evolutions from a magnetic gear(MG),four mainstreams of MGd machines are extracted and compared in terms of both mechanical complexity and electromagnetic performance.By virtue of their inherent features,such as high torque density and multi-power port,the feasibility of MGd machines for applications,where continuously variable transmission(CVT)and power split are demanded,is also described.展开更多
A new approach based on resonance technique and modified boundary ele-ment method is presented to calculate the impedance parameter matrix of a microwaveN-port network of waveguide structure.A two port network is take...A new approach based on resonance technique and modified boundary ele-ment method is presented to calculate the impedance parameter matrix of a microwaveN-port network of waveguide structure.A two port network is taken as a numerical ex-ample and the results show that the approach occupys the advantages of high accuracyand less computation effort.展开更多
Recent architectures of multi-core systems may have a relatively large number of cores that typically ranges from tens to hundreds;therefore called many-core systems.Such systems require an efficient interconnection n...Recent architectures of multi-core systems may have a relatively large number of cores that typically ranges from tens to hundreds;therefore called many-core systems.Such systems require an efficient interconnection network that tries to address two major problems.First,the overhead of power and area cost and its effect on scalability.Second,high access latency is caused by multiple cores’simultaneous accesses of the same shared module.This paper presents an interconnection scheme called N-conjugate Shuffle Clusters(NCSC)based on multi-core multicluster architecture to reduce the overhead of the just mentioned problems.NCSC eliminated the need for router devices and their complexity and hence reduced the power and area costs.It also resigned and distributed the shared caches across the interconnection network to increase the ability for simultaneous access and hence reduce the access latency.For intra-cluster communication,Multi-port Content Addressable Memory(MPCAM)is used.The experimental results using four clusters and four cores each indicated that the average access latency for a write process is 1.14785±0.04532 ns which is nearly equal to the latency of a write operation in MPCAM.Moreover,it was demonstrated that the average read latency within a cluster is 1.26226±0.090591 ns and around 1.92738±0.139588 ns for read access between cores from different clusters.展开更多
Unchecked breast cell growth is one of the leading causes of death in women globally and is the cause of breast cancer.The only method to avoid breast cancer-related deaths is through early detection and treatment.The...Unchecked breast cell growth is one of the leading causes of death in women globally and is the cause of breast cancer.The only method to avoid breast cancer-related deaths is through early detection and treatment.The proper classification of malignancies is one of the most significant challenges in the medical industry.Due to their high precision and accuracy,machine learning techniques are extensively employed for identifying and classifying various forms of cancer.Several data mining algorithms were studied and implemented by the author of this review and compared them to the present parameters and accuracy of various algorithms for breast cancer diagnosis such that clinicians might use them to accurately detect cancer cells early on.This article introduces several techniques,including support vector machine(SVM),K star(K∗)classifier,Additive Regression(AR),Back Propagation Neural Network(BP),and Bagging.These algorithms are trained using a set of data that contains tumor parameters from breast cancer patients.Comparing the results,the author found that Support Vector Machine and Bagging had the highest precision and accuracy,respectively.Also,assess the number of studies that provide machine learning techniques for breast cancer detection.展开更多
Multi-port converters are considered as exceeding earlier period decade owing to function in a combination of different energy sources in a single processing unit.Renewable energy sources are playing a significant rol...Multi-port converters are considered as exceeding earlier period decade owing to function in a combination of different energy sources in a single processing unit.Renewable energy sources are playing a significant role in the modern energy system with rapid development.In renewable sources like fuel combustion and solar energy,the generated voltages change due to their environmental changes.To develop energy resources,electric power generation involved huge awareness.The power and output voltages are plays important role in our work but it not considered in the existing system.For considering the power and voltage,Gaussian PI Controller-Maxpooling Deep Convolutional Neural Network Classifier(GPIC-MDCNNC)Model is introduced for the grid-connected renewable energy system.The input information is collected from two input sources.After that,input layer transfer information to hidden layer 1 fuzzy PI is employed for controlling voltage in GPIC-MDCNNC Model.Hidden layer 1 is transferred to hidden layer 2.Gaussian activation is employed for determining the output voltage with help of the controller.At last,the output layer offers the last value in GPIC-MDCNNC Model.The designed method was confirmed using one and multiple sources by stable and unpredictable input voltages.GPIC-MDCNNC Model increases the performance of grid-connected renewable energy systems by enhanced voltage value compared with state-of-the-art works.The control technique using GPIC-MDCNNC Model increases the dynamics of hybrid energy systems connected to the grid.展开更多
In this paper, the diluting effect of surface waves on a buoyant plume has been measured using a Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) technique. The resulting time-averaged, full field concentration maps have allowed quan...In this paper, the diluting effect of surface waves on a buoyant plume has been measured using a Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) technique. The resulting time-averaged, full field concentration maps have allowed quantification of enhanced mixing due to surface waves as well as measurement of other plume parameters.展开更多
If Hall plates are used as magnetic field sensors they are usually powered up by a current source connected to a pair of non-neighboring contacts. The output voltage is tapped at another pair of non-neighboring contac...If Hall plates are used as magnetic field sensors they are usually powered up by a current source connected to a pair of non-neighboring contacts. The output voltage is tapped at another pair of non-neighboring contacts. In this paper we study more general operating conditions of Hall plates with an arbitrary number of contacts. In such hybrid operating modes current sources are connected to a first set of contacts and voltage sources to a second set of contacts. Output voltages are tapped at the first set of contacts and output currents are measured at the second set of contacts. All these output signals are multiplied by coefficients and added up. The purpose of this work is to figure out which operating mode and which Hall plate achieve maximum signal at minimum thermal noise and power dissipation. To this end we develop a theory, which gives the ratio of signal over noise and power as a function of the resistance matrix of Hall plates, of the supply voltages and currents, and of the coefficients. Optimization is done analytically in closed form and numerically for specific examples. The results are: 1) all operating modes have identical noise performance if their parameters are optimized;2) for any Hall plate one can measure its resistance matrix and insert its values into our formulae to obtain the optimum supply currents and coefficients for optimum noise performance.展开更多
The voltage source converter based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system has attracted much attention because it can achieve the interconnection between AC grids.However,the initial phases and sho...The voltage source converter based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system has attracted much attention because it can achieve the interconnection between AC grids.However,the initial phases and short-circuit ratios(SCRs)of the interconnected AC grids cause the steady-state phases(SSPs)of AC ports in the VSC-MTDC system to be different.This can lead to the issues such as mismatches in multiple converter reference frame systems,potentially causing inaccuracies in stability analysis when this phenomenon is disregarded.To address the aforementioned issues,a multi-port network model of the VSC-MTDC system,which considers the SSPs of the AC grids and AC ports,is derived by multiplying the port models of different subsystems(SSs).The proposed multi-port network model can accurately describe the transmission characteristics between the input and output ports of the system.Additionally,this model facilitates accurate analysis of the system stability.Furthermore,it identifies the key factors affecting the system stability.Ultimately,the accuracy of the proposed multi-port network model and the analysis of key factors are verified by time-domain simulations.展开更多
In modern microprocessors, the multi-port register file is one of the key modules which provides fast and multiple data access for instructions. As the number of access ports in register files increases, stability bec...In modern microprocessors, the multi-port register file is one of the key modules which provides fast and multiple data access for instructions. As the number of access ports in register files increases, stability becomes a key issue due to the voltage fluctuation on bit lines. We propose to apply an isolated inverter to address the voltage fluctuation. To assess the register stability, we derive a closed-form expression of static noise margin （SNM） for our register file. The proposed SNM model can be used as a guideline to predict the impact of several register parameters on the stability and optimize register file designs. To validate the proposed SNM model, we fabricated a test chip of two-write-four-read （2W4R） 1024 bits register file in a TSMC 65 nm low-power CMOS technology. The experimental result shows that the stability of our register file cells with an isolated inverter improve the conventional cells by approximately 2.4 times. Also, the supply voltage causes a fluctuation of SNM of about 65%, while temperature and transistor mismatch cause a fluctuation of SNM of about 20%.展开更多
Optical comb filters based on multi-port fused fiber couplers are proposed and numerically analyzed, 3-arm MZI composed by 1×7 fiber splitter and 3×3 fiber coupler, and 2-stage cascaded FIR type MZI interlea...Optical comb filters based on multi-port fused fiber couplers are proposed and numerically analyzed, 3-arm MZI composed by 1×7 fiber splitter and 3×3 fiber coupler, and 2-stage cascaded FIR type MZI interleave filter.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Retrocecal appendicitis,the most common anatomical type,presents diagnostic and surgical challenges.Single-port laparoscopic appendectomy(SPLA)has been proposed as an alternative to multi-port laparoscopic appendectomy(MPLA)with advancements in minimally invasive surgery.However,few studies have compared the perioperative outcomes between the SPLA and MPLA for retrocecal appendicitis.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety between the SPLA and MPLA in treating retrocecal appendicitis,focusing on perioperative outcomes.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed data from 1041 patients who underwent SPLA or MPLA at Konyang University Hospital between October 2011 and February 2023.Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to minimize selection bias,resulting in 235 patients in each group.Additionally,non-inferiority tests,post-hoc analysis,and multivariable regression analysis were performed to validate the results and assess factors affecting postoperative outcomes.RESULTS After PSM,SPLA showed shorter operation time(43.8±15.8 minutes vs 51.6±18.7 minutes;P<0.001)and lower estimated blood loss(EBL,6.5±7.8 mL vs 8.6±8.3 mL;P<0.001)than MPLA.No significant differences were observed in complications,pain scores,or length of hospital stay.SPLA was not inferior to MPLA in the main outcomes,except for the complication rate,where statistical power was insufficient.Multivariable regression confirmed SPLA as an independent factor for operation time and EBL.CONCLUSION SPLA is more feasible than MPLA for retrocecal appendicitis,offering advantages in operation time and estimated blood loss.This study supports SPLA as a viable alternative that enhances postoperative recovery.
文摘Very high frequency(VHF) photocathode guns have excellent performance and are being increasingly selected as electron sources for high-repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers. As a highly loaded quality factor cavity, the VHF gun requires high stability in the amplitude and phase of the cavity field. However, the gun is microwave powered by two solid-state power sources through two separate power couplers. The input difference between the two power couplers will influence the stability of the cavity field. To systematically study this influence and obtain measurement formulae, a multi-port VHF gun LCR circuit model is built and analyzed. During the warm-up condition, the cavity structure will be deformed due to the large-scale change in the cavity temperature. Then, the deformation will result in cavity resonant frequency changes. To prevent the mechanic tuner from suffering damages due to the frequent and long-distance movement for correcting the cavity resonant frequency, a self-excited loop(SEL) control system is considered for changing the loop phase and make the loop frequency follow the resonant frequency. In this study, a steady-state model of the VHF gun cavity is built for obtaining the optimal input coupler coefficient and the stability requirement of the forward voltage. Then, the generator-driven resonator and SEL control system, which combine with the VHF multiport modeling, are modeled and simulated. The simulated results show that the SEL system can perfectly operate in the process of condition and warm-up.
基金Chung Shan Medical University,No.15I42440Feng Chia University/Chung Shan Medical University,No.FCU/CSMU104-001and Taiwan National Science and Technology Council,No.111-2314-B-035-001-MY3 and No.110-2221-E-035-016.
文摘BACKGROUND Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery via the multi-port approach has become a primary surgical method for distal pancreatectomy(DP)due to its advantages of lower wound pain and superior cosmetic results.Some studies have applied reduced-port techniques for DP in an attempt to enhance cosmetic outcomes due to the minimally invasive effects.Numerous recent review studies have compared multi-port laparoscopic DP(LDP)and multi-port robotic DP(RDP);most of these studies concluded multi-port RDP is more beneficial than multi-port LDP for spleen preservation.However,there have been no comprehensive reviews of the value of reduced-port LDP and reduced-port RDP.AIM To search for and review the studies on spleen preservation and the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive DP that compared reduced-port DP surgery with multi-port DP surgery.METHODS The PubMed medical database was searched for articles published between 2013 and 2022.The search terms were implemented using the following Boolean search algorithm:(“distal pancreatectomy”OR“left pancreatectomy”OR“peripheral pancreatic resection”)AND(“reduced-port”OR“single-site”OR“single-port”OR“dual-incision”OR“single-incision”)AND(“spleen-preserving”OR“spleen preservation”OR“splenic preservation”).A literature review was conducted to identify studies that compared the perioperative outcomes of reduced-port LDP and reduced-port RDP.RESULTS Fifteen articles published in the period from 2013 to 2022 were retrieved using three groups of search terms.Two studies were added after manually searching the related papers.Finally,10 papers were selected after removing case reports(n=3),non-English language papers(n=1),technique papers(n=1),reviews(n=1),and animal studies(n=1).The common items were defined as items reported in more than five papers,and data on these common items were extracted from all papers.The ten studies included a total of 337 patients(females/males:231/106)who underwent DP.In total,166 patients(females/males,106/60)received multi-port LDP,126(females/males,90/36)received reduced-port LDP,and 45(females/males,35/10)received reduced-port RDP.CONCLUSION Reduced-port RDP leads to a lower intraoperative blood loss,a lower postoperative pancreatic fistula rate,and shorter hospital stay and follow-up duration,but has a lower spleen preservation rate.
文摘A new simple method in which arbitrary transfer function matrix is realized withactive multiple port network instead of computer simulating is proposed. The active multipleport network is carried on through state feedback and state cross output for RC ladder network.The main process is to determine coefficients of each adder. Finally, an example is given forillustration.
文摘For Hall plates, the ratio of signal over thermal noise is determined by material properties, thickness, layout geometry, magnetic field, and the electric power at which the plate is operated. For traditional Hall plates with four contacts, the optimum choice is a symmetrical device with medium-sized contacts. This paper shows that the signal-to-noise-ratio (<em>SNR</em>) can be further increased by up to 90% for Hall plates with more than four contacts. Supply currents flow through several pairs of contacts, while a signal conditioning circuit taps output voltages at all pairs of contacts and sums them up. We compute the total thermal noise of the sum of correlated noise voltages and relate it to the total magnetic sensitivity. We also prove that for electrically linear devices a spinning current scheme cancels out zero point errors (offset errors) in a strict sense. All our investigations use the definite resistance matrix of multi-port Hall plates. We develop an analytical theory based on recent advances in the theory of Hall plates, and then we compute the integrals and matrices numerically for symmetrical Hall plates with six to 40 contacts. We also present measurements in accordance with our theory.
文摘While modeling a power supply system for an electric railway traction, knowing equivalent circuits of locomotives supplied this way is an essential issue. In alternating current traction, it is important to diagnose inter alia processes taking place in transformers installed on electric vehicles. This article presents specific phenomena occurring during the work of mono-phase, multi-winding, multisystem （systems AC： 50 Hz, 16.7 Hz） laboratory traction transformer. It also shows difficulties encountered during the process of identifying multi-port equivalent scheme＇s elements of the described device, in which a construction defect occurs.
文摘In order to alleviate the endurance anxiety and charging anxiety in the development of electric vehicles, super fast charging and heat pump technologies will be applied to the next generation of vehicle platforms, but they also bring new challenges to the thermal management system. The functional requirements of thermal management systems are increasing, and the complexity of the system and the types and quantities of components are increasing rapidly. Integration has become a solution to simplify the system and reduce costs. The first thing to do is to integrate the physical and functional integration of multiple coolant valves, and integrate the switching of thermal management loop into one valve. Through mechanical integration with other actuators, sensors and heat exchangers in the coolant circuit and refrigeration circuit, the space utilization rate of thermal management system is improved, which provides convenience for the modular design of main engine models. In the future, it will complement the integration of electronic and electrical architecture to achieve a higher degree of drive, control and software integration.
文摘This paper presents a potable renewable energy system. The portable renewable energy power unit is designed from a need. The need is for first response teams in remote natural disaster situations to have a reliable source of energy to power a small vaccine refrigerator or water purification system and a basic satellite communication system. It is important that such a need is explored as a practical solution has the potential to save the lives of people in remote areas, who would otherwise suffer from a lack of humanitarian aid. Currently diesel generators are the primary source of electricity generation for disaster responders and in most situations work very well and provide a sufficient amount of electricity to meet the power needs. However, in remote areas road infrastructure is often damaged. In this type of situation getting a constant supply of diesel to the area is an expensive or impractical operation. This is where the portable renewable energy power unit bridges the gap and allows a more practical solution to be implemented. The specific aim of the work is to design a compact, stand-alone, product that can be easily transported by people across uneven terrain. It can generate power from wind, solar and hydro energy sources. In this work a new non-isolated multiport DC-DC converter topology for a hybrid energy system in low power applications is proposed. The new topology assimilates multiple renewable energy sources and power up multiple loads with different output levels. A complete Solid works model and FEA analysis, on required components, is completed. The scope of the work encompasses both the electrical and mechanical design of the system.
文摘In recent decades,silicon photonics has attracted much attention in telecom and data-com areas.Constituted of high refractive-index contrast waveguides on silicon-on-insulator(SOI),a variety of integrated photonic passive and active devices have been implemented supported by excellent optical properties of silicon in the mid-infrared spectrum.The main advantage of the silicon photonics is the ability to use complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)process-compatible fabrication technologies,resulting in high-volume production at low cost.On the other hand,explosively growing traffic in the telecom,data center and high-performance computer demands the data flow to have high speed,wide bandwidth,low cost,and high energy-efficiency,as well as the photonics and electronics to be integrated for ultra-fast data transfer in networks.In practical applications,silicon photonics started with optical interconnect transceivers in the data-com first,and has been now extended to innovative applications such as multi-port optical switches in the telecom network node and integrated optical phased arrays(OPAs)in light detection and ranging(LiDAR).This paper overviews the progresses of silicon photonics from four points reflecting the recent advances mentioned above.CMOS-based silicon photonic platform technologies,applications to optical transceiver in the data-com network,applications to multi-port optical switches in the telecom network and applications to OPA in LiDAR system.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.1650470,GRAPES I/UCRC program。
文摘The power and voltage levels of renewable energy resources is growing with the evolution of the power electronics and switching module technologies.For that,the need for the development of a compact and highly efficient solid-state transformer is becoming a critical task in-order to integrate the current AC grid with the new renewable energy systems.The objective of this paper is to present the design,implementation,and testing of a compact multi-port solid-state transformer for microgrid integration applications.The proposed system has a four-port transformer and four converters connected to the ports.The transformer has four windings integrated on a single common core.Thus,it can integrate different renewable energy resources and energy storage systems.Each port has a rated power of 25 kW,and the switching frequency is pushed to 50 k Hz.The ports are chosen to represent a realistic industrial microgrid model consisting of grid,energy storage system,photovoltaic system,and load.The grid port is designed to operate at 4.16 k VAC corresponding to 7.2 kV DC bus voltage,while the other three ports operate at 500 VDC.Moreover,the grid,energy storage and photovoltaic ports are active ports with dual active bridge topologies,while the load port is a passive port with full bridge rectifier one.The proposed design is first validated with simulation results,and then the proposed transformer is implemented and tested.Experimental results show that the designed system is suitable for 4.16 k VAC medium voltage grid integration.
文摘This paper overviews the recent developments and various topologies of magnetically geared(MGd)machines.Particularly,current design trends and research hotspots of this kind of MGd machines are emphasized,with the aid of statistic summary of the published papers.According to different evolutions from a magnetic gear(MG),four mainstreams of MGd machines are extracted and compared in terms of both mechanical complexity and electromagnetic performance.By virtue of their inherent features,such as high torque density and multi-power port,the feasibility of MGd machines for applications,where continuously variable transmission(CVT)and power split are demanded,is also described.
文摘A new approach based on resonance technique and modified boundary ele-ment method is presented to calculate the impedance parameter matrix of a microwaveN-port network of waveguide structure.A two port network is taken as a numerical ex-ample and the results show that the approach occupys the advantages of high accuracyand less computation effort.
文摘Recent architectures of multi-core systems may have a relatively large number of cores that typically ranges from tens to hundreds;therefore called many-core systems.Such systems require an efficient interconnection network that tries to address two major problems.First,the overhead of power and area cost and its effect on scalability.Second,high access latency is caused by multiple cores’simultaneous accesses of the same shared module.This paper presents an interconnection scheme called N-conjugate Shuffle Clusters(NCSC)based on multi-core multicluster architecture to reduce the overhead of the just mentioned problems.NCSC eliminated the need for router devices and their complexity and hence reduced the power and area costs.It also resigned and distributed the shared caches across the interconnection network to increase the ability for simultaneous access and hence reduce the access latency.For intra-cluster communication,Multi-port Content Addressable Memory(MPCAM)is used.The experimental results using four clusters and four cores each indicated that the average access latency for a write process is 1.14785±0.04532 ns which is nearly equal to the latency of a write operation in MPCAM.Moreover,it was demonstrated that the average read latency within a cluster is 1.26226±0.090591 ns and around 1.92738±0.139588 ns for read access between cores from different clusters.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through the General Research Project under Grant Number(RGP2/230/44).
文摘Unchecked breast cell growth is one of the leading causes of death in women globally and is the cause of breast cancer.The only method to avoid breast cancer-related deaths is through early detection and treatment.The proper classification of malignancies is one of the most significant challenges in the medical industry.Due to their high precision and accuracy,machine learning techniques are extensively employed for identifying and classifying various forms of cancer.Several data mining algorithms were studied and implemented by the author of this review and compared them to the present parameters and accuracy of various algorithms for breast cancer diagnosis such that clinicians might use them to accurately detect cancer cells early on.This article introduces several techniques,including support vector machine(SVM),K star(K∗)classifier,Additive Regression(AR),Back Propagation Neural Network(BP),and Bagging.These algorithms are trained using a set of data that contains tumor parameters from breast cancer patients.Comparing the results,the author found that Support Vector Machine and Bagging had the highest precision and accuracy,respectively.Also,assess the number of studies that provide machine learning techniques for breast cancer detection.
文摘Multi-port converters are considered as exceeding earlier period decade owing to function in a combination of different energy sources in a single processing unit.Renewable energy sources are playing a significant role in the modern energy system with rapid development.In renewable sources like fuel combustion and solar energy,the generated voltages change due to their environmental changes.To develop energy resources,electric power generation involved huge awareness.The power and output voltages are plays important role in our work but it not considered in the existing system.For considering the power and voltage,Gaussian PI Controller-Maxpooling Deep Convolutional Neural Network Classifier(GPIC-MDCNNC)Model is introduced for the grid-connected renewable energy system.The input information is collected from two input sources.After that,input layer transfer information to hidden layer 1 fuzzy PI is employed for controlling voltage in GPIC-MDCNNC Model.Hidden layer 1 is transferred to hidden layer 2.Gaussian activation is employed for determining the output voltage with help of the controller.At last,the output layer offers the last value in GPIC-MDCNNC Model.The designed method was confirmed using one and multiple sources by stable and unpredictable input voltages.GPIC-MDCNNC Model increases the performance of grid-connected renewable energy systems by enhanced voltage value compared with state-of-the-art works.The control technique using GPIC-MDCNNC Model increases the dynamics of hybrid energy systems connected to the grid.
文摘In this paper, the diluting effect of surface waves on a buoyant plume has been measured using a Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) technique. The resulting time-averaged, full field concentration maps have allowed quantification of enhanced mixing due to surface waves as well as measurement of other plume parameters.
文摘If Hall plates are used as magnetic field sensors they are usually powered up by a current source connected to a pair of non-neighboring contacts. The output voltage is tapped at another pair of non-neighboring contacts. In this paper we study more general operating conditions of Hall plates with an arbitrary number of contacts. In such hybrid operating modes current sources are connected to a first set of contacts and voltage sources to a second set of contacts. Output voltages are tapped at the first set of contacts and output currents are measured at the second set of contacts. All these output signals are multiplied by coefficients and added up. The purpose of this work is to figure out which operating mode and which Hall plate achieve maximum signal at minimum thermal noise and power dissipation. To this end we develop a theory, which gives the ratio of signal over noise and power as a function of the resistance matrix of Hall plates, of the supply voltages and currents, and of the coefficients. Optimization is done analytically in closed form and numerically for specific examples. The results are: 1) all operating modes have identical noise performance if their parameters are optimized;2) for any Hall plate one can measure its resistance matrix and insert its values into our formulae to obtain the optimum supply currents and coefficients for optimum noise performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Key Foundation of China(No.51937001)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023CDJXY-029)。
文摘The voltage source converter based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system has attracted much attention because it can achieve the interconnection between AC grids.However,the initial phases and short-circuit ratios(SCRs)of the interconnected AC grids cause the steady-state phases(SSPs)of AC ports in the VSC-MTDC system to be different.This can lead to the issues such as mismatches in multiple converter reference frame systems,potentially causing inaccuracies in stability analysis when this phenomenon is disregarded.To address the aforementioned issues,a multi-port network model of the VSC-MTDC system,which considers the SSPs of the AC grids and AC ports,is derived by multiplying the port models of different subsystems(SSs).The proposed multi-port network model can accurately describe the transmission characteristics between the input and output ports of the system.Additionally,this model facilitates accurate analysis of the system stability.Furthermore,it identifies the key factors affecting the system stability.Ultimately,the accuracy of the proposed multi-port network model and the analysis of key factors are verified by time-domain simulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos,61404076,61474068)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ14F040001)+3 种基金the S&T Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.2015C31010)the China Spark Program(No.2015GA701053)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2014A610148,2015A610107)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University,China
文摘In modern microprocessors, the multi-port register file is one of the key modules which provides fast and multiple data access for instructions. As the number of access ports in register files increases, stability becomes a key issue due to the voltage fluctuation on bit lines. We propose to apply an isolated inverter to address the voltage fluctuation. To assess the register stability, we derive a closed-form expression of static noise margin （SNM） for our register file. The proposed SNM model can be used as a guideline to predict the impact of several register parameters on the stability and optimize register file designs. To validate the proposed SNM model, we fabricated a test chip of two-write-four-read （2W4R） 1024 bits register file in a TSMC 65 nm low-power CMOS technology. The experimental result shows that the stability of our register file cells with an isolated inverter improve the conventional cells by approximately 2.4 times. Also, the supply voltage causes a fluctuation of SNM of about 65%, while temperature and transistor mismatch cause a fluctuation of SNM of about 20%.
文摘Optical comb filters based on multi-port fused fiber couplers are proposed and numerically analyzed, 3-arm MZI composed by 1×7 fiber splitter and 3×3 fiber coupler, and 2-stage cascaded FIR type MZI interleave filter.
