As antennas are inherently included recommended in Over-The-Air (OTA) testing, it is important to also consider realistic channel models for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) device performance evaluation. Thi...As antennas are inherently included recommended in Over-The-Air (OTA) testing, it is important to also consider realistic channel models for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) device performance evaluation. This paper aims to emulate realistic multi-Path propagation channels in terms of angles of arrivals (AoA) and cross-polarization ratio (XPR) with Rayleigh fading, inside an anechoic chamber, for antenna diversity measurements. In this purpose, a practical multi-probe anechoic chamber measurement system (MPAC) with 24 probe antennas (SATIMO SG24) has been used. However, the actual configuration of this system is not able to reproduce realistic channels. Therefore, a new method based on the control of the SG24 probes has been developed. At first time, this method has been validated numerically through the comparison of simulated and analytical AoA probability density distributions. At the second time, the performance of an antenna diversity system inside the SG24 has been performed in terms of the correlation coefficient and diversity gain (DG) using an antenna reference system. Simulated and measurements results have shown a good agreement.展开更多
With the rapid development and commercialization of wireless communications,the execution of OTA testing requires a tremendous amount of test time.Therefore,test time reduction is of great significance.The objective o...With the rapid development and commercialization of wireless communications,the execution of OTA testing requires a tremendous amount of test time.Therefore,test time reduction is of great significance.The objective of this article is to determine optimal measurement grids for SISO OTA testing of 5G Sub-6 GHz user equipments(UEs)in anechoic chamber with satisfactory accuracy and efficiency.The effect of different grid configurations on OTA performance is analyzed quantitatively using reference radiation patterns at different bands.These patterns are utilized to mimic the worst-case radiation patterns of 5G Sub-6 GHz UEs.Subsequently,the associated measurement uncertainty(MU)terms are quantitatively analyzed and determined based on statistical analysis.According to the comparison of calculated MUs,reduction of grid points from currentlyrequired 62(30/30,Δθ/Δϕ)to 26(45/45)could achieve roughly 60%test time reduction for Sub-6 GHz,while still maintaining an uncertainty level of≤0.25 dB.These values can be further reduced to 14(60/60)with 80%reduction for Sub-3 GHz.More importantly,the recommended grid configurations in this research are applicable to both TIS and TRP testing.展开更多
For 5G millimeter wave(mm-Wave)user equipments(UEs),all test cases must be evaluated in Over-The-Air(OTA)manner.Test time increases dramatically compared to Sub-6 GHz.Therefore,test time reduction is of great signific...For 5G millimeter wave(mm-Wave)user equipments(UEs),all test cases must be evaluated in Over-The-Air(OTA)manner.Test time increases dramatically compared to Sub-6 GHz.Therefore,test time reduction is of great significance for 5G mm-Wave OTA testing.Among all test cases,beam peak search is the most time-consuming,taking up the majority of the overall test time.Therefore,the objective of this work is to determine a suitable beam peak search grid for 5G mm-Wave UEs with satisfactory accuracy and efficiency.Through radiation property investigation of 5G mm-Wave commercial UEs,more reasonable reference array configuration(4×2)and reference deployment scenario(composite beam)are proposed for beam peak search grid analysis.The effect of different grid configurations on beam peak search precision are characterized quantitatively.The determination of associated measurement uncertainty(MU)term along with quantitative analysis approach are proposed based on statistical analysis.Finally,the recommended minimum number of beam peak search grid points is 182 based on the proposed 4×2 array under composite beam scenario.Compared with currently-required 1106 points in 3GPP/CTIA specifications,over 80%reduction can be achieved without increasing the MU limit.The feasibility of the proposed MU analysis as well as the recommended grids is demonstrated through measurements.展开更多
针对第五代移动通信(5G)技术发展的趋势,分析了5G的发展为测试系统带来的新需求和挑战。针对挑战,提出了可持续发展的测试生态系统的概念,从软件和硬件两个方面具体探讨了"以软件为核心"和"以大规模多输入多输出空口(MIM...针对第五代移动通信(5G)技术发展的趋势,分析了5G的发展为测试系统带来的新需求和挑战。针对挑战,提出了可持续发展的测试生态系统的概念,从软件和硬件两个方面具体探讨了"以软件为核心"和"以大规模多输入多输出空口(MIMO OTA)为基础"两大特征。在以软件为核心测试方式部分详细探讨了基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的知识产权部署到测试管脚(IP to the PIN)和支持并行测试和海量信号处理的异质计算两项技术。展开更多
Multi-path(or multi-mode)entanglement has been proved to be a useful resource for sub-shot-noise sensitivity of phase estimation,which has aroused much research interest in quantum metrology recently.Various schemes o...Multi-path(or multi-mode)entanglement has been proved to be a useful resource for sub-shot-noise sensitivity of phase estimation,which has aroused much research interest in quantum metrology recently.Various schemes of multi-path interferometers based on optical systems have been put forward.Here,we study a multi-state interferometer with multilevel atoms by projective measurements.Specifically,we investigate its ultimate sensitivity described by quantum Fisher information theory and find that the Cramer-Rao bound can be achieved.In particular,we investigate a specific scheme to improve the sensitivity of magnetometery with a three-state interferometry delivered by a single nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center of diamond with tailor pulses.The impacts of imperfections of the atomic beam-splitter,described by the three-level quantum Fourier transform,on the sensitivity of phase estimation is also discussed.展开更多
With the ever-growing requirement for higher data rates, terminals supporting multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies are being developed for next-generation. As for wireless device manufacturers, a radio p...With the ever-growing requirement for higher data rates, terminals supporting multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies are being developed for next-generation. As for wireless device manufacturers, a radio performance evaluation of multi-antenna terminals in desired environments is mandatory before product release. This paper discusses the Over the Air (OTA) performance evaluation of antenna diversity systems in Indoor and Outdoor multi-path propagation channel models inside anechoic chamber, in terms of correlation coefficients and diversity gain (DG). These channel models have been emulated in terms of angles of arrivals (AoA) and cross-polarization ratio (XPR) with Rayleigh fading. For this purpose, SATIMO SG24 measurement system has been used. However, the actual configuration of this system is not able to emulate desired realistic environments. Therefore, an innovative methodology based on the SG24 probes control has been developed. The obtained results in simulations and measurements have shown a good agreement.展开更多
文摘As antennas are inherently included recommended in Over-The-Air (OTA) testing, it is important to also consider realistic channel models for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) device performance evaluation. This paper aims to emulate realistic multi-Path propagation channels in terms of angles of arrivals (AoA) and cross-polarization ratio (XPR) with Rayleigh fading, inside an anechoic chamber, for antenna diversity measurements. In this purpose, a practical multi-probe anechoic chamber measurement system (MPAC) with 24 probe antennas (SATIMO SG24) has been used. However, the actual configuration of this system is not able to reproduce realistic channels. Therefore, a new method based on the control of the SG24 probes has been developed. At first time, this method has been validated numerically through the comparison of simulated and analytical AoA probability density distributions. At the second time, the performance of an antenna diversity system inside the SG24 has been performed in terms of the correlation coefficient and diversity gain (DG) using an antenna reference system. Simulated and measurements results have shown a good agreement.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant L253002.
文摘With the rapid development and commercialization of wireless communications,the execution of OTA testing requires a tremendous amount of test time.Therefore,test time reduction is of great significance.The objective of this article is to determine optimal measurement grids for SISO OTA testing of 5G Sub-6 GHz user equipments(UEs)in anechoic chamber with satisfactory accuracy and efficiency.The effect of different grid configurations on OTA performance is analyzed quantitatively using reference radiation patterns at different bands.These patterns are utilized to mimic the worst-case radiation patterns of 5G Sub-6 GHz UEs.Subsequently,the associated measurement uncertainty(MU)terms are quantitatively analyzed and determined based on statistical analysis.According to the comparison of calculated MUs,reduction of grid points from currentlyrequired 62(30/30,Δθ/Δϕ)to 26(45/45)could achieve roughly 60%test time reduction for Sub-6 GHz,while still maintaining an uncertainty level of≤0.25 dB.These values can be further reduced to 14(60/60)with 80%reduction for Sub-3 GHz.More importantly,the recommended grid configurations in this research are applicable to both TIS and TRP testing.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant L253002.
文摘For 5G millimeter wave(mm-Wave)user equipments(UEs),all test cases must be evaluated in Over-The-Air(OTA)manner.Test time increases dramatically compared to Sub-6 GHz.Therefore,test time reduction is of great significance for 5G mm-Wave OTA testing.Among all test cases,beam peak search is the most time-consuming,taking up the majority of the overall test time.Therefore,the objective of this work is to determine a suitable beam peak search grid for 5G mm-Wave UEs with satisfactory accuracy and efficiency.Through radiation property investigation of 5G mm-Wave commercial UEs,more reasonable reference array configuration(4×2)and reference deployment scenario(composite beam)are proposed for beam peak search grid analysis.The effect of different grid configurations on beam peak search precision are characterized quantitatively.The determination of associated measurement uncertainty(MU)term along with quantitative analysis approach are proposed based on statistical analysis.Finally,the recommended minimum number of beam peak search grid points is 182 based on the proposed 4×2 array under composite beam scenario.Compared with currently-required 1106 points in 3GPP/CTIA specifications,over 80%reduction can be achieved without increasing the MU limit.The feasibility of the proposed MU analysis as well as the recommended grids is demonstrated through measurements.
文摘针对第五代移动通信(5G)技术发展的趋势,分析了5G的发展为测试系统带来的新需求和挑战。针对挑战,提出了可持续发展的测试生态系统的概念,从软件和硬件两个方面具体探讨了"以软件为核心"和"以大规模多输入多输出空口(MIMO OTA)为基础"两大特征。在以软件为核心测试方式部分详细探讨了基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的知识产权部署到测试管脚(IP to the PIN)和支持并行测试和海量信号处理的异质计算两项技术。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11974290)。
文摘Multi-path(or multi-mode)entanglement has been proved to be a useful resource for sub-shot-noise sensitivity of phase estimation,which has aroused much research interest in quantum metrology recently.Various schemes of multi-path interferometers based on optical systems have been put forward.Here,we study a multi-state interferometer with multilevel atoms by projective measurements.Specifically,we investigate its ultimate sensitivity described by quantum Fisher information theory and find that the Cramer-Rao bound can be achieved.In particular,we investigate a specific scheme to improve the sensitivity of magnetometery with a three-state interferometry delivered by a single nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center of diamond with tailor pulses.The impacts of imperfections of the atomic beam-splitter,described by the three-level quantum Fourier transform,on the sensitivity of phase estimation is also discussed.
文摘With the ever-growing requirement for higher data rates, terminals supporting multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies are being developed for next-generation. As for wireless device manufacturers, a radio performance evaluation of multi-antenna terminals in desired environments is mandatory before product release. This paper discusses the Over the Air (OTA) performance evaluation of antenna diversity systems in Indoor and Outdoor multi-path propagation channel models inside anechoic chamber, in terms of correlation coefficients and diversity gain (DG). These channel models have been emulated in terms of angles of arrivals (AoA) and cross-polarization ratio (XPR) with Rayleigh fading. For this purpose, SATIMO SG24 measurement system has been used. However, the actual configuration of this system is not able to emulate desired realistic environments. Therefore, an innovative methodology based on the SG24 probes control has been developed. The obtained results in simulations and measurements have shown a good agreement.
