The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical m...The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical model height.The Taguchi method was employed to establish the correlations between process parameter combinations and multi-objective characterization of metal deposition morphology(height error and roughness).Results show that using the signal-to-noise ratio and grey relational analysis,the optimal parameter combination for multi-layer and multi-pass deposition is determined as follows:laser power of 800 W,powder feeding rate of 0.3 r/min,step distance of 1.6 mm,and scanning speed of 20 mm/s.Subsequently,a Genetic Bayesian-back propagation(GB-BP)network is constructed to predict multi-objective responses.Compared with the traditional back propagation network,the GB-back propagation network improves the prediction accuracy of height error and surface roughness by 43.14%and 71.43%,respectively.This network can accurately predict the multi-objective characterization of morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal deposited parts.展开更多
Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming pr...Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures,complex operations,and delayed results.Colorimetric analysis techniques have gained attention in recent years due to their advantages of short analysis time,simple operation,and suitability for on-site testing.This study successfully developed a series of colorimetric sensor platforms for biogenic amines by loading the natural active ingredient curcumin(CUR)and its derivative of Boron complex BFCUR onto filter paper and electrospun nanofibre films(ENFs),respectively.By analyzing the color response differences of these sensors upon contact with biogenic amines,the colorimetric sensors with superior detection performance were selected and further applied to the visual monitoring and indication of shrimp spoilage processes.展开更多
Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexib...Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexible fiber sensors.Through the preform-tofiber manufacturing technique,a variety of fiber sensors with complex functionalities spanning from the nanoscale to kilometer scale can be automated in a short time.Examples include temperature,acoustic,mechanical,chemical,biological,optoelectronic,and multifunctional sensors,which operate on diverse sensing principles such as resistance,capacitance,piezoelectricity,triboelectricity,photoelectricity,and thermoelectricity.This review outlines the principles of the thermal drawing process and provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in various thermally drawn fiber sensors.Finally,the future developments of thermally drawn fiber sensors are discussed.展开更多
The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recogni...The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recognized to be limited at data boundaries and high frequencies,which can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a novel method synergistically integrating Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with SG filtering is proposed in this paper.This approach avoids the is-sue of excessive smoothing associated with larger window sizes.The proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm was applied to a CO gas sensing system based on Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy(CRDS).The perform-ance of the PCA-SG filtering algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with Moving Average Filtering(MAF),Wavelet Transformation(WT),Kalman Filtering(KF),and the SG filter.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior noise reduction capabilities compared to the other algorithms evaluated.The SNR of the ring-down signal was improved from 11.8612 dB to 29.0913 dB,and the stand-ard deviation of the extracted ring-down time constant was reduced from 0.037μs to 0.018μs.These results confirm that the proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm effectively improves the smoothness of the ring-down curve data,demonstrating its feasibility.展开更多
Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations...Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.展开更多
Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,...Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility,adhesion,self-healing,and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics.Herein,we report a multifunctional,anti-freezing,selfadhesive,and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(CoN CNT)embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin(PVA/GLE)matrix.Fabricated using a binary solvent system of water and ethylene glycol(EG),the CoN CNT/PVA/GLE organogel exhibits excellent flexibility,biocompatibility,and temperature tolerance with remarkable environmental stability.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms near-stable performance across a broad humidity range(40%-95%RH).Freeze-tolerant conductivity under sub-zero conditions(-20℃)is attributed to the synergistic role of CoN CNT and EG,preserving mobility and network integrity.The Co N CNT/PVA/GLE organogel sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 5.75 k Pa^(-1)in the detection range from 0 to 20 k Pa,ideal for subtle biomechanical motion detection.A smart human-machine interface for English letter recognition using deep learning achieved 98%accuracy.The organogel sensor utility was extended to detect human gestures like finger bending,wrist motion,and throat vibration during speech.展开更多
As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and el...As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.展开更多
The development of intrinsically conductive piezoresistive sensors with high strain tolerance has garnered significant interest.While elastomeric polymers exhibit excellent strain capabilities,their utility in sensing...The development of intrinsically conductive piezoresistive sensors with high strain tolerance has garnered significant interest.While elastomeric polymers exhibit excellent strain capabilities,their utility in sensing applications has been limited by inherent challenges such as high electrical resistivity,poor aging resistance,and interfacial incompatibility.To address these limitations,hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)-based polyurethane was chemically modified with acetylferrocene-polyaniline conductive moieties to enhance charge transport properties.Remarkably,this covalent functionalization endowed the resulting ferrocene-polyaniline hybrid polyurethane(FPHP)with a conductivity of2.33 n A at 1 V bias while preserving piezoresistive functionality.The FPHP demonstrated exceptional mechanical-electrical performance,achieving 254% elongation at break with strain-dependent gauge factors of 7.28(0%-12.5% strain,R^(2)=0.9504)and 19.66(12.5%-35.0% strain,R^(2)=0.9929).Further characterization revealed a rapid 0.60 s response time and stability over 3500 strain-release cycles at compression strain,underscoring its durability under repetitive loading.The FPHP sensor was capable of monitoring various human movements and recognizing writing signals.These advances establish a materials design paradigm for fabricating flexible sensors that synergistically integrate high deformability,tunable sensitivity,and robust operational stability,positioning FPHP as a promising candidate for next-generation wearable electronics and soft robotics.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-in...Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.展开更多
Human action recognition(HAR)is crucial for the development of efficient computer vision,where bioinspired neuromorphic perception visual systems have emerged as a vital solution to address transmission bottlenecks ac...Human action recognition(HAR)is crucial for the development of efficient computer vision,where bioinspired neuromorphic perception visual systems have emerged as a vital solution to address transmission bottlenecks across sensor-processor interfaces.However,the absence of interactions among versatile biomimicking functionalities within a single device,which was developed for specific vision tasks,restricts the computational capacity,practicality,and scalability of in-sensor vision computing.Here,we propose a bioinspired vision sensor composed of a Ga N/Al N-based ultrathin quantum-disks-in-nanowires(QD-NWs)array to mimic not only Parvo cells for high-contrast vision and Magno cells for dynamic vision in the human retina but also the synergistic activity between the two cells for in-sensor vision computing.By simply tuning the applied bias voltage on each QD-NW-array-based pixel,we achieve two biosimilar photoresponse characteristics with slow and fast reactions to light stimuli that enhance the in-sensor image quality and HAR efficiency,respectively.Strikingly,the interplay and synergistic interaction of the two photoresponse modes within a single device markedly increased the HAR recognition accuracy from 51.4%to 81.4%owing to the integrated artificial vision system.The demonstration of an intelligent vision sensor offers a promising device platform for the development of highly efficient HAR systems and future smart optoelectronics.展开更多
The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show...The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show clinical potential,their development has been hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between high sensitivity and full-range linearity(R^(2)>0.99 up to 1 MPa)in conventional designs.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of human skin,where dermal stratification enables wide-range pressure adaptation and ion-channelregulated signaling maintains linear electrical responses,we developed a dual-mechanism flexible iontronic pressure sensor(FIPS).This innovative design synergistically combines two bioinspired components:interdigitated fabric microstructures enabling pressure-proportional contact area expansion(αP1/3)and iontronic film facilitating self-adaptive ion concentration modulation(αP^(2/3)),which together generate a linear capacitance-pressure response(CαP).The FIPS achieves breakthrough performance:242 kPa^(-1)sensitivity with 0.997linearity across 0-1 MPa,yielding a record linear sensing factor(LSF=242,000).The design is validated across various substrates and ionic materials,demonstrating its versatility.Finally,the FIPS-driven design enables a smart insole demonstrating 1.8%error in tibial load assessment during gait analysis,outperforming nonlinear counterparts(6.5%error)in early fracture-risk prediction.The biomimetic design framework establishes a universal approach for developing high-performance linear sensors,establishing generalized principles for medical-grade wearable devices.展开更多
Surface polaritons,as surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of a medium,have played a crucial role in enhancing photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE)and developing highly sensitive refractive index(RI)...Surface polaritons,as surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of a medium,have played a crucial role in enhancing photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE)and developing highly sensitive refractive index(RI)sensors.Among them,the traditional surface plasmon polariton(SPP)based on noble metals limits its application beyond the near-infrared(IR)regime due to the large negative permittivity and optical losses.In this contribution,we theoretically proposed a highly sensitive PSHE sensor with the structure of Ge prism-SiC-Si:InAs-sensing medium,by taking advantage of the hybrid surface plasmon phonon polariton(SPPhP)in mid-IR regime.Here,heavily Si-doped InAs(Si:InAs)and SiC excite the SPP and surface phonon polariton(SPhP),and the hybrid SPPhP is realized in this system.More importantly,the designed PSHE sensor based on this SPPhP mechanism achieves the multi-stage RI measurements from 1.00025-1.00225 to 1.70025-1.70225,and the maximal intensity sensitivity and angle sensitivity can be up to 9.4×10^(4)μm/RIU and245°/RIU,respectively.These findings provide a new pathway for the enhancement of PSHE in mid-IR regime,and offer new opportunities to develop highly sensitive RI sensors in multi-scenario applications,such as harmful gas monitoring and biosensing.展开更多
Polymer matrix composites with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses are in high demand for flexible electronics.However,simultaneously satisfying these requirements poses a significant scientific challe...Polymer matrix composites with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses are in high demand for flexible electronics.However,simultaneously satisfying these requirements poses a significant scientific challenge owing to the intrinsic trade-off relationship.Herein,we utilized the in situ controllable reduction of graphene oxide(GO)within a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)(P(VDF-Tr FE-CFE))matrix to regulate the dielectric properties.The as-obtained composite exhibited a high relative dielectric constant of 1415coupled with a low loss tangent of 0.380 at 100 Hz.Experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the increased degree of electron conjugation and conductivity of the reduced GO(RGO)are responsible for the high-k.The constrained reduction degree of GO,combined with its homogeneous dispersion in the polymer matrix,effectively suppresses long-range charge carrier migration,thereby minimizing dielectric loss.This novel strategy could be successfully applied to both organic and aqueous systems.Furthermore,a high-performance flexible capacitive proximity sensor was exemplified by the optimization of both the dielectric layer and electrode pattern,exhibiting excellent sensitivity and stability.The fundamental mechanisms elucidated in this study provide crucial design principles for developing dielectric PMCs with tailored properties,thereby opening new avenues for advanced flexible electronic applications.展开更多
Wearable sensors have revolutionized health monitoring by transitioning from clinical diagnostics to continuous,real-time applications in daily life.The oral cavity,rich in saliva containing over 1,000 biomarkers that...Wearable sensors have revolutionized health monitoring by transitioning from clinical diagnostics to continuous,real-time applications in daily life.The oral cavity,rich in saliva containing over 1,000 biomarkers that reflect systemic health(e.g.,glucose,cortisol,and inflammatory markers)[1],offers the advantage of non-invasive sampling.Its superior environmental stability and strong connection to key physiological processes make it an ideal candidate in the field of digital medicine,serving as a natural gateway to personalized health monitoring.Therefore,the oral cavity represents not only a convenient sampling site but also a strategic interface for realizing the vision of continuous,personalized digital health monitoring.展开更多
Under the scenario of dense targets in clutter, a multi-layer optimal data correlation algorithm is proposed. This algorithm eliminates a large number of false location points from the assignment process by rough corr...Under the scenario of dense targets in clutter, a multi-layer optimal data correlation algorithm is proposed. This algorithm eliminates a large number of false location points from the assignment process by rough correlations before we calculate the correlation cost, so it avoids the operations for the target state estimate and the calculation of the correlation cost for the false correlation sets. In the meantime, with the elimination of these points in the rough correlation, the disturbance from the false correlations in the assignment process is decreased, so the data correlation accuracy is improved correspondingly. Complexity analyses of the new multi-layer optimal algorithm and the traditional optimal assignment algorithm are given. Simulation results show that the new algorithm is feasible and effective.展开更多
Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart...Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.展开更多
In this paper,a novel highly sensitive methane(CH_(4))and acetylene(C_(2)H_(2))dual-gas light-induced thermoelectric spectroscopy(LITES)sensor based on Lissajous space-division multiplexed(LSDM)technology and trapezoi...In this paper,a novel highly sensitive methane(CH_(4))and acetylene(C_(2)H_(2))dual-gas light-induced thermoelectric spectroscopy(LITES)sensor based on Lissajous space-division multiplexed(LSDM)technology and trapezoidal-head quartz tuning fork(QTF)detector was reported for the first time.A theoretical LSDM model was established on the basis of three-mirror astigmatic multi-pass cell(MPC)and it was used to design a pair of Lissajous spot patterns with optical path length to volume ratios(OPL/Vs)of 13.5 cm^(-2) and 13.3 cm^(-2),respectively.Two self-designed trapezoidal-head QTFs with low resonant frequencies of less than 10 kHz and quality factor of~12000 were adopted to enhance the detection ability.Two kinds of fiber amplifier,erbium doped fiber amplifier(EDFA)and Raman fiber amplifier(RFA),were combined to amplify the output power of two diode lasers to improve the excitation strength.After optimization,minimum detection limit(MDL)of 268.8 ppb and 91.4 ppb for real-simultaneous CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(2) sensing were obtained,respectively.When the integration time of the system were 150 s and 100 s,the MDLs could be improved to 54.8 ppb and 26.1 ppb,accordingly.Further improvement methods for such sensor were discussed.展开更多
At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-laye...At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.展开更多
The complex wiring,bulky data collection devices,and difficulty in fast and on-site data interpretation significantly limit the practical application of flexible strain sensors as wearable devices.To tackle these chal...The complex wiring,bulky data collection devices,and difficulty in fast and on-site data interpretation significantly limit the practical application of flexible strain sensors as wearable devices.To tackle these challenges,this work develops an artificial intelligenceassisted,wireless,flexible,and wearable mechanoluminescent strain sensor system(AIFWMLS)by integration of deep learning neural network-based color data processing system(CDPS)with a sandwich-structured flexible mechanoluminescent sensor(SFLC)film.The SFLC film shows remarkable and robust mechanoluminescent performance with a simple structure for easy fabrication.The CDPS system can rapidly and accurately extract and interpret the color of the SFLC film to strain values with auto-correction of errors caused by the varying color temperature,which significantly improves the accuracy of the predicted strain.A smart glove mechanoluminescent sensor system demonstrates the great potential of the AIFWMLS system in human gesture recognition.Moreover,the versatile SFLC film can also serve as a encryption device.The integration of deep learning neural network-based artificial intelligence and SFLC film provides a promising strategy to break the“color to strain value”bottleneck that hinders the practical application of flexible colorimetric strain sensors,which could promote the development of wearable and flexible strain sensors from laboratory research to consumer markets.展开更多
This study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide-range sensor,addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurem...This study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide-range sensor,addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurement range.Inspired by the structure of bamboo slips,we introduce a novel approach that utilises liquid metal to modulate the electrical pathways within a cracked platinum fabric electrode.The resulting sensor demonstrates a gauge factor greater than 108 and a strain measurement capability exceeding 100%.The integration of patterned liquid metal enables customisable tuning of the sensor’s response,while the porous fabric structure ensures superior comfort and air permeability for the wearer.Our design not only optimises the sensor’s performance but also enhances the electrical stability that is essential for practical applications.Through systematic investigation,we reveal the intrinsic mechanisms governing the sensor’s response,offering valuable insights for the design of wearable strain sensors.The sensor’s exceptional performance across a spectrum of applications,from micro-strain to large-strain detection,highlights its potential for a wide range of real-world uses,demonstrating a significant advancement in the field of flexible electronics.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175237)。
文摘The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical model height.The Taguchi method was employed to establish the correlations between process parameter combinations and multi-objective characterization of metal deposition morphology(height error and roughness).Results show that using the signal-to-noise ratio and grey relational analysis,the optimal parameter combination for multi-layer and multi-pass deposition is determined as follows:laser power of 800 W,powder feeding rate of 0.3 r/min,step distance of 1.6 mm,and scanning speed of 20 mm/s.Subsequently,a Genetic Bayesian-back propagation(GB-BP)network is constructed to predict multi-objective responses.Compared with the traditional back propagation network,the GB-back propagation network improves the prediction accuracy of height error and surface roughness by 43.14%and 71.43%,respectively.This network can accurately predict the multi-objective characterization of morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal deposited parts.
基金Supported by the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory on Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology,China(No.2021LSYS004)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials and Green Energy,China(No.2024B1212010003)。
文摘Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures,complex operations,and delayed results.Colorimetric analysis techniques have gained attention in recent years due to their advantages of short analysis time,simple operation,and suitability for on-site testing.This study successfully developed a series of colorimetric sensor platforms for biogenic amines by loading the natural active ingredient curcumin(CUR)and its derivative of Boron complex BFCUR onto filter paper and electrospun nanofibre films(ENFs),respectively.By analyzing the color response differences of these sensors upon contact with biogenic amines,the colorimetric sensors with superior detection performance were selected and further applied to the visual monitoring and indication of shrimp spoilage processes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3809800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172249,52525601)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Talents Program(E2290701)the Jiangsu Province Talents Program(JSSCRC2023545)the Special Fund Project of Carbon Peaking Carbon Neutrality Science and Technology Innovation of Jiangsu Province(BE2022011).
文摘Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexible fiber sensors.Through the preform-tofiber manufacturing technique,a variety of fiber sensors with complex functionalities spanning from the nanoscale to kilometer scale can be automated in a short time.Examples include temperature,acoustic,mechanical,chemical,biological,optoelectronic,and multifunctional sensors,which operate on diverse sensing principles such as resistance,capacitance,piezoelectricity,triboelectricity,photoelectricity,and thermoelectricity.This review outlines the principles of the thermal drawing process and provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in various thermally drawn fiber sensors.Finally,the future developments of thermally drawn fiber sensors are discussed.
文摘The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recognized to be limited at data boundaries and high frequencies,which can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a novel method synergistically integrating Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with SG filtering is proposed in this paper.This approach avoids the is-sue of excessive smoothing associated with larger window sizes.The proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm was applied to a CO gas sensing system based on Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy(CRDS).The perform-ance of the PCA-SG filtering algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with Moving Average Filtering(MAF),Wavelet Transformation(WT),Kalman Filtering(KF),and the SG filter.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior noise reduction capabilities compared to the other algorithms evaluated.The SNR of the ring-down signal was improved from 11.8612 dB to 29.0913 dB,and the stand-ard deviation of the extracted ring-down time constant was reduced from 0.037μs to 0.018μs.These results confirm that the proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm effectively improves the smoothness of the ring-down curve data,demonstrating its feasibility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)under Grant 52571385National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC2815000 and No.2024YFB3816000)+12 种基金Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Manned Vehicles(Grant No.2025SKLDMV07)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(WDZC20231128114452001,JCYJ20240813112107010 and JCYJ20240813111910014)the Tsinghua SIGS Scientific Research Startup Fund(QD2022021C)the Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center(2023-ZM 01 Z006)the Ocean Decade International Cooperation Center(ODCC)(GHZZ3702840002024020000026)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Marine Ecology(ZDSYS20230626091459009)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KJZD20240903100905008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22305141)Pearl River Talent Program(No.2023QN10C114)General Program of Guangdong Province(No.2025A1515011700)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2023ZT10C040)Scientific Research Foundation from Shenzhen Finance Bureau(No.GJHZ20240218113600002)Tsinghua University(JC2023001).
文摘Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program(2023R1A2C3004336,RS-202300243807)&Regional Leading Research Center(RS-202400405278)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)。
文摘Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility,adhesion,self-healing,and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics.Herein,we report a multifunctional,anti-freezing,selfadhesive,and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(CoN CNT)embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin(PVA/GLE)matrix.Fabricated using a binary solvent system of water and ethylene glycol(EG),the CoN CNT/PVA/GLE organogel exhibits excellent flexibility,biocompatibility,and temperature tolerance with remarkable environmental stability.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms near-stable performance across a broad humidity range(40%-95%RH).Freeze-tolerant conductivity under sub-zero conditions(-20℃)is attributed to the synergistic role of CoN CNT and EG,preserving mobility and network integrity.The Co N CNT/PVA/GLE organogel sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 5.75 k Pa^(-1)in the detection range from 0 to 20 k Pa,ideal for subtle biomechanical motion detection.A smart human-machine interface for English letter recognition using deep learning achieved 98%accuracy.The organogel sensor utility was extended to detect human gestures like finger bending,wrist motion,and throat vibration during speech.
基金supported by the NSFC(12474071)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024YQ051,ZR2025QB50)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011191)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1402200,23YF1402400)funded by Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20240424)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials(KF2406)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tsqn202408006,tsqn202507058)Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QTB002)the Qilu Young Scholar Program of Shandong University。
文摘As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.
文摘The development of intrinsically conductive piezoresistive sensors with high strain tolerance has garnered significant interest.While elastomeric polymers exhibit excellent strain capabilities,their utility in sensing applications has been limited by inherent challenges such as high electrical resistivity,poor aging resistance,and interfacial incompatibility.To address these limitations,hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)-based polyurethane was chemically modified with acetylferrocene-polyaniline conductive moieties to enhance charge transport properties.Remarkably,this covalent functionalization endowed the resulting ferrocene-polyaniline hybrid polyurethane(FPHP)with a conductivity of2.33 n A at 1 V bias while preserving piezoresistive functionality.The FPHP demonstrated exceptional mechanical-electrical performance,achieving 254% elongation at break with strain-dependent gauge factors of 7.28(0%-12.5% strain,R^(2)=0.9504)and 19.66(12.5%-35.0% strain,R^(2)=0.9929).Further characterization revealed a rapid 0.60 s response time and stability over 3500 strain-release cycles at compression strain,underscoring its durability under repetitive loading.The FPHP sensor was capable of monitoring various human movements and recognizing writing signals.These advances establish a materials design paradigm for fabricating flexible sensors that synergistically integrate high deformability,tunable sensitivity,and robust operational stability,positioning FPHP as a promising candidate for next-generation wearable electronics and soft robotics.
文摘Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62322410,52272168,624B2135,61804047)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2030000103)。
文摘Human action recognition(HAR)is crucial for the development of efficient computer vision,where bioinspired neuromorphic perception visual systems have emerged as a vital solution to address transmission bottlenecks across sensor-processor interfaces.However,the absence of interactions among versatile biomimicking functionalities within a single device,which was developed for specific vision tasks,restricts the computational capacity,practicality,and scalability of in-sensor vision computing.Here,we propose a bioinspired vision sensor composed of a Ga N/Al N-based ultrathin quantum-disks-in-nanowires(QD-NWs)array to mimic not only Parvo cells for high-contrast vision and Magno cells for dynamic vision in the human retina but also the synergistic activity between the two cells for in-sensor vision computing.By simply tuning the applied bias voltage on each QD-NW-array-based pixel,we achieve two biosimilar photoresponse characteristics with slow and fast reactions to light stimuli that enhance the in-sensor image quality and HAR efficiency,respectively.Strikingly,the interplay and synergistic interaction of the two photoresponse modes within a single device markedly increased the HAR recognition accuracy from 51.4%to 81.4%owing to the integrated artificial vision system.The demonstration of an intelligent vision sensor offers a promising device platform for the development of highly efficient HAR systems and future smart optoelectronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 52175281,52475315)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2021382)。
文摘The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show clinical potential,their development has been hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between high sensitivity and full-range linearity(R^(2)>0.99 up to 1 MPa)in conventional designs.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of human skin,where dermal stratification enables wide-range pressure adaptation and ion-channelregulated signaling maintains linear electrical responses,we developed a dual-mechanism flexible iontronic pressure sensor(FIPS).This innovative design synergistically combines two bioinspired components:interdigitated fabric microstructures enabling pressure-proportional contact area expansion(αP1/3)and iontronic film facilitating self-adaptive ion concentration modulation(αP^(2/3)),which together generate a linear capacitance-pressure response(CαP).The FIPS achieves breakthrough performance:242 kPa^(-1)sensitivity with 0.997linearity across 0-1 MPa,yielding a record linear sensing factor(LSF=242,000).The design is validated across various substrates and ionic materials,demonstrating its versatility.Finally,the FIPS-driven design enables a smart insole demonstrating 1.8%error in tibial load assessment during gait analysis,outperforming nonlinear counterparts(6.5%error)in early fracture-risk prediction.The biomimetic design framework establishes a universal approach for developing high-performance linear sensors,establishing generalized principles for medical-grade wearable devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12175107)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province+2 种基金the Hua Li Talents Program of Nanjing University of PostsTelecommunications,Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology(Grant No.YK22-02-08)the Fund from the Research Center of Industrial Perception and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Engineering of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.ZK21-05-09)。
文摘Surface polaritons,as surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of a medium,have played a crucial role in enhancing photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE)and developing highly sensitive refractive index(RI)sensors.Among them,the traditional surface plasmon polariton(SPP)based on noble metals limits its application beyond the near-infrared(IR)regime due to the large negative permittivity and optical losses.In this contribution,we theoretically proposed a highly sensitive PSHE sensor with the structure of Ge prism-SiC-Si:InAs-sensing medium,by taking advantage of the hybrid surface plasmon phonon polariton(SPPhP)in mid-IR regime.Here,heavily Si-doped InAs(Si:InAs)and SiC excite the SPP and surface phonon polariton(SPhP),and the hybrid SPPhP is realized in this system.More importantly,the designed PSHE sensor based on this SPPhP mechanism achieves the multi-stage RI measurements from 1.00025-1.00225 to 1.70025-1.70225,and the maximal intensity sensitivity and angle sensitivity can be up to 9.4×10^(4)μm/RIU and245°/RIU,respectively.These findings provide a new pathway for the enhancement of PSHE in mid-IR regime,and offer new opportunities to develop highly sensitive RI sensors in multi-scenario applications,such as harmful gas monitoring and biosensing.
基金financially supported by the Innovation and Technology Commission of the Hong Kong SAR Government(No.MRP/020/21)Hong Kong Polytechnic University(No.847A)+1 种基金RI-Wear Seed Fund of Poly U(1-CD8J)Start-up Fund of Poly U(1-BD49)。
文摘Polymer matrix composites with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses are in high demand for flexible electronics.However,simultaneously satisfying these requirements poses a significant scientific challenge owing to the intrinsic trade-off relationship.Herein,we utilized the in situ controllable reduction of graphene oxide(GO)within a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)(P(VDF-Tr FE-CFE))matrix to regulate the dielectric properties.The as-obtained composite exhibited a high relative dielectric constant of 1415coupled with a low loss tangent of 0.380 at 100 Hz.Experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the increased degree of electron conjugation and conductivity of the reduced GO(RGO)are responsible for the high-k.The constrained reduction degree of GO,combined with its homogeneous dispersion in the polymer matrix,effectively suppresses long-range charge carrier migration,thereby minimizing dielectric loss.This novel strategy could be successfully applied to both organic and aqueous systems.Furthermore,a high-performance flexible capacitive proximity sensor was exemplified by the optimization of both the dielectric layer and electrode pattern,exhibiting excellent sensitivity and stability.The fundamental mechanisms elucidated in this study provide crucial design principles for developing dielectric PMCs with tailored properties,thereby opening new avenues for advanced flexible electronic applications.
基金support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2021A1515110388,2024A1515011707)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(No.2024A04J5195)Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation(Nos.JCYJ20230807111120043).
文摘Wearable sensors have revolutionized health monitoring by transitioning from clinical diagnostics to continuous,real-time applications in daily life.The oral cavity,rich in saliva containing over 1,000 biomarkers that reflect systemic health(e.g.,glucose,cortisol,and inflammatory markers)[1],offers the advantage of non-invasive sampling.Its superior environmental stability and strong connection to key physiological processes make it an ideal candidate in the field of digital medicine,serving as a natural gateway to personalized health monitoring.Therefore,the oral cavity represents not only a convenient sampling site but also a strategic interface for realizing the vision of continuous,personalized digital health monitoring.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60672139, 60672140)the Excellent Ph.D. Paper Author Foundation of China (200237)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong (2005ZX01).
文摘Under the scenario of dense targets in clutter, a multi-layer optimal data correlation algorithm is proposed. This algorithm eliminates a large number of false location points from the assignment process by rough correlations before we calculate the correlation cost, so it avoids the operations for the target state estimate and the calculation of the correlation cost for the false correlation sets. In the meantime, with the elimination of these points in the rough correlation, the disturbance from the false correlations in the assignment process is decreased, so the data correlation accuracy is improved correspondingly. Complexity analyses of the new multi-layer optimal algorithm and the traditional optimal assignment algorithm are given. Simulation results show that the new algorithm is feasible and effective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376159)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62335006,62022032,62275065,and 61875047)Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation(Anhui University),Ministry of Education(Grant No.OEIAM202202)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.HIT.OCEF.2023011).
文摘In this paper,a novel highly sensitive methane(CH_(4))and acetylene(C_(2)H_(2))dual-gas light-induced thermoelectric spectroscopy(LITES)sensor based on Lissajous space-division multiplexed(LSDM)technology and trapezoidal-head quartz tuning fork(QTF)detector was reported for the first time.A theoretical LSDM model was established on the basis of three-mirror astigmatic multi-pass cell(MPC)and it was used to design a pair of Lissajous spot patterns with optical path length to volume ratios(OPL/Vs)of 13.5 cm^(-2) and 13.3 cm^(-2),respectively.Two self-designed trapezoidal-head QTFs with low resonant frequencies of less than 10 kHz and quality factor of~12000 were adopted to enhance the detection ability.Two kinds of fiber amplifier,erbium doped fiber amplifier(EDFA)and Raman fiber amplifier(RFA),were combined to amplify the output power of two diode lasers to improve the excitation strength.After optimization,minimum detection limit(MDL)of 268.8 ppb and 91.4 ppb for real-simultaneous CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(2) sensing were obtained,respectively.When the integration time of the system were 150 s and 100 s,the MDLs could be improved to 54.8 ppb and 26.1 ppb,accordingly.Further improvement methods for such sensor were discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3404700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105313 and 52275299)+2 种基金the Research and Development Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(No.KM202210005036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0701)the National Defense Basic Research Projects of China(No.JCKY2022405C002).
文摘At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52475580)the Special Foundation of the Taishan Scholar Project(tsqn202211077,tsqn202311077)+3 种基金Shandong Provincial Excellent Overseas Young Scholar Foundation(2023HWYQ-069)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023ME118,ZR2023QF080)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao City(23-2-1-219-zyyd-jch,23-2-1-111-zyyd-jch)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(23CX06032A).
文摘The complex wiring,bulky data collection devices,and difficulty in fast and on-site data interpretation significantly limit the practical application of flexible strain sensors as wearable devices.To tackle these challenges,this work develops an artificial intelligenceassisted,wireless,flexible,and wearable mechanoluminescent strain sensor system(AIFWMLS)by integration of deep learning neural network-based color data processing system(CDPS)with a sandwich-structured flexible mechanoluminescent sensor(SFLC)film.The SFLC film shows remarkable and robust mechanoluminescent performance with a simple structure for easy fabrication.The CDPS system can rapidly and accurately extract and interpret the color of the SFLC film to strain values with auto-correction of errors caused by the varying color temperature,which significantly improves the accuracy of the predicted strain.A smart glove mechanoluminescent sensor system demonstrates the great potential of the AIFWMLS system in human gesture recognition.Moreover,the versatile SFLC film can also serve as a encryption device.The integration of deep learning neural network-based artificial intelligence and SFLC film provides a promising strategy to break the“color to strain value”bottleneck that hinders the practical application of flexible colorimetric strain sensors,which could promote the development of wearable and flexible strain sensors from laboratory research to consumer markets.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3200700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.0214100221,51925503).
文摘This study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide-range sensor,addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurement range.Inspired by the structure of bamboo slips,we introduce a novel approach that utilises liquid metal to modulate the electrical pathways within a cracked platinum fabric electrode.The resulting sensor demonstrates a gauge factor greater than 108 and a strain measurement capability exceeding 100%.The integration of patterned liquid metal enables customisable tuning of the sensor’s response,while the porous fabric structure ensures superior comfort and air permeability for the wearer.Our design not only optimises the sensor’s performance but also enhances the electrical stability that is essential for practical applications.Through systematic investigation,we reveal the intrinsic mechanisms governing the sensor’s response,offering valuable insights for the design of wearable strain sensors.The sensor’s exceptional performance across a spectrum of applications,from micro-strain to large-strain detection,highlights its potential for a wide range of real-world uses,demonstrating a significant advancement in the field of flexible electronics.
