In order to reduce the uncertainty of offline land surface model （LSM） simulations of land evapotranspiration （ET）, we used ensemble simulations based on three meteorological forcing datasets [Princeton, ITPCAS （...In order to reduce the uncertainty of offline land surface model （LSM） simulations of land evapotranspiration （ET）, we used ensemble simulations based on three meteorological forcing datasets [Princeton, ITPCAS （Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences）, Qian] and four LSMs （BATS, VIC, CLM3.0 and CLM3.5）, to explore the trends and spatiotemporal characteristics of ET, as well as the spatiotemporal pattern of ET in response to climate factors over China's Mainland during 1982-2007. The results showed that various simulations of each member and their arithmetic mean （EnsAVlean） could capture the spatial distribution and seasonal pattern of ET sufficiently well, where they exhibited more significant spatial and seasonal variation in the ET compared with observation-based ET estimates （Obs_MTE）. For the mean annual ET, we found that the BATS forced by Princeton forcing overestimated the annual mean ET compared with Obs_MTE for most of the basins in China, whereas the VIC forced by Princeton forcing showed underestimations. By contrast, the Ens_Mean was closer to Obs_MTE, although the results were underestimated over Southeast China. Furthermore, both the Obs_MTE and Ens_Mean exhibited a significant increasing trend during 1982-98; whereas after 1998, when the last big EI Nifio event occurred, the Ens_Mean tended to decrease significantly between 1999 and 2007, although the change was not significant for Obs_MTE. Changes in air temperature and shortwave radiation played key roles in the long-term variation in ET over the humid area of China, but precipitation mainly controlled the long-term variation in ET in arid and semi-arid areas of China.展开更多
Model Set Adaptation(MSA)plays a key role in the Variable Structure Multi-Model tracking approach(VSMM).In this paper,the Error-Ambiguity Decomposition(EAD)principle is adopted to derive the EAD-MSA criterion that is ...Model Set Adaptation(MSA)plays a key role in the Variable Structure Multi-Model tracking approach(VSMM).In this paper,the Error-Ambiguity Decomposition(EAD)principle is adopted to derive the EAD-MSA criterion that is optimal in the sense of minimizing the square error between the estimate and the truth.Consequently,the EAD Variable Structure first-order General Pseudo Bayesian(EAD-VSGPB1)algorithm and the EAD Variable Structure Interacting Multiple Model(EAD-VSIMM)algorithm are constructed.The proposed algorithms are tested in two groups of maneuvering target tracking scenarios under different modes and observation error conditions.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the EAD-VSMM approach and show that,compared to some existing multi-model algorithms,the proposed EAD-VSMM algorithms achieve more robust and accurate tracking results.展开更多
This paper introduces a multi-model approach to design a robust supplementary damping controller. The designed fixed-order supplementary damping controller adjusts the voltage reference set point of SVC. There are two...This paper introduces a multi-model approach to design a robust supplementary damping controller. The designed fixed-order supplementary damping controller adjusts the voltage reference set point of SVC. There are two main objectives of the controller design, damping low frequencies oscillations and enhancing power system stability. This method relies on shaping the closed-loop sensitivity functions in the Nyquist plot under the constraints of these functions. These constraints can be linearized by choosing a desired open-loop transfer function. The robust controller is designed to minimize the error between the open-loop of the original plant model and the desired transfer functions. These outcomes can be achieved by using convex optimization methods. Convexity of the problem formulation ensures global optimality. One of the advantages of the proposed approach is that the approach accounts for multi-model uncertainty. In contrast to the methods available in the literature, the proposed approach deals with full-order model (i.e., model reduction is not required) with lower controller order. The issue of time delay of feedback signals has been addressed in this paper for different values of time delay by applying a multi-model optimization technique. The proposed approach is compared to other existing techniques to design a robust controller which is based on H2 under pole placement. Both techniques are applied to the 68-bus system to evaluate and validate the robust controller performance under different load scenarios and different wind generations.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To develop an automated system for identifying and classifying constitution types in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)by leveraging multi-model fusion algorithms.METHODS:A condensed version of a physical inf...OBJECTIVE:To develop an automated system for identifying and classifying constitution types in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)by leveraging multi-model fusion algorithms.METHODS:A condensed version of a physical information collection form was designed to facilitate efficient data acquisition.The collected data were analyzed using a multi-model fusion approach,which integrated several machine learning techniques.These included support vector machines,Naive Bayes,decision trees,random forests,logistic regression,multilayer perceptrons,K-nearest neighbors,gradient boosting,adaptive ensemble learning,and recurrent neural networks.A soft voting strategy was used to combine the predictive outputs of each model,enabling the selection of the most effective model combination.RESULTS:The classification models demonstrated consistent and robust performance across most TCM constitution types when enhanced by the multi-model fusion strategy.In particular,high levels of accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score were achieved for constitution types such as Yang deficiency,Qi deficiency,and Qi stagnation.However,the classification performance for the Yin deficiency constitution was relatively lower,indicating the need for further refinement and optimization in future research.CONCLUSION:This study introduces a novel,automated method for classifying TCM constitution types through the application of multi-model fusion algorithms.The approach simplifies the complex task of constitution identification while offering a practical and theoretical framework for the intelligent diagnosis of TCM body types.The findings have the potential to enhance personalized health management and support clinical decision-making in TCM diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing rate of thyroid nodules diagnosis,and the desire to avoid the unsightly cervical scar,remote thyroidectomies were invented and are increasingly performed.Transoral endoscopic thyroidec...BACKGROUND Due to the increasing rate of thyroid nodules diagnosis,and the desire to avoid the unsightly cervical scar,remote thyroidectomies were invented and are increasingly performed.Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approaches(TAA)are the two most commonly used remote approaches.No previous meta-analysis has compared postoperative infections and swallowing difficulties among the two procedures.AIM To compared the same among patients undergoing lobectomy for unilateral thyroid carcinoma/benign thyroid nodule.METHODS We searched PubMed MEDLINE,Google Scholar,and Cochrane Library from the date of the first published article up to August 2025.The term used were transoral thyroidectomy vestibular approach,trans areolar thyroidectomy,scarless thyroidectomy,remote thyroidectomy,infections,postoperative,inflammation,dysphagia,and swallowing difficulties.We identified 130 studies,of them,30 full texts were screened and only six studies were included in the final meta-analysis.RESULTS Postoperative infections were not different between the two approaches,odd ratio=1.33,95%confidence interval:0.50-3.53,theχ2 was 1.92 and the P-value for overall effect of 0.57.Similarly,transient swallowing difficulty was not different between the two forms of surgery,with odd ratio=0.91,95%confidence interval:0.35-2.40;theχ2 was 1.32,and the P-value for overall effect of 0.85.CONCLUSION No significant statistical differences were evident between trans-oral endoscopic Mirghani H.Infections and swallowing difficulty in scarless thyroidectomy WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com 2 January 6,2026 Volume 14 Issue 1 thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approach regarding postoperative infection and transient swallowing difficulties.Further longer randomized trials are needed.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to achieve rapid and accurate detection of protein content in rice with a particle size of 1.0 mm.[Methods]A multi-model fusion strategy was proposed on the basis of Stacking ensem...[Objectives]This study was conducted to achieve rapid and accurate detection of protein content in rice with a particle size of 1.0 mm.[Methods]A multi-model fusion strategy was proposed on the basis of Stacking ensemble learning.A base learner pool was constructed,containing Partial Least Squares(PLS),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Deep Extreme Learning Machine(DELM),Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Decision Tree(GBDT),and Multilayer Perceptron(MLP).PLS,DELM,and Linear Regression(LR)were used as meta-learner candidates.Employing integer coding technology,systematic dynamic combinations of base learners and meta-learners were generated,resulting in a total of 40 non-repetitive fusion models.The optimal combination was selected through a comprehensive evaluation based on multiple assessment indicators.[Results]The combination"PLS-DELM-MLP-LR"(code 1367)achieved coefficients of determination of 0.9732 and 0.9780 on the validation set and independent test set,respectively,with relative root mean square errors of 2.35%and 2.36%,and residual predictive deviations of 6.1075 and 6.7479,respectively.[Conclusions]The Stacking fusion model significantly enhances the predictive accuracy and robustness of spectral quantitative analysis,providing an efficient and feasible solution for modeling complex agricultural product spectral data.展开更多
This paper addresses the three-dimensional(3-D)approach angle constrained cooperative guidance problem for speed-varying missiles against maneuvering targets.First,the guidance problem is formulated in a relative refe...This paper addresses the three-dimensional(3-D)approach angle constrained cooperative guidance problem for speed-varying missiles against maneuvering targets.First,the guidance problem is formulated in a relative reference frame and a virtual control input is selected.Then,the cooperative guidance law is designed on the basis of a prediction-correction framework.The time-to-go under the baseline command is estimated by an efficient prediction method with a realistic aerodynamic model and a biased command is developed by utilizing the time-to-go predictions for synchronizing different missiles'impact times.The design of the biased command is decoupled into the individual design of its direction and magnitude.It is proved that the designed cooperative guidance law can make the time-to-go consensus error converge to zero before interception.Finally,the designed guidance law is validated through a series of numerical simulations.展开更多
A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was syst...A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was systematically investigated.The strengthening mechanism and electrical conductivity of the alloy were discussed in detail.The optimal thermomechanical treatment process was as follows:solid solution→80%cold rolling→(450℃,4 h)aging→50%cold rolling→(400℃,4 h)aging.The designed alloy achieved excellent comprehensive properties with a microhardness of HV 260,a yield strength of 843 MPa,a tensile strength of 884 MPa,and an electrical conductivity of 42.6%(IACS).Compared to direct aging treatment,the designed alloy subjected to multi-stage thermomechanical treatment had refined grains,high density of dislocations,and accelerated of precipitation of(Ni,Co)_(2)Si precipitates.High strength was mainly attributed to the combined effect of dislocation strengthening,work hardening and sub-grain strengthening,while good electrical conductivity was maintained through the precipitation of the large number of nanoparticles.展开更多
The photoacoustic imaging of lipid is intrinsically constrained by the feeble nature of endogenous lipid signals,posing a persistent sensitivity challenge that demands innovative solutions.Although adopting high-effic...The photoacoustic imaging of lipid is intrinsically constrained by the feeble nature of endogenous lipid signals,posing a persistent sensitivity challenge that demands innovative solutions.Although adopting high-efficiency excitation and detection elements may improve the imaging sensitivity to a certain extent,the application of the elements is inevitably subject to various limitations in practical applications,particularly during in vivo imaging and endoscopic imaging.In this study,we propose a multi-combinatorial approach to enhance the sensitivity of lipid photoacoustic imaging.The approach involves wavelet transform processing of one-dimensional A-line signals,gradient-based denoising of two-dimensional B-scan images,and finally,threedimensional spatial weighted averaging of the data processed by the previous two steps.This method not only significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in distinguished feature regions of the image by around 10 dB,but also efficiently extracts weak signals with no distinct features in the original image.After processing with this method,the images acquired under single scanning were compared with those obtained under multiple scanning.The results showed highly consistent image features,with the structural similarity index increasing from 0.2 to 0.8,confirming the accuracy and reliability of the multi-combinatorial approach.展开更多
This work contributes to the theoretical foundation for pricing in data markets and offers practical insights for managing digital data exchanges in the era of big data.We propose a structured pricing model for data e...This work contributes to the theoretical foundation for pricing in data markets and offers practical insights for managing digital data exchanges in the era of big data.We propose a structured pricing model for data exchanges transitioning from quasi-public to marketoriented operations.To address the complex dynamics among data exchanges,suppliers,and consumers,the authors develop a threestage Stackelberg game framework.In this model,the data exchange acts as a leader setting transaction commission rates,suppliers are intermediate leaders determining unit prices,and consumers are followers making purchasing decisions.Two pricing strategies are examined:the Independent Pricing Approach(IPA)and the novel Perfectly Competitive Pricing Approach(PCPA),which accounts for competition among data providers.Using backward induction,the study derives subgame-perfect equilibria and proves the existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg equilibria under both approaches.Extensive numerical simulations are carried out in the model,demonstrating that PCPA enhances data demander utility,encourages supplier competition,increases transaction volume,and improves the overall profitability and sustainability of data exchanges.Social welfare analysis further confirms PCPA’s superiority in promoting efficient and fair data markets.展开更多
With the rapid development of intelligent navigation technology,efficient and safe path planning for mobile robots has become a core requirement.To address the challenges of complex dynamic environments,this paper pro...With the rapid development of intelligent navigation technology,efficient and safe path planning for mobile robots has become a core requirement.To address the challenges of complex dynamic environments,this paper proposes an intelligent path planning framework based on grid map modeling.First,an improved Safe and Smooth A*(SSA*)algorithm is employed for global path planning.By incorporating obstacle expansion and cornerpoint optimization,the proposed SSA*enhances the safety and smoothness of the planned path.Then,a Partitioned Dynamic Window Approach(PDWA)is integrated for local planning,which is triggered when dynamic or sudden static obstacles appear,enabling real-time obstacle avoidance and path adjustment.A unified objective function is constructed,considering path length,safety,and smoothness comprehensively.Multiple simulation experiments are conducted on typical port grid maps.The results demonstrate that the improved SSA*significantly reduces the number of expanded nodes and computation time in static environmentswhile generating smoother and safer paths.Meanwhile,the PDWA exhibits strong real-time performance and robustness in dynamic scenarios,achieving shorter paths and lower planning times compared to other graph search algorithms.The proposedmethodmaintains stable performance across maps of different scales and various port scenarios,verifying its practicality and potential for wider application.展开更多
This study develops an event-triggered control strategy utilizing the fully actuated system approach for nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems containing actuator failures.First,to reduce the complexity of the ...This study develops an event-triggered control strategy utilizing the fully actuated system approach for nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems containing actuator failures.First,to reduce the complexity of the design process,we transform the studied system into the form of a fully actuated system through a state transformation.Then,to address the unknown nonlinear functions and actuator fault parameters,we employ neural networks and adaptive estimation techniques,respectively.Moreover,to reduce the control cost and improve the control efficiency,we introduce event-triggered inputs into the control strategy.It is proved by the Lyapunov stability analysis that all signals of the closed-loop system are bounded and the output of system eventually converge to a bounded region.The efficacy of the control approach is ultimately demonstrated via the simulation of an actual machine feeding system.展开更多
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for 2030,adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015,are facing a range of challenges.Factors such as climate change,regional conflicts and economic recession are havi...The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for 2030,adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015,are facing a range of challenges.Factors such as climate change,regional conflicts and economic recession are having a significant impact,particularly on global poverty governance.As a platform for dialogue,exchange and technical cooperation,the 2025 International Seminar on Global Poverty Reduction Partnerships was held in Beijing on 10 December 2025.展开更多
The rapid identification of γ-emitting radionuclides with low activity levels in public areas is crucial for nuclear safety.However,classical methods rely on full-energy peaks in the integral spectrum,requiring suffi...The rapid identification of γ-emitting radionuclides with low activity levels in public areas is crucial for nuclear safety.However,classical methods rely on full-energy peaks in the integral spectrum,requiring sufficient count accumulation for evaluation,thereby limiting response time.The sequential Bayesian approach,which utilizes prior information and considers both photon energies and interarrival times,can significantly enhance the performance of radionuclides identification.This study proposes a theoretical optimization method for the traditional sequential Bayesian approach.Each photon is processed sequentially,and the corresponding posterior probability is updated in real time using a noninformative prior from the Bayesian theory.By comparing the posterior probabilities of the background and radionuclides based on the energy variance and time interval,the type of γ-rays can be identified(background characteristic γ-rays,Compton plateaus γ-rays,or radionuclide-specific characteristic γ-rays).By integrating the information from these multiple characteristic γ-rays,the presence and type of radionuclides were determined based on the final decision function and a set threshold.Based on theoretical research,verification experiments were conducted using a LaBr_(3)(Ce)detector in both low-and natural background radiation environments with typical radionuclides(^(137)Cs,^(60)Co,and ^(133)Ba).The results show that this approach can identify ^(137)Cs in 7.9 s and 8.5 s(source dose rate contribution:approximately 6.5×10^(−3)μGy/h),^(60)Co in 8.1 s and 9.8 s(approximately 4.8×10^(−2)μGy/h),and ^(133)Ba in 4.05 s and 5.99 s(approximately 3.4×10^(−2)μGy/h)under low and natural background radiation,respectively,with a miss rate below 0.01%.This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach for fast radionuclides identification,even at low activity levels and highlights its potential for enhancing public safety in diverse radiation environments.展开更多
Disorders of consciousness(DoC),including coma,vegetative state,and minimally conscious state,present a spectrum of conditions characterized by impaired awareness and responsiveness due to severe brain injury.Conventi...Disorders of consciousness(DoC),including coma,vegetative state,and minimally conscious state,present a spectrum of conditions characterized by impaired awareness and responsiveness due to severe brain injury.Conventional interventions for DoC primarily focus on promoting conditions conducive to spontaneous neurological recovery including pharmacological treatments such as dopaminergic agents(e.g.,amantadine)and rehabilitative strategies including sensory stimulation programs and physical therapy.展开更多
Dear Editor,In this letter,we focus on the algebraic relationship between the coefficient matrices and the solution of the stochastic algebraic Riccati equation.It is revealed that,if the coefficient matrices are in a...Dear Editor,In this letter,we focus on the algebraic relationship between the coefficient matrices and the solution of the stochastic algebraic Riccati equation.It is revealed that,if the coefficient matrices are in an algebra,then the solution(and also the control gain in many cases)is also in the same algebra.The main result is verified by a numerical simulation.展开更多
As a result of a huge volume of implicit feedback such as browsing and clicks,many researchers are involving in designing recommender systems(RSs)based on implicit feedback.Though implicit feedback is too challenging,...As a result of a huge volume of implicit feedback such as browsing and clicks,many researchers are involving in designing recommender systems(RSs)based on implicit feedback.Though implicit feedback is too challenging,it is highly applicable to use in building recommendation systems.Conventional collaborative filtering techniques such as matrix decomposition,which consider user preferences as a linear combination of user and item latent features,have limited learning capacities,hence suffer from a cold start and data sparsity problems.To tackle these problems,the research direction towards considering the integration of conventional collaborative filtering with deep neural networks to maps user and item features.Conversely,the scalability and the sparsity of the data affect the performance of the methods and limit the worthiness of the results of the recommendations.Therefore,the authors proposed a multimodel deep learning(MMDL)approach by integrating user and item functions to construct a hybrid RS and significant improvement.The MMDL approach combines deep autoencoder with a one-dimensional convolution neural network model that learns user and item features to predict user preferences.From detail experimentation on two real-world datasets,the proposed work exhibits substantial performance when compared to the existing methods.展开更多
This paper studies the problem of diagnosis strategy for a doubly fed induction motor (DFIM) sensor faults. This strategy is based on unknown input proportional integral (PI) multiobserver. Thecontribution of this pap...This paper studies the problem of diagnosis strategy for a doubly fed induction motor (DFIM) sensor faults. This strategy is based on unknown input proportional integral (PI) multiobserver. Thecontribution of this paper is on one hand the creation of a new DFIM model based on multi-model approach and, on the other hand, the synthesis of an adaptive PI multi-observer. The DFIM Volt per Hertz drive system behaves as a nonlinear complex system. It consists of a DFIM powered through a controlled PWM Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The need of a sensorless drive requires soft sensors such as estimators or observers. In particular, an adaptive Proportional-Integral multi-observer is synthesized in order to estimate the DFIM’s outputs which are affected by different faults and to generate the different residual signals symptoms of sensor fault occurrence. The convergence of the estimation error is guaranteed by using the Lyapunov’s based theory. The proposed diagnosis approach is experimentally validated on a 1 kW Induction motor. Obtained simulation results confirm that the adaptive PI multiobserver consent to accomplish the detection, isolation and fault identification tasks with high dynamic performances.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,necessitating innovative diagnostic and prognostic strategies.Traditional biomarkers like C-reactive protein,uric acid,troponi...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,necessitating innovative diagnostic and prognostic strategies.Traditional biomarkers like C-reactive protein,uric acid,troponin,and natriuretic peptides play crucial roles in CVD management,yet they are often limited by sensitivity and specificity constraints.This narrative review critically examines the emerging landscape of cardiac biomarkers and advocates for a multiple-marker approach to enhance early detection,prognosis,and risk stratification of CVD.In recent years,several novel biomarkers have shown promise in revolutionizing CVD diagnostics.Gamma-glutamyltransferase,microRNAs,endothelial microparticles,placental growth factor,trimethylamine N-oxide,retinol-binding protein 4,copeptin,heart-type fatty acid-binding protein,galectin-3,growth differentiation factor-15,soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2,fibroblast growth factor 23,and adrenomedullin have emerged as significant indicators of CV health.These biomarkers provide insights into various pathophysiological processes,such as oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,inflammation,metabolic disturbances,and myocardial injury.The integration of these novel biomarkers with traditional ones offers a more comprehensive understanding of CVD mechanisms.This multiple-marker approach can improve diagnostic accuracy,allowing for better risk stratification and more personalized treatment strategies.This review underscores the need for continued research to validate the clinical utility of these biomarkers and their potential incorporation into routine clinical practice.By leveraging the strengths of both traditional and novel biomarkers,precise therapeutic plans can be developed,thereby improving the management and prognosis of patients with CVDs.The ongoing exploration and validation of these biomarkers are crucial for advancing CV care and addressing the limitations of current diagnostic tools.展开更多
BACKGROUND The surgical treatment of pelvic fractures is challenging,particularly after lum-bosacral plexus injuries.Such impairments affect a patient's physiological function and can cause significant mental heal...BACKGROUND The surgical treatment of pelvic fractures is challenging,particularly after lum-bosacral plexus injuries.Such impairments affect a patient's physiological function and can cause significant mental health problems.In recent years,the new transrectus lateral approach has favorably treated pelvic fractures and possibly preserved patients'physiological and psychological conditions.There-fore,investigating its clinical efficacy for treating pelvic fractures plus lum-bosacral plexus injuries is of great clinical significance.AIM To investigate the clinical effect of the transrectus lateral approach on pelvic fractures complicated by lumbosacral plexus injuries as well as anxiety and depression.METHODS Data of 136 patients with pelvic fractures complicated by lumbosacral plexus injuries treated by the transrectus lateral approach(January 2011 to May 2024)were retrospectively analyzed.The patients'general data were collected via questionnaire.The Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to assess anxiety and depression,respectively.We adopted a numerical rating scale(NRS)to evaluate pain degree,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)to assess sleep quality,and Medical Research Council(MRC)Scale for Muscle Strength to evaluate treatment efficacy and complications.RESULTS The 136 included patients(92 male,44 female)were a mean 48.02±15.72 years old.The mean SAS score was 66.36±5.15 preoperatively vs 42.15±4.36 postoperatively,while the mean SDS score was 65.61±5.02 preoperatively vs 43.83±4.54 postoperatively,showing statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The mean NRS and PSQI scores were significantly lower pre-vs postoperatively(P<0.05).Postoperatively,67 patients with fresh pelvic fractures plus nerve injuries achieved an MRC of M5,22 achieved an M1-M4,and four achieved an M0.Postoperative motor function improved by a mean 4.20 grades(scale,0-5).Among the patients with old pelvic fractures and nerve injuries,19 achieved an M5,16 achieved an M1-M4,and eight achieved an M0.Motor function improved significantly by a mean 3.30 grades(scale,0-5;P<0.05).No serious postoperative complications occurred.CONCLUSION The transrectus lateral approach to treating pelvic fractures plus lumbosacral plexus injuries can safely alleviate anxiety and depression,relieve pain,improve sleep quality,reduce intraoperative blood loss,and improve postoperative recovery.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.4140508391437220 and 41305066)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2015JJ3098)the Fund Project for The Education Department of Hunan Province(Grant No.14C0897)
文摘In order to reduce the uncertainty of offline land surface model （LSM） simulations of land evapotranspiration （ET）, we used ensemble simulations based on three meteorological forcing datasets [Princeton, ITPCAS （Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences）, Qian] and four LSMs （BATS, VIC, CLM3.0 and CLM3.5）, to explore the trends and spatiotemporal characteristics of ET, as well as the spatiotemporal pattern of ET in response to climate factors over China's Mainland during 1982-2007. The results showed that various simulations of each member and their arithmetic mean （EnsAVlean） could capture the spatial distribution and seasonal pattern of ET sufficiently well, where they exhibited more significant spatial and seasonal variation in the ET compared with observation-based ET estimates （Obs_MTE）. For the mean annual ET, we found that the BATS forced by Princeton forcing overestimated the annual mean ET compared with Obs_MTE for most of the basins in China, whereas the VIC forced by Princeton forcing showed underestimations. By contrast, the Ens_Mean was closer to Obs_MTE, although the results were underestimated over Southeast China. Furthermore, both the Obs_MTE and Ens_Mean exhibited a significant increasing trend during 1982-98; whereas after 1998, when the last big EI Nifio event occurred, the Ens_Mean tended to decrease significantly between 1999 and 2007, although the change was not significant for Obs_MTE. Changes in air temperature and shortwave radiation played key roles in the long-term variation in ET over the humid area of China, but precipitation mainly controlled the long-term variation in ET in arid and semi-arid areas of China.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61703128,61871166,61701148,61703131)the Science and Technology on Near-Surface Detection Laboratory Foundation,China(No.6142414180208)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ20F010002)。
文摘Model Set Adaptation(MSA)plays a key role in the Variable Structure Multi-Model tracking approach(VSMM).In this paper,the Error-Ambiguity Decomposition(EAD)principle is adopted to derive the EAD-MSA criterion that is optimal in the sense of minimizing the square error between the estimate and the truth.Consequently,the EAD Variable Structure first-order General Pseudo Bayesian(EAD-VSGPB1)algorithm and the EAD Variable Structure Interacting Multiple Model(EAD-VSIMM)algorithm are constructed.The proposed algorithms are tested in two groups of maneuvering target tracking scenarios under different modes and observation error conditions.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the EAD-VSMM approach and show that,compared to some existing multi-model algorithms,the proposed EAD-VSMM algorithms achieve more robust and accurate tracking results.
文摘This paper introduces a multi-model approach to design a robust supplementary damping controller. The designed fixed-order supplementary damping controller adjusts the voltage reference set point of SVC. There are two main objectives of the controller design, damping low frequencies oscillations and enhancing power system stability. This method relies on shaping the closed-loop sensitivity functions in the Nyquist plot under the constraints of these functions. These constraints can be linearized by choosing a desired open-loop transfer function. The robust controller is designed to minimize the error between the open-loop of the original plant model and the desired transfer functions. These outcomes can be achieved by using convex optimization methods. Convexity of the problem formulation ensures global optimality. One of the advantages of the proposed approach is that the approach accounts for multi-model uncertainty. In contrast to the methods available in the literature, the proposed approach deals with full-order model (i.e., model reduction is not required) with lower controller order. The issue of time delay of feedback signals has been addressed in this paper for different values of time delay by applying a multi-model optimization technique. The proposed approach is compared to other existing techniques to design a robust controller which is based on H2 under pole placement. Both techniques are applied to the 68-bus system to evaluate and validate the robust controller performance under different load scenarios and different wind generations.
基金Supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine Standardization Project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Research on the Physical Characteristics and Pre-disease Health Management of the Elderly in Hubei Province(No.GZY-FJS-2022-046)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To develop an automated system for identifying and classifying constitution types in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)by leveraging multi-model fusion algorithms.METHODS:A condensed version of a physical information collection form was designed to facilitate efficient data acquisition.The collected data were analyzed using a multi-model fusion approach,which integrated several machine learning techniques.These included support vector machines,Naive Bayes,decision trees,random forests,logistic regression,multilayer perceptrons,K-nearest neighbors,gradient boosting,adaptive ensemble learning,and recurrent neural networks.A soft voting strategy was used to combine the predictive outputs of each model,enabling the selection of the most effective model combination.RESULTS:The classification models demonstrated consistent and robust performance across most TCM constitution types when enhanced by the multi-model fusion strategy.In particular,high levels of accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score were achieved for constitution types such as Yang deficiency,Qi deficiency,and Qi stagnation.However,the classification performance for the Yin deficiency constitution was relatively lower,indicating the need for further refinement and optimization in future research.CONCLUSION:This study introduces a novel,automated method for classifying TCM constitution types through the application of multi-model fusion algorithms.The approach simplifies the complex task of constitution identification while offering a practical and theoretical framework for the intelligent diagnosis of TCM body types.The findings have the potential to enhance personalized health management and support clinical decision-making in TCM diagnosis and treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to the increasing rate of thyroid nodules diagnosis,and the desire to avoid the unsightly cervical scar,remote thyroidectomies were invented and are increasingly performed.Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approaches(TAA)are the two most commonly used remote approaches.No previous meta-analysis has compared postoperative infections and swallowing difficulties among the two procedures.AIM To compared the same among patients undergoing lobectomy for unilateral thyroid carcinoma/benign thyroid nodule.METHODS We searched PubMed MEDLINE,Google Scholar,and Cochrane Library from the date of the first published article up to August 2025.The term used were transoral thyroidectomy vestibular approach,trans areolar thyroidectomy,scarless thyroidectomy,remote thyroidectomy,infections,postoperative,inflammation,dysphagia,and swallowing difficulties.We identified 130 studies,of them,30 full texts were screened and only six studies were included in the final meta-analysis.RESULTS Postoperative infections were not different between the two approaches,odd ratio=1.33,95%confidence interval:0.50-3.53,theχ2 was 1.92 and the P-value for overall effect of 0.57.Similarly,transient swallowing difficulty was not different between the two forms of surgery,with odd ratio=0.91,95%confidence interval:0.35-2.40;theχ2 was 1.32,and the P-value for overall effect of 0.85.CONCLUSION No significant statistical differences were evident between trans-oral endoscopic Mirghani H.Infections and swallowing difficulty in scarless thyroidectomy WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com 2 January 6,2026 Volume 14 Issue 1 thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approach regarding postoperative infection and transient swallowing difficulties.Further longer randomized trials are needed.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to achieve rapid and accurate detection of protein content in rice with a particle size of 1.0 mm.[Methods]A multi-model fusion strategy was proposed on the basis of Stacking ensemble learning.A base learner pool was constructed,containing Partial Least Squares(PLS),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Deep Extreme Learning Machine(DELM),Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Decision Tree(GBDT),and Multilayer Perceptron(MLP).PLS,DELM,and Linear Regression(LR)were used as meta-learner candidates.Employing integer coding technology,systematic dynamic combinations of base learners and meta-learners were generated,resulting in a total of 40 non-repetitive fusion models.The optimal combination was selected through a comprehensive evaluation based on multiple assessment indicators.[Results]The combination"PLS-DELM-MLP-LR"(code 1367)achieved coefficients of determination of 0.9732 and 0.9780 on the validation set and independent test set,respectively,with relative root mean square errors of 2.35%and 2.36%,and residual predictive deviations of 6.1075 and 6.7479,respectively.[Conclusions]The Stacking fusion model significantly enhances the predictive accuracy and robustness of spectral quantitative analysis,providing an efficient and feasible solution for modeling complex agricultural product spectral data.
基金supported by Key R&D Program(Soft Science Project)of Shandong Province,China(No.2020CXGC011502)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62273043 and 62103049).
文摘This paper addresses the three-dimensional(3-D)approach angle constrained cooperative guidance problem for speed-varying missiles against maneuvering targets.First,the guidance problem is formulated in a relative reference frame and a virtual control input is selected.Then,the cooperative guidance law is designed on the basis of a prediction-correction framework.The time-to-go under the baseline command is estimated by an efficient prediction method with a realistic aerodynamic model and a biased command is developed by utilizing the time-to-go predictions for synchronizing different missiles'impact times.The design of the biased command is decoupled into the individual design of its direction and magnitude.It is proved that the designed cooperative guidance law can make the time-to-go consensus error converge to zero before interception.Finally,the designed guidance law is validated through a series of numerical simulations.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2202255)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2024JJ2076)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo,China(No.2023Z092)。
文摘A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was systematically investigated.The strengthening mechanism and electrical conductivity of the alloy were discussed in detail.The optimal thermomechanical treatment process was as follows:solid solution→80%cold rolling→(450℃,4 h)aging→50%cold rolling→(400℃,4 h)aging.The designed alloy achieved excellent comprehensive properties with a microhardness of HV 260,a yield strength of 843 MPa,a tensile strength of 884 MPa,and an electrical conductivity of 42.6%(IACS).Compared to direct aging treatment,the designed alloy subjected to multi-stage thermomechanical treatment had refined grains,high density of dislocations,and accelerated of precipitation of(Ni,Co)_(2)Si precipitates.High strength was mainly attributed to the combined effect of dislocation strengthening,work hardening and sub-grain strengthening,while good electrical conductivity was maintained through the precipitation of the large number of nanoparticles.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2402400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82027803,62275062)+7 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology(2020B121201010)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee under Grant(JCYJ20220818101417039)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular lmaging(ZDSY20130401165820357)the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(D2404002)the Project of Shandong Innovation and Startup Community of High-end Medical Apparatus and Instruments(2023-SGTTXM-002 and 2024-SGTTXM-005)the Shandong Province Technology Innovation Guidance Plan(Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund)(YDZX2023115)the Taishan Scholar Special Funding Project of Shandong Provinceand the Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices in Weihai(ZL202402).
文摘The photoacoustic imaging of lipid is intrinsically constrained by the feeble nature of endogenous lipid signals,posing a persistent sensitivity challenge that demands innovative solutions.Although adopting high-efficiency excitation and detection elements may improve the imaging sensitivity to a certain extent,the application of the elements is inevitably subject to various limitations in practical applications,particularly during in vivo imaging and endoscopic imaging.In this study,we propose a multi-combinatorial approach to enhance the sensitivity of lipid photoacoustic imaging.The approach involves wavelet transform processing of one-dimensional A-line signals,gradient-based denoising of two-dimensional B-scan images,and finally,threedimensional spatial weighted averaging of the data processed by the previous two steps.This method not only significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in distinguished feature regions of the image by around 10 dB,but also efficiently extracts weak signals with no distinct features in the original image.After processing with this method,the images acquired under single scanning were compared with those obtained under multiple scanning.The results showed highly consistent image features,with the structural similarity index increasing from 0.2 to 0.8,confirming the accuracy and reliability of the multi-combinatorial approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 12171158,12371474 and 12571510]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number 2025ECNU-WLJC006].
文摘This work contributes to the theoretical foundation for pricing in data markets and offers practical insights for managing digital data exchanges in the era of big data.We propose a structured pricing model for data exchanges transitioning from quasi-public to marketoriented operations.To address the complex dynamics among data exchanges,suppliers,and consumers,the authors develop a threestage Stackelberg game framework.In this model,the data exchange acts as a leader setting transaction commission rates,suppliers are intermediate leaders determining unit prices,and consumers are followers making purchasing decisions.Two pricing strategies are examined:the Independent Pricing Approach(IPA)and the novel Perfectly Competitive Pricing Approach(PCPA),which accounts for competition among data providers.Using backward induction,the study derives subgame-perfect equilibria and proves the existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg equilibria under both approaches.Extensive numerical simulations are carried out in the model,demonstrating that PCPA enhances data demander utility,encourages supplier competition,increases transaction volume,and improves the overall profitability and sustainability of data exchanges.Social welfare analysis further confirms PCPA’s superiority in promoting efficient and fair data markets.
文摘With the rapid development of intelligent navigation technology,efficient and safe path planning for mobile robots has become a core requirement.To address the challenges of complex dynamic environments,this paper proposes an intelligent path planning framework based on grid map modeling.First,an improved Safe and Smooth A*(SSA*)algorithm is employed for global path planning.By incorporating obstacle expansion and cornerpoint optimization,the proposed SSA*enhances the safety and smoothness of the planned path.Then,a Partitioned Dynamic Window Approach(PDWA)is integrated for local planning,which is triggered when dynamic or sudden static obstacles appear,enabling real-time obstacle avoidance and path adjustment.A unified objective function is constructed,considering path length,safety,and smoothness comprehensively.Multiple simulation experiments are conducted on typical port grid maps.The results demonstrate that the improved SSA*significantly reduces the number of expanded nodes and computation time in static environmentswhile generating smoother and safer paths.Meanwhile,the PDWA exhibits strong real-time performance and robustness in dynamic scenarios,achieving shorter paths and lower planning times compared to other graph search algorithms.The proposedmethodmaintains stable performance across maps of different scales and various port scenarios,verifying its practicality and potential for wider application.
基金supported by the Science Center Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62188101the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62573265.
文摘This study develops an event-triggered control strategy utilizing the fully actuated system approach for nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems containing actuator failures.First,to reduce the complexity of the design process,we transform the studied system into the form of a fully actuated system through a state transformation.Then,to address the unknown nonlinear functions and actuator fault parameters,we employ neural networks and adaptive estimation techniques,respectively.Moreover,to reduce the control cost and improve the control efficiency,we introduce event-triggered inputs into the control strategy.It is proved by the Lyapunov stability analysis that all signals of the closed-loop system are bounded and the output of system eventually converge to a bounded region.The efficacy of the control approach is ultimately demonstrated via the simulation of an actual machine feeding system.
文摘The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for 2030,adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015,are facing a range of challenges.Factors such as climate change,regional conflicts and economic recession are having a significant impact,particularly on global poverty governance.As a platform for dialogue,exchange and technical cooperation,the 2025 International Seminar on Global Poverty Reduction Partnerships was held in Beijing on 10 December 2025.
基金supported by the Program for NIM-Basic Research Business Expenses Key Field Program,China(No.AKYCX2315).
文摘The rapid identification of γ-emitting radionuclides with low activity levels in public areas is crucial for nuclear safety.However,classical methods rely on full-energy peaks in the integral spectrum,requiring sufficient count accumulation for evaluation,thereby limiting response time.The sequential Bayesian approach,which utilizes prior information and considers both photon energies and interarrival times,can significantly enhance the performance of radionuclides identification.This study proposes a theoretical optimization method for the traditional sequential Bayesian approach.Each photon is processed sequentially,and the corresponding posterior probability is updated in real time using a noninformative prior from the Bayesian theory.By comparing the posterior probabilities of the background and radionuclides based on the energy variance and time interval,the type of γ-rays can be identified(background characteristic γ-rays,Compton plateaus γ-rays,or radionuclide-specific characteristic γ-rays).By integrating the information from these multiple characteristic γ-rays,the presence and type of radionuclides were determined based on the final decision function and a set threshold.Based on theoretical research,verification experiments were conducted using a LaBr_(3)(Ce)detector in both low-and natural background radiation environments with typical radionuclides(^(137)Cs,^(60)Co,and ^(133)Ba).The results show that this approach can identify ^(137)Cs in 7.9 s and 8.5 s(source dose rate contribution:approximately 6.5×10^(−3)μGy/h),^(60)Co in 8.1 s and 9.8 s(approximately 4.8×10^(−2)μGy/h),and ^(133)Ba in 4.05 s and 5.99 s(approximately 3.4×10^(−2)μGy/h)under low and natural background radiation,respectively,with a miss rate below 0.01%.This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach for fast radionuclides identification,even at low activity levels and highlights its potential for enhancing public safety in diverse radiation environments.
文摘Disorders of consciousness(DoC),including coma,vegetative state,and minimally conscious state,present a spectrum of conditions characterized by impaired awareness and responsiveness due to severe brain injury.Conventional interventions for DoC primarily focus on promoting conditions conducive to spontaneous neurological recovery including pharmacological treatments such as dopaminergic agents(e.g.,amantadine)and rehabilitative strategies including sensory stimulation programs and physical therapy.
文摘Dear Editor,In this letter,we focus on the algebraic relationship between the coefficient matrices and the solution of the stochastic algebraic Riccati equation.It is revealed that,if the coefficient matrices are in an algebra,then the solution(and also the control gain in many cases)is also in the same algebra.The main result is verified by a numerical simulation.
文摘As a result of a huge volume of implicit feedback such as browsing and clicks,many researchers are involving in designing recommender systems(RSs)based on implicit feedback.Though implicit feedback is too challenging,it is highly applicable to use in building recommendation systems.Conventional collaborative filtering techniques such as matrix decomposition,which consider user preferences as a linear combination of user and item latent features,have limited learning capacities,hence suffer from a cold start and data sparsity problems.To tackle these problems,the research direction towards considering the integration of conventional collaborative filtering with deep neural networks to maps user and item features.Conversely,the scalability and the sparsity of the data affect the performance of the methods and limit the worthiness of the results of the recommendations.Therefore,the authors proposed a multimodel deep learning(MMDL)approach by integrating user and item functions to construct a hybrid RS and significant improvement.The MMDL approach combines deep autoencoder with a one-dimensional convolution neural network model that learns user and item features to predict user preferences.From detail experimentation on two real-world datasets,the proposed work exhibits substantial performance when compared to the existing methods.
文摘This paper studies the problem of diagnosis strategy for a doubly fed induction motor (DFIM) sensor faults. This strategy is based on unknown input proportional integral (PI) multiobserver. Thecontribution of this paper is on one hand the creation of a new DFIM model based on multi-model approach and, on the other hand, the synthesis of an adaptive PI multi-observer. The DFIM Volt per Hertz drive system behaves as a nonlinear complex system. It consists of a DFIM powered through a controlled PWM Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The need of a sensorless drive requires soft sensors such as estimators or observers. In particular, an adaptive Proportional-Integral multi-observer is synthesized in order to estimate the DFIM’s outputs which are affected by different faults and to generate the different residual signals symptoms of sensor fault occurrence. The convergence of the estimation error is guaranteed by using the Lyapunov’s based theory. The proposed diagnosis approach is experimentally validated on a 1 kW Induction motor. Obtained simulation results confirm that the adaptive PI multiobserver consent to accomplish the detection, isolation and fault identification tasks with high dynamic performances.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,necessitating innovative diagnostic and prognostic strategies.Traditional biomarkers like C-reactive protein,uric acid,troponin,and natriuretic peptides play crucial roles in CVD management,yet they are often limited by sensitivity and specificity constraints.This narrative review critically examines the emerging landscape of cardiac biomarkers and advocates for a multiple-marker approach to enhance early detection,prognosis,and risk stratification of CVD.In recent years,several novel biomarkers have shown promise in revolutionizing CVD diagnostics.Gamma-glutamyltransferase,microRNAs,endothelial microparticles,placental growth factor,trimethylamine N-oxide,retinol-binding protein 4,copeptin,heart-type fatty acid-binding protein,galectin-3,growth differentiation factor-15,soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2,fibroblast growth factor 23,and adrenomedullin have emerged as significant indicators of CV health.These biomarkers provide insights into various pathophysiological processes,such as oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,inflammation,metabolic disturbances,and myocardial injury.The integration of these novel biomarkers with traditional ones offers a more comprehensive understanding of CVD mechanisms.This multiple-marker approach can improve diagnostic accuracy,allowing for better risk stratification and more personalized treatment strategies.This review underscores the need for continued research to validate the clinical utility of these biomarkers and their potential incorporation into routine clinical practice.By leveraging the strengths of both traditional and novel biomarkers,precise therapeutic plans can be developed,thereby improving the management and prognosis of patients with CVDs.The ongoing exploration and validation of these biomarkers are crucial for advancing CV care and addressing the limitations of current diagnostic tools.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Plan,No.2022YFC2504303National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072411+1 种基金Guangzhou Area Clinical High-tech and Major Technology Projects,No.2024PL-GX11Internal Medicine Research Fund Project of Huadu District People's Hospital,Guangzhou(Excellent Youth Project),No.2020B06.
文摘BACKGROUND The surgical treatment of pelvic fractures is challenging,particularly after lum-bosacral plexus injuries.Such impairments affect a patient's physiological function and can cause significant mental health problems.In recent years,the new transrectus lateral approach has favorably treated pelvic fractures and possibly preserved patients'physiological and psychological conditions.There-fore,investigating its clinical efficacy for treating pelvic fractures plus lum-bosacral plexus injuries is of great clinical significance.AIM To investigate the clinical effect of the transrectus lateral approach on pelvic fractures complicated by lumbosacral plexus injuries as well as anxiety and depression.METHODS Data of 136 patients with pelvic fractures complicated by lumbosacral plexus injuries treated by the transrectus lateral approach(January 2011 to May 2024)were retrospectively analyzed.The patients'general data were collected via questionnaire.The Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to assess anxiety and depression,respectively.We adopted a numerical rating scale(NRS)to evaluate pain degree,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)to assess sleep quality,and Medical Research Council(MRC)Scale for Muscle Strength to evaluate treatment efficacy and complications.RESULTS The 136 included patients(92 male,44 female)were a mean 48.02±15.72 years old.The mean SAS score was 66.36±5.15 preoperatively vs 42.15±4.36 postoperatively,while the mean SDS score was 65.61±5.02 preoperatively vs 43.83±4.54 postoperatively,showing statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The mean NRS and PSQI scores were significantly lower pre-vs postoperatively(P<0.05).Postoperatively,67 patients with fresh pelvic fractures plus nerve injuries achieved an MRC of M5,22 achieved an M1-M4,and four achieved an M0.Postoperative motor function improved by a mean 4.20 grades(scale,0-5).Among the patients with old pelvic fractures and nerve injuries,19 achieved an M5,16 achieved an M1-M4,and eight achieved an M0.Motor function improved significantly by a mean 3.30 grades(scale,0-5;P<0.05).No serious postoperative complications occurred.CONCLUSION The transrectus lateral approach to treating pelvic fractures plus lumbosacral plexus injuries can safely alleviate anxiety and depression,relieve pain,improve sleep quality,reduce intraoperative blood loss,and improve postoperative recovery.
