Astronomical extreme events or phenomena include black holes as well as nebulae systems that resemble the Milky Way. Meteorological extreme events or phenomena include tornadoes and tropical cyclones. The new high ene...Astronomical extreme events or phenomena include black holes as well as nebulae systems that resemble the Milky Way. Meteorological extreme events or phenomena include tornadoes and tropical cyclones. The new high energy state of matter expanding outwards by spin jets from the two poles of an astronomical black hole, the new high energy state of matter in a funnel-shaped vortex showed a meteorological tornado expanding downwards from a rotated disk of cumulonimbus clouds, the new high energy state of matter in a tropical cyclone and the new high energy state of a nebulae system converging celestial materials are phenomena across disciplines and multiple time-space scales that have not yet been physically explained. In this paper, the theory of orthogonal collision in the rotational contraction continuum is used to unify the understanding of diverse extreme events or phenomena through a single dynamical mechanism, offering insights into natural processes across disciplines. In the field of astronomy, the orthogonal collision of two-beam rotating and contracting particles or stars associated with centripetal forces forms a new high-energy state of matter at the collision point and the new high-energy particles have expanding forces outward to both sides of the collision plane. In the field of meteorology, the orthogonal collision of multiple horizontally rotating and contracting airflows associated with centripetal forces forms a new high energy state of matter at the collision point as well as an updraft force and a downdraft force vertically. The updraft force and downdraft force formed by the collision of anomalous wet airflows in the lower atmosphere can well indicate tornado, thunderstorm and extreme precipitation. The orthogonal collision theory can be applied to explain new states of matter in disciplines from the astronomical scale to the meteorological scale and the Planck scale.展开更多
The Educational Adaptive-optics Solar Telescope(EAST)at the Shanghai Astronomy Museum has been running routine astronomical observations since 2021.It is a 65-cm-aperture Gregorian solar telescope for scientific educa...The Educational Adaptive-optics Solar Telescope(EAST)at the Shanghai Astronomy Museum has been running routine astronomical observations since 2021.It is a 65-cm-aperture Gregorian solar telescope for scientific education,outreach,and research.The telescope system is designed in an“open”format so that the solar tower architecture can be integrated with it,and visitors can watch the observations live from inside the tower.Equipped with adaptive optics,a high-resolution imaging system,and an integral field unit spectro-imaging system,this telescope can obtain high-resolution solar images in the TiO and Hαbands,and perform spectral image reconstruction using 400 optical fibers at selected wavelengths.It can be used not only in public education and scientific outreach but also in solar physics research.展开更多
The science of radio astronomy focuses on the observation and study of celestial objects by reading their radio waves. The 5 meter radio-telescope is able to observe different radio sources using a C-band LNB. This re...The science of radio astronomy focuses on the observation and study of celestial objects by reading their radio waves. The 5 meter radio-telescope is able to observe different radio sources using a C-band LNB. This research was essentially focused on Crab Nebula, also known as Taurus A. The study led to interesting observations, which were validated numerically using various scientific computing software. The radio waves emitted by Taurus A are readable by the RTL-SDR, a software defined radio receiver. This device is capable of reading radio frequencies in the range of 0.5 MHZ to 1700 MHZ.展开更多
Satellites in low earth orbit(LEO)pose a challenge to astronomy observations requiring long exposure times or wide observation areas.As the number of satellites in LEO dramatically increases,it motivates an increased ...Satellites in low earth orbit(LEO)pose a challenge to astronomy observations requiring long exposure times or wide observation areas.As the number of satellites in LEO dramatically increases,it motivates an increased need for methods to filter out artifacts caused by satellites crossing into observation fields.This paper develops and evaluates a deep learning model based on U-Net to filter these artifacts from collected data.The proposed model is compared with two existing filtering methods on a dataset generated using the state-of-the-art tool Pyradon.Although the initial application of deep learning does include some unpredictable behavior not found in traditional algorithms,the proposed model outperforms the existing methods in overall accuracy while requiring significantly less computational time.This suggests that the application of deep learning to satellite artifact removal which has previously been underdeveloped in the literature may be an appropriate avenue.展开更多
In this new era of time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy,various new transients and new phenomena are constantly being discovered thanks to the rapid advances in observations,which provide the excellent opportunit...In this new era of time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy,various new transients and new phenomena are constantly being discovered thanks to the rapid advances in observations,which provide the excellent opportunity to study the physics in the extreme environments.The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission(eXTP),planned to be launched in 2030,has several key advantages,including advanced polarimetry,high sensitivity&large effective area,and wide energy range coverage,which make it a groundbreaking project in high-energy astrophysics.In this article,we briefly introduce the potential time-domain and multi-messenger targets for eXTP,including gravitational-wave(GW)counterparts,gamma-ray bursts(GRBs),magnetars and fast radio bursts(FRBs),tidal disruption events(TDEs),supernovae,high energy neutrinos and TeV active galactic nucleus(AGNs),and so on.We discuss the advantages of future eXTP observations for detecting these sources,their detection capabilities,the abilities to distinguish theoretical models,and their applications in gravity and cosmology.展开更多
The Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST)is located at 4200 m on Saishiteng Mountain in Lenghu,Qinghai Province,China.It features a primary mirror with a diameter of 2.5 m and a camera equipped with nine CCDs,providing a ...The Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST)is located at 4200 m on Saishiteng Mountain in Lenghu,Qinghai Province,China.It features a primary mirror with a diameter of 2.5 m and a camera equipped with nine CCDs,providing a wide field of view of approximately 3×3 square degrees.Calibration parameters are essential to ensure the precision of astrometric observations with the WFST.These parameters are derived from geometric distortion(GD)and gaps through astrometric modeling and are subsequently validated via the Yao’An High Precision Telescope(YAHPT).The GD solutions show maximum distortions between 1.18 and 10.29 pixels for the WFST chips,with central chips exhibiting lower distortion.After applying the GD correction,the precision of the WFST reaches 4 mas.The interchip gaps of the WFST range from 1.922 mm to 7.765 mm,corresponding to 10μm/pixel,aligning with the design and measurements.The calibrated parameters guarantee that the WFST can perform highly accurate astrometric measurements.Furthermore,as the WFST undergoes updates,the parameter model remains consistently applicable.展开更多
文摘Astronomical extreme events or phenomena include black holes as well as nebulae systems that resemble the Milky Way. Meteorological extreme events or phenomena include tornadoes and tropical cyclones. The new high energy state of matter expanding outwards by spin jets from the two poles of an astronomical black hole, the new high energy state of matter in a funnel-shaped vortex showed a meteorological tornado expanding downwards from a rotated disk of cumulonimbus clouds, the new high energy state of matter in a tropical cyclone and the new high energy state of a nebulae system converging celestial materials are phenomena across disciplines and multiple time-space scales that have not yet been physically explained. In this paper, the theory of orthogonal collision in the rotational contraction continuum is used to unify the understanding of diverse extreme events or phenomena through a single dynamical mechanism, offering insights into natural processes across disciplines. In the field of astronomy, the orthogonal collision of two-beam rotating and contracting particles or stars associated with centripetal forces forms a new high-energy state of matter at the collision point and the new high-energy particles have expanding forces outward to both sides of the collision plane. In the field of meteorology, the orthogonal collision of multiple horizontally rotating and contracting airflows associated with centripetal forces forms a new high energy state of matter at the collision point as well as an updraft force and a downdraft force vertically. The updraft force and downdraft force formed by the collision of anomalous wet airflows in the lower atmosphere can well indicate tornado, thunderstorm and extreme precipitation. The orthogonal collision theory can be applied to explain new states of matter in disciplines from the astronomical scale to the meteorological scale and the Planck scale.
基金supported by the Shanghai Municipal People’s Government
文摘The Educational Adaptive-optics Solar Telescope(EAST)at the Shanghai Astronomy Museum has been running routine astronomical observations since 2021.It is a 65-cm-aperture Gregorian solar telescope for scientific education,outreach,and research.The telescope system is designed in an“open”format so that the solar tower architecture can be integrated with it,and visitors can watch the observations live from inside the tower.Equipped with adaptive optics,a high-resolution imaging system,and an integral field unit spectro-imaging system,this telescope can obtain high-resolution solar images in the TiO and Hαbands,and perform spectral image reconstruction using 400 optical fibers at selected wavelengths.It can be used not only in public education and scientific outreach but also in solar physics research.
文摘The science of radio astronomy focuses on the observation and study of celestial objects by reading their radio waves. The 5 meter radio-telescope is able to observe different radio sources using a C-band LNB. This research was essentially focused on Crab Nebula, also known as Taurus A. The study led to interesting observations, which were validated numerically using various scientific computing software. The radio waves emitted by Taurus A are readable by the RTL-SDR, a software defined radio receiver. This device is capable of reading radio frequencies in the range of 0.5 MHZ to 1700 MHZ.
文摘Satellites in low earth orbit(LEO)pose a challenge to astronomy observations requiring long exposure times or wide observation areas.As the number of satellites in LEO dramatically increases,it motivates an increased need for methods to filter out artifacts caused by satellites crossing into observation fields.This paper develops and evaluates a deep learning model based on U-Net to filter these artifacts from collected data.The proposed model is compared with two existing filtering methods on a dataset generated using the state-of-the-art tool Pyradon.Although the initial application of deep learning does include some unpredictable behavior not found in traditional algorithms,the proposed model outperforms the existing methods in overall accuracy while requiring significantly less computational time.This suggests that the application of deep learning to satellite artifact removal which has previously been underdeveloped in the literature may be an appropriate avenue.
基金supported by China’s Space Origins Exploration Programsupport from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.E32983U810)+13 种基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB0550300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12325301)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12233002,and 12041306)the National SKA Program of China (Grant No.2020SKA0120300)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2021YFA0718500)the support from the Xinjiang Tianchi Programsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12333007)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.113111KYSB20190020)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDA15020100)supported by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.1242032)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.2022056)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2022YFC2205201,and 2020YFC2201400)funding by the European Union-Next Generation EU RFF M4C2 1.1 PRIN 2022 project “2022RJLWHN URKA”INAF 2023 Theory Grant Ob Fu 1.05.23.06.06 “Understanding R-process & Kilonovae Aspects (URKA)”.
文摘In this new era of time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy,various new transients and new phenomena are constantly being discovered thanks to the rapid advances in observations,which provide the excellent opportunity to study the physics in the extreme environments.The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission(eXTP),planned to be launched in 2030,has several key advantages,including advanced polarimetry,high sensitivity&large effective area,and wide energy range coverage,which make it a groundbreaking project in high-energy astrophysics.In this article,we briefly introduce the potential time-domain and multi-messenger targets for eXTP,including gravitational-wave(GW)counterparts,gamma-ray bursts(GRBs),magnetars and fast radio bursts(FRBs),tidal disruption events(TDEs),supernovae,high energy neutrinos and TeV active galactic nucleus(AGNs),and so on.We discuss the advantages of future eXTP observations for detecting these sources,their detection capabilities,the abilities to distinguish theoretical models,and their applications in gravity and cosmology.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0350300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12203105,12103091,62394351,12073008)the China Manned Space Project(CMS-CSST-2021-A12,CMS-CSST-2021-B10).
文摘The Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST)is located at 4200 m on Saishiteng Mountain in Lenghu,Qinghai Province,China.It features a primary mirror with a diameter of 2.5 m and a camera equipped with nine CCDs,providing a wide field of view of approximately 3×3 square degrees.Calibration parameters are essential to ensure the precision of astrometric observations with the WFST.These parameters are derived from geometric distortion(GD)and gaps through astrometric modeling and are subsequently validated via the Yao’An High Precision Telescope(YAHPT).The GD solutions show maximum distortions between 1.18 and 10.29 pixels for the WFST chips,with central chips exhibiting lower distortion.After applying the GD correction,the precision of the WFST reaches 4 mas.The interchip gaps of the WFST range from 1.922 mm to 7.765 mm,corresponding to 10μm/pixel,aligning with the design and measurements.The calibrated parameters guarantee that the WFST can perform highly accurate astrometric measurements.Furthermore,as the WFST undergoes updates,the parameter model remains consistently applicable.
