We demonstrate a fiber-loop ring down multi-function sensors system, which can be used to measure refractive index and curvature simultaneously. Good agreement has been found between theoretical analyses and experimen...We demonstrate a fiber-loop ring down multi-function sensors system, which can be used to measure refractive index and curvature simultaneously. Good agreement has been found between theoretical analyses and experimental results. It has great potential for sensor applications.展开更多
Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming pr...Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures,complex operations,and delayed results.Colorimetric analysis techniques have gained attention in recent years due to their advantages of short analysis time,simple operation,and suitability for on-site testing.This study successfully developed a series of colorimetric sensor platforms for biogenic amines by loading the natural active ingredient curcumin(CUR)and its derivative of Boron complex BFCUR onto filter paper and electrospun nanofibre films(ENFs),respectively.By analyzing the color response differences of these sensors upon contact with biogenic amines,the colorimetric sensors with superior detection performance were selected and further applied to the visual monitoring and indication of shrimp spoilage processes.展开更多
Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexib...Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexible fiber sensors.Through the preform-tofiber manufacturing technique,a variety of fiber sensors with complex functionalities spanning from the nanoscale to kilometer scale can be automated in a short time.Examples include temperature,acoustic,mechanical,chemical,biological,optoelectronic,and multifunctional sensors,which operate on diverse sensing principles such as resistance,capacitance,piezoelectricity,triboelectricity,photoelectricity,and thermoelectricity.This review outlines the principles of the thermal drawing process and provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in various thermally drawn fiber sensors.Finally,the future developments of thermally drawn fiber sensors are discussed.展开更多
Silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives(Si-PSAs)are valued for their thermal stability,flexibility,and biocompatibility,but their weak bonding strength restricts high-performance use.Polyurethane-modified Si-PSAs ...Silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives(Si-PSAs)are valued for their thermal stability,flexibility,and biocompatibility,but their weak bonding strength restricts high-performance use.Polyurethane-modified Si-PSAs enhance adhesion,however diisocyanates remain essential.The raw materials of isocyanates are toxic,and their synthesis involves phosgene.To make up for those shortcomings,a series of poly(hydroxy urethane-siloxane)PSAs,named as PHUSi here,were synthesized through the ring-opening reaction of cyclic carbonate-functionalized polysiloxanes(PSi_(x)-VEC_(z))with various aliphatic diamines.The PSi_(x)-VEC_(z) precursors were prepared via the hydrosilylation of hydrogen-containing polysiloxanes(PSi_(x)-H_(y))with 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one(VEC).The chemical structures of PSi_(x)-H_(y),PSi_(x)-VEC_(z) and PHUSi were characterized,and bonding properties of PHUSi were systematically evaluated.The influence of architectures on adhesive performance was elucidated through comprehensive analyses,including rheology,crosslink density assessment,and so on.These studies revealed that the tailored design of PHUSi adhesives combine the advantages of traditional Si-PSAs with enhanced adhesion while eliminating isocyanate toxicity.The optimized PHUSi formulation achieved remarkable 180°peel strength(76.5 N/m on skin)and maximum probe tack force(1.61 N),enabling secure 24 h attachment of flexible sensors to skin.These properties make PHUSi particularly suitable for medical applications,as demonstrated by successful implementation in flexible electrocardiogram devices,offering a biocompatible,high-performance adhesive.展开更多
As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and el...As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.展开更多
Figure 6(a)in the paper[Chin.Phys.B 33074203(2024)]was incorrect due to editorial oversight.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
Gas sensors are valuable tools for human applications,and extensive research has been conducted in this field.However,practical implementation has yet to be fully realized.In response,efforts have been made to explore...Gas sensors are valuable tools for human applications,and extensive research has been conducted in this field.However,practical implementation has yet to be fully realized.In response,efforts have been made to explore metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),a novel class of porous materials,as potential solutions.MOFs exhibit exceptional porosity and highly tunable chemical compositions and structures,giving rise to a wide range of unique physical and chemical properties.Significant progress has been achieved in developing MOF-based gas sensors,improving sensing performance for various gases.This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MOF-based gas sensors,even for readers unfamiliar with MOFs and gas sensors.It covers the working principles of these sensors,fundamental concepts of MOFs,strategies for tuning MOF properties,fabrication techniques for MOF films,and recent studies on MOF and MOF-derivative gas sensors.Finally,current challenges,overlooked aspects,and future directions for fully exploiting the potential of MOFs in gas sensor development are discussed.展开更多
The development of intrinsically conductive piezoresistive sensors with high strain tolerance has garnered significant interest.While elastomeric polymers exhibit excellent strain capabilities,their utility in sensing...The development of intrinsically conductive piezoresistive sensors with high strain tolerance has garnered significant interest.While elastomeric polymers exhibit excellent strain capabilities,their utility in sensing applications has been limited by inherent challenges such as high electrical resistivity,poor aging resistance,and interfacial incompatibility.To address these limitations,hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)-based polyurethane was chemically modified with acetylferrocene-polyaniline conductive moieties to enhance charge transport properties.Remarkably,this covalent functionalization endowed the resulting ferrocene-polyaniline hybrid polyurethane(FPHP)with a conductivity of2.33 n A at 1 V bias while preserving piezoresistive functionality.The FPHP demonstrated exceptional mechanical-electrical performance,achieving 254% elongation at break with strain-dependent gauge factors of 7.28(0%-12.5% strain,R^(2)=0.9504)and 19.66(12.5%-35.0% strain,R^(2)=0.9929).Further characterization revealed a rapid 0.60 s response time and stability over 3500 strain-release cycles at compression strain,underscoring its durability under repetitive loading.The FPHP sensor was capable of monitoring various human movements and recognizing writing signals.These advances establish a materials design paradigm for fabricating flexible sensors that synergistically integrate high deformability,tunable sensitivity,and robust operational stability,positioning FPHP as a promising candidate for next-generation wearable electronics and soft robotics.展开更多
Zinc oxide(ZnO)films,as representative piezoelectric semiconductors,have garnered considerable interest in ultrasonic testing.Current research challenges include maintaining the consistency of continuous c-axis orient...Zinc oxide(ZnO)films,as representative piezoelectric semiconductors,have garnered considerable interest in ultrasonic testing.Current research challenges include maintaining the consistency of continuous c-axis orientation and determining the fundamental link between the electrical structure and piezoelectric response.Accordingly,we have proposed ZnO films incorporated with an orientation-inducing layer(OIL),utilizing orientation induction and rapid deposition technology to regulate the growth structure of the ZnO films.Furthermore,the influence of the competitive mechanism between the film growth and lateral diffusion on the film's growth structure has been investigated.Piezoelectric force microscopy(PFM)analysis demonstrated the regulation and enhancement of ZnO piezoelectric polarization by the OIL.The enhancement mechanism of OIL on film performance was revealed via experimental examination of the film structure,morphology,crystallization orientation,oxygen vacancies,carrier concentration,band structure,and density of states based on density functional theory(DFT).Benefiting from the superior electromechanical response of the ZnO OIL sensor,characterized by fast response recovery times of 2.4 ms/7.7 ms and a sensitivity of 1.09 V/N,the device has successfully demonstrated practical applications in both motion pressure detection and bolt axial force measurement.These findings provide new insights into the ultrasonic detection for aerospace applications of ZnO OIL piezoelectric devices and demonstrate significant potential for health monitoring in connection systems.展开更多
In this study,the multi-scale(meso and macro)modelling was used to predict the electric response of the material.Porosity was introduced through a sugar-templating process to enhance compressibility and sensitivity.Me...In this study,the multi-scale(meso and macro)modelling was used to predict the electric response of the material.Porosity was introduced through a sugar-templating process to enhance compressibility and sensitivity.Mean-field homogenization was employed to predict the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites,which was validated experimentally through I–V characterisation,confirming stable Ohmic behavior.The homogenised material parameters were incorporated into COMSOLMultiphysics to simulate diaphragmdeflection and capacitance variation under applied pressure.Experimental results showed a linear and stable capacitance response at the force magnitude of 0–7 N.The Graphene nanoplatelets(GnP)–Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)sensor demonstrated superior sensitivity(0.0032 pF/N)compared to the CNT–PDMS sensor(0.0019 pF/N),attributed to improved filler dispersion and higher effective surface area of GnP.Finite element simulations were further conducted to evaluate stress distribution in a GnP–PDMS-based capacitive sensor integrated into a shoe insole for gait analysis.The results correlated well with experimental capacitance changes,validating the sensor’s mechanical reliability and pressure sensitivity.This comparative study establishes the GnP–PDMS composite as a more effective candidate for low-cost,biocompatible,and high-performance flexible pressure sensors in wearable biomedical and gait monitoring applications.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-in...Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.展开更多
The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show...The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show clinical potential,their development has been hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between high sensitivity and full-range linearity(R^(2)>0.99 up to 1 MPa)in conventional designs.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of human skin,where dermal stratification enables wide-range pressure adaptation and ion-channelregulated signaling maintains linear electrical responses,we developed a dual-mechanism flexible iontronic pressure sensor(FIPS).This innovative design synergistically combines two bioinspired components:interdigitated fabric microstructures enabling pressure-proportional contact area expansion(αP1/3)and iontronic film facilitating self-adaptive ion concentration modulation(αP^(2/3)),which together generate a linear capacitance-pressure response(CαP).The FIPS achieves breakthrough performance:242 kPa^(-1)sensitivity with 0.997linearity across 0-1 MPa,yielding a record linear sensing factor(LSF=242,000).The design is validated across various substrates and ionic materials,demonstrating its versatility.Finally,the FIPS-driven design enables a smart insole demonstrating 1.8%error in tibial load assessment during gait analysis,outperforming nonlinear counterparts(6.5%error)in early fracture-risk prediction.The biomimetic design framework establishes a universal approach for developing high-performance linear sensors,establishing generalized principles for medical-grade wearable devices.展开更多
In this study,the mechanism and characteristics of the responseαparticles and the damage caused by them in CMOS active pixel(APS)sensors were investigated.A detection and compensation algorithm for dead pixels caused...In this study,the mechanism and characteristics of the responseαparticles and the damage caused by them in CMOS active pixel(APS)sensors were investigated.A detection and compensation algorithm for dead pixels caused byαparticle ionizing radiation was proposed,and the effects of dead-pixel compensation algorithms were compared and analyzed under different parameter conditions.The experimental results show thatαparticle response signal has highest accuracy at 9 dB gain,with an obvious“target-ring”distribution.With increasing cumulative dose,the CMOS APS pedestal tends to saturation while dead pixels continue increasing.Though some pixel damage recovers through natural annealing,the dead-to-noise ratio increases with irradiation time,reaching 32.54%after 72 h.A hierarchical clustering dead-pixel detection method is proposed,categorizing pixels into two types:those within and outside the response event.A classification compensation strategy combining mean and majority filtering is proposed.This compensation algorithm can address dead-pixel interference without affectingαparticle radiation response data.When iterated multiple times and with integration time exceeding 6.31 ms,the number of dead pixels can be effectively reduced.展开更多
The immune system is a complex protective network that is tightly controlled to protect and defend the host.Inflammation is a precisely regulated response that is crucial for host defense,while dysregulation can lead ...The immune system is a complex protective network that is tightly controlled to protect and defend the host.Inflammation is a precisely regulated response that is crucial for host defense,while dysregulation can lead to tissue damage and systemic diseases.Defining the mechanisms that initiate,amplify,and resolve inflammation is crucial for understanding our complex immune system.The inflammasome,a multiprotein complex that functions as a sensor,plays a key role in regulating this inflammatory response.Inflammasomes act as molecular platforms that integrate upstream danger signals,catalyze the activation of caspase-1,and drive the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1βand IL-18.These inflammatory cytokines are released through pyroptosis,a lytic form of programmed cell death that eliminates infected or damaged cells while simultaneously propagating inflammation through the release of cytokines or chemokines[1].展开更多
Polymer matrix composites with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses are in high demand for flexible electronics.However,simultaneously satisfying these requirements poses a significant scientific challe...Polymer matrix composites with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses are in high demand for flexible electronics.However,simultaneously satisfying these requirements poses a significant scientific challenge owing to the intrinsic trade-off relationship.Herein,we utilized the in situ controllable reduction of graphene oxide(GO)within a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)(P(VDF-Tr FE-CFE))matrix to regulate the dielectric properties.The as-obtained composite exhibited a high relative dielectric constant of 1415coupled with a low loss tangent of 0.380 at 100 Hz.Experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the increased degree of electron conjugation and conductivity of the reduced GO(RGO)are responsible for the high-k.The constrained reduction degree of GO,combined with its homogeneous dispersion in the polymer matrix,effectively suppresses long-range charge carrier migration,thereby minimizing dielectric loss.This novel strategy could be successfully applied to both organic and aqueous systems.Furthermore,a high-performance flexible capacitive proximity sensor was exemplified by the optimization of both the dielectric layer and electrode pattern,exhibiting excellent sensitivity and stability.The fundamental mechanisms elucidated in this study provide crucial design principles for developing dielectric PMCs with tailored properties,thereby opening new avenues for advanced flexible electronic applications.展开更多
Wearable sensors have revolutionized health monitoring by transitioning from clinical diagnostics to continuous,real-time applications in daily life.The oral cavity,rich in saliva containing over 1,000 biomarkers that...Wearable sensors have revolutionized health monitoring by transitioning from clinical diagnostics to continuous,real-time applications in daily life.The oral cavity,rich in saliva containing over 1,000 biomarkers that reflect systemic health(e.g.,glucose,cortisol,and inflammatory markers)[1],offers the advantage of non-invasive sampling.Its superior environmental stability and strong connection to key physiological processes make it an ideal candidate in the field of digital medicine,serving as a natural gateway to personalized health monitoring.Therefore,the oral cavity represents not only a convenient sampling site but also a strategic interface for realizing the vision of continuous,personalized digital health monitoring.展开更多
Sensor noise is a critical factor that degrades the performance of image processing systems.In traditional computing systems,noise correction is implemented in the digital domain,resulting in redundant latency and pow...Sensor noise is a critical factor that degrades the performance of image processing systems.In traditional computing systems,noise correction is implemented in the digital domain,resulting in redundant latency and power consumption overhead in the analog-to-digital conversion.In this work,we propose an analog-domain image correction architecture based on a proposed small-scale UNet,which implements a compact noise correction network within a one-transistor-one-memristor(1T1R)array.The statistical non-idealities of the fabricated 1T1R array(e.g.,device variability)are rigorously incorporated into the network's training and inference simulations.This correction network architecture leverages memristors for conducting multiply-accumulate operations aimed at rectifying non-uniform noise,defective pixels(stuck-at-bright/dark),and exposure mismatch.Compared to systems without correction,the proposed architecture achieves up to 50.13%improvement in recognition accuracy while demonstrating robust tolerance to memristor device-level errors.The proposed system achieves a 2.13-fold latency reduction and three orders of magnitude higher energy efficiency compared to conventional architecture.This work establishes a new paradigm for advancing the development of low-power,low-latency,and high-precision image processing systems.展开更多
Fiber-optic sensing technology has the advantages of passivity, anti-electromagnetic interference, longdistancemeasurement, high sensitivity and high accuracy, small size, and adaptability to harsh environments such a...Fiber-optic sensing technology has the advantages of passivity, anti-electromagnetic interference, longdistancemeasurement, high sensitivity and high accuracy, small size, and adaptability to harsh environments such ashigh-vacuum, high-pressure, and strong magnetic fields compared with the traditional electrical sensing technology.However, with the increasing application requirements, how to further improve the sensitivity of fiber-optic sensors,extend the detection limit and improve the maintenance-free capability has become one of the core issues of thecurrent research. This paper reviews the principle, preparation, and application of fiber-optic microstructured sensingbased on abrupt field type. It specifically outlines the development and applications of micro-nano optical fibers,photonic crystal optical fibers, optical fiber gratings and structured optical fibers, and lists the main preparationmethods of two types of micro-nano optical fibers from the basic theory of optical fiber microstructured sensordevices.展开更多
Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart...Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.展开更多
This study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide-range sensor,addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurem...This study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide-range sensor,addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurement range.Inspired by the structure of bamboo slips,we introduce a novel approach that utilises liquid metal to modulate the electrical pathways within a cracked platinum fabric electrode.The resulting sensor demonstrates a gauge factor greater than 108 and a strain measurement capability exceeding 100%.The integration of patterned liquid metal enables customisable tuning of the sensor’s response,while the porous fabric structure ensures superior comfort and air permeability for the wearer.Our design not only optimises the sensor’s performance but also enhances the electrical stability that is essential for practical applications.Through systematic investigation,we reveal the intrinsic mechanisms governing the sensor’s response,offering valuable insights for the design of wearable strain sensors.The sensor’s exceptional performance across a spectrum of applications,from micro-strain to large-strain detection,highlights its potential for a wide range of real-world uses,demonstrating a significant advancement in the field of flexible electronics.展开更多
文摘We demonstrate a fiber-loop ring down multi-function sensors system, which can be used to measure refractive index and curvature simultaneously. Good agreement has been found between theoretical analyses and experimental results. It has great potential for sensor applications.
基金Supported by the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory on Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology,China(No.2021LSYS004)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials and Green Energy,China(No.2024B1212010003)。
文摘Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures,complex operations,and delayed results.Colorimetric analysis techniques have gained attention in recent years due to their advantages of short analysis time,simple operation,and suitability for on-site testing.This study successfully developed a series of colorimetric sensor platforms for biogenic amines by loading the natural active ingredient curcumin(CUR)and its derivative of Boron complex BFCUR onto filter paper and electrospun nanofibre films(ENFs),respectively.By analyzing the color response differences of these sensors upon contact with biogenic amines,the colorimetric sensors with superior detection performance were selected and further applied to the visual monitoring and indication of shrimp spoilage processes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3809800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172249,52525601)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Talents Program(E2290701)the Jiangsu Province Talents Program(JSSCRC2023545)the Special Fund Project of Carbon Peaking Carbon Neutrality Science and Technology Innovation of Jiangsu Province(BE2022011).
文摘Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexible fiber sensors.Through the preform-tofiber manufacturing technique,a variety of fiber sensors with complex functionalities spanning from the nanoscale to kilometer scale can be automated in a short time.Examples include temperature,acoustic,mechanical,chemical,biological,optoelectronic,and multifunctional sensors,which operate on diverse sensing principles such as resistance,capacitance,piezoelectricity,triboelectricity,photoelectricity,and thermoelectricity.This review outlines the principles of the thermal drawing process and provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in various thermally drawn fiber sensors.Finally,the future developments of thermally drawn fiber sensors are discussed.
基金financially supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.ZR2022MB051 and ZR2021MB112)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2022M712343)+2 种基金Jinan City University Integration Development Strategy Project(No.JNSX2024030)Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregates of the Ministry of Education,Shandong University(No.JJT-2023-02)Shandong SD-Link New Material Technology Co.,LTD.
文摘Silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives(Si-PSAs)are valued for their thermal stability,flexibility,and biocompatibility,but their weak bonding strength restricts high-performance use.Polyurethane-modified Si-PSAs enhance adhesion,however diisocyanates remain essential.The raw materials of isocyanates are toxic,and their synthesis involves phosgene.To make up for those shortcomings,a series of poly(hydroxy urethane-siloxane)PSAs,named as PHUSi here,were synthesized through the ring-opening reaction of cyclic carbonate-functionalized polysiloxanes(PSi_(x)-VEC_(z))with various aliphatic diamines.The PSi_(x)-VEC_(z) precursors were prepared via the hydrosilylation of hydrogen-containing polysiloxanes(PSi_(x)-H_(y))with 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one(VEC).The chemical structures of PSi_(x)-H_(y),PSi_(x)-VEC_(z) and PHUSi were characterized,and bonding properties of PHUSi were systematically evaluated.The influence of architectures on adhesive performance was elucidated through comprehensive analyses,including rheology,crosslink density assessment,and so on.These studies revealed that the tailored design of PHUSi adhesives combine the advantages of traditional Si-PSAs with enhanced adhesion while eliminating isocyanate toxicity.The optimized PHUSi formulation achieved remarkable 180°peel strength(76.5 N/m on skin)and maximum probe tack force(1.61 N),enabling secure 24 h attachment of flexible sensors to skin.These properties make PHUSi particularly suitable for medical applications,as demonstrated by successful implementation in flexible electrocardiogram devices,offering a biocompatible,high-performance adhesive.
基金supported by the NSFC(12474071)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024YQ051,ZR2025QB50)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011191)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1402200,23YF1402400)funded by Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20240424)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials(KF2406)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tsqn202408006,tsqn202507058)Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QTB002)the Qilu Young Scholar Program of Shandong University。
文摘As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.
文摘Figure 6(a)in the paper[Chin.Phys.B 33074203(2024)]was incorrect due to editorial oversight.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(RS-2024-00333650)supported by basic science research program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2019R1A6A1A11055660)+1 种基金supported by the Technology Innovation Program(“20013621”,Center for Super Critical Material Industrial Technology)funded By the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)supported by Strategic Networking&Development Program funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea(RS-2023-00268523)。
文摘Gas sensors are valuable tools for human applications,and extensive research has been conducted in this field.However,practical implementation has yet to be fully realized.In response,efforts have been made to explore metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),a novel class of porous materials,as potential solutions.MOFs exhibit exceptional porosity and highly tunable chemical compositions and structures,giving rise to a wide range of unique physical and chemical properties.Significant progress has been achieved in developing MOF-based gas sensors,improving sensing performance for various gases.This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MOF-based gas sensors,even for readers unfamiliar with MOFs and gas sensors.It covers the working principles of these sensors,fundamental concepts of MOFs,strategies for tuning MOF properties,fabrication techniques for MOF films,and recent studies on MOF and MOF-derivative gas sensors.Finally,current challenges,overlooked aspects,and future directions for fully exploiting the potential of MOFs in gas sensor development are discussed.
文摘The development of intrinsically conductive piezoresistive sensors with high strain tolerance has garnered significant interest.While elastomeric polymers exhibit excellent strain capabilities,their utility in sensing applications has been limited by inherent challenges such as high electrical resistivity,poor aging resistance,and interfacial incompatibility.To address these limitations,hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)-based polyurethane was chemically modified with acetylferrocene-polyaniline conductive moieties to enhance charge transport properties.Remarkably,this covalent functionalization endowed the resulting ferrocene-polyaniline hybrid polyurethane(FPHP)with a conductivity of2.33 n A at 1 V bias while preserving piezoresistive functionality.The FPHP demonstrated exceptional mechanical-electrical performance,achieving 254% elongation at break with strain-dependent gauge factors of 7.28(0%-12.5% strain,R^(2)=0.9504)and 19.66(12.5%-35.0% strain,R^(2)=0.9929).Further characterization revealed a rapid 0.60 s response time and stability over 3500 strain-release cycles at compression strain,underscoring its durability under repetitive loading.The FPHP sensor was capable of monitoring various human movements and recognizing writing signals.These advances establish a materials design paradigm for fabricating flexible sensors that synergistically integrate high deformability,tunable sensitivity,and robust operational stability,positioning FPHP as a promising candidate for next-generation wearable electronics and soft robotics.
基金supported by startup funding from Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
文摘Zinc oxide(ZnO)films,as representative piezoelectric semiconductors,have garnered considerable interest in ultrasonic testing.Current research challenges include maintaining the consistency of continuous c-axis orientation and determining the fundamental link between the electrical structure and piezoelectric response.Accordingly,we have proposed ZnO films incorporated with an orientation-inducing layer(OIL),utilizing orientation induction and rapid deposition technology to regulate the growth structure of the ZnO films.Furthermore,the influence of the competitive mechanism between the film growth and lateral diffusion on the film's growth structure has been investigated.Piezoelectric force microscopy(PFM)analysis demonstrated the regulation and enhancement of ZnO piezoelectric polarization by the OIL.The enhancement mechanism of OIL on film performance was revealed via experimental examination of the film structure,morphology,crystallization orientation,oxygen vacancies,carrier concentration,band structure,and density of states based on density functional theory(DFT).Benefiting from the superior electromechanical response of the ZnO OIL sensor,characterized by fast response recovery times of 2.4 ms/7.7 ms and a sensitivity of 1.09 V/N,the device has successfully demonstrated practical applications in both motion pressure detection and bolt axial force measurement.These findings provide new insights into the ultrasonic detection for aerospace applications of ZnO OIL piezoelectric devices and demonstrate significant potential for health monitoring in connection systems.
文摘In this study,the multi-scale(meso and macro)modelling was used to predict the electric response of the material.Porosity was introduced through a sugar-templating process to enhance compressibility and sensitivity.Mean-field homogenization was employed to predict the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites,which was validated experimentally through I–V characterisation,confirming stable Ohmic behavior.The homogenised material parameters were incorporated into COMSOLMultiphysics to simulate diaphragmdeflection and capacitance variation under applied pressure.Experimental results showed a linear and stable capacitance response at the force magnitude of 0–7 N.The Graphene nanoplatelets(GnP)–Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)sensor demonstrated superior sensitivity(0.0032 pF/N)compared to the CNT–PDMS sensor(0.0019 pF/N),attributed to improved filler dispersion and higher effective surface area of GnP.Finite element simulations were further conducted to evaluate stress distribution in a GnP–PDMS-based capacitive sensor integrated into a shoe insole for gait analysis.The results correlated well with experimental capacitance changes,validating the sensor’s mechanical reliability and pressure sensitivity.This comparative study establishes the GnP–PDMS composite as a more effective candidate for low-cost,biocompatible,and high-performance flexible pressure sensors in wearable biomedical and gait monitoring applications.
文摘Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 52175281,52475315)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2021382)。
文摘The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show clinical potential,their development has been hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between high sensitivity and full-range linearity(R^(2)>0.99 up to 1 MPa)in conventional designs.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of human skin,where dermal stratification enables wide-range pressure adaptation and ion-channelregulated signaling maintains linear electrical responses,we developed a dual-mechanism flexible iontronic pressure sensor(FIPS).This innovative design synergistically combines two bioinspired components:interdigitated fabric microstructures enabling pressure-proportional contact area expansion(αP1/3)and iontronic film facilitating self-adaptive ion concentration modulation(αP^(2/3)),which together generate a linear capacitance-pressure response(CαP).The FIPS achieves breakthrough performance:242 kPa^(-1)sensitivity with 0.997linearity across 0-1 MPa,yielding a record linear sensing factor(LSF=242,000).The design is validated across various substrates and ionic materials,demonstrating its versatility.Finally,the FIPS-driven design enables a smart insole demonstrating 1.8%error in tibial load assessment during gait analysis,outperforming nonlinear counterparts(6.5%error)in early fracture-risk prediction.The biomimetic design framework establishes a universal approach for developing high-performance linear sensors,establishing generalized principles for medical-grade wearable devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11905102)Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project(No.QL20230234)。
文摘In this study,the mechanism and characteristics of the responseαparticles and the damage caused by them in CMOS active pixel(APS)sensors were investigated.A detection and compensation algorithm for dead pixels caused byαparticle ionizing radiation was proposed,and the effects of dead-pixel compensation algorithms were compared and analyzed under different parameter conditions.The experimental results show thatαparticle response signal has highest accuracy at 9 dB gain,with an obvious“target-ring”distribution.With increasing cumulative dose,the CMOS APS pedestal tends to saturation while dead pixels continue increasing.Though some pixel damage recovers through natural annealing,the dead-to-noise ratio increases with irradiation time,reaching 32.54%after 72 h.A hierarchical clustering dead-pixel detection method is proposed,categorizing pixels into two types:those within and outside the response event.A classification compensation strategy combining mean and majority filtering is proposed.This compensation algorithm can address dead-pixel interference without affectingαparticle radiation response data.When iterated multiple times and with integration time exceeding 6.31 ms,the number of dead pixels can be effectively reduced.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(2022R1C1C1007544,2024M3A9H5043152 to S.L.)a grant from the Korea Drug Development Fund funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT+7 种基金the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energythe Ministry of Health and Welfare(RS-2025--02222987 to S.L.)a grant from the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea,under the Korea Health Technology R&D Project(RS-2022--KH128422(HV22C015600)to S.L.)the Institute for Basic Science(IBS),Republic of Korea(IBS-R801--D9-A09,IBS-R801-D1-2025-a02 to S.L.)supported by the Circle Foundation(Republic of Korea)through the selection of the UNIST Pandemic Treatment Research Center as the 2023 Circle Foundation Innovative Science Technology Center(2023 TCF Innovative Science Project-01 to S.L.)Additionally,this study received funding from the Republic of Korea’s National Institute of Health(Project No.#2025ER160200,#2025ER240100 to S.L.)Additional support was provided by research funds from the Ulsan National Institute of Science&Technology(UNIST)(1.220112.01,1.220107.01 to S.L.)a grant from Yuhan Corporation(S.L.).
文摘The immune system is a complex protective network that is tightly controlled to protect and defend the host.Inflammation is a precisely regulated response that is crucial for host defense,while dysregulation can lead to tissue damage and systemic diseases.Defining the mechanisms that initiate,amplify,and resolve inflammation is crucial for understanding our complex immune system.The inflammasome,a multiprotein complex that functions as a sensor,plays a key role in regulating this inflammatory response.Inflammasomes act as molecular platforms that integrate upstream danger signals,catalyze the activation of caspase-1,and drive the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1βand IL-18.These inflammatory cytokines are released through pyroptosis,a lytic form of programmed cell death that eliminates infected or damaged cells while simultaneously propagating inflammation through the release of cytokines or chemokines[1].
基金financially supported by the Innovation and Technology Commission of the Hong Kong SAR Government(No.MRP/020/21)Hong Kong Polytechnic University(No.847A)+1 种基金RI-Wear Seed Fund of Poly U(1-CD8J)Start-up Fund of Poly U(1-BD49)。
文摘Polymer matrix composites with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses are in high demand for flexible electronics.However,simultaneously satisfying these requirements poses a significant scientific challenge owing to the intrinsic trade-off relationship.Herein,we utilized the in situ controllable reduction of graphene oxide(GO)within a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)(P(VDF-Tr FE-CFE))matrix to regulate the dielectric properties.The as-obtained composite exhibited a high relative dielectric constant of 1415coupled with a low loss tangent of 0.380 at 100 Hz.Experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the increased degree of electron conjugation and conductivity of the reduced GO(RGO)are responsible for the high-k.The constrained reduction degree of GO,combined with its homogeneous dispersion in the polymer matrix,effectively suppresses long-range charge carrier migration,thereby minimizing dielectric loss.This novel strategy could be successfully applied to both organic and aqueous systems.Furthermore,a high-performance flexible capacitive proximity sensor was exemplified by the optimization of both the dielectric layer and electrode pattern,exhibiting excellent sensitivity and stability.The fundamental mechanisms elucidated in this study provide crucial design principles for developing dielectric PMCs with tailored properties,thereby opening new avenues for advanced flexible electronic applications.
基金support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2021A1515110388,2024A1515011707)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(No.2024A04J5195)Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation(Nos.JCYJ20230807111120043).
文摘Wearable sensors have revolutionized health monitoring by transitioning from clinical diagnostics to continuous,real-time applications in daily life.The oral cavity,rich in saliva containing over 1,000 biomarkers that reflect systemic health(e.g.,glucose,cortisol,and inflammatory markers)[1],offers the advantage of non-invasive sampling.Its superior environmental stability and strong connection to key physiological processes make it an ideal candidate in the field of digital medicine,serving as a natural gateway to personalized health monitoring.Therefore,the oral cavity represents not only a convenient sampling site but also a strategic interface for realizing the vision of continuous,personalized digital health monitoring.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1208800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62404253,62304254,U23A20322)。
文摘Sensor noise is a critical factor that degrades the performance of image processing systems.In traditional computing systems,noise correction is implemented in the digital domain,resulting in redundant latency and power consumption overhead in the analog-to-digital conversion.In this work,we propose an analog-domain image correction architecture based on a proposed small-scale UNet,which implements a compact noise correction network within a one-transistor-one-memristor(1T1R)array.The statistical non-idealities of the fabricated 1T1R array(e.g.,device variability)are rigorously incorporated into the network's training and inference simulations.This correction network architecture leverages memristors for conducting multiply-accumulate operations aimed at rectifying non-uniform noise,defective pixels(stuck-at-bright/dark),and exposure mismatch.Compared to systems without correction,the proposed architecture achieves up to 50.13%improvement in recognition accuracy while demonstrating robust tolerance to memristor device-level errors.The proposed system achieves a 2.13-fold latency reduction and three orders of magnitude higher energy efficiency compared to conventional architecture.This work establishes a new paradigm for advancing the development of low-power,low-latency,and high-precision image processing systems.
基金support by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51606158, 12104402)
文摘Fiber-optic sensing technology has the advantages of passivity, anti-electromagnetic interference, longdistancemeasurement, high sensitivity and high accuracy, small size, and adaptability to harsh environments such ashigh-vacuum, high-pressure, and strong magnetic fields compared with the traditional electrical sensing technology.However, with the increasing application requirements, how to further improve the sensitivity of fiber-optic sensors,extend the detection limit and improve the maintenance-free capability has become one of the core issues of thecurrent research. This paper reviews the principle, preparation, and application of fiber-optic microstructured sensingbased on abrupt field type. It specifically outlines the development and applications of micro-nano optical fibers,photonic crystal optical fibers, optical fiber gratings and structured optical fibers, and lists the main preparationmethods of two types of micro-nano optical fibers from the basic theory of optical fiber microstructured sensordevices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376159)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3200700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.0214100221,51925503).
文摘This study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide-range sensor,addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurement range.Inspired by the structure of bamboo slips,we introduce a novel approach that utilises liquid metal to modulate the electrical pathways within a cracked platinum fabric electrode.The resulting sensor demonstrates a gauge factor greater than 108 and a strain measurement capability exceeding 100%.The integration of patterned liquid metal enables customisable tuning of the sensor’s response,while the porous fabric structure ensures superior comfort and air permeability for the wearer.Our design not only optimises the sensor’s performance but also enhances the electrical stability that is essential for practical applications.Through systematic investigation,we reveal the intrinsic mechanisms governing the sensor’s response,offering valuable insights for the design of wearable strain sensors.The sensor’s exceptional performance across a spectrum of applications,from micro-strain to large-strain detection,highlights its potential for a wide range of real-world uses,demonstrating a significant advancement in the field of flexible electronics.
