<strong>Background: </strong>Given the increase in the numbers of expatriates in Saudi Arabia and the shortage of information about expatriates’ oral health and periodontal disease severity and progressio...<strong>Background: </strong>Given the increase in the numbers of expatriates in Saudi Arabia and the shortage of information about expatriates’ oral health and periodontal disease severity and progression. <strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the racial differences on oral health and periodontal disease extent, staging, and grading among the multi-ethnic expatriates in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 expatriates in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. They were divided into three equal racial different groups (n = 100), Arabs (AR), Asians (AS), and Africans (AF). The interviews of all participants were completed then the clinical examinations of periodontal diseases extent, staging, and grading parameters were performed. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA test, Tukey’s test, and Chi-square test. The statistical significance level was determined at p < 0.05. <strong>Results: </strong>There were statistically significant differences in the comparison between the three ethnic/racial groups in clinical parameters except in GBI, PCR, FI, TFO, and BC, where there were no statistically significant differences in the comparison between the three ethnic/racial groups. There were differences associated with age, gender, smoking, and diabetes, without statistically significant differences among the three racial groups.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> We concluded that most participants in this study had a generalized severe grade 4 plaque-induced gingivitis and localized periodontitis stage III grade B.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Genotypes of hepatitis C virus （HCV） are distributed differently across the world. There is a paucity of such data in a multi-ethnic Asian population like Malaysia. The objectives of this study were to ...BACKGROUND： Genotypes of hepatitis C virus （HCV） are distributed differently across the world. There is a paucity of such data in a multi-ethnic Asian population like Malaysia. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of HCV genotypes between major ethnic groups and to ascer- tain their association with basic demographic variables like age and gender.展开更多
Human genetic variants have long been known to play an important role in both Mendelian disorders and common diseases. Notably, pathogenic variants are not limited to single-nucleotide variants. It has become apparent...Human genetic variants have long been known to play an important role in both Mendelian disorders and common diseases. Notably, pathogenic variants are not limited to single-nucleotide variants. It has become apparent that human diseases can also be caused by copy number variations （CNVs）, especially patient- specific novel CNVs （lafrate et al., 2004; Sebat et al., 2004; Redon et al., 2006; LuDski, 2007; Zhan~ et al.. 2009： Wu et al.. 2015）.展开更多
It is a scorching summer in Huocheng County, Yining City, northwest China＇s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Sarim Airsha and his wife Zhang Jinhua are preparing lunch in their kitchen close to the green vineyard. T...It is a scorching summer in Huocheng County, Yining City, northwest China＇s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Sarim Airsha and his wife Zhang Jinhua are preparing lunch in their kitchen close to the green vineyard. They share the cook- ing： Sarim slices carrots into small pieces on the chopping board, while Zhang cleans展开更多
The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region （also called Xinjiang for short）, situated in the border area of northwest China and the hinterland of the Eurasian Continent, occupies an area of 1.6649 million sq km, accountin...The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region （also called Xinjiang for short）, situated in the border area of northwest China and the hinterland of the Eurasian Continent, occupies an area of 1.6649 million sq km, accounting for one sixth of Chinese territory. It has a land border of 5,600 km bounded by eight countries. It was an important section of the ancient Silk Road. According to statistics,展开更多
Objective:Fengqing County,situated in Yunnan Province,is a high-altitude region known for its ethnic diversity and a notably high prevalence of pterygium.As a key area for Sun Yat-sen University's poverty alleviat...Objective:Fengqing County,situated in Yunnan Province,is a high-altitude region known for its ethnic diversity and a notably high prevalence of pterygium.As a key area for Sun Yat-sen University's poverty alleviation initiatives,this study aims to investigate the unique characteristics of pterygium in specific region.Methods:We analyzed data from hospitalized patients admitted to the Ophthalmology department of the People's Hospital of Fengqing in 2023.The data were extracted from medical records through the hospital information system.The chi-square test was used for statistical comparison,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors influencing the onset of pterygium.A significance level of P<0.005 was set.Results:In 2023,out of 1137 ophthalmic inpatients,207(18.2%)underwent pterygium surgery.There was a significant female predominance,with a female-to-male ratio of 6.67:1(P<0.001).However,no significant ethnic variation was observed(P=0.57).The majority of patients were in the 46-55 age group(36.71%),and the recurrence rate was low at 1.71%.Female gender,increasing age,diabetes mellitus,age-related cataract,and meibomian gland dysfunction were identified as independent risk factors for pterygium in this region.Conclusion:Fengqing is likely to have intricate connections between the occurrence and treatment of pterygium and its local geography,culture,and socio-economic conditions.Medical assistance programs should take these factors into account and prioritize them in poverty alleviation initiatives.展开更多
Facial morphology,a complex trait influenced by genetics,holds great significance in evolutionary research.However,due to limited fossil evidence,the facial characteristics of Neanderthals and Denisovans have remained...Facial morphology,a complex trait influenced by genetics,holds great significance in evolutionary research.However,due to limited fossil evidence,the facial characteristics of Neanderthals and Denisovans have remained largely unknown.In this study,we conduct a large-scale multi-ethnic meta-analysis of the genome-wide association study(GWAS),including 9674 East Asians and 10,115 Europeans,quantitatively assessing 78 facial traits using 3D facial images.We identify 71 genomic loci associated with facial features,including 21 novel loci.We develop a facial polygenic score(FPS)that enables the prediction of facial features based on genetic information.Interestingly,the distribution of FPSs among populations from diverse continental groups exhibits relevant correlations with observed facial features.Furthermore,we apply the FPS to predict the facial traits of seven Neanderthals and one Denisovan using ancient DNA and align predictions with the fossil records.Our results suggest that Neanderthals and Denisovans likely share similar facial features,such as a wider but shorter nose and a wider endocanthion distance.The decreased mouth width is characterized specifically in Denisovans.The integration of genomic data and facial trait analysis provides valuable insights into the evolutionary history and adaptive changes in human facial morphology.展开更多
In the process of establishing the system of ethnic regional autonomy,the implementation of socialist principles has been crucial.It has required the implementation of the mass line,the cultivation of minority ethnic ...In the process of establishing the system of ethnic regional autonomy,the implementation of socialist principles has been crucial.It has required the implementation of the mass line,the cultivation of minority ethnic cadres,and successfully facilitated direct communication between the central government and people of all ethnic groups.By allowing people of all ethnic groups to take charge of their own affairs and improving their welfare through socialist political measures,it has fostered a deep-seated identification among the people of various ethnic groups with the Party and the state.Through institutional frameworks such as the principle of ethnic equality,socialist economic systems,and specific practical approaches,China has achieved great unity among its people.Based on the foundational principles of a socialist unitary state,the people's republic,and the leadership of the Communist Party of China,ethnic regional autonomy has successfully unified the diverse ethnic groups within the nation into an organic wholethe"Chinese people."This process has contributed to building a unified multi-ethnic state that promotes communication,garners recognition,achieves unity,and strengthens national unity,representing a qualitative leap in state-building since the late Qing Dynasty,fundamentally rooted in the socialist system of the country.展开更多
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression(1931-1945),multiethnic intellectuals further explored and solidified the evidential foundation of the common ancestor and shared origin of the Chinese nation th...During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression(1931-1945),multiethnic intellectuals further explored and solidified the evidential foundation of the common ancestor and shared origin of the Chinese nation through archaeological excavation of Peking Man,as well as studies into the historical geography and history of Pamirs Plateau.In addition to diachronic research methods,multi-ethnic intellectuals attached great importance to applying multi-disciplines introduced into modern China such as ethnology,linguistics,and sociology,to explore the common origin of various ethnic groups in China from the synchronic perspectives of physique,language,and culture.Furthermore,local knowledge widely spread in the areas of frontier ethnicities,such as brotherhood legends and ancestral memories,also offered important evidence for the theory of the common origin of the Chinese nation.This important topic concerning the formation of the modern concept of the Chinese nation still needs to be re-evaluated,examined and explored in depth in the context of the development of academic history and intellectual history in modern China.展开更多
This article focuses on the long-term transformation in the core urban area of Shenyang from the early Qing Dynasty to the end of World War II.Despite it uses urban development as a case study,this is not research of ...This article focuses on the long-term transformation in the core urban area of Shenyang from the early Qing Dynasty to the end of World War II.Despite it uses urban development as a case study,this is not research of urban history.Rather,the article reveals the unique path of Northeast China entering modernity through the spatial arrangement of different time periods in urban settings.The core academic inquiry is how the Manchurian frontier was incorporated into the narrative of a unified multi-ethnic community of"modern China."The article proposes that the changes in the urban configuration of Shenyang vividly reflect the diverse variations of Manchurian modernity.From being an ordinary garrison city in the Ming Dynasty to the largest city outside the Great Wall in the Qing Dynasty,and eventually becoming the most important industrial and commercial center in Northeast China and the whole country in the 20th century,the urban development of Shenyang encompasses a series of significant themes in the formation,transformation,and reshaping of modern China.One continuous phenomenon,which is a pair of seemingly contradictory dynamic trajectories,is Manchuria(or Northeast China)being continually identified as a special"frontier"and the gradual disappearance of the"marginality"of this frontier.Through the case study of the urbanization of Shenyang,the article suggests a possible theoretical framework:"de-marginalized frontier,"to understand modern Northeast China.展开更多
Mr.Fei Xiaotong once pointed out that Han people has played a central cohesive role in the formation of the unified multi-ethnic Chinese nation.The emergence and popularization of the concept of“Chinese nation"i...Mr.Fei Xiaotong once pointed out that Han people has played a central cohesive role in the formation of the unified multi-ethnic Chinese nation.The emergence and popularization of the concept of“Chinese nation"is itself a manifestation of national cohesion.The history of unified multi-ethnic Chinese nation since the Qin and Han dynasties has laid the foundation of the community for Chinese nation.The building of the community for the Chinese nation is both a realistic subject and a historical process.Since its founding,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has been committed to pushing forward the establishment of a community for the Chinese nation.The ultimate purpose of fostering a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation,standing firmly with“Five Identities",and enhancing our identity with and pride in the Chinese nation,is to improve national cohesion of China.A community for the Chinese nation is a critical expression for Chinese national cohesion;and to push forward the establishment of a community for the Chinese nation in the new era is one of the key measures to improve Chinese national cohesion.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Given the increase in the numbers of expatriates in Saudi Arabia and the shortage of information about expatriates’ oral health and periodontal disease severity and progression. <strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the racial differences on oral health and periodontal disease extent, staging, and grading among the multi-ethnic expatriates in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 expatriates in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. They were divided into three equal racial different groups (n = 100), Arabs (AR), Asians (AS), and Africans (AF). The interviews of all participants were completed then the clinical examinations of periodontal diseases extent, staging, and grading parameters were performed. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA test, Tukey’s test, and Chi-square test. The statistical significance level was determined at p < 0.05. <strong>Results: </strong>There were statistically significant differences in the comparison between the three ethnic/racial groups in clinical parameters except in GBI, PCR, FI, TFO, and BC, where there were no statistically significant differences in the comparison between the three ethnic/racial groups. There were differences associated with age, gender, smoking, and diabetes, without statistically significant differences among the three racial groups.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> We concluded that most participants in this study had a generalized severe grade 4 plaque-induced gingivitis and localized periodontitis stage III grade B.
基金supported by University of Malaya High Impact Research grant(UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/MED/31)
文摘BACKGROUND： Genotypes of hepatitis C virus （HCV） are distributed differently across the world. There is a paucity of such data in a multi-ethnic Asian population like Malaysia. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of HCV genotypes between major ethnic groups and to ascer- tain their association with basic demographic variables like age and gender.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB944600)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0905100)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31521003,31625015,31571297,31601046,31525014 and 91331204)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.16YF1413900)
文摘Human genetic variants have long been known to play an important role in both Mendelian disorders and common diseases. Notably, pathogenic variants are not limited to single-nucleotide variants. It has become apparent that human diseases can also be caused by copy number variations （CNVs）, especially patient- specific novel CNVs （lafrate et al., 2004; Sebat et al., 2004; Redon et al., 2006; LuDski, 2007; Zhan~ et al.. 2009： Wu et al.. 2015）.
文摘It is a scorching summer in Huocheng County, Yining City, northwest China＇s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Sarim Airsha and his wife Zhang Jinhua are preparing lunch in their kitchen close to the green vineyard. They share the cook- ing： Sarim slices carrots into small pieces on the chopping board, while Zhang cleans
文摘The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region （also called Xinjiang for short）, situated in the border area of northwest China and the hinterland of the Eurasian Continent, occupies an area of 1.6649 million sq km, accounting for one sixth of Chinese territory. It has a land border of 5,600 km bounded by eight countries. It was an important section of the ancient Silk Road. According to statistics,
基金supported by Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Major Blinding Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment(2024-YXGG-016).
文摘Objective:Fengqing County,situated in Yunnan Province,is a high-altitude region known for its ethnic diversity and a notably high prevalence of pterygium.As a key area for Sun Yat-sen University's poverty alleviation initiatives,this study aims to investigate the unique characteristics of pterygium in specific region.Methods:We analyzed data from hospitalized patients admitted to the Ophthalmology department of the People's Hospital of Fengqing in 2023.The data were extracted from medical records through the hospital information system.The chi-square test was used for statistical comparison,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors influencing the onset of pterygium.A significance level of P<0.005 was set.Results:In 2023,out of 1137 ophthalmic inpatients,207(18.2%)underwent pterygium surgery.There was a significant female predominance,with a female-to-male ratio of 6.67:1(P<0.001).However,no significant ethnic variation was observed(P=0.57).The majority of patients were in the 46-55 age group(36.71%),and the recurrence rate was low at 1.71%.Female gender,increasing age,diabetes mellitus,age-related cataract,and meibomian gland dysfunction were identified as independent risk factors for pterygium in this region.Conclusion:Fengqing is likely to have intricate connections between the occurrence and treatment of pterygium and its local geography,culture,and socio-economic conditions.Medical assistance programs should take these factors into account and prioritize them in poverty alleviation initiatives.
基金funded by the following grants and contracts:Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB38020400 to S.W.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32325013 to S.W.,32271186 to J.T.,31900408 to M.Z.)+5 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-077 to S.W.)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Excellent Academic Leaders Program(22XD1424700 to S.W.)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-066 to L.J.and J.W.)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01 to L.J.and S.W.)the National Science and Technology Basic Research Project(2015FY111700 to L.J.)the 111 Project(B13016 to L.J.).
文摘Facial morphology,a complex trait influenced by genetics,holds great significance in evolutionary research.However,due to limited fossil evidence,the facial characteristics of Neanderthals and Denisovans have remained largely unknown.In this study,we conduct a large-scale multi-ethnic meta-analysis of the genome-wide association study(GWAS),including 9674 East Asians and 10,115 Europeans,quantitatively assessing 78 facial traits using 3D facial images.We identify 71 genomic loci associated with facial features,including 21 novel loci.We develop a facial polygenic score(FPS)that enables the prediction of facial features based on genetic information.Interestingly,the distribution of FPSs among populations from diverse continental groups exhibits relevant correlations with observed facial features.Furthermore,we apply the FPS to predict the facial traits of seven Neanderthals and one Denisovan using ancient DNA and align predictions with the fossil records.Our results suggest that Neanderthals and Denisovans likely share similar facial features,such as a wider but shorter nose and a wider endocanthion distance.The decreased mouth width is characterized specifically in Denisovans.The integration of genomic data and facial trait analysis provides valuable insights into the evolutionary history and adaptive changes in human facial morphology.
文摘In the process of establishing the system of ethnic regional autonomy,the implementation of socialist principles has been crucial.It has required the implementation of the mass line,the cultivation of minority ethnic cadres,and successfully facilitated direct communication between the central government and people of all ethnic groups.By allowing people of all ethnic groups to take charge of their own affairs and improving their welfare through socialist political measures,it has fostered a deep-seated identification among the people of various ethnic groups with the Party and the state.Through institutional frameworks such as the principle of ethnic equality,socialist economic systems,and specific practical approaches,China has achieved great unity among its people.Based on the foundational principles of a socialist unitary state,the people's republic,and the leadership of the Communist Party of China,ethnic regional autonomy has successfully unified the diverse ethnic groups within the nation into an organic wholethe"Chinese people."This process has contributed to building a unified multi-ethnic state that promotes communication,garners recognition,achieves unity,and strengthens national unity,representing a qualitative leap in state-building since the late Qing Dynasty,fundamentally rooted in the socialist system of the country.
基金supported by the Special Fund from the Institute of Fostering a Strong Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation in Sichuan University.
文摘During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression(1931-1945),multiethnic intellectuals further explored and solidified the evidential foundation of the common ancestor and shared origin of the Chinese nation through archaeological excavation of Peking Man,as well as studies into the historical geography and history of Pamirs Plateau.In addition to diachronic research methods,multi-ethnic intellectuals attached great importance to applying multi-disciplines introduced into modern China such as ethnology,linguistics,and sociology,to explore the common origin of various ethnic groups in China from the synchronic perspectives of physique,language,and culture.Furthermore,local knowledge widely spread in the areas of frontier ethnicities,such as brotherhood legends and ancestral memories,also offered important evidence for the theory of the common origin of the Chinese nation.This important topic concerning the formation of the modern concept of the Chinese nation still needs to be re-evaluated,examined and explored in depth in the context of the development of academic history and intellectual history in modern China.
文摘This article focuses on the long-term transformation in the core urban area of Shenyang from the early Qing Dynasty to the end of World War II.Despite it uses urban development as a case study,this is not research of urban history.Rather,the article reveals the unique path of Northeast China entering modernity through the spatial arrangement of different time periods in urban settings.The core academic inquiry is how the Manchurian frontier was incorporated into the narrative of a unified multi-ethnic community of"modern China."The article proposes that the changes in the urban configuration of Shenyang vividly reflect the diverse variations of Manchurian modernity.From being an ordinary garrison city in the Ming Dynasty to the largest city outside the Great Wall in the Qing Dynasty,and eventually becoming the most important industrial and commercial center in Northeast China and the whole country in the 20th century,the urban development of Shenyang encompasses a series of significant themes in the formation,transformation,and reshaping of modern China.One continuous phenomenon,which is a pair of seemingly contradictory dynamic trajectories,is Manchuria(or Northeast China)being continually identified as a special"frontier"and the gradual disappearance of the"marginality"of this frontier.Through the case study of the urbanization of Shenyang,the article suggests a possible theoretical framework:"de-marginalized frontier,"to understand modern Northeast China.
文摘Mr.Fei Xiaotong once pointed out that Han people has played a central cohesive role in the formation of the unified multi-ethnic Chinese nation.The emergence and popularization of the concept of“Chinese nation"is itself a manifestation of national cohesion.The history of unified multi-ethnic Chinese nation since the Qin and Han dynasties has laid the foundation of the community for Chinese nation.The building of the community for the Chinese nation is both a realistic subject and a historical process.Since its founding,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has been committed to pushing forward the establishment of a community for the Chinese nation.The ultimate purpose of fostering a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation,standing firmly with“Five Identities",and enhancing our identity with and pride in the Chinese nation,is to improve national cohesion of China.A community for the Chinese nation is a critical expression for Chinese national cohesion;and to push forward the establishment of a community for the Chinese nation in the new era is one of the key measures to improve Chinese national cohesion.
