Accurate recognition of flight deck operations for carrier-based aircraft, based on operation trajectories, is critical for optimizing carrier-based aircraft performance. This recognition involves understanding short-...Accurate recognition of flight deck operations for carrier-based aircraft, based on operation trajectories, is critical for optimizing carrier-based aircraft performance. This recognition involves understanding short-term and long-term spatial collaborative relationships among support agents and positions from long spatial–temporal trajectories. While the existing methods excel at recognizing collaborative behaviors from short trajectories, they often struggle with long spatial–temporal trajectories. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a dynamic graph method to enhance flight deck operation recognition. First, spatial–temporal collaborative relationships are modeled as a dynamic graph. Second, a discretized and compressed method is proposed to assign values to the states of this dynamic graph. To extract features that represent diverse collaborative relationships among agents and account for the duration of these relationships, a biased random walk is then conducted. Subsequently, the Swin Transformer is employed to comprehend spatial–temporal collaborative relationships, and a fully connected layer is applied to deck operation recognition. Finally, to address the scarcity of real datasets, a simulation pipeline is introduced to generate deck operations in virtual flight deck scenarios. Experimental results on the simulation dataset demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.展开更多
Our concern is to investigate controlled remote implementation of partially unknown operations with multiple layers.We first propose a scheme to realize the remote implementation of singlequbit operations belonging to...Our concern is to investigate controlled remote implementation of partially unknown operations with multiple layers.We first propose a scheme to realize the remote implementation of singlequbit operations belonging to the restricted sets.Then,the proposed scheme is extended to the case of single-qudit operations.As long as the controller and the higher-layer senders consent,the receiver can restore the desired state remotely operated by the sender.It is worth mentioning that the recovery operation is deduced by general formulas which clearly reveal the relationship with the measurement outcomes.For the sake of clarity,two specific examples with two levels are given respectively.In addition,we discuss the influence of amplitude-damping noise and utilize weak measurement and measurement reversal to effectively resist noise.展开更多
Digital twin shows broad application prospects in the aerospace field.This paper introduces a generalized satellite digital twin system in detail.With the innovative design concepts of modularization,generalization an...Digital twin shows broad application prospects in the aerospace field.This paper introduces a generalized satellite digital twin system in detail.With the innovative design concepts of modularization,generalization and modeling,on the one hand,the system has successfully achieved the reuse of software modules among different satellite models;on the other hand,it has achieved the reuse of software modules between the digital twin and the testing system,significantly improving the development efficiency of the digital twin system.The paper elaborates on the technical architecture and application fields of this digital twin system,and further prospects its future development.At the same time,through a real inorbit case,the engineering value of the digital twin system is strongly demonstrated.展开更多
The global public HPC(high-power charging)network for EVs(electric vehicles)is rapidly expanding.This growth is crucial for supporting the increasing adoption of EVs but highlights the industry’s early stage.Regional...The global public HPC(high-power charging)network for EVs(electric vehicles)is rapidly expanding.This growth is crucial for supporting the increasing adoption of EVs but highlights the industry’s early stage.Regional maturity varies,with China leading due to strong government support,followed by Europe and the United States.A significant challenge is the lack of industry standards,causing inconsistencies in charger types and payment systems.Efforts are underway,to ensure interoperability and reliability.Interoperability is crucial for the success of EV HPC infrastructure,ensuring seamless integration among charge points,management systems,and service providers.Despite the use of protocols like the OCPP(Open Charge Point Protocol),variations in implementation create complexities.Ensuring uniform standards across the ecosystem is essential for reliability and efficiency.Vendor-specific error codes,which are more detailed than standardized codes,are vital for diagnosing issues but lack standardization,adding complexity.Addressing these challenges is key to supporting widespread EV adoption and enhancing user experience.To provide a compelling driver value proposition,EV charging services must be reliable and seamless.The operations and maintenance of the HPC network must be cost-effective and leverage the intelligence of the integrated ecosystem.The technical complexity of managing high-power DC charging,combined with diverse authentication and payment systems,results in numerous potential issues.Moving from reactive to predictive maintenance is essential for undisrupted operations and a smooth driver experience.Shell’s Intelligent Operations Technology Strategy incorporates GenAI elements in its advanced analytics and operational performance management tools.By ingesting big data from multiple sources across the EV ecosystem,Shell engineers can perform detailed pattern recognition and targeted troubleshooting.Monitoring,configurable alerting,and remote fixing based on auto-healing and targeted auto-allocation enhance charger availability and reduce downtime.This automation has evolved Shell’s maintenance and operations strategy from reactive to predictive,improving overall charger performance and user satisfaction.Key achievements include transitioning to prescriptive and preventive asset management approaches,significantly improving uptime and charging experience,and increasing commercial value through cost reduction and enhanced revenue.Future challenges include evolving OCPP,integrating data from non-OCPP systems,and ensuring interoperability across diverse systems.Standardization and cross-collaboration within the industry are essential for smooth interoperability,higher uptime,and increased CSR(charging success rate).Technological innovations will further shape the industry,promoting stabilization and efficiency as it matures.展开更多
Aircraft assembly is characterized by stringent precedence constraints,limited resource availability,spatial restrictions,and a high degree of manual intervention.These factors lead to considerable variability in oper...Aircraft assembly is characterized by stringent precedence constraints,limited resource availability,spatial restrictions,and a high degree of manual intervention.These factors lead to considerable variability in operator workloads and significantly increase the complexity of scheduling.To address this challenge,this study investigates the Aircraft Pulsating Assembly Line Scheduling Problem(APALSP)under skilled operator allocation,with the objective of minimizing assembly completion time.A mathematical model considering skilled operator allocation is developed,and a Q-Learning improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm(QLPSO)is proposed.In the algorithm design,a reverse scheduling strategy is adopted to effectively manage large-scale precedence constraints.Moreover,a reverse sequence encoding method is introduced to generate operation sequences,while a time decoding mechanism is employed to determine completion times.The problem is further reformulated as a Markov Decision Process(MDP)with explicitly defined state and action spaces.Within QLPSO,the Q-learning mechanism adaptively adjusts inertia weights and learning factors,thereby achieving a balance between exploration capability and convergence performance.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,extensive computational experiments are conducted on benchmark instances of different scales,including small,medium,large,and ultra-large cases.The results demonstrate that QLPSO consistently delivers stable and high-quality solutions across all scenarios.In ultra-large-scale instances,it improves the best solution by 25.2%compared with the Genetic Algorithm(GA)and enhances the average solution by 16.9%over the Q-learning algorithm,showing clear advantages over the comparative methods.These findings not only confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm but also provide valuable theoretical references and practical guidance for the intelligent scheduling optimization of aircraft pulsating assembly lines.展开更多
Objective: To study the public health Emergency Operations Centers(EOCs)in the US, the European Union, the UK and Australia, and summarize the good practice for the improvement of National Health Emergency Response Co...Objective: To study the public health Emergency Operations Centers(EOCs)in the US, the European Union, the UK and Australia, and summarize the good practice for the improvement of National Health Emergency Response Command Center in Chinese National Health and Family Planning Commission. Methods: Literature review was conducted to explore the EOCs of selected countries. Results: The study focused on EOC function, organizational structure, human resources and information management. The selected EOCs had the basic EOC functions of coordinating and commanding as well as the public health related functions such as monitoring the situation, risk assessment, and epidemiological briefings. The organizational structures of the EOCs were standardized, scalable and flexible. Incident Command System was the widely applied organizational structure with a strong preference. The EOCs were managed by a unit of emergency management during routine time and surge staff were engaged upon emergencies. The selected EOCs had clear information management framework including information collection, assessment and dissemination. Conclusions: The performance of National Health Emergency Response Command Center can be improved by learning from the good practice of the selected EOCs, including setting clear functions, standardizing the organizational structure, enhancing the human resource capacity and strengthening information management.展开更多
Natural regeneration of tree species is important to the sustainability of native forest ecosystems in the temperate zone of north- east China. This study compared the densities and heights of seedlings and the divers...Natural regeneration of tree species is important to the sustainability of native forest ecosystems in the temperate zone of north- east China. This study compared the densities and heights of seedlings and the diversities of shrubs and herbs on three sites of logging op- erations: log-skidding trails (LST), logging gaps (LG) and log landing sites (LLS). Sites undisturbed by logging gaps operations were sam- pled as control. The species, counts and height of tree seedlings and the species, counts, height and percentage coverage of shrubs and herbs were recorded in the field. The highest density and greatest height of regeneration trees were observed at LG and LST. The effects of LST on the densities of broadleaved trees were greater than those of coniferous trees. The difference in seedling density between LLS and control was significant (p=0.05). There was no significant difference in average seedling height for all the tree species between the disturbed sites and control. There were more shrub and herb species at the disturbed sites than at control. The diversity of understory plants at LG was the highest among all the sites. LST and LLS were different in shrub diversity, so were LLS and control. Both LG and LLS were different from control in herb diversity. Active measures need to be taken on the operation sites to protect the coniferous trees and the diversities of under- story plants for sustaining the structure and composition of the broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest on Changbai Mountain of China. Since different operation sites have different effects on different tree species, site-dependent actions must be taken to assure the regeneration of ecologically important tree species.展开更多
The principle of surgical treatment for gastric cancer is the radical resectioning although the suitable resecting range for different cases of gastric cancer is still being argued upon[1-9]. However, the diagnostic a...The principle of surgical treatment for gastric cancer is the radical resectioning although the suitable resecting range for different cases of gastric cancer is still being argued upon[1-9]. However, the diagnostic accuracy of early gastric cancer (EGC) without lymphatic metastasis has obviously improved with an improvement in the diagnostic technique and due to the accumulation of knowledge on the biological profiles of EG C[10-17]. The D2 lymph node excision was used as a regular operation to treat the EGC previously. But the concept for the EGC without lymphatic metastasis has gradually changed and the less invasive resections has been applied in some cases[18-20]. This study aimed at investigating the risk factors of lymphatic metastasis in EGC in order to find out the proofs for the suitable indications for less invasive operations such as endoscopic mucosal resectioning (EMR), laparoscopic and laparotomic resectioning.展开更多
Following the recommendations of a report submitted by the Central Social Insurance Medical Council concerning the 2002 revision of the Medical Service Fee Schedule, a new inclu-sive payment system, which is based on ...Following the recommendations of a report submitted by the Central Social Insurance Medical Council concerning the 2002 revision of the Medical Service Fee Schedule, a new inclu-sive payment system, which is based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) sys-tem, was introduced in 82 special functioning hospitals in Japan, effective beginning in April 2003. Since April 2004, the system has been gradually extended to general hospitals that satisfy certain prerequisites. In this paper, the new inclusive payment system is analyzed. Data pertaining to 1,225 patients, who were hospital-ized for cataract diseases and underwent lens operations from July 2004 to September 2005, are used. The lengths of hospital stay and medical payments among hospitals are com-pared. Even after eliminating the influence of patient characteristics, there are large differ-ences among hospitals in average lengths of hospital stay and DPC-based inclusive pay-ments. The highest average inclusive payment is 3.5 times as high as the lowest payment. On the other hand, there are relatively small differ-ences in non-inclusive payments based on the conventional fee-for-service system—the larg-est deviation from the average of all hospitals is approximately 10%. Thus, although payments based on the DPC account for only one-third of the total medical payments for this disease, the major differences in medical payments among hospitals are caused by differences in their DPC-based inclusive payments. The results of the study strongly suggest that revisions of the payment system in Japan are necessary for the efficient use of medical resources in the future.展开更多
This article describes a case we experienced in which good postsurgical facial profiles were obtained for a patient with jaw deformities associated with facial asymmetry,by implementing surgical planning with SimPlant...This article describes a case we experienced in which good postsurgical facial profiles were obtained for a patient with jaw deformities associated with facial asymmetry,by implementing surgical planning with SimPlant OMS.Using this method,we conducted LF1 osteotomy,intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy（IVRO）,sagittal split ramus osteotomy（SSRO）,mandibular constriction and mandibular border genioplasty.Not only did we obtain a class I occlusal relationship,but the complicated surgery also improved the asymmetry of the frontal view,as well as of the profile view,of the patient.The virtual operation using three-dimensional computed tomography（3D-CT）could be especially useful for the treatment of patients with jaw deformities associated with facial asymmetry.展开更多
In this paper, Adomian decomposition method （ADM） with high accuracy and fast convergence is introduced to solve the fractional-order piecewise-linear （PWL） hyperchaotic system. Based on the obtained hyperchaotic ...In this paper, Adomian decomposition method （ADM） with high accuracy and fast convergence is introduced to solve the fractional-order piecewise-linear （PWL） hyperchaotic system. Based on the obtained hyperchaotic sequences, a novel color image encryption algorithm is proposed by employing a hybrid model of bidirectional circular permutation and DNA masking. In this scheme, the pixel positions of image are scrambled by circular permutation, and the pixel values are substituted by DNA sequence operations. In the DNA sequence operations, addition and substraction operations are performed according to traditional addition and subtraction in the binary, and two rounds of addition rules are used to encrypt the pixel values. The simulation results and security analysis show that the hyperchaotic map is suitable for image encryption, and the proposed encryption algorithm has good encryption effect and strong key sensitivity. It can resist brute-force attack, statistical attack, differential attack, known-plaintext, and chosen-plaintext attacks.展开更多
We discuss how to create more entanglement with nonlocal operations acting on two-particle states. For a given nonlocal operation, we find that some input states cannot produce entanglement and some produce the maxima...We discuss how to create more entanglement with nonlocal operations acting on two-particle states. For a given nonlocal operation, we find that some input states cannot produce entanglement and some produce the maximal entanglement, and find that any initial entangled states can produce more entanglement than initial product states.展开更多
Arranging the retrieving sequence and making the operational plans for gantry cranes to enhance port efficiency have become vital issues for the container terminals. In this paper, the problem of retrieving containers...Arranging the retrieving sequence and making the operational plans for gantry cranes to enhance port efficiency have become vital issues for the container terminals. In this paper, the problem of retrieving containers from a yard in a given sequence is discussed as an important part of the ship-loading process. This problem is divided into three categories according to its optimization complexity, i.e., the retrieval problem of a crane with a single spreader(ACSS), the retrieval problem of a crane with multiple spreaders(ACMS), and the retrieval problem of multiple cranes with a single spreader(MCSS). Firstly, heuristic algorithms are proposed to develop a retrieving sequence for ACSS to reduce the operational time. Then, optimizing the assignment to multiple spreaders is conducted by exchanging the movements of the obtained retrieving sequence. Finally, the movements are further assigned to two cranes and integrated with the MCSS retrieval problem mentioned above.The numerical experiments show the effectiveness and practicability of the heuristic algorithms.展开更多
A new interval arithmetic method is proposed to solve interval functions with correlated intervals through which the overestimation problem existing in interval analysis could be significantly alleviated. The correlat...A new interval arithmetic method is proposed to solve interval functions with correlated intervals through which the overestimation problem existing in interval analysis could be significantly alleviated. The correlation between interval parameters is defined by the multidimensional parallelepiped model which is convenient to describe the correlative and independent interval variables in a unified framework. The original interval variables with correlation are transformed into the standard space without correlation,and then the relationship between the original variables and the standard interval variables is obtained. The expressions of four basic interval arithmetic operations, namely addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, are given in the standard space. Finally, several numerical examples and a two-step bar are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Immediately following a spill at sea, released oil ranging from diesel to light crude and diluted bitumen, will initially weather through evaporation, resulting in an elevated concentration of light hydrocarbons in th...Immediately following a spill at sea, released oil ranging from diesel to light crude and diluted bitumen, will initially weather through evaporation, resulting in an elevated concentration of light hydrocarbons in the air. As part of oil spill response operations, first responders use hand-held devices to monitor airborne concent- rations when approaching a spill. The feasibility of using numerical modelling as an additional tool to assess potential flammability and plan response operations in the spill area was explored in this study. The Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is defined as the minimum concentration of a gas in air, in this case a mixture of evaporated hydrocarbons, which can produce a flash fire in the presence of an ignition source. This ignition source could be triggered by the vessel itself or by spill response operations. A framework was put into place, utilizing a three- dimensional hydrodynamic model (H3D), an oil spill model (SPILLCALC), and an air dispersion model (CALPUFF) to assess the risk of possible ignition of the hydrocarbon vapour in the event of a spill. The study looked at a hypothetical credible worst case tanker spill (16 500 m3) of diluted bitumen (cold lake winter blend) occurring at Arachne Reef in Haro Strait, British Columbia, Canada. SPILLCALC provided one-minute averaged vapour fluxes from the water surface for each of 17 modelled pseudo-components which were used as inputs to CALPUFF. Using the predicted airborne concentrations of each pseudo-component, time-scaled to one-second averages, the flammability potential in the immediate spill area was determined at each grid point using Le Chatelier’s mixing equation. The approach describe here was developed as a proof of concept, and could be established as a real-time system, bringing valuable information in addition to hand-held devices during a spill response, or during a response exercise. This modelling study was conducted as part of Kinder Morgan’s Trans Mountain Pipeline Expansion Project. There are a number of commercially available oil spill models but few if any are equipped with the ability to model air dispersion and forecast hazardous conditions as discussed in this paper.展开更多
When Aerodrome Obstacle Standards cannot be met as a result of urban or technical development, an aeronautical study can be carried out with the permission of EASA, in conjunction with ICAO, to prove how aircrafts can...When Aerodrome Obstacle Standards cannot be met as a result of urban or technical development, an aeronautical study can be carried out with the permission of EASA, in conjunction with ICAO, to prove how aircrafts can achieve an equivalent level of safety. However currently, no detailed guidance for this procedure exists. This paper proposes such a safety assessment methodology in order to value obstacle clearance violations around airports. This method has already been applied to a safety case at Frankfurt Airport where a tower elevating 4 km out of threshold 25R severely violates obstacle limitation surfaces. The model data refers to a take-off and landing performance model (TLPM) computing precisely aircraft trajectories for both standard and engine out conditions at ground proximity. The generated tracks are used to estimate collision risk incrementally considering EASA/FAA, EU-OPS & ICAO clearance criteria. Normal operations are assessed with a probabilistic analysis of empirical take-off/landing track data generating the local actual navigation performance (ANP) on site. The ANP shows integration to collision risk for an aircraft with any obstacle. The obstacle is tested for clearance within a “5-step-plan” against all performance requirements for landing climb and take-off climb. The methodology thereby delivers a comprehensive risk picture: The presented safety case for Frankfurt Airport showed an equivalent safety level despite the violation of standards. The collision risk during both normal and degraded performance operations was still found to be within ICAO Collision Risk Model (CRM) limits, requiring only limited risk mitigation measures. The presented work should complement ICAO Doc 9774 Appendix 3.展开更多
The air traffic management system(ATM)has the task of ensuring safe,orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic.The ATM system architecture is very much dependent on the concept of operations(ConOps).Over the years th...The air traffic management system(ATM)has the task of ensuring safe,orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic.The ATM system architecture is very much dependent on the concept of operations(ConOps).Over the years the evolution in ConOps has resulted in changes in the ATM′s physical architecture,improving its physical infrastructure,increasing the levels of automation and making operational changes to improve air traffic flow,to cope with increasing demand for air travel.However,what is less clear is the impact of such changes in ConOps on the ATM′s functional architecture.This is vital for ensuring optimality in the implementation of the physical architecture components to support the ATM functions.This paper reviews the changes in the ConOps over the years,proposes a temporally invariant ATM functional model,and discusses some of the main key technologies expected to make significant improvements to the ATM system.展开更多
Commercial aircraft crews have experienced a trend from five-person crew to dual-pilot crew.Arised from both technological and market demands,Single Pilot Operations(SPO)is considered an important development directio...Commercial aircraft crews have experienced a trend from five-person crew to dual-pilot crew.Arised from both technological and market demands,Single Pilot Operations(SPO)is considered an important development direction in modern aviation technology.In this paper,starting from Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO),the piloting process,decision-making process and decisionmaking mode of DPO for commercial aircraft are studied to obtain the operational requirements of SPO.Then,based on above analysis,the operational mechanism of SPO is studied and the core technology of SPO mode is proposed.Next,a new closed frequent bicluster mining algorithm named FsCluster is proposed for the optimization of the SPO model,and the other efficient bicluster mining algorithm named TsCluster is proposed for the analysis and verification of the SPO model.Finally,a typical flight phase scenario is modelled by Magic System of System,and combined with the proposed algorithms for analysis and verification to determine whether the SPO mode can meet the DPO requirements.展开更多
The constraints and the operations play an important role in database generalization.They guide and govern database generalization.The constraints are translation of the required conditions that should take into accou...The constraints and the operations play an important role in database generalization.They guide and govern database generalization.The constraints are translation of the required conditions that should take into account not only the objects and relationships among objects but also spatial data schema (classification and aggregation hierarchy) associated with the final existing database.The operations perform the actions of generalization in support of data reduction in the database.The constraints in database generalization are still lack of research.There is still the lack of frameworks to express the constraints and the operations on the basis of object_oriented data structure in database generalization.This paper focuses on the frameworks for generalization operations and constraints on the basis of object_oriented data structure in database generalization.The constraints as the attributes of the object and the operations as the methods of the object can be encapsulated in classes.They have the inheritance and polymorphism property.So the framework of the constraints and the operations which are based on object_oriented data structure can be easily understood and implemented.The constraint and the operations based on object_oriented database are proposed based on object_oriented database.The frameworks for generalization operations,constraints and relations among objects based on object_oriented data structure in database generalization are designed.The categorical database generalization is concentrated on in this paper.展开更多
Cooling, transportation and sale processes of spiced geese were studied, eight spiced geese meat samples with different sampling time, Airborne microorganism samples of three different workplaces and five different en...Cooling, transportation and sale processes of spiced geese were studied, eight spiced geese meat samples with different sampling time, Airborne microorganism samples of three different workplaces and five different environmental contact substance samples were test, measures of special mediums, biochemical identification and DNA sequencing were carried out, then Escherichia coli, Yeast, Mildew, Lactic acid bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Janthinobacterium were detected. For spiced geese meat samples, microorganisms were significant (p ) increased with the prolong of sampling time. Lactic acid bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Janthinobacterium were detected in each processing operation and the total aerobic counts of each sample was increased or significant (p ) increased with the prolong of sampling time;Escherichia coli, Yeast and Mildew were detected on samples entered into the retail outlet mainly and the total aerobic counts of each sample was increased or significant (p ) increased also. In the household workshop, Mildew and Janthinobacterium were the superior microorganisms. In the transport vehicle, Staphylococcus aureus and Janthinobacterium were the superior microorganisms;Staphylococcus aureus was the superior microorganism in the retail outlet. For environmental contact substances, Cooling platform, pallet, chopping block were the most serious contaminated environmental contact substances and the total bacteria counts were significant (p ) more than stainless steel barrel and chopper;Janthinobacterium was the superior microorganism on pallet, stainless steel barrel and chopper;Lactic acid bacteria was the superior microorganism on chopping block and stainless steel barrel;Staphylococcus aureus was the superior microorganism on cooling platform. Findings indicate that Escherichia coli, Yeast, Mildew, Lactic acid bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Janthinobacterium were the main microorganisms;Household workshop and the retail outlet were the main place microorganisms contaminated;Pallet, stainless steel barrel and chopper were the main environmental contact substances.展开更多
基金co-supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No. 2021YFB3301504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62072415, 62036010, 42301526, 62372416 and 62472389)the National Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province, China (No. 242300421215)
文摘Accurate recognition of flight deck operations for carrier-based aircraft, based on operation trajectories, is critical for optimizing carrier-based aircraft performance. This recognition involves understanding short-term and long-term spatial collaborative relationships among support agents and positions from long spatial–temporal trajectories. While the existing methods excel at recognizing collaborative behaviors from short trajectories, they often struggle with long spatial–temporal trajectories. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a dynamic graph method to enhance flight deck operation recognition. First, spatial–temporal collaborative relationships are modeled as a dynamic graph. Second, a discretized and compressed method is proposed to assign values to the states of this dynamic graph. To extract features that represent diverse collaborative relationships among agents and account for the duration of these relationships, a biased random walk is then conducted. Subsequently, the Swin Transformer is employed to comprehend spatial–temporal collaborative relationships, and a fully connected layer is applied to deck operation recognition. Finally, to address the scarcity of real datasets, a simulation pipeline is introduced to generate deck operations in virtual flight deck scenarios. Experimental results on the simulation dataset demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62172341,12071132)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China(Grant No.242300420276)the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(Grant No.225200810032)。
文摘Our concern is to investigate controlled remote implementation of partially unknown operations with multiple layers.We first propose a scheme to realize the remote implementation of singlequbit operations belonging to the restricted sets.Then,the proposed scheme is extended to the case of single-qudit operations.As long as the controller and the higher-layer senders consent,the receiver can restore the desired state remotely operated by the sender.It is worth mentioning that the recovery operation is deduced by general formulas which clearly reveal the relationship with the measurement outcomes.For the sake of clarity,two specific examples with two levels are given respectively.In addition,we discuss the influence of amplitude-damping noise and utilize weak measurement and measurement reversal to effectively resist noise.
文摘Digital twin shows broad application prospects in the aerospace field.This paper introduces a generalized satellite digital twin system in detail.With the innovative design concepts of modularization,generalization and modeling,on the one hand,the system has successfully achieved the reuse of software modules among different satellite models;on the other hand,it has achieved the reuse of software modules between the digital twin and the testing system,significantly improving the development efficiency of the digital twin system.The paper elaborates on the technical architecture and application fields of this digital twin system,and further prospects its future development.At the same time,through a real inorbit case,the engineering value of the digital twin system is strongly demonstrated.
文摘The global public HPC(high-power charging)network for EVs(electric vehicles)is rapidly expanding.This growth is crucial for supporting the increasing adoption of EVs but highlights the industry’s early stage.Regional maturity varies,with China leading due to strong government support,followed by Europe and the United States.A significant challenge is the lack of industry standards,causing inconsistencies in charger types and payment systems.Efforts are underway,to ensure interoperability and reliability.Interoperability is crucial for the success of EV HPC infrastructure,ensuring seamless integration among charge points,management systems,and service providers.Despite the use of protocols like the OCPP(Open Charge Point Protocol),variations in implementation create complexities.Ensuring uniform standards across the ecosystem is essential for reliability and efficiency.Vendor-specific error codes,which are more detailed than standardized codes,are vital for diagnosing issues but lack standardization,adding complexity.Addressing these challenges is key to supporting widespread EV adoption and enhancing user experience.To provide a compelling driver value proposition,EV charging services must be reliable and seamless.The operations and maintenance of the HPC network must be cost-effective and leverage the intelligence of the integrated ecosystem.The technical complexity of managing high-power DC charging,combined with diverse authentication and payment systems,results in numerous potential issues.Moving from reactive to predictive maintenance is essential for undisrupted operations and a smooth driver experience.Shell’s Intelligent Operations Technology Strategy incorporates GenAI elements in its advanced analytics and operational performance management tools.By ingesting big data from multiple sources across the EV ecosystem,Shell engineers can perform detailed pattern recognition and targeted troubleshooting.Monitoring,configurable alerting,and remote fixing based on auto-healing and targeted auto-allocation enhance charger availability and reduce downtime.This automation has evolved Shell’s maintenance and operations strategy from reactive to predictive,improving overall charger performance and user satisfaction.Key achievements include transitioning to prescriptive and preventive asset management approaches,significantly improving uptime and charging experience,and increasing commercial value through cost reduction and enhanced revenue.Future challenges include evolving OCPP,integrating data from non-OCPP systems,and ensuring interoperability across diverse systems.Standardization and cross-collaboration within the industry are essential for smooth interoperability,higher uptime,and increased CSR(charging success rate).Technological innovations will further shape the industry,promoting stabilization and efficiency as it matures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52475543)Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Grant No.252300421101)+1 种基金Henan Province University Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Plan(Grant No.24HASTIT048)Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry(Grant No.23XNKJTD0101).
文摘Aircraft assembly is characterized by stringent precedence constraints,limited resource availability,spatial restrictions,and a high degree of manual intervention.These factors lead to considerable variability in operator workloads and significantly increase the complexity of scheduling.To address this challenge,this study investigates the Aircraft Pulsating Assembly Line Scheduling Problem(APALSP)under skilled operator allocation,with the objective of minimizing assembly completion time.A mathematical model considering skilled operator allocation is developed,and a Q-Learning improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm(QLPSO)is proposed.In the algorithm design,a reverse scheduling strategy is adopted to effectively manage large-scale precedence constraints.Moreover,a reverse sequence encoding method is introduced to generate operation sequences,while a time decoding mechanism is employed to determine completion times.The problem is further reformulated as a Markov Decision Process(MDP)with explicitly defined state and action spaces.Within QLPSO,the Q-learning mechanism adaptively adjusts inertia weights and learning factors,thereby achieving a balance between exploration capability and convergence performance.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,extensive computational experiments are conducted on benchmark instances of different scales,including small,medium,large,and ultra-large cases.The results demonstrate that QLPSO consistently delivers stable and high-quality solutions across all scenarios.In ultra-large-scale instances,it improves the best solution by 25.2%compared with the Genetic Algorithm(GA)and enhances the average solution by 16.9%over the Q-learning algorithm,showing clear advantages over the comparative methods.These findings not only confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm but also provide valuable theoretical references and practical guidance for the intelligent scheduling optimization of aircraft pulsating assembly lines.
文摘Objective: To study the public health Emergency Operations Centers(EOCs)in the US, the European Union, the UK and Australia, and summarize the good practice for the improvement of National Health Emergency Response Command Center in Chinese National Health and Family Planning Commission. Methods: Literature review was conducted to explore the EOCs of selected countries. Results: The study focused on EOC function, organizational structure, human resources and information management. The selected EOCs had the basic EOC functions of coordinating and commanding as well as the public health related functions such as monitoring the situation, risk assessment, and epidemiological briefings. The organizational structures of the EOCs were standardized, scalable and flexible. Incident Command System was the widely applied organizational structure with a strong preference. The EOCs were managed by a unit of emergency management during routine time and surge staff were engaged upon emergencies. The selected EOCs had clear information management framework including information collection, assessment and dissemination. Conclusions: The performance of National Health Emergency Response Command Center can be improved by learning from the good practice of the selected EOCs, including setting clear functions, standardizing the organizational structure, enhancing the human resource capacity and strengthening information management.
文摘Natural regeneration of tree species is important to the sustainability of native forest ecosystems in the temperate zone of north- east China. This study compared the densities and heights of seedlings and the diversities of shrubs and herbs on three sites of logging op- erations: log-skidding trails (LST), logging gaps (LG) and log landing sites (LLS). Sites undisturbed by logging gaps operations were sam- pled as control. The species, counts and height of tree seedlings and the species, counts, height and percentage coverage of shrubs and herbs were recorded in the field. The highest density and greatest height of regeneration trees were observed at LG and LST. The effects of LST on the densities of broadleaved trees were greater than those of coniferous trees. The difference in seedling density between LLS and control was significant (p=0.05). There was no significant difference in average seedling height for all the tree species between the disturbed sites and control. There were more shrub and herb species at the disturbed sites than at control. The diversity of understory plants at LG was the highest among all the sites. LST and LLS were different in shrub diversity, so were LLS and control. Both LG and LLS were different from control in herb diversity. Active measures need to be taken on the operation sites to protect the coniferous trees and the diversities of under- story plants for sustaining the structure and composition of the broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest on Changbai Mountain of China. Since different operation sites have different effects on different tree species, site-dependent actions must be taken to assure the regeneration of ecologically important tree species.
基金Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Slate Education Commission(1997-832)
文摘The principle of surgical treatment for gastric cancer is the radical resectioning although the suitable resecting range for different cases of gastric cancer is still being argued upon[1-9]. However, the diagnostic accuracy of early gastric cancer (EGC) without lymphatic metastasis has obviously improved with an improvement in the diagnostic technique and due to the accumulation of knowledge on the biological profiles of EG C[10-17]. The D2 lymph node excision was used as a regular operation to treat the EGC previously. But the concept for the EGC without lymphatic metastasis has gradually changed and the less invasive resections has been applied in some cases[18-20]. This study aimed at investigating the risk factors of lymphatic metastasis in EGC in order to find out the proofs for the suitable indications for less invasive operations such as endoscopic mucosal resectioning (EMR), laparoscopic and laparotomic resectioning.
文摘Following the recommendations of a report submitted by the Central Social Insurance Medical Council concerning the 2002 revision of the Medical Service Fee Schedule, a new inclu-sive payment system, which is based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) sys-tem, was introduced in 82 special functioning hospitals in Japan, effective beginning in April 2003. Since April 2004, the system has been gradually extended to general hospitals that satisfy certain prerequisites. In this paper, the new inclusive payment system is analyzed. Data pertaining to 1,225 patients, who were hospital-ized for cataract diseases and underwent lens operations from July 2004 to September 2005, are used. The lengths of hospital stay and medical payments among hospitals are com-pared. Even after eliminating the influence of patient characteristics, there are large differ-ences among hospitals in average lengths of hospital stay and DPC-based inclusive pay-ments. The highest average inclusive payment is 3.5 times as high as the lowest payment. On the other hand, there are relatively small differ-ences in non-inclusive payments based on the conventional fee-for-service system—the larg-est deviation from the average of all hospitals is approximately 10%. Thus, although payments based on the DPC account for only one-third of the total medical payments for this disease, the major differences in medical payments among hospitals are caused by differences in their DPC-based inclusive payments. The results of the study strongly suggest that revisions of the payment system in Japan are necessary for the efficient use of medical resources in the future.
文摘This article describes a case we experienced in which good postsurgical facial profiles were obtained for a patient with jaw deformities associated with facial asymmetry,by implementing surgical planning with SimPlant OMS.Using this method,we conducted LF1 osteotomy,intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy（IVRO）,sagittal split ramus osteotomy（SSRO）,mandibular constriction and mandibular border genioplasty.Not only did we obtain a class I occlusal relationship,but the complicated surgery also improved the asymmetry of the frontal view,as well as of the profile view,of the patient.The virtual operation using three-dimensional computed tomography（3D-CT）could be especially useful for the treatment of patients with jaw deformities associated with facial asymmetry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61161006 and 61573383)
文摘In this paper, Adomian decomposition method （ADM） with high accuracy and fast convergence is introduced to solve the fractional-order piecewise-linear （PWL） hyperchaotic system. Based on the obtained hyperchaotic sequences, a novel color image encryption algorithm is proposed by employing a hybrid model of bidirectional circular permutation and DNA masking. In this scheme, the pixel positions of image are scrambled by circular permutation, and the pixel values are substituted by DNA sequence operations. In the DNA sequence operations, addition and substraction operations are performed according to traditional addition and subtraction in the binary, and two rounds of addition rules are used to encrypt the pixel values. The simulation results and security analysis show that the hyperchaotic map is suitable for image encryption, and the proposed encryption algorithm has good encryption effect and strong key sensitivity. It can resist brute-force attack, statistical attack, differential attack, known-plaintext, and chosen-plaintext attacks.
文摘We discuss how to create more entanglement with nonlocal operations acting on two-particle states. For a given nonlocal operation, we find that some input states cannot produce entanglement and some produce the maximal entanglement, and find that any initial entangled states can produce more entanglement than initial product states.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71172108)the Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of China(Nos.20122125110009 and 20132125120009)the Dalian Science and Technology Project(No.2012A17GX125)
文摘Arranging the retrieving sequence and making the operational plans for gantry cranes to enhance port efficiency have become vital issues for the container terminals. In this paper, the problem of retrieving containers from a yard in a given sequence is discussed as an important part of the ship-loading process. This problem is divided into three categories according to its optimization complexity, i.e., the retrieval problem of a crane with a single spreader(ACSS), the retrieval problem of a crane with multiple spreaders(ACMS), and the retrieval problem of multiple cranes with a single spreader(MCSS). Firstly, heuristic algorithms are proposed to develop a retrieving sequence for ACSS to reduce the operational time. Then, optimizing the assignment to multiple spreaders is conducted by exchanging the movements of the obtained retrieving sequence. Finally, the movements are further assigned to two cranes and integrated with the MCSS retrieval problem mentioned above.The numerical experiments show the effectiveness and practicability of the heuristic algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant 51222502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 11172096)the Funds for State Key Laboratory of Construction Machinery(SKLCM2014-1)
文摘A new interval arithmetic method is proposed to solve interval functions with correlated intervals through which the overestimation problem existing in interval analysis could be significantly alleviated. The correlation between interval parameters is defined by the multidimensional parallelepiped model which is convenient to describe the correlative and independent interval variables in a unified framework. The original interval variables with correlation are transformed into the standard space without correlation,and then the relationship between the original variables and the standard interval variables is obtained. The expressions of four basic interval arithmetic operations, namely addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, are given in the standard space. Finally, several numerical examples and a two-step bar are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘Immediately following a spill at sea, released oil ranging from diesel to light crude and diluted bitumen, will initially weather through evaporation, resulting in an elevated concentration of light hydrocarbons in the air. As part of oil spill response operations, first responders use hand-held devices to monitor airborne concent- rations when approaching a spill. The feasibility of using numerical modelling as an additional tool to assess potential flammability and plan response operations in the spill area was explored in this study. The Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is defined as the minimum concentration of a gas in air, in this case a mixture of evaporated hydrocarbons, which can produce a flash fire in the presence of an ignition source. This ignition source could be triggered by the vessel itself or by spill response operations. A framework was put into place, utilizing a three- dimensional hydrodynamic model (H3D), an oil spill model (SPILLCALC), and an air dispersion model (CALPUFF) to assess the risk of possible ignition of the hydrocarbon vapour in the event of a spill. The study looked at a hypothetical credible worst case tanker spill (16 500 m3) of diluted bitumen (cold lake winter blend) occurring at Arachne Reef in Haro Strait, British Columbia, Canada. SPILLCALC provided one-minute averaged vapour fluxes from the water surface for each of 17 modelled pseudo-components which were used as inputs to CALPUFF. Using the predicted airborne concentrations of each pseudo-component, time-scaled to one-second averages, the flammability potential in the immediate spill area was determined at each grid point using Le Chatelier’s mixing equation. The approach describe here was developed as a proof of concept, and could be established as a real-time system, bringing valuable information in addition to hand-held devices during a spill response, or during a response exercise. This modelling study was conducted as part of Kinder Morgan’s Trans Mountain Pipeline Expansion Project. There are a number of commercially available oil spill models but few if any are equipped with the ability to model air dispersion and forecast hazardous conditions as discussed in this paper.
文摘When Aerodrome Obstacle Standards cannot be met as a result of urban or technical development, an aeronautical study can be carried out with the permission of EASA, in conjunction with ICAO, to prove how aircrafts can achieve an equivalent level of safety. However currently, no detailed guidance for this procedure exists. This paper proposes such a safety assessment methodology in order to value obstacle clearance violations around airports. This method has already been applied to a safety case at Frankfurt Airport where a tower elevating 4 km out of threshold 25R severely violates obstacle limitation surfaces. The model data refers to a take-off and landing performance model (TLPM) computing precisely aircraft trajectories for both standard and engine out conditions at ground proximity. The generated tracks are used to estimate collision risk incrementally considering EASA/FAA, EU-OPS & ICAO clearance criteria. Normal operations are assessed with a probabilistic analysis of empirical take-off/landing track data generating the local actual navigation performance (ANP) on site. The ANP shows integration to collision risk for an aircraft with any obstacle. The obstacle is tested for clearance within a “5-step-plan” against all performance requirements for landing climb and take-off climb. The methodology thereby delivers a comprehensive risk picture: The presented safety case for Frankfurt Airport showed an equivalent safety level despite the violation of standards. The collision risk during both normal and degraded performance operations was still found to be within ICAO Collision Risk Model (CRM) limits, requiring only limited risk mitigation measures. The presented work should complement ICAO Doc 9774 Appendix 3.
文摘The air traffic management system(ATM)has the task of ensuring safe,orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic.The ATM system architecture is very much dependent on the concept of operations(ConOps).Over the years the evolution in ConOps has resulted in changes in the ATM′s physical architecture,improving its physical infrastructure,increasing the levels of automation and making operational changes to improve air traffic flow,to cope with increasing demand for air travel.However,what is less clear is the impact of such changes in ConOps on the ATM′s functional architecture.This is vital for ensuring optimality in the implementation of the physical architecture components to support the ATM functions.This paper reviews the changes in the ConOps over the years,proposes a temporally invariant ATM functional model,and discusses some of the main key technologies expected to make significant improvements to the ATM system.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.20ZR1427800)the New Young Teachers Launch Program of Shanghai Jiaotong University,China(No.20X100040036)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61971273)the Development Program in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2021GY-032)。
文摘Commercial aircraft crews have experienced a trend from five-person crew to dual-pilot crew.Arised from both technological and market demands,Single Pilot Operations(SPO)is considered an important development direction in modern aviation technology.In this paper,starting from Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO),the piloting process,decision-making process and decisionmaking mode of DPO for commercial aircraft are studied to obtain the operational requirements of SPO.Then,based on above analysis,the operational mechanism of SPO is studied and the core technology of SPO mode is proposed.Next,a new closed frequent bicluster mining algorithm named FsCluster is proposed for the optimization of the SPO model,and the other efficient bicluster mining algorithm named TsCluster is proposed for the analysis and verification of the SPO model.Finally,a typical flight phase scenario is modelled by Magic System of System,and combined with the proposed algorithms for analysis and verification to determine whether the SPO mode can meet the DPO requirements.
文摘The constraints and the operations play an important role in database generalization.They guide and govern database generalization.The constraints are translation of the required conditions that should take into account not only the objects and relationships among objects but also spatial data schema (classification and aggregation hierarchy) associated with the final existing database.The operations perform the actions of generalization in support of data reduction in the database.The constraints in database generalization are still lack of research.There is still the lack of frameworks to express the constraints and the operations on the basis of object_oriented data structure in database generalization.This paper focuses on the frameworks for generalization operations and constraints on the basis of object_oriented data structure in database generalization.The constraints as the attributes of the object and the operations as the methods of the object can be encapsulated in classes.They have the inheritance and polymorphism property.So the framework of the constraints and the operations which are based on object_oriented data structure can be easily understood and implemented.The constraint and the operations based on object_oriented database are proposed based on object_oriented database.The frameworks for generalization operations,constraints and relations among objects based on object_oriented data structure in database generalization are designed.The categorical database generalization is concentrated on in this paper.
文摘Cooling, transportation and sale processes of spiced geese were studied, eight spiced geese meat samples with different sampling time, Airborne microorganism samples of three different workplaces and five different environmental contact substance samples were test, measures of special mediums, biochemical identification and DNA sequencing were carried out, then Escherichia coli, Yeast, Mildew, Lactic acid bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Janthinobacterium were detected. For spiced geese meat samples, microorganisms were significant (p ) increased with the prolong of sampling time. Lactic acid bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Janthinobacterium were detected in each processing operation and the total aerobic counts of each sample was increased or significant (p ) increased with the prolong of sampling time;Escherichia coli, Yeast and Mildew were detected on samples entered into the retail outlet mainly and the total aerobic counts of each sample was increased or significant (p ) increased also. In the household workshop, Mildew and Janthinobacterium were the superior microorganisms. In the transport vehicle, Staphylococcus aureus and Janthinobacterium were the superior microorganisms;Staphylococcus aureus was the superior microorganism in the retail outlet. For environmental contact substances, Cooling platform, pallet, chopping block were the most serious contaminated environmental contact substances and the total bacteria counts were significant (p ) more than stainless steel barrel and chopper;Janthinobacterium was the superior microorganism on pallet, stainless steel barrel and chopper;Lactic acid bacteria was the superior microorganism on chopping block and stainless steel barrel;Staphylococcus aureus was the superior microorganism on cooling platform. Findings indicate that Escherichia coli, Yeast, Mildew, Lactic acid bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Janthinobacterium were the main microorganisms;Household workshop and the retail outlet were the main place microorganisms contaminated;Pallet, stainless steel barrel and chopper were the main environmental contact substances.
