Ecosystem services are substantial elements for human society. The central challenge to meet the human needs from ecosystems while sustain the Earth's life support systems makes it urgent to enhance efficient natu...Ecosystem services are substantial elements for human society. The central challenge to meet the human needs from ecosystems while sustain the Earth's life support systems makes it urgent to enhance efficient natural resource management for sustainable ecological and socioeconomic development. Trade-off analysis of ecosystem services can help to identify optimal decision points to balance the costs and benefits of the diverse human uses of ecosystems. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to provide key insights into ecosystem services trade-off analysis at different scales from a land use perspective, by comprehensively reviewing the trade-offs analysis tools and approaches that addressed in ecology, economics and other fields. The review will significantly contribute to future research on trade-off analysis to avoid inferior management options and offer a win-win solution based on comprehensive and efficient planning for interacting multiple ecosystem services.展开更多
The trade-offs and synergies of forest ecosystem service are important research topics for several disciplines.The multi-scale analysis of service trade-offs and synergies assists in the implementation of more effecti...The trade-offs and synergies of forest ecosystem service are important research topics for several disciplines.The multi-scale analysis of service trade-offs and synergies assists in the implementation of more effective forest resource management.Based on multi-source data including forest distribution,topography,NDVI,meteorology and soil conditions,key forest ecosystem services,including total forest volume,carbon storage,water yield,soil retention and habitat quality were mapped and evaluated for the Funiu Mountain Region through integrated deployment of the CASA model,the InVEST3.2 model and the ArcGIS10.2 software.The characteristics of trade-offs and synergies among different ecosystem services were then mapped and considered across multiple spatial scales(i.e.,by region,north and south slopes,vertical belt)using the spatial overlay analysis method.The main results are as follows:(1)Mean forest volume is 49.26 m^(3)/ha,carbon density is 156.94 t/ha,water yield depth is 494.46 mm,the unit amount of soil retention is 955.4 t/ha,and the habitat quality index is 0.79.(2)The area of forests with good synergy is 28.79%,and the area of forests with poor synergy is 10.15%,while about 61.06%of forests show severe trade-offs and weak trade-offs.The overall benefits of forest ecosystem services in the study area are still low.In the future,bad synergy and severe trade-off areas should be the focus of forest resource management and efficiency regulation.(3)Synergy between ecosystem services is better for forest on south slope than that on north slope.Deciduous broad-leaved forest belt at moderate elevations on south slope in the mountains(SIII)has the highest synergies,while that at low elevations on north slope(NI)exhibits the lowest synergy levels.展开更多
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a prospect for the future development of all countries in the world.Its core is to set up the Sustainable Development Goals for the year of 2030,and develop a series of i...The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a prospect for the future development of all countries in the world.Its core is to set up the Sustainable Development Goals for the year of 2030,and develop a series of institutional mechanisms around SDGs to promote its implementation.The SDGs include 17 goals,of which SDG 11 is to make cities and human settlements inclusive,safe,resilient and sustainable.Green building can play a positive role in the implementation of SDG 11.However,the entire process of green building development involves multiple stakeholders and various professional fields,which play different roles where may be positive synergies or negative trade-offs in the whole process.This paper uses the nexus approaches to clarify how multiple stakeholders and professions interact with each other in the green building development with the aim of promoting SDG 11.展开更多
In the case of unknown weights, theories of multi-attributed decision making based on interval numbers and grey related analysis were used to optimize mining methods. As the representative of independence for the indi...In the case of unknown weights, theories of multi-attributed decision making based on interval numbers and grey related analysis were used to optimize mining methods. As the representative of independence for the indicator, the smaller the correlation of indicators is, the greater the weight is. Hence, the weights of interval numbers of indicators were determined by using correlation coefficient. Relative closeness based on positive and negative ideal methods was calculated by introducing distance between interval numbers, which made decision making more rational and comprehensive. A new method of ranking interval numbers based on normal distribution was proposed for the optimization of mining methods, whose basic properties were discussed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method were verified by theories and practice.展开更多
Regarding high drilling costs,an effort should be made to substantially reduce the drilling operation.To achieve this goal,exploration and development stages should be carried out precisely with maximum information ac...Regarding high drilling costs,an effort should be made to substantially reduce the drilling operation.To achieve this goal,exploration and development stages should be carried out precisely with maximum information acquired from the reservoir.The use of multi-attribute matching technology to predict sedimentary system has always been a very important but challenging task.To resolve the challenges,we utilized a quantitative analysis method of seismic attributes based on geological models involving high resolution 3D seismic data for sedimentary facies.We developed a workflow that includes core data,seismic attribute analysis,and well logging to highlight the benefit of understanding the facies distribution in the 3 rd Member of the Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation,Hongshanzui area,Junggar Basin,China.1)Data preprocessing.2)Cluster analysis.3)RMS attribute based on a normal distribution constrains facies boundary.4)Mapping the sedimentary facies by using MRA(multiple regression analysis)prediction model combined with the lithofacies assemblages and logging facies assemblages.The confident level presented in this research is 0.745,which suggests that the methods and data-mining techniques are practical and efficient,and also be used to map facies in other similar geological settings.展开更多
In a social network analysis the output provided includes many measures and metrics. For each of these measures and metric, the output provides the ability to obtain a rank ordering of the nodes in terms of these meas...In a social network analysis the output provided includes many measures and metrics. For each of these measures and metric, the output provides the ability to obtain a rank ordering of the nodes in terms of these measures. We might use this information in decision making concerning disrupting or deceiving a given network. All is fine when all the measures indicate the same node as the key or influential node. What happens when the measures indicate different key nodes？ Our goal in this paper is to explore two methodologies to identify the key players or nodes in a given network. We apply TOPSIS to analyze these outputs to find the most influential nodes as a function of the decision makers＇ inputs as a process to consider both subjective and objectives inputs through pairwise comparison matrices. We illustrate our results using two common networks from the literature： the Kite network and the Information flow network from Knoke and Wood. We discuss some basic sensitivity analysis can may be applied to the methods. We find the use of TOPSIS as a flexible method to weight the criterion based upon the decision makers＇ inputs or the topology of the network.展开更多
This paper presents results concerning energy efficiency of wheat production considered in the context of specific energy input variation in different climatic conditions of Europe as well as case studies on implement...This paper presents results concerning energy efficiency of wheat production considered in the context of specific energy input variation in different climatic conditions of Europe as well as case studies on implementation of selected energy saving measures in practice.The source data collected from the six european union(EU)countries represent five agricultural regions of continental Europe and three climates:continental,temperate and Mediterranean.The life cycle assessment(LCA)methodology was applied to analyze the data excluding of pre-farm gate activities.The total primary energy consumption was decomposed into main energy input streams and it was regressed to yield.In order to compare energy efficiency of wheat production across the geographical areas,the data envelopment analysis(DEA)was applied.It was shown that the highest wheat yield(6.7 t/ha to 8.7 t/ha)at the lowest specific energy input(2.08 GJ/t to 2.56 G J/t)is unique for temperate climate conditions.The yield in continental and Mediterranean climatic conditions is on average lower by 1.3 t/ha and 2.7 t/ha and energy efficiency lower by 14%and 38%,respectively.The case studies have shown that the energy saving activities in wheat production may be universal for the climatic zones or specific for a given geographical location.It was stated that trade-offs between energy,economic,and environmental effects,which are associated with implementation of a given energy saving measure or a set of measures to a great extent depend on the current energy efficiency status of the farm and opportunity for investment,which varies substantially across Europe.展开更多
Scientific understanding of the trade-offs between services is crucial for the scientific management and protection of ecosystems and the formulation of resource management policies.This study integrated meteorologica...Scientific understanding of the trade-offs between services is crucial for the scientific management and protection of ecosystems and the formulation of resource management policies.This study integrated meteorological,land use,and soil data to assess the ecosystem services,namely,water yield(WY),soil erosion(SE),and carbon sinks(CS),in peak-cluster depression basins on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China during 2000-2020.It analyzed the trade-offs and synergistic relationships among the three ecosystem services and their time-lag effects and driving mechanisms with the help of pixel-by-pixel time-lag intercorrelation and geographical de-tector methods.Results show that:1)from 2000 to 2020,the key ecosystem service indicators in the peak-cluster depression basins on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China demonstrated a significant and synergistic trend of positive change.The WY increased at a rate of 11.99 mm/yr,CS increased at a rate of 2.44 g C/(m^(2)∙yr),and SE decreased at a rate of 0.06 t/(ha∙yr).2)Most areas showed a synergistic relationship across the three ecosystem services,and the areas with a trade-off relationship were mostly concentrated in Baise City and the southwest of Chongzuo City,Guangxi.3)The time-lag effect between SE and WY was mostly concentrated in 0 yr,that between SE and CS was mostly concentrated in 5 yr,and that between CS and WY was mostly concentrated in 1 yr.4)Population density was the controlling factor between SE and WY.Vegetation coverage factor is the main controlling factor between SE and CS.The lithologic factor is the main controlling factor between CS and WY.Studying the trade-off relationship of ecosystem services at spatial and tem-poral scales on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China karst areas can provide a basis for regional ecological construction and develop-ment strategies,and it is conducive to meeting regional interest needs,maximizing comprehensive benefits,balancing the ecological en-vironment,and achieving regional sustainable development.展开更多
Since the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in 2015,global implementation has steadily advanced,yet prominent challenges persist.Progress has been uneven across regions and countries,with ...Since the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in 2015,global implementation has steadily advanced,yet prominent challenges persist.Progress has been uneven across regions and countries,with Tajikistan representing a typical example of such disparities.Based on 81 SDG indicators for Tajikistan from 2001 to 2023,this study applied a three-level coupling network framework:at the microscale,it identified synergies and trade-offs between indicators;at the mesoscale,it examined the strength and direction of linkages within four SDG-related components(society,finance,governance,and environment);and at the global level,it focused on the overall SDG interlinkages.Spearman’s rank correlation,sliding window method,and topological properties were employed to analyze the coupling dynamics of SDGs.Results showed that over 70.00%of associations in the global SDG network were of medium-to-low intensity,alongside extremely strong ones(|r|value approached 1.00,where r is the correlation coefficient).SDG interactions were generally limited,with stable local synergy clusters in core livelihood sectors.Network modularity fluctuated,reflecting a cycle of differentiation,integration,and fragmentation,while coupling efficiency varied with the external environment.Each component exhibited distinct functional characteristics.The social component maintained high connectivity through the“poverty alleviation-education-healthcare”loop.The environmental component shifted toward coordinated eco-economic governance.The governance-related component broke interdepartmental barriers,while the financial component showed weak links between resource-based indicators and consumption/employment indicators.Tajikistan’s SDG coupling evolved through three phases:survival-oriented(2001–2012),policy integration(2013–2018),and shock adaptation(2019–2023).These phases were driven by policy changes,resource industries,governance optimization,and external factors.This study enriches the analytical framework for understanding the dynamic coupling of SDGs in mountainous resource-dependent countries and provides empirical evidence to support similar countries in formulating phase-specific SDG promotion strategies.展开更多
As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem,ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions.The Grain-for-Green Program(GFGP,One of the world...As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem,ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions.The Grain-for-Green Program(GFGP,One of the world’s most ambitious ecosystem conservation set-aside programs aims to transfer farmland on steep slopes to forestland or grassland to increase vegetation coverage)has been widely implemented from 1999 to 2015 and exerted significant influence on land use and ecosystem services(ESs).In this study,three ecological models(In VEST,RUSLE,and CASA)were used to accurately calculate the three key types of ESs,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and net primary production(NPP)in Karst area of southwestern China from 1982 to 2015.The impact of GFGP on ESs and trade-offs was analyzed.It provides practical guidance in carrying out ecological regulation in Karst area of China under global climate change.Results showed that ESs and trade-offs had changed dramatically driven by GFGP.In detail,temporally,SC and NPP exhibited an increasing trend,while WY exhibited a decreasing trend.Spatially,SC basically decreased from west to east;NPP basically increased from north to south;WY basically increased from west to east;NPP and SC,SC and WY developed in the direction of trade-offs driven by the GFGP,while NPP and WY developed in the direction of synergy.Therefore,future ecosystem management and restoration policy-making should consider trade-offs of ESs so as to achieve sustainable provision of ESs.展开更多
Understanding the spatial interactions among multiple ecosystem services is crucial for ecosystem services management. Ecosystem services, including crop production, freshwater supply, aquatic production, net primary ...Understanding the spatial interactions among multiple ecosystem services is crucial for ecosystem services management. Ecosystem services, including crop production, freshwater supply, aquatic production, net primary production, soil conservation, water conservation, flood regulation, forest recreation, were measured at 1-km grid scale covering the Taihu Lake Basin(TLB) of China. Our objective is to get a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distributions, trade-offs, synergies of multiple ecosystem services across the TLB. Our results found that: 1) majority of ecosystem services were clustered in space and had a similar spatial distribution pattern with the geographical resource endowment. Most of the landscape contributed a high supply of no services, one or two, and a low supply of three to seven services. 2) There were high correlation between forest recreation and freshwater supply and regulating services. Aquatic production had low correlation with other services. 3) The changes of provisioning services led to trade-offs between regulating services and cultural services in the TLB, while synergies mainly occurred among the provisioning service. 4) The spatial relationships of multiple services are consistent at 1-km spatial scale, counties and provinces. This research could help integrate multiple ecosystem services across scales and serve as a reference for decision making.展开更多
To overcome the limitations of the traditional surrogate worth trade-off （SWT） method and solve the multiple criteria decision making problem more efficiently and interactively, a new method labeled dual worth trade...To overcome the limitations of the traditional surrogate worth trade-off （SWT） method and solve the multiple criteria decision making problem more efficiently and interactively, a new method labeled dual worth tradeoff （DWT） method is proposed. The DWT method dynamically uses the duality theory related to the multiple criteria decision making problem and analytic hierarchy process technique to obtain the decision maker＇s solution preference information and finally find the satisfactory compromise solution of the decision maker. Through the interactive process between the analyst and the decision maker, trade-off information is solicited and treated properly, the representative subset of efficient solutions and the satisfactory solution to the problem are found. The implementation procedure for the DWT method is presented. The effectiveness and applicability of the DWT method are shown by a practical case study in the field of production scheduling.展开更多
Altay Prefecture plays a vital role as an ecological barrier in Northwest China.Studying the ecosystem service value is of great significance for promoting regional green high-quality development and maintaining ecolo...Altay Prefecture plays a vital role as an ecological barrier in Northwest China.Studying the ecosystem service value is of great significance for promoting regional green high-quality development and maintaining ecological security.Based on Global ESA land cover data from 2000 to 2015,the trade-off and synergy relationships and driving force factors between ecosystem services in Altay Prefecture were analyzed in this study.The analysis produced four main results.(1)The ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture continued to increase from 113.521×10^(9) yuan in 2000 to 115.777×10^(9) yuan in 2015,for an increase of about 1.98%.(2)The distribution of ecosystem service value had obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics,with hot spot areas mainly concentrated in the"two rivers and one lake"and the mountainous areas in the northwest,while the cold spot areas were mainly the forest and grass-covered areas in the northern mountainous areas and within Jimunai County.(3)The trade-off and synergy relationship among ecosystem services was mainly synergistic,with a total of 77.78% of ecosystem service relative relationships showing a significant positive correlation at the 0.01 level.(4)Economic factors and industrial structure are important factors affecting ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture.Ecosystem service value is positively correlated with per capita GDP and the output value of the tertiary industry,but negatively correlated with the output value of the secondary industry.展开更多
Accurately forecasting ecosystem services is critical for enhancing our understanding and improving management practices within nature reserves,particularly in light of climate change,land use/cover changes,and their ...Accurately forecasting ecosystem services is critical for enhancing our understanding and improving management practices within nature reserves,particularly in light of climate change,land use/cover changes,and their complex interactions.However,existing studies often fail to fully consider vegetation response,constituting a gap in the comprehensive assessment of changes in ecosystem services.Therefore,a coupled model framework integrating climate change,land use change,and vegetation dynamics was developed to allow for the simulation of dynamic ecosystem service scenarios throughout the twenty-first century.The Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province was considered as the study area.The results showed that ecosystem services and their synergistic effects will be optimized under scenarios that emphasize strict protection of ecological lands and incorporating the SSP1-2.6 scenario.However,sustaining optimized ecosystem services poses significant challenges in scenarios characterized by resource-intensive development and ongoing climate warming,as in the SSP5-8.5 scenario.Notably,discernible variations exist in balancing and synergizing the management of ecosystem services across diverse land uses and forest types.Our study underscores the importance of integrating vegetation response into the framework of ecosystem service forecasting,which is essential for assisting nature reserves in effectively addressing the multifaceted risks associated with climate change and rapid socio-economic development.展开更多
Microservices have revolutionized traditional software architecture. While monolithic designs continue to be common, particularly in legacy applications, there is a growing trend towards the modularity, independent de...Microservices have revolutionized traditional software architecture. While monolithic designs continue to be common, particularly in legacy applications, there is a growing trend towards the modularity, independent deployability, and flexibility offered by microservices, which is further enhanced by developments in cloud technology. This shift towards microservice architecture meets the modern business need for agility, facilitating rapid adaptability in a competitive landscape. Microservices offer an agile framework and, in many cases, can simplify the development process, though the implementation can vary and sometimes introduce complexities. Unlike monolithic systems, which can be cumbersome to modify, microservices enable quicker adjustments and faster deployment times, essential in today’s dynamic environment. This article delves into the essence of microservices and explores their growing prominence in the software industry.展开更多
The Yellow River Basin(YRB)occupies an important position in China’s socioeconomic development and ecological conservation efforts.Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of the relationships among multiple ...The Yellow River Basin(YRB)occupies an important position in China’s socioeconomic development and ecological conservation efforts.Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of the relationships among multiple ecosystem services(ESs)and their drivers is crucial for regional sustainable development and human-earth system coordination.This study simulated food production(FP),water yield(WY),net primary production(NPP),soil conservation(SC),and habitat quality(HQ)in the YRB from 2000 to 2020,and evaluated the spatial evolution and the relationship of ESs at the raster scale.Redundancy analysis was used to identify the impact of natural,socioeconomic,and landscape patterns on the relationship between ESs.The results demonstrated that the average HQ per unit area decreased by 18.10%,while SC,NPP,WY,and FP increased by 42.68%,47.63%,30.82%,and 67.10%,respectively,from 2000 to 2020.The relationship between ESs in the YRB was dominated by weak trade-offs and weak synergies at a temporal scale,with the trade-offs strengthened in the Upper Yellow River Basin(UYRB)and the Middle Yellow River Basin(MYRB),and synergies strengthened in the Lower Yellow River Basin(LYRB).At the spatial scale,the relationships between HQ and WY,HQ and SC,HQ and NPP,FP and SC,and FP and HQ were all dominated by trade-offs,while other ES pairs were mostly based on synergistic relationships.In the YRB,the relationships among ESs were mainly influenced by human disturbance,precipitation,and land-use and exploitation intensity.Specifically,the trade-offs among ESs in the UYRB were primarily affected by precipitation,and those in the MYRB and LYRB by human disturbance.The heterogeneity of the landscape could also effectively promote synergies among ESs.This study could provide insights into trade-offs and synergies among ESs and their driving forces and lay a foundation for ecological restoration and sustainable development of ESs in the YRB.展开更多
Due to the deterioration of serious energy dilemma,energy-conservation and emission–reduction have been the strategic target in the past decades,thus people have identified the vital importance of higher energy effic...Due to the deterioration of serious energy dilemma,energy-conservation and emission–reduction have been the strategic target in the past decades,thus people have identified the vital importance of higher energy efficiency and the influence of lower carbon development.Since work exchange network is a significant part of energy recovery system,its optima design will have dramatically significant effect on energy consumption reduction in chemical process system.With an extension of the developed transshipment model in isothermal process,a novel step-wise methodology for synthesis of direct work exchange network(WEN)in adiabatic process involving heat integration is first proposed in this paper,where a nonlinear programming(NLP)model is formulated by regarding the minimum utility consumption as objective function and optimizing the initial WEN in accordance with the presented matching rules to get the optimized WEN configuration at first.Furthermore,we focus on the work exchange network synthesis with heat integration to attain the minimal total annual cost(TAC)with the introduction of heat-exchange equipment that is achieved by the following strategies in sequence:introducing heat-exchange equipment directly,adjusting the work quantity of the adjacent utility compressors or expanders,and approximating upper/lower pressure limits consequently to obtain considerable cost savings of expanders or compressors and work utility.Finally,a case taken from the literature is studied to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Optimizing the function of ecosystem services(ESs)is vital for implementing regional ecological management strategies.In this study,we used multi-source data and integrated modelling methods to assess the spatiotempor...Optimizing the function of ecosystem services(ESs)is vital for implementing regional ecological management strategies.In this study,we used multi-source data and integrated modelling methods to assess the spatiotemporal variations in eight typical ESs on the Chinese Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2015,including grain production,raw material provision,water conservation,carbon storage service,soil conservation,oxygen production,recreation,and net primary productivity(NPP)services.Then,we divided the ecosystem service bundles(ESBs)according to relationships among the eight ESs,obtaining four types of eco-functional areas at the county(city or banner or district)level based on the spatial clustering of similarities in different ES types.We also identified and assessed the contributions of influencing factors to these eco-functional areas using principal component analysis(PCA)across spatiotemporal scales.We found that the spatiotemporal variations in different ESs were noticeable,with an overall increase in grain production and soil conservation services,no significant change in carbon storage service,and overall decreases in raw material provision,water conservation,oxygen production,recreation,and NPP services.From 2000 to 2015,the number of significant synergistic ES pairs decreased,while that of significant trade-off pairs increased.To the changes of ESBs in the eco-functional areas,the results indicated that the indirect loss of these ESs from forest and grassland due to urban expansion should be reduced in ecological development area(ESB 2)and multi ecological functional area(ESB 3).Meanwhile,crop planting structures and planting densities should be adjusted to reduce ES trade-offs associated with water conservation service in grain-producing area(ESB 4).Lastly,ESB-based ecofunctional zoning can be used to improve ecological restoration management strategies and optimize ecological compensation schemes in ecologically fragile area(ESB 1).展开更多
Blasting is one of the most important operations in the mining projects that has effective role in the whole operation physically and economically. Unsuitable blasting pattern may lead to unwanted events such as poor ...Blasting is one of the most important operations in the mining projects that has effective role in the whole operation physically and economically. Unsuitable blasting pattern may lead to unwanted events such as poor fragmentation, back break and fly rock. Multi attribute decision making(MADM) can be useful method for selecting the most appropriate blasting pattern among previously performed patterns. In this work, initially, from various already performed patterns, efficient and inefficient patterns are determined using data envelopment analysis(DEA). In the second step, after weighting impressive attributes using experts' opinion, elimination Et choice translating reality(ELECTRE) was used for ranking the efficient patterns and recognizing the most appropriate pattern in the Sungun Copper Mine, Iran. According to the obtained results, blasting pattern with the hole diameter of 15.24 cm, burden of 3 m, spacing of 4 m and stemming of 3.2 m has selected as the best pattern and has selected for future operation.展开更多
With the existence of several conventional and advanced building thermal energy demand forecast models to improve the energy efficiency of buildings,it is hard to find an appropriate,convenient,and efficient model.Eva...With the existence of several conventional and advanced building thermal energy demand forecast models to improve the energy efficiency of buildings,it is hard to find an appropriate,convenient,and efficient model.Evaluations based on statistical indexes(MAE,RMSE,MAPE,etc.)that characterize the accuracy of the forecasts do not help in the identification of the efficient building thermal energy demand forecast tool since they do not reflect the efforts entailed in implementation of the forecast model,i.e.,data collection to production/use phase.Hence,this work presents a Gini Index based Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution(GI-MARCOS),a hybrid Multi Attribute Decision Making(MADM)approach for the identification of the most efficient building energy demand forecast tool.GI-MARCOS employs(i)GI based objective weight method:assigns meaningful objective weights to the attributes in four phases(1:pre-processing,2:implementation,3:post-processing,and 4:use phase)thereby avoiding unnecessary biases in the expert’s opinion on weights and applicable to domains where there is a lack of domain expertise,and(ii)MARCOS:provides a robust and reliable ranking of alternatives in a dynamic environment.A case study with three alternatives evaluated over three to six attributes in four phases of implementation(pre-processing,implementation,post-processing and use)reveals that the use of GI-MARCOS improved the accuracy of alternatives MLR and BM by 6%and 13%,respectively.Moreover,additional validations state that(i)MLR performs best in Phase 1 and 2,while ANN performs best in Phase 3 and 4 with BM providing a mediocre performance in all four phases,(ii)sensitivity analysis:provides robust ranking with interchange of weights across phases and attributes,and(iii)rank correlation:ranks produce by GI-MARCOS has a high correlation with GRA(0.999),COPRAS(0.9786),and ARAS(0.9775).展开更多
基金China National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar,No.71225005The Key Project in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program of China,No.2013BACO3B00
文摘Ecosystem services are substantial elements for human society. The central challenge to meet the human needs from ecosystems while sustain the Earth's life support systems makes it urgent to enhance efficient natural resource management for sustainable ecological and socioeconomic development. Trade-off analysis of ecosystem services can help to identify optimal decision points to balance the costs and benefits of the diverse human uses of ecosystems. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to provide key insights into ecosystem services trade-off analysis at different scales from a land use perspective, by comprehensively reviewing the trade-offs analysis tools and approaches that addressed in ecology, economics and other fields. The review will significantly contribute to future research on trade-off analysis to avoid inferior management options and offer a win-win solution based on comprehensive and efficient planning for interacting multiple ecosystem services.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41671090National Basic Research Program(973 Program),No.2015CB452702。
文摘The trade-offs and synergies of forest ecosystem service are important research topics for several disciplines.The multi-scale analysis of service trade-offs and synergies assists in the implementation of more effective forest resource management.Based on multi-source data including forest distribution,topography,NDVI,meteorology and soil conditions,key forest ecosystem services,including total forest volume,carbon storage,water yield,soil retention and habitat quality were mapped and evaluated for the Funiu Mountain Region through integrated deployment of the CASA model,the InVEST3.2 model and the ArcGIS10.2 software.The characteristics of trade-offs and synergies among different ecosystem services were then mapped and considered across multiple spatial scales(i.e.,by region,north and south slopes,vertical belt)using the spatial overlay analysis method.The main results are as follows:(1)Mean forest volume is 49.26 m^(3)/ha,carbon density is 156.94 t/ha,water yield depth is 494.46 mm,the unit amount of soil retention is 955.4 t/ha,and the habitat quality index is 0.79.(2)The area of forests with good synergy is 28.79%,and the area of forests with poor synergy is 10.15%,while about 61.06%of forests show severe trade-offs and weak trade-offs.The overall benefits of forest ecosystem services in the study area are still low.In the future,bad synergy and severe trade-off areas should be the focus of forest resource management and efficiency regulation.(3)Synergy between ecosystem services is better for forest on south slope than that on north slope.Deciduous broad-leaved forest belt at moderate elevations on south slope in the mountains(SIII)has the highest synergies,while that at low elevations on north slope(NI)exhibits the lowest synergy levels.
基金supported by the project of New Design Methods and Demonstration of Green Public Buildings Adapted to Regional Climate[grant number 2017YFC0702300]National Key R&D Program of China(Research on synergy mode and flow of green public building design)[grant number.2017YFC0702305-01].
文摘The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a prospect for the future development of all countries in the world.Its core is to set up the Sustainable Development Goals for the year of 2030,and develop a series of institutional mechanisms around SDGs to promote its implementation.The SDGs include 17 goals,of which SDG 11 is to make cities and human settlements inclusive,safe,resilient and sustainable.Green building can play a positive role in the implementation of SDG 11.However,the entire process of green building development involves multiple stakeholders and various professional fields,which play different roles where may be positive synergies or negative trade-offs in the whole process.This paper uses the nexus approaches to clarify how multiple stakeholders and professions interact with each other in the green building development with the aim of promoting SDG 11.
基金Project(50774095) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(200449) supported by the National Outstanding Doctoral Dissertations Special Funds of China
文摘In the case of unknown weights, theories of multi-attributed decision making based on interval numbers and grey related analysis were used to optimize mining methods. As the representative of independence for the indicator, the smaller the correlation of indicators is, the greater the weight is. Hence, the weights of interval numbers of indicators were determined by using correlation coefficient. Relative closeness based on positive and negative ideal methods was calculated by introducing distance between interval numbers, which made decision making more rational and comprehensive. A new method of ranking interval numbers based on normal distribution was proposed for the optimization of mining methods, whose basic properties were discussed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method were verified by theories and practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902109)Tianshan Youth Program(2020Q064)+1 种基金National Major Projects(2017ZX05001004)Tianshan Innovation Team Program(2020D14023)。
文摘Regarding high drilling costs,an effort should be made to substantially reduce the drilling operation.To achieve this goal,exploration and development stages should be carried out precisely with maximum information acquired from the reservoir.The use of multi-attribute matching technology to predict sedimentary system has always been a very important but challenging task.To resolve the challenges,we utilized a quantitative analysis method of seismic attributes based on geological models involving high resolution 3D seismic data for sedimentary facies.We developed a workflow that includes core data,seismic attribute analysis,and well logging to highlight the benefit of understanding the facies distribution in the 3 rd Member of the Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation,Hongshanzui area,Junggar Basin,China.1)Data preprocessing.2)Cluster analysis.3)RMS attribute based on a normal distribution constrains facies boundary.4)Mapping the sedimentary facies by using MRA(multiple regression analysis)prediction model combined with the lithofacies assemblages and logging facies assemblages.The confident level presented in this research is 0.745,which suggests that the methods and data-mining techniques are practical and efficient,and also be used to map facies in other similar geological settings.
文摘In a social network analysis the output provided includes many measures and metrics. For each of these measures and metric, the output provides the ability to obtain a rank ordering of the nodes in terms of these measures. We might use this information in decision making concerning disrupting or deceiving a given network. All is fine when all the measures indicate the same node as the key or influential node. What happens when the measures indicate different key nodes？ Our goal in this paper is to explore two methodologies to identify the key players or nodes in a given network. We apply TOPSIS to analyze these outputs to find the most influential nodes as a function of the decision makers＇ inputs as a process to consider both subjective and objectives inputs through pairwise comparison matrices. We illustrate our results using two common networks from the literature： the Kite network and the Information flow network from Knoke and Wood. We discuss some basic sensitivity analysis can may be applied to the methods. We find the use of TOPSIS as a flexible method to weight the criterion based upon the decision makers＇ inputs or the topology of the network.
文摘This paper presents results concerning energy efficiency of wheat production considered in the context of specific energy input variation in different climatic conditions of Europe as well as case studies on implementation of selected energy saving measures in practice.The source data collected from the six european union(EU)countries represent five agricultural regions of continental Europe and three climates:continental,temperate and Mediterranean.The life cycle assessment(LCA)methodology was applied to analyze the data excluding of pre-farm gate activities.The total primary energy consumption was decomposed into main energy input streams and it was regressed to yield.In order to compare energy efficiency of wheat production across the geographical areas,the data envelopment analysis(DEA)was applied.It was shown that the highest wheat yield(6.7 t/ha to 8.7 t/ha)at the lowest specific energy input(2.08 GJ/t to 2.56 G J/t)is unique for temperate climate conditions.The yield in continental and Mediterranean climatic conditions is on average lower by 1.3 t/ha and 2.7 t/ha and energy efficiency lower by 14%and 38%,respectively.The case studies have shown that the energy saving activities in wheat production may be universal for the climatic zones or specific for a given geographical location.It was stated that trade-offs between energy,economic,and environmental effects,which are associated with implementation of a given energy saving measure or a set of measures to a great extent depend on the current energy efficiency status of the farm and opportunity for investment,which varies substantially across Europe.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42061020)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(No.2018JJA150135)+2 种基金Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(No.AA18118038)Science and Technology Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(No.2019AC20088)High Level Talent Introduction Project of Beibu Gulf University(No.2019KYQD28)。
文摘Scientific understanding of the trade-offs between services is crucial for the scientific management and protection of ecosystems and the formulation of resource management policies.This study integrated meteorological,land use,and soil data to assess the ecosystem services,namely,water yield(WY),soil erosion(SE),and carbon sinks(CS),in peak-cluster depression basins on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China during 2000-2020.It analyzed the trade-offs and synergistic relationships among the three ecosystem services and their time-lag effects and driving mechanisms with the help of pixel-by-pixel time-lag intercorrelation and geographical de-tector methods.Results show that:1)from 2000 to 2020,the key ecosystem service indicators in the peak-cluster depression basins on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China demonstrated a significant and synergistic trend of positive change.The WY increased at a rate of 11.99 mm/yr,CS increased at a rate of 2.44 g C/(m^(2)∙yr),and SE decreased at a rate of 0.06 t/(ha∙yr).2)Most areas showed a synergistic relationship across the three ecosystem services,and the areas with a trade-off relationship were mostly concentrated in Baise City and the southwest of Chongzuo City,Guangxi.3)The time-lag effect between SE and WY was mostly concentrated in 0 yr,that between SE and CS was mostly concentrated in 5 yr,and that between CS and WY was mostly concentrated in 1 yr.4)Population density was the controlling factor between SE and WY.Vegetation coverage factor is the main controlling factor between SE and CS.The lithologic factor is the main controlling factor between CS and WY.Studying the trade-off relationship of ecosystem services at spatial and tem-poral scales on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China karst areas can provide a basis for regional ecological construction and develop-ment strategies,and it is conducive to meeting regional interest needs,maximizing comprehensive benefits,balancing the ecological en-vironment,and achieving regional sustainable development.
文摘Since the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in 2015,global implementation has steadily advanced,yet prominent challenges persist.Progress has been uneven across regions and countries,with Tajikistan representing a typical example of such disparities.Based on 81 SDG indicators for Tajikistan from 2001 to 2023,this study applied a three-level coupling network framework:at the microscale,it identified synergies and trade-offs between indicators;at the mesoscale,it examined the strength and direction of linkages within four SDG-related components(society,finance,governance,and environment);and at the global level,it focused on the overall SDG interlinkages.Spearman’s rank correlation,sliding window method,and topological properties were employed to analyze the coupling dynamics of SDGs.Results showed that over 70.00%of associations in the global SDG network were of medium-to-low intensity,alongside extremely strong ones(|r|value approached 1.00,where r is the correlation coefficient).SDG interactions were generally limited,with stable local synergy clusters in core livelihood sectors.Network modularity fluctuated,reflecting a cycle of differentiation,integration,and fragmentation,while coupling efficiency varied with the external environment.Each component exhibited distinct functional characteristics.The social component maintained high connectivity through the“poverty alleviation-education-healthcare”loop.The environmental component shifted toward coordinated eco-economic governance.The governance-related component broke interdepartmental barriers,while the financial component showed weak links between resource-based indicators and consumption/employment indicators.Tajikistan’s SDG coupling evolved through three phases:survival-oriented(2001–2012),policy integration(2013–2018),and shock adaptation(2019–2023).These phases were driven by policy changes,resource industries,governance optimization,and external factors.This study enriches the analytical framework for understanding the dynamic coupling of SDGs in mountainous resource-dependent countries and provides empirical evidence to support similar countries in formulating phase-specific SDG promotion strategies.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Technology Research and Development Project of China(No.2018YFC0507301-02)Chinese Academy of Sciences,Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Project(Class A)(No.XDA2002040201)Shaanxi Province Natural Science Basic Research Project(No.2018JM4016)
文摘As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem,ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions.The Grain-for-Green Program(GFGP,One of the world’s most ambitious ecosystem conservation set-aside programs aims to transfer farmland on steep slopes to forestland or grassland to increase vegetation coverage)has been widely implemented from 1999 to 2015 and exerted significant influence on land use and ecosystem services(ESs).In this study,three ecological models(In VEST,RUSLE,and CASA)were used to accurately calculate the three key types of ESs,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and net primary production(NPP)in Karst area of southwestern China from 1982 to 2015.The impact of GFGP on ESs and trade-offs was analyzed.It provides practical guidance in carrying out ecological regulation in Karst area of China under global climate change.Results showed that ESs and trade-offs had changed dramatically driven by GFGP.In detail,temporally,SC and NPP exhibited an increasing trend,while WY exhibited a decreasing trend.Spatially,SC basically decreased from west to east;NPP basically increased from north to south;WY basically increased from west to east;NPP and SC,SC and WY developed in the direction of trade-offs driven by the GFGP,while NPP and WY developed in the direction of synergy.Therefore,future ecosystem management and restoration policy-making should consider trade-offs of ESs so as to achieve sustainable provision of ESs.
基金Under the auspices of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.14BJY021)National Natural Science Foundation of China(40901296,U1404402)Youth backbone teachers of Henan province’s universities(No.2014GGJS-044)
文摘Understanding the spatial interactions among multiple ecosystem services is crucial for ecosystem services management. Ecosystem services, including crop production, freshwater supply, aquatic production, net primary production, soil conservation, water conservation, flood regulation, forest recreation, were measured at 1-km grid scale covering the Taihu Lake Basin(TLB) of China. Our objective is to get a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distributions, trade-offs, synergies of multiple ecosystem services across the TLB. Our results found that: 1) majority of ecosystem services were clustered in space and had a similar spatial distribution pattern with the geographical resource endowment. Most of the landscape contributed a high supply of no services, one or two, and a low supply of three to seven services. 2) There were high correlation between forest recreation and freshwater supply and regulating services. Aquatic production had low correlation with other services. 3) The changes of provisioning services led to trade-offs between regulating services and cultural services in the TLB, while synergies mainly occurred among the provisioning service. 4) The spatial relationships of multiple services are consistent at 1-km spatial scale, counties and provinces. This research could help integrate multiple ecosystem services across scales and serve as a reference for decision making.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(79870030)
文摘To overcome the limitations of the traditional surrogate worth trade-off （SWT） method and solve the multiple criteria decision making problem more efficiently and interactively, a new method labeled dual worth tradeoff （DWT） method is proposed. The DWT method dynamically uses the duality theory related to the multiple criteria decision making problem and analytic hierarchy process technique to obtain the decision maker＇s solution preference information and finally find the satisfactory compromise solution of the decision maker. Through the interactive process between the analyst and the decision maker, trade-off information is solicited and treated properly, the representative subset of efficient solutions and the satisfactory solution to the problem are found. The implementation procedure for the DWT method is presented. The effectiveness and applicability of the DWT method are shown by a practical case study in the field of production scheduling.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871196)The Scientific Research Project in Altay Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(2019-529)。
文摘Altay Prefecture plays a vital role as an ecological barrier in Northwest China.Studying the ecosystem service value is of great significance for promoting regional green high-quality development and maintaining ecological security.Based on Global ESA land cover data from 2000 to 2015,the trade-off and synergy relationships and driving force factors between ecosystem services in Altay Prefecture were analyzed in this study.The analysis produced four main results.(1)The ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture continued to increase from 113.521×10^(9) yuan in 2000 to 115.777×10^(9) yuan in 2015,for an increase of about 1.98%.(2)The distribution of ecosystem service value had obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics,with hot spot areas mainly concentrated in the"two rivers and one lake"and the mountainous areas in the northwest,while the cold spot areas were mainly the forest and grass-covered areas in the northern mountainous areas and within Jimunai County.(3)The trade-off and synergy relationship among ecosystem services was mainly synergistic,with a total of 77.78% of ecosystem service relative relationships showing a significant positive correlation at the 0.01 level.(4)Economic factors and industrial structure are important factors affecting ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture.Ecosystem service value is positively correlated with per capita GDP and the output value of the tertiary industry,but negatively correlated with the output value of the secondary industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32160292, 32471681, and 32201575)Jiangxi “Double Thousand Plan”(jxsq2020101080)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20224BAB205008, 20224BAB213033, and 20242BAB2538)Jiangxi Province Science and Technology+Water Resources” Joint Plan Project (2023KSG01001 and 2022KSG01010)
文摘Accurately forecasting ecosystem services is critical for enhancing our understanding and improving management practices within nature reserves,particularly in light of climate change,land use/cover changes,and their complex interactions.However,existing studies often fail to fully consider vegetation response,constituting a gap in the comprehensive assessment of changes in ecosystem services.Therefore,a coupled model framework integrating climate change,land use change,and vegetation dynamics was developed to allow for the simulation of dynamic ecosystem service scenarios throughout the twenty-first century.The Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province was considered as the study area.The results showed that ecosystem services and their synergistic effects will be optimized under scenarios that emphasize strict protection of ecological lands and incorporating the SSP1-2.6 scenario.However,sustaining optimized ecosystem services poses significant challenges in scenarios characterized by resource-intensive development and ongoing climate warming,as in the SSP5-8.5 scenario.Notably,discernible variations exist in balancing and synergizing the management of ecosystem services across diverse land uses and forest types.Our study underscores the importance of integrating vegetation response into the framework of ecosystem service forecasting,which is essential for assisting nature reserves in effectively addressing the multifaceted risks associated with climate change and rapid socio-economic development.
文摘Microservices have revolutionized traditional software architecture. While monolithic designs continue to be common, particularly in legacy applications, there is a growing trend towards the modularity, independent deployability, and flexibility offered by microservices, which is further enhanced by developments in cloud technology. This shift towards microservice architecture meets the modern business need for agility, facilitating rapid adaptability in a competitive landscape. Microservices offer an agile framework and, in many cases, can simplify the development process, though the implementation can vary and sometimes introduce complexities. Unlike monolithic systems, which can be cumbersome to modify, microservices enable quicker adjustments and faster deployment times, essential in today’s dynamic environment. This article delves into the essence of microservices and explores their growing prominence in the software industry.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41931293National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171208The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA23070302。
文摘The Yellow River Basin(YRB)occupies an important position in China’s socioeconomic development and ecological conservation efforts.Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of the relationships among multiple ecosystem services(ESs)and their drivers is crucial for regional sustainable development and human-earth system coordination.This study simulated food production(FP),water yield(WY),net primary production(NPP),soil conservation(SC),and habitat quality(HQ)in the YRB from 2000 to 2020,and evaluated the spatial evolution and the relationship of ESs at the raster scale.Redundancy analysis was used to identify the impact of natural,socioeconomic,and landscape patterns on the relationship between ESs.The results demonstrated that the average HQ per unit area decreased by 18.10%,while SC,NPP,WY,and FP increased by 42.68%,47.63%,30.82%,and 67.10%,respectively,from 2000 to 2020.The relationship between ESs in the YRB was dominated by weak trade-offs and weak synergies at a temporal scale,with the trade-offs strengthened in the Upper Yellow River Basin(UYRB)and the Middle Yellow River Basin(MYRB),and synergies strengthened in the Lower Yellow River Basin(LYRB).At the spatial scale,the relationships between HQ and WY,HQ and SC,HQ and NPP,FP and SC,and FP and HQ were all dominated by trade-offs,while other ES pairs were mostly based on synergistic relationships.In the YRB,the relationships among ESs were mainly influenced by human disturbance,precipitation,and land-use and exploitation intensity.Specifically,the trade-offs among ESs in the UYRB were primarily affected by precipitation,and those in the MYRB and LYRB by human disturbance.The heterogeneity of the landscape could also effectively promote synergies among ESs.This study could provide insights into trade-offs and synergies among ESs and their driving forces and lay a foundation for ecological restoration and sustainable development of ESs in the YRB.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576036,21406026)
文摘Due to the deterioration of serious energy dilemma,energy-conservation and emission–reduction have been the strategic target in the past decades,thus people have identified the vital importance of higher energy efficiency and the influence of lower carbon development.Since work exchange network is a significant part of energy recovery system,its optima design will have dramatically significant effect on energy consumption reduction in chemical process system.With an extension of the developed transshipment model in isothermal process,a novel step-wise methodology for synthesis of direct work exchange network(WEN)in adiabatic process involving heat integration is first proposed in this paper,where a nonlinear programming(NLP)model is formulated by regarding the minimum utility consumption as objective function and optimizing the initial WEN in accordance with the presented matching rules to get the optimized WEN configuration at first.Furthermore,we focus on the work exchange network synthesis with heat integration to attain the minimal total annual cost(TAC)with the introduction of heat-exchange equipment that is achieved by the following strategies in sequence:introducing heat-exchange equipment directly,adjusting the work quantity of the adjacent utility compressors or expanders,and approximating upper/lower pressure limits consequently to obtain considerable cost savings of expanders or compressors and work utility.Finally,a case taken from the literature is studied to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2021CFB295)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730363)+1 种基金the China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy(2023016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171415)。
文摘Optimizing the function of ecosystem services(ESs)is vital for implementing regional ecological management strategies.In this study,we used multi-source data and integrated modelling methods to assess the spatiotemporal variations in eight typical ESs on the Chinese Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2015,including grain production,raw material provision,water conservation,carbon storage service,soil conservation,oxygen production,recreation,and net primary productivity(NPP)services.Then,we divided the ecosystem service bundles(ESBs)according to relationships among the eight ESs,obtaining four types of eco-functional areas at the county(city or banner or district)level based on the spatial clustering of similarities in different ES types.We also identified and assessed the contributions of influencing factors to these eco-functional areas using principal component analysis(PCA)across spatiotemporal scales.We found that the spatiotemporal variations in different ESs were noticeable,with an overall increase in grain production and soil conservation services,no significant change in carbon storage service,and overall decreases in raw material provision,water conservation,oxygen production,recreation,and NPP services.From 2000 to 2015,the number of significant synergistic ES pairs decreased,while that of significant trade-off pairs increased.To the changes of ESBs in the eco-functional areas,the results indicated that the indirect loss of these ESs from forest and grassland due to urban expansion should be reduced in ecological development area(ESB 2)and multi ecological functional area(ESB 3).Meanwhile,crop planting structures and planting densities should be adjusted to reduce ES trade-offs associated with water conservation service in grain-producing area(ESB 4).Lastly,ESB-based ecofunctional zoning can be used to improve ecological restoration management strategies and optimize ecological compensation schemes in ecologically fragile area(ESB 1).
文摘Blasting is one of the most important operations in the mining projects that has effective role in the whole operation physically and economically. Unsuitable blasting pattern may lead to unwanted events such as poor fragmentation, back break and fly rock. Multi attribute decision making(MADM) can be useful method for selecting the most appropriate blasting pattern among previously performed patterns. In this work, initially, from various already performed patterns, efficient and inefficient patterns are determined using data envelopment analysis(DEA). In the second step, after weighting impressive attributes using experts' opinion, elimination Et choice translating reality(ELECTRE) was used for ranking the efficient patterns and recognizing the most appropriate pattern in the Sungun Copper Mine, Iran. According to the obtained results, blasting pattern with the hole diameter of 15.24 cm, burden of 3 m, spacing of 4 m and stemming of 3.2 m has selected as the best pattern and has selected for future operation.
基金supported by The Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay(Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship-AO/Admin-1/Rect/33/2019).
文摘With the existence of several conventional and advanced building thermal energy demand forecast models to improve the energy efficiency of buildings,it is hard to find an appropriate,convenient,and efficient model.Evaluations based on statistical indexes(MAE,RMSE,MAPE,etc.)that characterize the accuracy of the forecasts do not help in the identification of the efficient building thermal energy demand forecast tool since they do not reflect the efforts entailed in implementation of the forecast model,i.e.,data collection to production/use phase.Hence,this work presents a Gini Index based Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution(GI-MARCOS),a hybrid Multi Attribute Decision Making(MADM)approach for the identification of the most efficient building energy demand forecast tool.GI-MARCOS employs(i)GI based objective weight method:assigns meaningful objective weights to the attributes in four phases(1:pre-processing,2:implementation,3:post-processing,and 4:use phase)thereby avoiding unnecessary biases in the expert’s opinion on weights and applicable to domains where there is a lack of domain expertise,and(ii)MARCOS:provides a robust and reliable ranking of alternatives in a dynamic environment.A case study with three alternatives evaluated over three to six attributes in four phases of implementation(pre-processing,implementation,post-processing and use)reveals that the use of GI-MARCOS improved the accuracy of alternatives MLR and BM by 6%and 13%,respectively.Moreover,additional validations state that(i)MLR performs best in Phase 1 and 2,while ANN performs best in Phase 3 and 4 with BM providing a mediocre performance in all four phases,(ii)sensitivity analysis:provides robust ranking with interchange of weights across phases and attributes,and(iii)rank correlation:ranks produce by GI-MARCOS has a high correlation with GRA(0.999),COPRAS(0.9786),and ARAS(0.9775).
