The authors regret to report some missing information in the synthetic reagents and associated changes of the paper.On page 511,the author information reads:“5.0 mmol of citric acid(C_(6)H_(8)O_(7)),5.0 mmol of ferri...The authors regret to report some missing information in the synthetic reagents and associated changes of the paper.On page 511,the author information reads:“5.0 mmol of citric acid(C_(6)H_(8)O_(7)),5.0 mmol of ferric chloride hexahydrate(FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O),and 10.0 mmol of o-phenylenediamine(C_(6)H_(8)N_(2))were combined with 40 mL of deionized water and magnetically stirred until fully dissolved.”展开更多
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effecti...The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.展开更多
Complex product development will inevitably face the design planning of the multi-coupled activities, and overlapping these activities could potentially reduce product development time, but there is a risk of the addi...Complex product development will inevitably face the design planning of the multi-coupled activities, and overlapping these activities could potentially reduce product development time, but there is a risk of the additional cost. Although the downstream task information dependence to the upstream task is already considered in the current researches, but the design process overall iteration caused by the information interdependence between activities is hardly discussed; especially the impact on the design process＇ overall iteration from the valid information accumulation process. Secondly, most studies only focus on the single overlapping process of two activities, rarely take multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping process of multi coupled activities into account; especially the inherent link between product development time and cost which originates from the overlapping process of multi coupled activities. For the purpose of solving the above problems, as to the insufficiency of the accumulated valid information in overlapping process, the function of the valid information evolution （VIE） degree is constructed. Stochastic process theory is used to describe the design information exchange and the valid information accumulation in the overlapping segment, and then the planning models of the single overlapping segment are built. On these bases, by analyzing overlapping processes and overlapping features of multi-coupling activities, multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping planning models are built; by sorting overlapping processes and analyzing the construction of these planning models, two conclusions are obtained： （1） As to multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping of multi coupled activities, the total decrement of the task set development time is the sum of the time decrement caused by basic overlapping segments, and minus the sum of the time increment caused by multiple overlapping segments; （2） the total increment of development cost is the sum of the cost increment caused by all overlapping process. And then, based on overlapping degree analysis of these planning models, by the V1E degree function, the four lemmas theory proofs are represented, and two propositions are finally proved： （1） The multi-ply overlapping of the multi coupled activities will weaken the basic overlapping effect on the development cycle time reduction （2） Overlapping the multi coupled activities will decrease product development cycle, but increase product development cost. And there is trade-off between development time and cost. And so, two methods are given to slacken and eliminate multi-ply overlapping effects. At last, an example about a vehicle upper subsystem design illustrates the application of the proposed models; compared with a sequential execution pattern, the decreasing of development cycle （22%） and the increasing of development cost （3%） show the validity of the method in the example The proposed research not only lays a theoretical foundation for correctly planning complex product development process, but also provides specific and effective operation methods for overlapping multi coupled activities.展开更多
The active multi-beam antenna can be widely used in the 6G integrated satellite network project,the national satellite Internet project,and other major satellite projects.It determines the key performance indicators o...The active multi-beam antenna can be widely used in the 6G integrated satellite network project,the national satellite Internet project,and other major satellite projects.It determines the key performance indicators of the satellite such as the service coverage area and the communication capacity of all the beams in the forward link and the return link.The active multi-beam antenna is the core technology of satellite payload and has been developed rapidly in recent years.Based on the antenna performance requirements such as the number of giant-scale beams,super-large coverage area,high gain,and high carrier-to-interference ratio(C/I),this paper proposes a new active multi-beam antenna design method,which integrates the multi-objective coordination and multi-feed amplitude and phase weighted optimization algorithms.A balanced optimal solution that meets the performance requirements can be obtained by constraining each other with different objective functions.In the optimization process,the surrogate model of convolutional autoencoder based on artificial intelligence technology is proposed for multi-objective optimization solution,which efficiently completes the search of optimal beam excitation coefficients.This paper takes the demand for very-high-throughput communication satellites serving the Asia-Pacific region as an example and applies the design method to the multi-beam antenna design of the satellite.The simulation verification of the antenna is completed,achieving good performance of 976 beams.All results meet the performance requirements,supporting the implementation of 1 Tbps communication capacity for the entire satellite,and verifying the correctness of the design method.展开更多
The integration of multi-scale active sites has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of each individual component in electrocatalysis.While single-atom catalysts(SACs)enable maximum at...The integration of multi-scale active sites has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of each individual component in electrocatalysis.While single-atom catalysts(SACs)enable maximum atomic utilization and well-defined coordination environments,nanoparticles/clusters(NPs/CLs)deliver superior electronic adaptability.However,the synergistic combination introduces complex interfacial interactions that significantly influence reaction pathways,intermediate transport,and microenvironment modulation,yet these effects remain insufficiently understood.This review systematically analyzes recent advances of NPs/CLs-SACs in electrocatalysis,mainly including the local reaction environment and coordinating reaction pathways.NPs/CLs-SACs systems enable unique optimization of electronic structures,stabilization/transport of key intermediates,and decoupling of multi-step reaction pathways.We classify and analyze three major synergistic catalytic modes,including co-adsorption catalysis,tandem catalysis,and parallel adsorption for coupling reactions.Finally,we identify key challenges in synthesis,stability,and mechanism understanding,while outlining future directions for the rational design of sustainable catalytic technologies.展开更多
Potential surfaces and equilibrium geometries of InAs 2, In 2As, InAs 2 + and In 2As + were studied using the complete active space multi configuration self consistent field (CASMCSCF) technique. Two electronic stat...Potential surfaces and equilibrium geometries of InAs 2, In 2As, InAs 2 + and In 2As + were studied using the complete active space multi configuration self consistent field (CASMCSCF) technique. Two electronic states, namely 2B 2 and 2B 1, were found to prevail as the ground states for the InAs 2 and In 2As trimers, respectively. The corresponding adiabatic ionization energies were computed and the leading configurations of the ground states were analyzed according to the wavefunctions.展开更多
文摘The authors regret to report some missing information in the synthetic reagents and associated changes of the paper.On page 511,the author information reads:“5.0 mmol of citric acid(C_(6)H_(8)O_(7)),5.0 mmol of ferric chloride hexahydrate(FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O),and 10.0 mmol of o-phenylenediamine(C_(6)H_(8)N_(2))were combined with 40 mL of deionized water and magnetically stirred until fully dissolved.”
文摘The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.
基金sponsored by Jiangsu Provincial Colleges and Universities Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.08KJD410001)Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 12YJAZH151)Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 12YJCZH209)
文摘Complex product development will inevitably face the design planning of the multi-coupled activities, and overlapping these activities could potentially reduce product development time, but there is a risk of the additional cost. Although the downstream task information dependence to the upstream task is already considered in the current researches, but the design process overall iteration caused by the information interdependence between activities is hardly discussed; especially the impact on the design process＇ overall iteration from the valid information accumulation process. Secondly, most studies only focus on the single overlapping process of two activities, rarely take multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping process of multi coupled activities into account; especially the inherent link between product development time and cost which originates from the overlapping process of multi coupled activities. For the purpose of solving the above problems, as to the insufficiency of the accumulated valid information in overlapping process, the function of the valid information evolution （VIE） degree is constructed. Stochastic process theory is used to describe the design information exchange and the valid information accumulation in the overlapping segment, and then the planning models of the single overlapping segment are built. On these bases, by analyzing overlapping processes and overlapping features of multi-coupling activities, multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping planning models are built; by sorting overlapping processes and analyzing the construction of these planning models, two conclusions are obtained： （1） As to multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping of multi coupled activities, the total decrement of the task set development time is the sum of the time decrement caused by basic overlapping segments, and minus the sum of the time increment caused by multiple overlapping segments; （2） the total increment of development cost is the sum of the cost increment caused by all overlapping process. And then, based on overlapping degree analysis of these planning models, by the V1E degree function, the four lemmas theory proofs are represented, and two propositions are finally proved： （1） The multi-ply overlapping of the multi coupled activities will weaken the basic overlapping effect on the development cycle time reduction （2） Overlapping the multi coupled activities will decrease product development cycle, but increase product development cost. And there is trade-off between development time and cost. And so, two methods are given to slacken and eliminate multi-ply overlapping effects. At last, an example about a vehicle upper subsystem design illustrates the application of the proposed models; compared with a sequential execution pattern, the decreasing of development cycle （22%） and the increasing of development cost （3%） show the validity of the method in the example The proposed research not only lays a theoretical foundation for correctly planning complex product development process, but also provides specific and effective operation methods for overlapping multi coupled activities.
基金supported by the Fund from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62271387)a pre-research project on Civil Aerospace Technologies(Grant No.D010203).
文摘The active multi-beam antenna can be widely used in the 6G integrated satellite network project,the national satellite Internet project,and other major satellite projects.It determines the key performance indicators of the satellite such as the service coverage area and the communication capacity of all the beams in the forward link and the return link.The active multi-beam antenna is the core technology of satellite payload and has been developed rapidly in recent years.Based on the antenna performance requirements such as the number of giant-scale beams,super-large coverage area,high gain,and high carrier-to-interference ratio(C/I),this paper proposes a new active multi-beam antenna design method,which integrates the multi-objective coordination and multi-feed amplitude and phase weighted optimization algorithms.A balanced optimal solution that meets the performance requirements can be obtained by constraining each other with different objective functions.In the optimization process,the surrogate model of convolutional autoencoder based on artificial intelligence technology is proposed for multi-objective optimization solution,which efficiently completes the search of optimal beam excitation coefficients.This paper takes the demand for very-high-throughput communication satellites serving the Asia-Pacific region as an example and applies the design method to the multi-beam antenna design of the satellite.The simulation verification of the antenna is completed,achieving good performance of 976 beams.All results meet the performance requirements,supporting the implementation of 1 Tbps communication capacity for the entire satellite,and verifying the correctness of the design method.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1500900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22425021,22102053,22372104,22472050,22172047)+4 种基金the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2024JJ2012,2024JJ1003,2021JJ30089)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC1036)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012889)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220531102408019,JCYJ20210324122209025,KQTD20190929173914967)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20231710 and 2024M752100)。
文摘The integration of multi-scale active sites has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of each individual component in electrocatalysis.While single-atom catalysts(SACs)enable maximum atomic utilization and well-defined coordination environments,nanoparticles/clusters(NPs/CLs)deliver superior electronic adaptability.However,the synergistic combination introduces complex interfacial interactions that significantly influence reaction pathways,intermediate transport,and microenvironment modulation,yet these effects remain insufficiently understood.This review systematically analyzes recent advances of NPs/CLs-SACs in electrocatalysis,mainly including the local reaction environment and coordinating reaction pathways.NPs/CLs-SACs systems enable unique optimization of electronic structures,stabilization/transport of key intermediates,and decoupling of multi-step reaction pathways.We classify and analyze three major synergistic catalytic modes,including co-adsorption catalysis,tandem catalysis,and parallel adsorption for coupling reactions.Finally,we identify key challenges in synthesis,stability,and mechanism understanding,while outlining future directions for the rational design of sustainable catalytic technologies.
文摘Potential surfaces and equilibrium geometries of InAs 2, In 2As, InAs 2 + and In 2As + were studied using the complete active space multi configuration self consistent field (CASMCSCF) technique. Two electronic states, namely 2B 2 and 2B 1, were found to prevail as the ground states for the InAs 2 and In 2As trimers, respectively. The corresponding adiabatic ionization energies were computed and the leading configurations of the ground states were analyzed according to the wavefunctions.
