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Construction of a Maritime Knowledge Graph Using GraphRAG for Entity and Relationship Extraction from Maritime Documents 被引量:4
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作者 Yi Han Tao Yang +2 位作者 Meng Yuan Pinghua Hu Chen Li 《Journal of Computer and Communications》 2025年第2期68-93,共26页
In the international shipping industry, digital intelligence transformation has become essential, with both governments and enterprises actively working to integrate diverse datasets. The domain of maritime and shippi... In the international shipping industry, digital intelligence transformation has become essential, with both governments and enterprises actively working to integrate diverse datasets. The domain of maritime and shipping is characterized by a vast array of document types, filled with complex, large-scale, and often chaotic knowledge and relationships. Effectively managing these documents is crucial for developing a Large Language Model (LLM) in the maritime domain, enabling practitioners to access and leverage valuable information. A Knowledge Graph (KG) offers a state-of-the-art solution for enhancing knowledge retrieval, providing more accurate responses and enabling context-aware reasoning. This paper presents a framework for utilizing maritime and shipping documents to construct a knowledge graph using GraphRAG, a hybrid tool combining graph-based retrieval and generation capabilities. The extraction of entities and relationships from these documents and the KG construction process are detailed. Furthermore, the KG is integrated with an LLM to develop a Q&A system, demonstrating that the system significantly improves answer accuracy compared to traditional LLMs. Additionally, the KG construction process is up to 50% faster than conventional LLM-based approaches, underscoring the efficiency of our method. This study provides a promising approach to digital intelligence in shipping, advancing knowledge accessibility and decision-making. 展开更多
关键词 Maritime knowledge Graph GraphRAG entity and Relationship extraction Document Management
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Syntax-Enhanced Entity Relation Extraction with Complex Knowledge
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作者 Mingwen Bi Hefei Chen Zhenghong Yang 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 2025年第4期861-876,共16页
Entity relation extraction,a fundamental and essential task in natural language processing(NLP),has garnered significant attention over an extended period.,aiming to extract the core of semantic knowledge from unstruc... Entity relation extraction,a fundamental and essential task in natural language processing(NLP),has garnered significant attention over an extended period.,aiming to extract the core of semantic knowledge from unstructured text,i.e.,entities and the relations between them.At present,the main dilemma of Chinese entity relation extraction research lies in nested entities,relation overlap,and lack of entity relation interaction.This dilemma is particularly prominent in complex knowledge extraction tasks with high-density knowledge,imprecise syntactic structure,and lack of semantic roles.To address these challenges,this paper presents an innovative“character-level”Chinese part-of-speech(CN-POS)tagging approach and incorporates part-of-speech(POS)information into the pre-trained model,aiming to improve its semantic understanding and syntactic information processing capabilities.Additionally,A relation reference filling mechanism(RF)is proposed to enhance the semantic interaction between relations and entities,utilize relations to guide entity modeling,improve the boundary prediction ability of entity models for nested entity phenomena,and increase the cascading accuracy of entity-relation triples.Meanwhile,the“Queue”sub-task connection strategy is adopted to alleviate triplet cascading errors caused by overlapping relations,and a Syntax-enhanced entity relation extraction model(SE-RE)is constructed.The model showed excellent performance on the self-constructed E-commerce Product Information dataset(EPI)in this article.The results demonstrate that integrating POS enhancement into the pre-trained encoding model significantly boosts the performance of entity relation extraction models compared to baseline methods.Specifically,the F1-score fluctuation in subtasks caused by error accumulation was reduced by 3.21%,while the F1-score for entity-relation triplet extraction improved by 1.91%. 展开更多
关键词 entity relation extraction complex knowledge syntax-enhanced semantic interaction pre-trained BERT
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MEIM:A Multi-Source Software Knowledge Entity Extraction Integration Model 被引量:1
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作者 Wuqian Lv Zhifang Liao +1 位作者 Shengzong Liu Yan Zhang 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2021年第1期1027-1042,共16页
Entity recognition and extraction are the foundations of knowledge graph construction.Entity data in the field of software engineering come from different platforms and communities,and have different formats.This pape... Entity recognition and extraction are the foundations of knowledge graph construction.Entity data in the field of software engineering come from different platforms and communities,and have different formats.This paper divides multi-source software knowledge entities into unstructured data,semi-structured data and code data.For these different types of data,Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM)with Conditional Random Field(CRF),template matching,and abstract syntax tree are used and integrated into a multi-source software knowledge entity extraction integration model(MEIM)to extract software entities.The model can be updated continuously based on user’s feedbacks to improve the accuracy.To deal with the shortage of entity annotation datasets,keyword extraction methods based on Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF),TextRank,and K-Means are applied to annotate tasks.The proposed MEIM model is applied to the Spring Boot framework,which demonstrates good adaptability.The extracted entities are used to construct a knowledge graph,which is applied to association retrieval and association visualization. 展开更多
关键词 entity extraction software knowledge graph software data
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Medical Knowledge Extraction and Analysis from Electronic Medical Records Using Deep Learning 被引量:13
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作者 李培林 袁贞明 +2 位作者 涂文博 俞凯 芦东昕 《Chinese Medical Sciences Journal》 CAS CSCD 2019年第2期133-139,共7页
Objectives Medical knowledge extraction (MKE) plays a key role in natural language processing (NLP) research in electronic medical records (EMR),which are the important digital carriers for recording medical activitie... Objectives Medical knowledge extraction (MKE) plays a key role in natural language processing (NLP) research in electronic medical records (EMR),which are the important digital carriers for recording medical activities of patients.Named entity recognition (NER) and medical relation extraction (MRE) are two basic tasks of MKE.This study aims to improve the recognition accuracy of these two tasks by exploring deep learning methods.Methods This study discussed and built two application scenes of bidirectional long short-term memory combined conditional random field (BiLSTM-CRF) model for NER and MRE tasks.In the data preprocessing of both tasks,a GloVe word embedding model was used to vectorize words.In the NER task,a sequence labeling strategy was used to classify each word tag by the joint probability distribution through the CRF layer.In the MRE task,the medical entity relation category was predicted by transforming the classification problem of a single entity into a sequence classification problem and linking the feature combinations between entities also through the CRF layer.Results Through the validation on the I2B2 2010 public dataset,the BiLSTM-CRF models built in this study got much better results than the baseline methods in the two tasks,where the F1-measure was up to 0.88 in NER task and 0.78 in MRE task.Moreover,the model converged faster and avoided problems such as overfitting.Conclusion This study proved the good performance of deep learning on medical knowledge extraction.It also verified the feasibility of the BiLSTM-CRF model in different application scenarios,laying the foundation for the subsequent work in the EMR field. 展开更多
关键词 MEDICAL knowledge extraction electronic MEDICAL RECORD named entity recognition MEDICAL relation extraction deep learning bidirectional long SHORT-TERM memory CONDITIONAL random field
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Network Configuration Entity Extraction Method Based on Transformer with Multi-Head Attention Mechanism
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作者 Yang Yang Zhenying Qu +2 位作者 Zefan Yan Zhipeng Gao Ti Wang 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第1期735-757,共23页
Nowadays,ensuring thequality of networkserviceshas become increasingly vital.Experts are turning toknowledge graph technology,with a significant emphasis on entity extraction in the identification of device configurat... Nowadays,ensuring thequality of networkserviceshas become increasingly vital.Experts are turning toknowledge graph technology,with a significant emphasis on entity extraction in the identification of device configurations.This research paper presents a novel entity extraction method that leverages a combination of active learning and attention mechanisms.Initially,an improved active learning approach is employed to select the most valuable unlabeled samples,which are subsequently submitted for expert labeling.This approach successfully addresses the problems of isolated points and sample redundancy within the network configuration sample set.Then the labeled samples are utilized to train the model for network configuration entity extraction.Furthermore,the multi-head self-attention of the transformer model is enhanced by introducing the Adaptive Weighting method based on the Laplace mixture distribution.This enhancement enables the transformer model to dynamically adapt its focus to words in various positions,displaying exceptional adaptability to abnormal data and further elevating the accuracy of the proposed model.Through comparisons with Random Sampling(RANDOM),Maximum Normalized Log-Probability(MNLP),Least Confidence(LC),Token Entrop(TE),and Entropy Query by Bagging(EQB),the proposed method,Entropy Query by Bagging and Maximum Influence Active Learning(EQBMIAL),achieves comparable performance with only 40% of the samples on both datasets,while other algorithms require 50% of the samples.Furthermore,the entity extraction algorithm with the Adaptive Weighted Multi-head Attention mechanism(AW-MHA)is compared with BILSTM-CRF,Mutil_Attention-Bilstm-Crf,Deep_Neural_Model_NER and BERT_Transformer,achieving precision rates of 75.98% and 98.32% on the two datasets,respectively.Statistical tests demonstrate the statistical significance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in this paper. 展开更多
关键词 entity extraction network configuration knowledge graph active learning TRANSFORMER
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Ontology-Based BERT Model for Automated Information Extraction from Geological Hazard Reports 被引量:5
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作者 Kai Ma Miao Tian +3 位作者 Yongjian Tan Qinjun Qiu Zhong Xie Rong Huang 《Journal of Earth Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第5期1390-1405,共16页
Geological knowledge can provide support for knowledge discovery, knowledge inference and mineralization predictions of geological big data. Entity identification and relationship extraction from geological data descr... Geological knowledge can provide support for knowledge discovery, knowledge inference and mineralization predictions of geological big data. Entity identification and relationship extraction from geological data description text are the key links for constructing knowledge graphs. Given the lack of publicly annotated datasets in the geology domain, this paper illustrates the construction process of geological entity datasets, defines the types of entities and interconceptual relationships by using the geological entity concept system, and completes the construction of the geological corpus. To address the shortcomings of existing language models(such as Word2vec and Glove) that cannot solve polysemous words and have a poor ability to fuse contexts, we propose a geological named entity recognition and relationship extraction model jointly with Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers(BERT) pretrained language model. To effectively represent the text features, we construct a BERT-bidirectional gated recurrent unit network(BiGRU)-conditional random field(CRF)-based architecture to extract the named entities and the BERT-BiGRU-Attention-based architecture to extract the entity relations. The results show that the F1-score of the BERT-BiGRU-CRF named entity recognition model is 0.91 and the F1-score of the BERT-BiGRU-Attention relationship extraction model is 0.84, which are significant performance improvements when compared to classic language models(e.g., word2vec and Embedding from Language Models(ELMo)). 展开更多
关键词 ONTOLOGY BERT model name entity recognition relation extraction knowledge graph
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A Survey of Knowledge Graph Construction Using Machine Learning 被引量:2
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作者 Zhigang Zhao Xiong Luo +1 位作者 Maojian Chen Ling Ma 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第4期225-257,共33页
Knowledge graph(KG)serves as a specialized semantic network that encapsulates intricate relationships among real-world entities within a structured framework.This framework facilitates a transformation in information ... Knowledge graph(KG)serves as a specialized semantic network that encapsulates intricate relationships among real-world entities within a structured framework.This framework facilitates a transformation in information retrieval,transitioning it from mere string matching to far more sophisticated entity matching.In this transformative process,the advancement of artificial intelligence and intelligent information services is invigorated.Meanwhile,the role ofmachine learningmethod in the construction of KG is important,and these techniques have already achieved initial success.This article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the last strides in the field of KG via machine learning.With a profound amalgamation of cutting-edge research in machine learning,this article undertakes a systematical exploration of KG construction methods in three distinct phases:entity learning,ontology learning,and knowledge reasoning.Especially,a meticulous dissection of machine learningdriven algorithms is conducted,spotlighting their contributions to critical facets such as entity extraction,relation extraction,entity linking,and link prediction.Moreover,this article also provides an analysis of the unresolved challenges and emerging trajectories that beckon within the expansive application of machine learning-fueled,large-scale KG construction. 展开更多
关键词 knowledge graph(KG) semantic network relation extraction entity linking knowledge reasoning
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Combining Deep Learning with Knowledge Graph for Design Knowledge Acquisition in Conceptual Product Design 被引量:1
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作者 Yuexin Huang Suihuai Yu +4 位作者 Jianjie Chu Zhaojing Su Yangfan Cong Hanyu Wang Hao Fan 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第1期167-200,共34页
The acquisition of valuable design knowledge from massive fragmentary data is challenging for designers in conceptual product design.This study proposes a novel method for acquiring design knowledge by combining deep ... The acquisition of valuable design knowledge from massive fragmentary data is challenging for designers in conceptual product design.This study proposes a novel method for acquiring design knowledge by combining deep learning with knowledge graph.Specifically,the design knowledge acquisition method utilises the knowledge extraction model to extract design-related entities and relations from fragmentary data,and further constructs the knowledge graph to support design knowledge acquisition for conceptual product design.Moreover,the knowledge extraction model introduces ALBERT to solve memory limitation and communication overhead in the entity extraction module,and uses multi-granularity information to overcome segmentation errors and polysemy ambiguity in the relation extraction module.Experimental comparison verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed knowledge extraction model.The case study demonstrated the feasibility of the knowledge graph construction with real fragmentary porcelain data and showed the capability to provide designers with interconnected and visualised design knowledge. 展开更多
关键词 Conceptual product design design knowledge acquisition knowledge graph entity extraction relation extraction
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融合知识图谱和XGBoost的车辆故障诊断研究
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作者 胡杰 陈林 +4 位作者 魏敏 耿黄政 张潇 卿海华 乔美昀 《机械科学与技术》 北大核心 2026年第1期163-172,共10页
为解决目前车企售后维修存在的过度依赖维修技师经验、维修手册查阅低效和维修历史数据未有效利用等问题,基于某车企闲置的售后维修数据,将知识图谱引入汽车故障领域。鉴于数据中部分字段的文本数据为长文本类型,提出一种基于规则预处... 为解决目前车企售后维修存在的过度依赖维修技师经验、维修手册查阅低效和维修历史数据未有效利用等问题,基于某车企闲置的售后维修数据,将知识图谱引入汽车故障领域。鉴于数据中部分字段的文本数据为长文本类型,提出一种基于规则预处理与深度学习模型实体抽取结合的方法,挖掘利用车辆维修历史数据,完成汽车故障知识图谱的构建。为有效利用汽车故障知识图谱协助维修技师进行故障诊断,设计了一种基于知识图谱的车辆故障诊断流程,该流程包含一种融合知识图谱多实体和XGBoost的故障诊断方法。实验对比和实际案例测试分别验证了故障诊断方法的有效性和流程的实际可用性。 展开更多
关键词 知识图谱 XGBoost 故障诊断 深度学习 实体抽取
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基于施工安全事故的知识图谱构建研究
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作者 陈婷 王逸晨 +2 位作者 张志成 招云芳 施斌 《安全与环境学报》 北大核心 2026年第3期1065-1078,共14页
针对目前建筑施工领域施工安全事故频发,传统安全管理模式未能有效利用施工安全数据的问题,构建了施工安全事故知识图谱,以提高精益施工和安全监管水平。在施工安全事故知识库中定义了7种实体类型和6种关系类型,并在此基础上通过实体关... 针对目前建筑施工领域施工安全事故频发,传统安全管理模式未能有效利用施工安全数据的问题,构建了施工安全事故知识图谱,以提高精益施工和安全监管水平。在施工安全事故知识库中定义了7种实体类型和6种关系类型,并在此基础上通过实体关系标注构建施工安全事故知识图谱数据集ConstructionKG。采用MacBERT-MultiFeature-Fusion模型进行施工安全事故的命名实体识别(Named Entity Recognition,NER)任务,采用MacBERT-MaskFUSE模型进行关系抽取(Relation Extraction,RE)任务。试验结果表明,所提出的模型在命名实体识别和关系抽取任务中F_1分别达到了94.12%和95.26%,保证了知识图谱的质量和可靠性。最终,在图数据库Neo4j中对施工安全事故知识图谱进行存储和可视化,实现了建筑业与信息技术的有机结合,推动精益施工和安全监管的实施。 展开更多
关键词 安全工程 知识图谱 施工安全 安全事故 命名实体识别 关系抽取
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Entity and relation extraction with rule-guided dictionary as domain knowledge 被引量:3
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作者 Xinzhi WANG Jiahao LI +2 位作者 Ze ZHENG Yudong CHANG Min ZHU 《Frontiers of Engineering Management》 2022年第4期610-622,共13页
Entity and relation extraction is an indispensable part of domain knowledge graph construction,which can serve relevant knowledge needs in a specific domain,such as providing support for product research,sales,risk co... Entity and relation extraction is an indispensable part of domain knowledge graph construction,which can serve relevant knowledge needs in a specific domain,such as providing support for product research,sales,risk control,and domain hotspot analysis.The existing entity and relation extraction methods that depend on pretrained models have shown promising performance on open datasets.However,the performance of these methods degrades when they face domain-specific datasets.Entity extraction models treat characters as basic semantic units while ignoring known character dependency in specific domains.Relation extraction is based on the hypothesis that the relations hidden in sentences are unified,thereby neglecting that relations may be diverse in different entity tuples.To address the problems above,this paper first introduced prior knowledge composed of domain dictionaries to enhance characters’dependence.Second,domain rules were built to eliminate noise in entity relations and promote potential entity relation extraction.Finally,experiments were designed to verify the effectiveness of our proposed methods.Experimental results on two domains,including laser industry and unmanned ship,showed the superiority of our methods.The F1 value on laser industry entity,unmanned ship entity,laser industry relation,and unmanned ship relation datasets is improved by+1%,+6%,+2%,and+1%,respectively.In addition,the extraction accuracy of entity relation triplet reaches 83%and 76%on laser industry entity pair and unmanned ship entity pair datasets,respectively. 展开更多
关键词 entity extraction relation extraction prior knowledge domain rule
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面向电力运维的知识图谱构建:基于EBOM模型的实体关系联合抽取
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作者 王堃 张馨予 +1 位作者 陈志刚 阳予晋 《计算机工程与科学》 北大核心 2026年第2期286-298,共13页
知识抽取作为构建电力知识图谱的关键步骤,能够从大量非结构化电力文本中准确提取实体和关系。然而,传统的流水线方式存在以下问题:错误信息在识别过程中向后传递,实体识别与关系抽取任务割裂,以及容易产生冗余信息。这些问题导致抽取... 知识抽取作为构建电力知识图谱的关键步骤,能够从大量非结构化电力文本中准确提取实体和关系。然而,传统的流水线方式存在以下问题:错误信息在识别过程中向后传递,实体识别与关系抽取任务割裂,以及容易产生冗余信息。这些问题导致抽取精确率低、信息不全面,从而影响知识图谱的构建质量。针对这些挑战,提出了一种面向电力信息系统运维领域的实体关系联合抽取模型——EBOM,并对电力信息运维领域常用模型OneRel的目标函数进行了优化,以提升其在电力知识三元组抽取中的精确率。基于电力信息系统运行监控数据和故障文本数据进行实验,构建了电力信息系统运维领域的知识图谱。结果表明,EBOM模型相较于多模块多步骤模型PRGC,在知识抽取精确率上提升了约8个百分点,为电力信息运维领域知识图谱的构建提供了有效支持。 展开更多
关键词 知识抽取 实体关系联合抽取 电力信息系统
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一种基于知识图谱的SMT智能故障诊断模型设计与实现
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作者 崔更申 李书漪 +3 位作者 黄春跃 梁颖 张怀权 曹知勤 《控制理论与应用》 北大核心 2026年第2期305-315,共11页
针对表面组装生产工艺复杂、生产过程易出现设备故障和工艺缺陷的特点,本文设计了一种基于故障知识图谱的面向表面组装生产的智能故障诊断模型.同时针对知识图谱构建过程的关键技术–故障实体抽取进行研究,设计并实现了一种基于BERT-Res... 针对表面组装生产工艺复杂、生产过程易出现设备故障和工艺缺陷的特点,本文设计了一种基于故障知识图谱的面向表面组装生产的智能故障诊断模型.同时针对知识图谱构建过程的关键技术–故障实体抽取进行研究,设计并实现了一种基于BERT-Residual-BiLSTM-CRF的面向表面组装生产故障日志的故障实体抽取模型.首先根据表面组装技术(SMT)故障日志文本构建故障实体抽取模型的训练、测试数据集,其次采用TensorFlow框架搭建SMT故障实体抽取模型,最后利用训练好的模型进行对照试验.结果表明,所设计的故障实体抽取模型的故障实体识别精确率、召回率和F值平均值较基础模型BERT-BiLSTM-CRF分别提高了约0.26,0.28和0.24. 展开更多
关键词 表面组装生产 智能故障诊断 知识图谱 故障实体抽取
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面向短文本-多领域科技实体抽取的提示工程构建研究
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作者 孙蒙鸽 王燕鹏 +1 位作者 付芸 刘细文 《数据分析与知识发现》 北大核心 2026年第1期133-149,共17页
【目的】在多领域科技实体抽取任务中,科技短文本通常存在因语义稀疏导致上下文信息不足、知识实体领域跨度大、实体边界模糊等问题。由此,本研究提出一种基于知识提示学习的Scientific Prompt知识实体抽取策略。【方法】首先提出以科... 【目的】在多领域科技实体抽取任务中,科技短文本通常存在因语义稀疏导致上下文信息不足、知识实体领域跨度大、实体边界模糊等问题。由此,本研究提出一种基于知识提示学习的Scientific Prompt知识实体抽取策略。【方法】首先提出以科技问题为基本切分单元的实体边界识别方法,以明确短文本中的知识实体边界;其次,利用知识蒸馏技术构建自动标注体系,获取小规模高质量多领域实体数据集。在此基础上,设计了包含BERTopic动态采样与自我一致性校验的两阶段Scientific Prompt策略,借助BERTopic将领域知识动态引入提示词中,以扩展稀疏短文本语义上下文。【结果】在Scientific Prompt策略作用下,Qwen2.5-7B、Qwen 2.5-7B(微调)与GPT-4o的F1值分别为0.6526、0.7407、0.7878;而Zero-Shot下对应模型的F1值分别为0.5534、0.6165、0.6822。在短文本-多领域实体抽取任务中,Scientific Prompt策略作用下的开源模型略优于对其微调的效果(0.6526 vs 0.6165);该策略作用下的微调Qwen 2.5-7B模型表现略优于仅使用GPT-4o的效果(0.7407 vs 0.6822)。【局限】仅测试了Scientific Prompt策略在中文科技短文本上的表现。【结论】与微调方式相比,Scientific Prompt策略无需更新模型参数即可显著提升大语言模型在短文本-多领域知识实体抽取任务中的性能。在大规模无监督科技短文本中,Scientific Prompt策略可以有效提升大语言模型在多领域知识实体识别中的语义理解和感知能力,增强抽取的精确性和泛化能力,为通用型中文科技短文本知识实体抽取任务提供了重要的技术路径参考。 展开更多
关键词 知识提示策略 多领域知识实体抽取 动态提示工程 科技短文本
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面向威胁情报分析的恶意软件知识图谱构建
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作者 向尕 胡演 +3 位作者 张仰森 孙露 齐睿 谭自程 《应用科学学报》 北大核心 2026年第1期67-82,共16页
威胁情报分析是提高主动防御能力的重要手段,研究恶意软件知识图谱构建对提高恶意软件的检测能力具有重要意义。在恶意软件知识图谱构建中,实体和关系抽取的准确性和完整性有待进一步提高。本文提出一种基于联合抽取模型的恶意软件知识... 威胁情报分析是提高主动防御能力的重要手段,研究恶意软件知识图谱构建对提高恶意软件的检测能力具有重要意义。在恶意软件知识图谱构建中,实体和关系抽取的准确性和完整性有待进一步提高。本文提出一种基于联合抽取模型的恶意软件知识图谱构建方法。首先,提出了一种面向威胁情报分析的恶意软件本体模型,并定义了12种关系类型,以规范表达恶意软件关键知识。然后,提出了一种基于RoBERTa-Wwm和指针标注的联合抽取模型,以抽取恶意软件实体和关系,从而实现图谱的构建。实验表明,该联合抽取模型的F1值最高可达0.841。本文研究对恶意软件威胁情报的自动分析具有重要意义,也为提高主动防御能力奠定了基础。 展开更多
关键词 恶意软件 知识图谱 威胁情报 实体抽取 关系抽取
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基于大语言模型的弱结构化数据通用问答对实体关系抽取研究
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作者 张天舒 申姝婧 +1 位作者 张子成 杨建林 《情报理论与实践》 北大核心 2026年第2期179-188,共10页
[目的/意义]弱结构化数据因其隐含语义特征而具有较高的潜在价值,但其非规范性和异构性的表征形式使得传统方法在处理该类数据时面临抽取效果不佳和标注成本高等问题。本文提出一种基于大语言模型的实体关系抽取通用框架,通过大语言模... [目的/意义]弱结构化数据因其隐含语义特征而具有较高的潜在价值,但其非规范性和异构性的表征形式使得传统方法在处理该类数据时面临抽取效果不佳和标注成本高等问题。本文提出一种基于大语言模型的实体关系抽取通用框架,通过大语言模型强大的泛化、生成和推理能力,在标注资源有限和需求快速迭代的场景下为弱结构化数据处理提供高效、可扩展的解决方案。[方法/过程]该框架结合提示工程将抽取任务划分为问答对重构、实体识别、关系抽取与三元组增强4个阶段,有效提升了抽取任务的准确性与鲁棒性。本文以江苏省13个地级市的政府信箱问答数据为应用案例验证该框架的有效性。[结果/结论]实验表明,该框架在精确率、召回率和F1值等方面均表现优异,尤其Qwen模型在多个主流中文大语言模型中效果最佳。进一步实证发现,所提出方法能够准确识别“诉求事项—回应内容”等核心实体,不仅验证了该方法在问答数据中的应用价值,而且对政务信息智能化管理实践具有重要参考价值。 展开更多
关键词 大语言模型 实体识别 关系抽取 弱结构化数据 知识抽取
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基于知识图谱的舰船问答系统
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作者 陈琨 陈思源 +3 位作者 张舵 高靖雯 李欣雨 刘军民 《工程数学学报》 北大核心 2026年第1期183-198,共16页
随着数字化改革与海洋信息化建设的推进,对于舰船数据信息整合与知识问答的需求更加迫切。基于知识图谱的问答系统因其相较于传统搜索引擎更智能、更高效、更准确的问答体验,越来越受到研究人员的重视。构建了舰船知识图谱,并基于知识... 随着数字化改革与海洋信息化建设的推进,对于舰船数据信息整合与知识问答的需求更加迫切。基于知识图谱的问答系统因其相较于传统搜索引擎更智能、更高效、更准确的问答体验,越来越受到研究人员的重视。构建了舰船知识图谱,并基于知识图谱实现了舰船知识问答系统的搭建。为更好地实现知识文本中三元组抽取与用户问题的意图识别,提出了一种融合BERT、卷积神经网络和注意力机制的BERT-CNN-Att命名实体识别模型,以及由BERT和双向长短时记忆网络构成的BERT-BiLSTM关系抽取模型。与知识抽取的传统神经网络不同,命名实体识别模型还引入了词汇反馈和词汇增强机制,实现了低层表征对高层信息的充分利用,极大丰富了语义的表征信息。实验结果表明,模型在命名实体识别与关系抽取任务中取得了很好的效果与明显的速度提升。此外,对问答系统架构进行了详细设计,最终构建了基于知识图谱的交互式舰船知识问答系统,测试结果显示该系统能够满足用户的舰船知识问答需求。 展开更多
关键词 知识图谱 舰船 命名实体识别 关系抽取 问答系统
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航空事故领域的知识抽取方法研究与实现
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作者 刘军 曹悦 +1 位作者 刘向军 王宏艳 《东北大学学报(自然科学版)》 北大核心 2026年第1期89-98,共10页
随着航空运输业与信息技术的快速发展,航空应急管理给海量、异构的航空安全数据高效利用带来了挑战.本文针对航空事故知识图谱的知识抽取问题,即命名实体识别与关系抽取问题,提出以下方法:1)提出基于BERT(bidirectional encoder represe... 随着航空运输业与信息技术的快速发展,航空应急管理给海量、异构的航空安全数据高效利用带来了挑战.本文针对航空事故知识图谱的知识抽取问题,即命名实体识别与关系抽取问题,提出以下方法:1)提出基于BERT(bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers)的改进BiGRU-IDCNN-CRF模型,实现94.69%的命名实体识别精确率;2)构建基于强化学习的聚类远程监督关系抽取模型,结合改进K均值聚类与远程监督标注降低数据噪声,并通过强化学习优化去噪过程,最终结合分段卷积神经网络(PCNN)与注意力机制,实现84.16%的关系抽取精确率.实验结果表明,本文方法有效提升了航空事故知识图谱的信息提取质量,为航空安全管理提供了精准的信息支撑. 展开更多
关键词 航空事故 知识抽取 命名实体识别 关系抽取 远程监督 强化学习
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基于网络文本的地理实体语义关系提取技术研究综述
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作者 马超 杜凯旋 王磊 《地球信息科学学报》 北大核心 2026年第1期75-88,共14页
【意义】地理实体语义关系提取是地理信息处理与自然语言处理交叉领域的核心任务,旨在从非结构化文本中识别地理实体,并抽取实体间的语义关联关系。作为地理信息科学从几何建模向认知智能转型的核心环节,地理实体语义关系提取技术通过... 【意义】地理实体语义关系提取是地理信息处理与自然语言处理交叉领域的核心任务,旨在从非结构化文本中识别地理实体,并抽取实体间的语义关联关系。作为地理信息科学从几何建模向认知智能转型的核心环节,地理实体语义关系提取技术通过解译实体间的时空交互机制建立实体间的逻辑关联,对于丰富地理实体数据内涵、实现人机兼容理解、支持复杂空间分析、提高地理信息智能化应用等方面具有重要作用。【分析】本文系统综述了基于网络文本的地理实体语义关系提取技术的研究进展,总结出基于规则方法、统计机器学习、深度学习三大类提取方法,详细分析了各类方法的技术演进路径、当前研究现状、方法适用性及缺点不足,并对地理实体语义关系提取技术的未来研究方向进行了展望。【目的】本研究旨在为相关研究者提供系统化的技术发展脉络梳理,帮助快速把握领域研究现状;关键技术的对比分析,为算法选型提供决策依据;前沿挑战与潜在突破方向的预判,启发创新性研究思路。 展开更多
关键词 地理实体 语义关系 关系提取 知识图谱 深度学习 空间关系 自然语言理解 关系推理
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加氢裂化装置工艺操作知识图谱构建与应用
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作者 陈思敏 汤淳 +2 位作者 汪张扬 李润泽 曹跃 《科学技术创新》 2026年第2期72-76,共5页
加氢裂化装置是中重质油高效转化的核心生产装置,具有生产流程长、多变量耦合、工艺操作规范复杂等特点,操作知识学习成本高,专业性要求强,难以快速普及和有效运用。基于生产报表、工艺卡片、操作技术规程以及HAZOP文档等,提出了一种结... 加氢裂化装置是中重质油高效转化的核心生产装置,具有生产流程长、多变量耦合、工艺操作规范复杂等特点,操作知识学习成本高,专业性要求强,难以快速普及和有效运用。基于生产报表、工艺卡片、操作技术规程以及HAZOP文档等,提出了一种结合规则与机器学习的混合策略的命名实体识别方法以及利用遍历查找和分类建立的多项实体关系抽取方法,解决了知识文本难以识别实体和抽取关系的问题,构建了加氢裂化装置工艺操作知识图谱。经加氢裂化装置操作实际案例验证,说明了所构建知识图谱解决实际案例的有效性和可行性,为加氢裂化装置工艺操作提供结构化和可视化工具。 展开更多
关键词 加氢裂化装置 工艺操作 命名实体识别 实体关系抽取 知识图谱构建 知识图谱应用
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