The tree frog is a prominent amphibian among terrestrial vertebrates known for its ability to adhere to various surfaces through the capillary forces of water in the microchannels between micropillars on its disc-shap...The tree frog is a prominent amphibian among terrestrial vertebrates known for its ability to adhere to various surfaces through the capillary forces of water in the microchannels between micropillars on its disc-shaped toe pads,a phenomenon known as wet adhesion.However,the secretion pattern of mucus on the attachment surface of living tree frog toe pads and the distribution of active mucus pores(AMPs)have not yet been fully elucidated.In this study,we utilized synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography and interference reflection microscopy to obtain the spatial distribution of the entire population of ventral mucus glands on the toe pads of living tree frogs and the real-time mucus secretion patterns from the ventral mucus pores on the contact surface under different environmental conditions.We observed that the number and secretion frequency of AMPs on the toe pad are regulated according to environmental conditions.Such dynamic mucus secretion on the tree frog’s toe pad could contribute to the understanding of capillary force regulation for wet adhesion and the development of adhesive surfaces by mimicking the mucus-secreting toe pad.展开更多
Goblet cells(GCs)are specialised guardians lining the intestine.They play a critical role in gut defence and immune regulation.GCs continuously secrete mucus creating a physical barrier to protect from pathogens while...Goblet cells(GCs)are specialised guardians lining the intestine.They play a critical role in gut defence and immune regulation.GCs continuously secrete mucus creating a physical barrier to protect from pathogens while harbouring symbiotic gut bacteria adapted to live within the mucus.GCs also form specialised GC-associated passages in a dynamic and regulated manner to deliver luminal antigens to immune cells,promoting gut tolerance and preventing inflammation.The composition of gut bacteria directly influences GC function,highlighting the intricate interplay between these components of a healthy gut.Indeed,imbalances in the gut microbiome can disrupt GC function,contributing to various gastrointestinal diseases like colorectal cancer,inflammatory bowel disease,cystic fibrosis,pathogen infections and liver diseases.This review explores the interplay between GCs and the immune system.We delve into the underlying mechanisms by which GC dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of gastrointestinal diseases.Finally,we examine current and potential treatments that target GCs and represent promising avenues for further investigation.展开更多
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Grant Nos.2022R1A2C1007366 and 2021R1A2C1008787).
文摘The tree frog is a prominent amphibian among terrestrial vertebrates known for its ability to adhere to various surfaces through the capillary forces of water in the microchannels between micropillars on its disc-shaped toe pads,a phenomenon known as wet adhesion.However,the secretion pattern of mucus on the attachment surface of living tree frog toe pads and the distribution of active mucus pores(AMPs)have not yet been fully elucidated.In this study,we utilized synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography and interference reflection microscopy to obtain the spatial distribution of the entire population of ventral mucus glands on the toe pads of living tree frogs and the real-time mucus secretion patterns from the ventral mucus pores on the contact surface under different environmental conditions.We observed that the number and secretion frequency of AMPs on the toe pad are regulated according to environmental conditions.Such dynamic mucus secretion on the tree frog’s toe pad could contribute to the understanding of capillary force regulation for wet adhesion and the development of adhesive surfaces by mimicking the mucus-secreting toe pad.
基金supported in part by NIH grants R01 AA029106-01A1,1R21 AA030654-01A1,P30 AR073761the D34 HP31027 UC San Diego's Hispanic Center of Excellence,by the Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases(ALPD)and Cirrhosis(P50 AA011999)funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism(NIAAA)and its Animal Core facilities,by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases(AASLD)Pinnacle Research Award in Liver Disease(8998GA)+1 种基金by the Isenberg Endowed Fellowship jointly awarded by the Pilot/Feasibility Program of the San Diego Digestive Diseases Research Center(SDDRC),the Hellman Family Foundation(P30 DK120515)(to CL)the postdoctoral program(POS_2023_2_0015),Basque Government(to AE).
文摘Goblet cells(GCs)are specialised guardians lining the intestine.They play a critical role in gut defence and immune regulation.GCs continuously secrete mucus creating a physical barrier to protect from pathogens while harbouring symbiotic gut bacteria adapted to live within the mucus.GCs also form specialised GC-associated passages in a dynamic and regulated manner to deliver luminal antigens to immune cells,promoting gut tolerance and preventing inflammation.The composition of gut bacteria directly influences GC function,highlighting the intricate interplay between these components of a healthy gut.Indeed,imbalances in the gut microbiome can disrupt GC function,contributing to various gastrointestinal diseases like colorectal cancer,inflammatory bowel disease,cystic fibrosis,pathogen infections and liver diseases.This review explores the interplay between GCs and the immune system.We delve into the underlying mechanisms by which GC dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of gastrointestinal diseases.Finally,we examine current and potential treatments that target GCs and represent promising avenues for further investigation.
