Rationale:Dengue fever is a leading cause of death in tropical and subtropical countries.Although most patients have a self-limited febrile illness,the viral infection can induce virus-mediated host changes,making imm...Rationale:Dengue fever is a leading cause of death in tropical and subtropical countries.Although most patients have a self-limited febrile illness,the viral infection can induce virus-mediated host changes,making immunocompetent persons susceptible to deadly fungal infections.However,there are only a few reports of such an association.Here we present a case of this deadly co-infection.Patient’s Concern:A 17-year-old male patient was diagnosed with dengue fever.He presented to us with facial swelling,periorbital edema,and black discoloration over the palate during the second week of his illness.Diagnosis:Diagnostic tests confirmed the presence of fungal hyphae.A diagnosis of post-dengue mucormycosis was made.No other comorbidity or underlying immune deficit was detected.Interventions:The patient underwent surgical debridement and antifungal treatment.Outcomes:The patient recovered and showed signs of palatal healing with an advancing mucosal edge.Lessons:Dengue virus and mucor co-infection has brought to light a new pathogenic paradigm.Clinicians need to be aware of this emerging medical condition and maintain a high index of suspicion for mucor co-infections while treating dengue patients.展开更多
Microbial transformation of gastrodin by Mucor spinosus strain 3.3450, resulted in a product with a transformation rate close to 100 per cent. This product was identified as p-hydroxy benzyl alcohol on the basis of it...Microbial transformation of gastrodin by Mucor spinosus strain 3.3450, resulted in a product with a transformation rate close to 100 per cent. This product was identified as p-hydroxy benzyl alcohol on the basis of its 1H, 13C NMR and EI-MS spectral data. It could be inferred that the enzyme responsible for the biotransforma-tion reaction was a kind of extracellular and constitutive enzyme since the transformation reaction of the substrate could be carried out in cell free extracts of the fermentation broth of the Mucor spinosus.展开更多
Mucormycosis is on the rise especially among patients with immunosuppressive conditions. There seems to be more cases seen at the end of summer and towards early autumn. Several studies have attempted to look at the s...Mucormycosis is on the rise especially among patients with immunosuppressive conditions. There seems to be more cases seen at the end of summer and towards early autumn. Several studies have attempted to look at the seasonal variations of fungal pathogens in variou indoor and outdoor settings. Only two reports, both from the Middle East, have addressed the relationship of mucormycosis in human disease with climate conditions. In this paper we review, the relationship of indoor and outdoor fungal particulates to the weather conditions and the reported seasonal variation of human cases.展开更多
Isoangustone A （1） is an isoprenylated flavonoid isolated from licorice. It has been reported to possess anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. In order to increase its structu...Isoangustone A （1） is an isoprenylated flavonoid isolated from licorice. It has been reported to possess anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. In order to increase its structural diversity, microbial transformation of 1 was conducted by Mucor hiemalis CGMCC 3.14114 to obtain three new compounds. By extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses, their structures were identified as isoangustone A 7-O-glucoside （2）, isoangustone A 7-O-glucoside-4＇-O-sulfate （3）, and isoangustone A 7,3 ＇di-O-glucoside （4）, respectively. The major biotransformation reaction was glycosylation at C-7. Sulfation is rare for microbial transformation.展开更多
Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a...Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene （BaP）. The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP.展开更多
Fibrinolytic enzymes have received attention regarding their medicinal potential for thrombolytic diseases, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Various natural enzymes purified from animal, plant and...Fibrinolytic enzymes have received attention regarding their medicinal potential for thrombolytic diseases, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Various natural enzymes purified from animal, plant and microbial sources have been extensively studied. The aim of this work was to produce fibrinolytic protease by solid state fermentation using agro industrial substrates. Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus UCP 1295 and Mucor subtillissimus UCP 1262 filamentous fungi species isolated from soil of Caatinga-PE, Brasil, were used as producer microorganisms. Wheat bran was shown to be the best substrate for the production of the enzyme and by using a 23 full factorial design the main effects and interactions of the quantity of the substrate wheat bran, moisture and temperature on the fibrinolytic enzyme production and protease were evaluated. The best results for fibrinolytic and protease activities, 144.58 U/mL and 48.33 U/mL, respectively, were obtained with Mucor subtillissimus UCP 1262 using as culture medium 3 g wheat bran, 50% moisture at a temperature of 25°C for 72 hours. The optimum temperature for the produced enzyme was 45°C and most of its original activity was retained after being subjected to 80°C for 120 min. The protease activity was enhanced by K+, Ca+ and Mn+;but with Cu+ there was an inhibition. The specificity to chromogenic substrate and the inhibition by PMSF indicates that it is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. Presented results suggest that this enzyme produced by solid-state fermentation is an interesting alternative as a candidate for thrombolytic therapy.展开更多
文摘Rationale:Dengue fever is a leading cause of death in tropical and subtropical countries.Although most patients have a self-limited febrile illness,the viral infection can induce virus-mediated host changes,making immunocompetent persons susceptible to deadly fungal infections.However,there are only a few reports of such an association.Here we present a case of this deadly co-infection.Patient’s Concern:A 17-year-old male patient was diagnosed with dengue fever.He presented to us with facial swelling,periorbital edema,and black discoloration over the palate during the second week of his illness.Diagnosis:Diagnostic tests confirmed the presence of fungal hyphae.A diagnosis of post-dengue mucormycosis was made.No other comorbidity or underlying immune deficit was detected.Interventions:The patient underwent surgical debridement and antifungal treatment.Outcomes:The patient recovered and showed signs of palatal healing with an advancing mucosal edge.Lessons:Dengue virus and mucor co-infection has brought to light a new pathogenic paradigm.Clinicians need to be aware of this emerging medical condition and maintain a high index of suspicion for mucor co-infections while treating dengue patients.
基金The National Outstanding Youth Foundation by NSF of ChinaTrans-Century Training Program Foundation for Talents by the Ministry of Education for financial support.
文摘Microbial transformation of gastrodin by Mucor spinosus strain 3.3450, resulted in a product with a transformation rate close to 100 per cent. This product was identified as p-hydroxy benzyl alcohol on the basis of its 1H, 13C NMR and EI-MS spectral data. It could be inferred that the enzyme responsible for the biotransforma-tion reaction was a kind of extracellular and constitutive enzyme since the transformation reaction of the substrate could be carried out in cell free extracts of the fermentation broth of the Mucor spinosus.
文摘Mucormycosis is on the rise especially among patients with immunosuppressive conditions. There seems to be more cases seen at the end of summer and towards early autumn. Several studies have attempted to look at the seasonal variations of fungal pathogens in variou indoor and outdoor settings. Only two reports, both from the Middle East, have addressed the relationship of mucormycosis in human disease with climate conditions. In this paper we review, the relationship of indoor and outdoor fungal particulates to the weather conditions and the reported seasonal variation of human cases.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81173644 and 81222054)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from Chinese Ministry of Education(Grant No.NCET-11-0019)
文摘Isoangustone A （1） is an isoprenylated flavonoid isolated from licorice. It has been reported to possess anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. In order to increase its structural diversity, microbial transformation of 1 was conducted by Mucor hiemalis CGMCC 3.14114 to obtain three new compounds. By extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses, their structures were identified as isoangustone A 7-O-glucoside （2）, isoangustone A 7-O-glucoside-4＇-O-sulfate （3）, and isoangustone A 7,3 ＇di-O-glucoside （4）, respectively. The major biotransformation reaction was glycosylation at C-7. Sulfation is rare for microbial transformation.
基金The National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB418506)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20337010) the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2004AA649060)
文摘Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene （BaP）. The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP.
基金the financial support from CAPES(Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior,Brasília,Brasil),FACEPE(Fundacao de Amparo a Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco,Recife,Brasil)and the CNPq(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico,Brasília,Brasil)the project was approved in network RENNORFUN Notice MCT/CNPq/MMA/MEC/CAPES/FNDCTAcao Transversal/FAPs n.47/2010,Sistema Nacional de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade-SISBIOTA/Brasil.
文摘Fibrinolytic enzymes have received attention regarding their medicinal potential for thrombolytic diseases, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Various natural enzymes purified from animal, plant and microbial sources have been extensively studied. The aim of this work was to produce fibrinolytic protease by solid state fermentation using agro industrial substrates. Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus UCP 1295 and Mucor subtillissimus UCP 1262 filamentous fungi species isolated from soil of Caatinga-PE, Brasil, were used as producer microorganisms. Wheat bran was shown to be the best substrate for the production of the enzyme and by using a 23 full factorial design the main effects and interactions of the quantity of the substrate wheat bran, moisture and temperature on the fibrinolytic enzyme production and protease were evaluated. The best results for fibrinolytic and protease activities, 144.58 U/mL and 48.33 U/mL, respectively, were obtained with Mucor subtillissimus UCP 1262 using as culture medium 3 g wheat bran, 50% moisture at a temperature of 25°C for 72 hours. The optimum temperature for the produced enzyme was 45°C and most of its original activity was retained after being subjected to 80°C for 120 min. The protease activity was enhanced by K+, Ca+ and Mn+;but with Cu+ there was an inhibition. The specificity to chromogenic substrate and the inhibition by PMSF indicates that it is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. Presented results suggest that this enzyme produced by solid-state fermentation is an interesting alternative as a candidate for thrombolytic therapy.
