According to the characteristics of mpox transmission,we establish a class of S1S2EIQR mpox infectious disease models with individual consciousness influence,and obtain the basic reproduction number of the model by us...According to the characteristics of mpox transmission,we establish a class of S1S2EIQR mpox infectious disease models with individual consciousness influence,and obtain the basic reproduction number of the model by using the next generation matrix method.The existence of the endemic equilibrium is demonstrated,and the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium is obtained when R0≤1.When R0>1,the disease-free equilibrium is unstable and the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable.The data of mpox cases from Beijing are collected to simulating the epidemic trends of mpox in the next few months.The results show that increasing the isolation ratio of infected patients,increasing the cure rate of infected patients,and increasing the rate of unconscious to conscious transfer could reduce the cumulative number of mpox infections.展开更多
Inflammatory markers are elevated in people with the zoonotic disease Mpox(formerly known as monkeypox),but how the monkeypox virus(MPXV)drives these responses has remained largely undefined.A new study published in C...Inflammatory markers are elevated in people with the zoonotic disease Mpox(formerly known as monkeypox),but how the monkeypox virus(MPXV)drives these responses has remained largely undefined.A new study published in Cellular&Molecular Immunology[1]revealed that the cytosolic DNA sensor AIM2 triggers inflammasome responses and pyroptosis in MPXV-infected cells,leading to apoptotic and necroptotic cell death in uninfected bystander macrophages.展开更多
Mpox,formerly known as monkeypox,is a viral zoonotic disease endemic to Central and West Africa that has posed significant public health challenges since its identification in 1970.Despite decades of experience in man...Mpox,formerly known as monkeypox,is a viral zoonotic disease endemic to Central and West Africa that has posed significant public health challenges since its identification in 1970.Despite decades of experience in managing outbreaks,the 2022-2024 Mpox outbreaks exposed substantial gaps in global preparedness and response,leading the World Health Organization(WHO)to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)in 2022.The resurgence of cases in Europe in 2022 and the more recent emergence of the virulent clade Ib in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)in 2024 have highlighted a critical need for improved proactive and response strategies to curb the epidemic.This narrative review examines the historical and recent epidemiology of Mpox in Africa and explores the factors that have limited effective management.These include objective influences such as viral mutations,zoonotic transmission patterns,and environmental changes like deforestation,as well as subjective factors,including delayed responses,limited vaccine availability,cessation of smallpox vaccinations,and inequitable access to healthcare.In particular,the review emphasizes the ongoing disparities in global health equity,as wealthier nations have been able to secure vaccines and therapeutics quickly,while endemic regions in Africa continue to struggle with limited resources.The review also discusses how socio-economic and cultural factors,combined with weak public health infrastructure and inadequate surveillance systems,perpetuate cycles of outbreak in vulnerable populations.Furthermore,the emergence of clade Ib in 2024,with its higher virulence and mortality rates among children,particularly in rural areas,underscores the urgency of addressing the evolving epidemiological landscape of Mpox.In response to these challenges,this review recommends strengthening healthcare infrastructure,enhancing surveillance systems,ensuring equitable access to vaccines and treatments,and integrating environmental management into public health strategies.Global collaboration remains essential to provide African countries with the resources and support needed to manage and prevent future outbreaks effectively.Without these measures,the world risks a prolonged public health crisis with far-reaching consequences for both Africa and the global community.展开更多
BACKGROUND Monkeypox(Mpox),is a disease of global public health concern,as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa.AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers(HCWs)s’level of knowledge and confid...BACKGROUND Monkeypox(Mpox),is a disease of global public health concern,as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa.AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers(HCWs)s’level of knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis and management of Mpox.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online survey designed mainly from the World Health Organization course distributed among Burundi HCWs from June-July 2023.The questionnaire comprises 8 socioprofessional-related questions,22 questions about Mpox disease knowledge,and 3 questions to assess confidence in Mpox diagnosis and management.The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 25.0.A P value<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The study sample comprised 471 HCWs who were mainly medical doctors(63.9%)and nurses(30.1%).None of the 22 questions concerning Mpox knowledge had at least 50%correct responses.A very low number of HCWs(17.4%)knew that Mpox has a vaccine.The confidence level to diagnose(21.20%),treat(18.00%)or prevent(23.30%)Mpox was low among HCWs.The confidence level in the diagnosis of Mpox was associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.009),sex(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),and residence(P value<0.001).The confidence level to treat Mpox was significantly associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.050),sex(P value<0.001),education(P value=0.033)and occupation(P value=0.005).The confidence level to prevent Mpox was associated with the HCWs’education(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),residence(P value<0.001)and type of work institution(P value=0.003).CONCLUSION This study revealed that HCWs have the lowest level of knowledge regarding Mpox and a lack of confidence in the ability to diagnose,treat or prevent it.There is an urgent need to organize continuing medical education programs on Mpox epidemiology and preparedness for Burundi HCWs.We encourage future researchers to assess potential hesitancy toward Mpox vaccination and its associated factors.展开更多
The International Health Regulations(IHR)of the republic of South Africa confirmed 20 human monkeypox(mpox)cases including the death of 3 individuals to the World Health Organization(WHO)between 8 May and 2 July 2024....The International Health Regulations(IHR)of the republic of South Africa confirmed 20 human monkeypox(mpox)cases including the death of 3 individuals to the World Health Organization(WHO)between 8 May and 2 July 2024.All the cases were men aged between 17 and 43 years and 11 were men who have sex with men.Out of these cases,15 cases were living with un-managed or recently diagnosed HIV infection.All these cases were symptomatic with extensive skin lesions and required hospitalization.This sudden incidence of mpox cases without any prior history of international travel,high prevalence of HIV and high case fatality ratio,suggests that the community transmission is still prevalent.Rise of mpox cases in vulnerable groups in South Africa has the potential for increased health impact in people living in neighboring countries and has the risk of cross border and international spread.Due to this reason,national health authorities in South Africa have initiated various response measures with the support from the WHO to control this infection[1].展开更多
Monkeypox(Mpox),a zoonotic infection caused by the Mpox virus,has reemerged as a global public health concern,with unique implications for neonatal health.Although rare in newborns,cases of neonatal Mpox pose signific...Monkeypox(Mpox),a zoonotic infection caused by the Mpox virus,has reemerged as a global public health concern,with unique implications for neonatal health.Although rare in newborns,cases of neonatal Mpox pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to limited clinical data and the vulnerability of this population.This narrative review explores the pathophysiology,clinical presentation,diagnostic barriers,and therapeutic strategies associated with Mpox in neonates.Vertical and perinatal transmission have been identified,with some cases presenting with vesicular rashes,fever,lymphadenopathy,and systemic involvement such as respiratory or neurological complications.Diagnosis often relies on polymerase chain reaction testing,yet resource limitations and symptom overlap with other neonatal infections can hinder accurate identification.Antiviral treatments like tecovirimat and cidofovir are considered in severe cases,but dosing in neonates remains uncertain due to a lack of robust safety data.Supportive care,including hydration,fever management,and prevention of secondary infections,is critical.Breastfeeding decisions require individualized assessment due to the unknown risk of viral transmission through breast milk.Preventive strategies emphasize early isolation,surveillance,and infection control measures in neonatal care settings.The review highlights significant research gaps in understanding neonatal Mpox,especially concerning long-term outcomes and optimal treatment protocols.A coordinated global effort is essential to improve diagnostics,develop safe therapeutic options,and establish evidence-based guidelines tailored to neonates.展开更多
Background and objectives:The ongoing mpox outbreaks have garnered significant attention due to their public health implications,particularly the potential mental health impacts.Despite the growing concern,there has b...Background and objectives:The ongoing mpox outbreaks have garnered significant attention due to their public health implications,particularly the potential mental health impacts.Despite the growing concern,there has been limited exploration of the intersection between mpox and mental health within the research literature.This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to examine global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic focus areas related to mpox's psychological and psychiatric implications.Methods:We conducted a bibliometric analysis using Scopus and the Web of Science database.The analysis was carried out using the R-bibliometrics package and involved identifying literature on mpox and mental health,focusing on global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic areas of study.The analysis included 416 documents obtained from 295 sources from January 1,2014 to August 27,2024.Results:Our analysis revealed a growing but unevenly distributed literature on mpox and mental health.Most studies concentrated on the relationship between mpox and conditions such as depression and anxiety,while other psychiatric outcomes remain underexplored.The geographic distribution of research was also uneven,with regions like Europe and the Americas receiving more focus than others.Conclusions:The study highlights the need for more targeted research on the mental health sequelae of mpox,particularly for vulnerable populations and regions that are currently underrepresented in the literature.Future research should include longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of mpox on mental health and the development of robust methodologies to establish causality.Integrating mental health considerations into public health responses to mpox outbreaks is crucial,with significant implications for research,policy,and clinical practice.展开更多
Since May 2022,a severe global Mpox epidemic has underscored the urgent need for a preventative vaccine.On September 16,2022,the mainland of China reported its first case of imported Mpox,which was subsequently follow...Since May 2022,a severe global Mpox epidemic has underscored the urgent need for a preventative vaccine.On September 16,2022,the mainland of China reported its first case of imported Mpox,which was subsequently followed by a significant rise in domestic infections commencing from June 2023.This alarming trend has escalated the likelihood of localized outbreaks and covert transmission,posing a heightened risk to public health.Notably,the United States,many European countries,and Japan have approved the use of smallpox vaccines for Mpox prevention and emergency vaccination post-exposure,based on their cross-protection efficacy.In recent years,virology research has broadened its scope to include investigations into various novel vaccine approaches,such as nucleic acid-based vaccines,protein subunit vaccines,and epitope peptide vaccines,and other related methodologies.This review offers a thorough examination of the current global landscape of Mpox prevalence,delves into the advancements in Mpox vaccine development,and highlights the progress achieved in Mpox vaccine research,serving as a valuable resource and providing technical insights essential for the effective prevention and control of Mpox.展开更多
Rapid and precise diagnostic tools for Monkeypox(Mpox)lesions are crucial for effective treatment because their symptoms are similar to those of other pox-related illnesses,like smallpox and chickenpox.The morphologic...Rapid and precise diagnostic tools for Monkeypox(Mpox)lesions are crucial for effective treatment because their symptoms are similar to those of other pox-related illnesses,like smallpox and chickenpox.The morphological similarities between smallpox,chickenpox,and monkeypox,particularly in how they appear as rashes and skin lesions,which can sometimes make diagnosis challenging.Chickenpox lesions appear in many simultaneous phases and are more diffuse,often beginning on the trunk.In contrast,monkeypox lesions emerge progressively and are typically centralized on the face,palms,and soles.To provide accessible diagnostics,this study introduces a novel method for automated monkeypox lesion classification using the HMTNet(Hybrid Mobile Transformer Network).The convolutional layers and Vision Transformers(ViT)are combined to enhance the spatial features.In addition,we replace the classical MHSA(Multi-head self-attention)with the WMHSA(Window-based Multi-Head Self-Attention)to effectively capture long-range dependencies within image patches and depth-wise separable convolutions for local feature extraction.We trained and validated HMTNet on the two datasets for binary and multiclass classification.The model achieved 98.38% accuracy for multiclass classification using cross-validation and 99.25% accuracy for binary classification.These findings show that the model has the potential to be a useful diagnostic tool for monkeypox,especially in environments with limited resources.展开更多
Background:Vaccinia virus(VACV)and mpox virus(MPXV)belong to the orthopoxvirus genus and share high genetic similarity,making VACV widely used in the mpox pandemic.CAST/EiJ mice have been widely used for studying orth...Background:Vaccinia virus(VACV)and mpox virus(MPXV)belong to the orthopoxvirus genus and share high genetic similarity,making VACV widely used in the mpox pandemic.CAST/EiJ mice have been widely used for studying orthopoxvirus infection.However,the histopathological features of CAST/EiJ mice with mpox virus(MPXV)and vaccinia virus(VACV)infections have not been fully elucidated.Methods:Four group of CAST/EiJ mice were challenged with low-dose VACV(103 PFU,VACV-L),high-dose VACV(106 PFU,VACV-H),MPXV(106 PFU)or PBS via intraperitoneal route,and the disease signs and body weight were monitored daily.Subsequently,viral loads and titers in the blood and spleen of CAST/EiJ mice were analyzed via qPCR and TCID 50 assay.Finally,the spleen samples were analyzed for histopathological,immunohistochemical and RNA-seq.Results:Herein,we found that VACV-L and MPXV caused splenomegaly via the intraperitoneal route,whereas VACV-H caused rapid lethality with limited splenomegaly.Transcriptome analysis from spleen revealed significant differences in gene expression between VACV-L and VACV-H groups,but the differentially expressed genes induced by splenomegaly between VACV-L and MPXV groups were highly similar.Furthermore,pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the VACV-L,VACV-H,and MPXV groups were all associated with the calcium,MAPK,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Compared to the lethal infection observed in VACV-H group,the splenomegaly in the VACV-L and MPXV groups was characterized by extramedullary hematopoiesis and increased macrophages infiltration in the red pulp.Transcriptome analysis of the spleen demonstrated that the Wnt,tumor necrosis factor(TNF),and transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)signaling pathways may promote splenomegaly by modulating granulocyte infiltration and inflammatory responses.Compared to VACV-L group,the limited splenomegaly but lethality in VACV-H-infected mice might be associated with extensive splenic necrosis,diffuse congestion,and hemorrhage in the red pulp,as well as changes in the cGMP-PKG,Ras signaling,and Fc gamma Rmediated phagocytosis pathways.Conclusions:Our findings systematically compared the pathogenicity of VACV and MPXV in CAST/EiJ mice,incorporating splenic transcriptome analysis to provide insights into the potential molecular mechanism behind orthopoxvirus-induced splenomegaly in CAST/EiJ mice.展开更多
The risk of new pathogen emergence is constantly increasing due to several factors,including the expansion and exploration of previously uninhabited regions,increased global trade,tourism,climate change and others.Rec...The risk of new pathogen emergence is constantly increasing due to several factors,including the expansion and exploration of previously uninhabited regions,increased global trade,tourism,climate change and others.Recently,monkeypox(mpox)cases have been increasing,causing alarm as the cases are reported from countries where the disease is not endemic.Mpox virus is an emerging pathogen responsible for human mpox.展开更多
The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations has released seventeen goals for sustainable development and SDG No.3 is“Good Health and Well-being”,which mainly emphasizes the strategies to be a...The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations has released seventeen goals for sustainable development and SDG No.3 is“Good Health and Well-being”,which mainly emphasizes the strategies to be adopted for maintaining a healthy life.The Monkeypox Virus disease was first reported in 1970.Since then,various health initiatives have been taken,including by the WHO.In the present work,we attempt a fractional model of Monkeypox virus disease,which we feel is crucial for a better understanding of this disease.We use the recently introduced ABC fractional derivative to closely examine the Monkeypox virus disease model.The evaluation of this model determines the existence of two equilibrium states.These two stable points exist within the model and include a disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium.The disease-free equilibrium has undergone proof to demonstrate its stability properties.The system remains stable locally and globally whenever the effective reproduction number remains below one.The effective reproduction number becoming greater than unity makes the endemic equilibrium more stable both globally and locally than unity.To comprehensively study the model’s solutions,we employ the Picard-Lindelof approach to investigate their existence and uniqueness.We investigate the Ulam-Hyers and UlamHyers Rassias stability of the fractional order nonlinear framework for the Monkeypox virus disease model.Furthermore,the approximate solutions of the ABC fractional order Monkeypox virus disease model are obtained with the help of a numerical technique combining the Lagrange polynomial interpolation and fundamental theorem of fractional calculus with the ABC fractional derivative.展开更多
基金National Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2025JCYBMS-004).
文摘According to the characteristics of mpox transmission,we establish a class of S1S2EIQR mpox infectious disease models with individual consciousness influence,and obtain the basic reproduction number of the model by using the next generation matrix method.The existence of the endemic equilibrium is demonstrated,and the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium is obtained when R0≤1.When R0>1,the disease-free equilibrium is unstable and the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable.The data of mpox cases from Beijing are collected to simulating the epidemic trends of mpox in the next few months.The results show that increasing the isolation ratio of infected patients,increasing the cure rate of infected patients,and increasing the rate of unconscious to conscious transfer could reduce the cumulative number of mpox infections.
基金HB is supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program(RTP)Stipend ScholarshipAP is supported by a Medical Research Future Fund(MRFF)Early to Mid-Career Researchers grant(2041535)+3 种基金an ANU Hansen Scandinavian Friendship GrantSMM is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)of Australia(under Investigator Grant 2026910)the Australian Government Australia-India Strategic Research Fund and Collaborative Research Project(AIRXV000005)a CSL Centenary Fellowship。
文摘Inflammatory markers are elevated in people with the zoonotic disease Mpox(formerly known as monkeypox),but how the monkeypox virus(MPXV)drives these responses has remained largely undefined.A new study published in Cellular&Molecular Immunology[1]revealed that the cytosolic DNA sensor AIM2 triggers inflammasome responses and pyroptosis in MPXV-infected cells,leading to apoptotic and necroptotic cell death in uninfected bystander macrophages.
文摘Mpox,formerly known as monkeypox,is a viral zoonotic disease endemic to Central and West Africa that has posed significant public health challenges since its identification in 1970.Despite decades of experience in managing outbreaks,the 2022-2024 Mpox outbreaks exposed substantial gaps in global preparedness and response,leading the World Health Organization(WHO)to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)in 2022.The resurgence of cases in Europe in 2022 and the more recent emergence of the virulent clade Ib in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)in 2024 have highlighted a critical need for improved proactive and response strategies to curb the epidemic.This narrative review examines the historical and recent epidemiology of Mpox in Africa and explores the factors that have limited effective management.These include objective influences such as viral mutations,zoonotic transmission patterns,and environmental changes like deforestation,as well as subjective factors,including delayed responses,limited vaccine availability,cessation of smallpox vaccinations,and inequitable access to healthcare.In particular,the review emphasizes the ongoing disparities in global health equity,as wealthier nations have been able to secure vaccines and therapeutics quickly,while endemic regions in Africa continue to struggle with limited resources.The review also discusses how socio-economic and cultural factors,combined with weak public health infrastructure and inadequate surveillance systems,perpetuate cycles of outbreak in vulnerable populations.Furthermore,the emergence of clade Ib in 2024,with its higher virulence and mortality rates among children,particularly in rural areas,underscores the urgency of addressing the evolving epidemiological landscape of Mpox.In response to these challenges,this review recommends strengthening healthcare infrastructure,enhancing surveillance systems,ensuring equitable access to vaccines and treatments,and integrating environmental management into public health strategies.Global collaboration remains essential to provide African countries with the resources and support needed to manage and prevent future outbreaks effectively.Without these measures,the world risks a prolonged public health crisis with far-reaching consequences for both Africa and the global community.
文摘BACKGROUND Monkeypox(Mpox),is a disease of global public health concern,as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa.AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers(HCWs)s’level of knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis and management of Mpox.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online survey designed mainly from the World Health Organization course distributed among Burundi HCWs from June-July 2023.The questionnaire comprises 8 socioprofessional-related questions,22 questions about Mpox disease knowledge,and 3 questions to assess confidence in Mpox diagnosis and management.The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 25.0.A P value<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The study sample comprised 471 HCWs who were mainly medical doctors(63.9%)and nurses(30.1%).None of the 22 questions concerning Mpox knowledge had at least 50%correct responses.A very low number of HCWs(17.4%)knew that Mpox has a vaccine.The confidence level to diagnose(21.20%),treat(18.00%)or prevent(23.30%)Mpox was low among HCWs.The confidence level in the diagnosis of Mpox was associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.009),sex(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),and residence(P value<0.001).The confidence level to treat Mpox was significantly associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.050),sex(P value<0.001),education(P value=0.033)and occupation(P value=0.005).The confidence level to prevent Mpox was associated with the HCWs’education(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),residence(P value<0.001)and type of work institution(P value=0.003).CONCLUSION This study revealed that HCWs have the lowest level of knowledge regarding Mpox and a lack of confidence in the ability to diagnose,treat or prevent it.There is an urgent need to organize continuing medical education programs on Mpox epidemiology and preparedness for Burundi HCWs.We encourage future researchers to assess potential hesitancy toward Mpox vaccination and its associated factors.
文摘The International Health Regulations(IHR)of the republic of South Africa confirmed 20 human monkeypox(mpox)cases including the death of 3 individuals to the World Health Organization(WHO)between 8 May and 2 July 2024.All the cases were men aged between 17 and 43 years and 11 were men who have sex with men.Out of these cases,15 cases were living with un-managed or recently diagnosed HIV infection.All these cases were symptomatic with extensive skin lesions and required hospitalization.This sudden incidence of mpox cases without any prior history of international travel,high prevalence of HIV and high case fatality ratio,suggests that the community transmission is still prevalent.Rise of mpox cases in vulnerable groups in South Africa has the potential for increased health impact in people living in neighboring countries and has the risk of cross border and international spread.Due to this reason,national health authorities in South Africa have initiated various response measures with the support from the WHO to control this infection[1].
文摘Monkeypox(Mpox),a zoonotic infection caused by the Mpox virus,has reemerged as a global public health concern,with unique implications for neonatal health.Although rare in newborns,cases of neonatal Mpox pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to limited clinical data and the vulnerability of this population.This narrative review explores the pathophysiology,clinical presentation,diagnostic barriers,and therapeutic strategies associated with Mpox in neonates.Vertical and perinatal transmission have been identified,with some cases presenting with vesicular rashes,fever,lymphadenopathy,and systemic involvement such as respiratory or neurological complications.Diagnosis often relies on polymerase chain reaction testing,yet resource limitations and symptom overlap with other neonatal infections can hinder accurate identification.Antiviral treatments like tecovirimat and cidofovir are considered in severe cases,but dosing in neonates remains uncertain due to a lack of robust safety data.Supportive care,including hydration,fever management,and prevention of secondary infections,is critical.Breastfeeding decisions require individualized assessment due to the unknown risk of viral transmission through breast milk.Preventive strategies emphasize early isolation,surveillance,and infection control measures in neonatal care settings.The review highlights significant research gaps in understanding neonatal Mpox,especially concerning long-term outcomes and optimal treatment protocols.A coordinated global effort is essential to improve diagnostics,develop safe therapeutic options,and establish evidence-based guidelines tailored to neonates.
文摘Background and objectives:The ongoing mpox outbreaks have garnered significant attention due to their public health implications,particularly the potential mental health impacts.Despite the growing concern,there has been limited exploration of the intersection between mpox and mental health within the research literature.This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to examine global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic focus areas related to mpox's psychological and psychiatric implications.Methods:We conducted a bibliometric analysis using Scopus and the Web of Science database.The analysis was carried out using the R-bibliometrics package and involved identifying literature on mpox and mental health,focusing on global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic areas of study.The analysis included 416 documents obtained from 295 sources from January 1,2014 to August 27,2024.Results:Our analysis revealed a growing but unevenly distributed literature on mpox and mental health.Most studies concentrated on the relationship between mpox and conditions such as depression and anxiety,while other psychiatric outcomes remain underexplored.The geographic distribution of research was also uneven,with regions like Europe and the Americas receiving more focus than others.Conclusions:The study highlights the need for more targeted research on the mental health sequelae of mpox,particularly for vulnerable populations and regions that are currently underrepresented in the literature.Future research should include longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of mpox on mental health and the development of robust methodologies to establish causality.Integrating mental health considerations into public health responses to mpox outbreaks is crucial,with significant implications for research,policy,and clinical practice.
文摘Since May 2022,a severe global Mpox epidemic has underscored the urgent need for a preventative vaccine.On September 16,2022,the mainland of China reported its first case of imported Mpox,which was subsequently followed by a significant rise in domestic infections commencing from June 2023.This alarming trend has escalated the likelihood of localized outbreaks and covert transmission,posing a heightened risk to public health.Notably,the United States,many European countries,and Japan have approved the use of smallpox vaccines for Mpox prevention and emergency vaccination post-exposure,based on their cross-protection efficacy.In recent years,virology research has broadened its scope to include investigations into various novel vaccine approaches,such as nucleic acid-based vaccines,protein subunit vaccines,and epitope peptide vaccines,and other related methodologies.This review offers a thorough examination of the current global landscape of Mpox prevalence,delves into the advancements in Mpox vaccine development,and highlights the progress achieved in Mpox vaccine research,serving as a valuable resource and providing technical insights essential for the effective prevention and control of Mpox.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R432),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘Rapid and precise diagnostic tools for Monkeypox(Mpox)lesions are crucial for effective treatment because their symptoms are similar to those of other pox-related illnesses,like smallpox and chickenpox.The morphological similarities between smallpox,chickenpox,and monkeypox,particularly in how they appear as rashes and skin lesions,which can sometimes make diagnosis challenging.Chickenpox lesions appear in many simultaneous phases and are more diffuse,often beginning on the trunk.In contrast,monkeypox lesions emerge progressively and are typically centralized on the face,palms,and soles.To provide accessible diagnostics,this study introduces a novel method for automated monkeypox lesion classification using the HMTNet(Hybrid Mobile Transformer Network).The convolutional layers and Vision Transformers(ViT)are combined to enhance the spatial features.In addition,we replace the classical MHSA(Multi-head self-attention)with the WMHSA(Window-based Multi-Head Self-Attention)to effectively capture long-range dependencies within image patches and depth-wise separable convolutions for local feature extraction.We trained and validated HMTNet on the two datasets for binary and multiclass classification.The model achieved 98.38% accuracy for multiclass classification using cross-validation and 99.25% accuracy for binary classification.These findings show that the model has the potential to be a useful diagnostic tool for monkeypox,especially in environments with limited resources.
基金Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2023-I2M-2-001National Key Research and Development Project of China,Grant/Award Number:2022YFC2304100 and 2023YFC2309000+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82241068 and 82222041Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:Z220018。
文摘Background:Vaccinia virus(VACV)and mpox virus(MPXV)belong to the orthopoxvirus genus and share high genetic similarity,making VACV widely used in the mpox pandemic.CAST/EiJ mice have been widely used for studying orthopoxvirus infection.However,the histopathological features of CAST/EiJ mice with mpox virus(MPXV)and vaccinia virus(VACV)infections have not been fully elucidated.Methods:Four group of CAST/EiJ mice were challenged with low-dose VACV(103 PFU,VACV-L),high-dose VACV(106 PFU,VACV-H),MPXV(106 PFU)or PBS via intraperitoneal route,and the disease signs and body weight were monitored daily.Subsequently,viral loads and titers in the blood and spleen of CAST/EiJ mice were analyzed via qPCR and TCID 50 assay.Finally,the spleen samples were analyzed for histopathological,immunohistochemical and RNA-seq.Results:Herein,we found that VACV-L and MPXV caused splenomegaly via the intraperitoneal route,whereas VACV-H caused rapid lethality with limited splenomegaly.Transcriptome analysis from spleen revealed significant differences in gene expression between VACV-L and VACV-H groups,but the differentially expressed genes induced by splenomegaly between VACV-L and MPXV groups were highly similar.Furthermore,pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the VACV-L,VACV-H,and MPXV groups were all associated with the calcium,MAPK,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Compared to the lethal infection observed in VACV-H group,the splenomegaly in the VACV-L and MPXV groups was characterized by extramedullary hematopoiesis and increased macrophages infiltration in the red pulp.Transcriptome analysis of the spleen demonstrated that the Wnt,tumor necrosis factor(TNF),and transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)signaling pathways may promote splenomegaly by modulating granulocyte infiltration and inflammatory responses.Compared to VACV-L group,the limited splenomegaly but lethality in VACV-H-infected mice might be associated with extensive splenic necrosis,diffuse congestion,and hemorrhage in the red pulp,as well as changes in the cGMP-PKG,Ras signaling,and Fc gamma Rmediated phagocytosis pathways.Conclusions:Our findings systematically compared the pathogenicity of VACV and MPXV in CAST/EiJ mice,incorporating splenic transcriptome analysis to provide insights into the potential molecular mechanism behind orthopoxvirus-induced splenomegaly in CAST/EiJ mice.
文摘The risk of new pathogen emergence is constantly increasing due to several factors,including the expansion and exploration of previously uninhabited regions,increased global trade,tourism,climate change and others.Recently,monkeypox(mpox)cases have been increasing,causing alarm as the cases are reported from countries where the disease is not endemic.Mpox virus is an emerging pathogen responsible for human mpox.
基金sponsored by Prince Sattam Bin Abulaziz University(PSAU)as part of funding for its SDG Roadmap Research Funding Programme Project Number PSAU-2023-SDG-107.
文摘The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations has released seventeen goals for sustainable development and SDG No.3 is“Good Health and Well-being”,which mainly emphasizes the strategies to be adopted for maintaining a healthy life.The Monkeypox Virus disease was first reported in 1970.Since then,various health initiatives have been taken,including by the WHO.In the present work,we attempt a fractional model of Monkeypox virus disease,which we feel is crucial for a better understanding of this disease.We use the recently introduced ABC fractional derivative to closely examine the Monkeypox virus disease model.The evaluation of this model determines the existence of two equilibrium states.These two stable points exist within the model and include a disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium.The disease-free equilibrium has undergone proof to demonstrate its stability properties.The system remains stable locally and globally whenever the effective reproduction number remains below one.The effective reproduction number becoming greater than unity makes the endemic equilibrium more stable both globally and locally than unity.To comprehensively study the model’s solutions,we employ the Picard-Lindelof approach to investigate their existence and uniqueness.We investigate the Ulam-Hyers and UlamHyers Rassias stability of the fractional order nonlinear framework for the Monkeypox virus disease model.Furthermore,the approximate solutions of the ABC fractional order Monkeypox virus disease model are obtained with the help of a numerical technique combining the Lagrange polynomial interpolation and fundamental theorem of fractional calculus with the ABC fractional derivative.
文摘目的 分析2023―2024年上海市报告猴痘病例的流行病学和临床特征,为疫情防控和临床诊治提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,对上海市2023―2024年报告猴痘病例的流行病学和临床特征进行分析。结果 2023―2024年上海市报告猴痘病例118例,主要分布在2023年,发病高峰为7―8月。病例均为男性,中位年龄为33岁,96.61%为男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM),45.76%为人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染者,87.29%发病前21 d内存在男男性行为。潜伏期为1~18 d,平均7(5, 9)d。有症状者占98.30%,临床症状主要为皮疹(95.76%)、发热(63.56%)和淋巴结肿大(35.59%),首发症状以生殖器皮疹(52.54%)和发热(28.81%)为主。发现方式以主动就诊(92.37%)为主,就诊科室以皮肤(性病)科(50.00%)为主。发病至首次就诊时间间隔为0~42 d,平均时间间隔为3(1, 4)d。疱疹液或皮疹拭子核酸检测阳性率为100.00%,全基因组测序获得序列均为猴痘病毒Ⅱb分支。结论 上海市猴痘病原为Ⅱb分支病毒,主要在MSM人群中通过男男性接触传播。建议继续加强猴痘疫情监测,强化医务人员培训,加强健康干预,警惕猴痘Ⅰ型分支输入风险。
