Non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems has attracted increasing attention owing to a variety of intriguing phenomena absent in equilibrium physics.A prominent example is the quantum Mpemba effect,where ...Non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems has attracted increasing attention owing to a variety of intriguing phenomena absent in equilibrium physics.A prominent example is the quantum Mpemba effect,where subsystem symmetry is restored more rapidly under a symmetric quench from a more asymmetric initial state.In this work,we investigate symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect in many-body localized systems for a range of initial states.We show that symmetry can still be restored in the many-body localization regime without approaching thermal equilibrium.Moreover,we demonstrate that the quantum Mpemba effect emerges universally for any tilted product state,in contrast to chaotic systems where its occurrence depends sensitively on the choice of the initial state.We further provide a theoretical analysis of symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect using an effective model for many-body localization.Overall,this paper fills an important gap in establishing a unified understanding of symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect in generic many-body systems,and it advances our understanding of many-body localization.展开更多
The Mpemba effect is one of the most perplexing puzzles in nature.Although it has been discussed extensively,direct observation of the Mpemba effect is extremely challenging and rare.Herein,we report the first systema...The Mpemba effect is one of the most perplexing puzzles in nature.Although it has been discussed extensively,direct observation of the Mpemba effect is extremely challenging and rare.Herein,we report the first systematic study of the Mpemba effect with water and clearly point out the conditions required for the observation of the Mpemba effect.The results demonstrate that hot water usually has a faster cooling rate than cold water.The initial temperature,temperature difference,shape of the container,and water volume influence the heat exchange and the cooling process.Owing to the influential factors of heat exchange,the Mpemba effect can only be observed under specific conditions.This work helps to clarify doubts and confusion about the Mpemba effect and can offer alternative strategies for energy storage and transfer materials.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to investigate water supercooling. Supercooling occurs when a liquid does not freeze although its temperature is below its freezing point. In general, supercooling is an unstable conditi...The objective of this paper is to investigate water supercooling. Supercooling occurs when a liquid does not freeze although its temperature is below its freezing point. In general, supercooling is an unstable condition and occurs under special conditions. The parameters that influence supercooling stability and probability of occurrence include freezer temperature and water’s initial temperature. In this paper, it is shown that with a freezer temperature range of -3℃ to -8℃, supercooling is most likely to happen and is independent of the water’s initial temperature. Furthermore, as the freezer temperature decreases, the probability of nucleation increases, causing instant freezing. Finally, it is concluded that the Mpemba effect, in which initially hot water freezes faster than initially cold water, is due to the supercooling instability in initially hot water in which nucleation agents are more active.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12347107 and 12334003)the MOSTC(2021YFA1400100)+15 种基金the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the Xplorer Prizesupported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship ProgramChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20250169)the support from Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2024ZD0301700)the start-up grant at IOP-CASsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12075324 and 12222515)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangdong Province(2021QN02X561)supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation(GBMF8685)toward the Princeton Theory Programthe Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s EPiQS Initiative(GBMF11070)the Office of Naval Research(N00014-20–12303)the Global Collaborative Network Grant at Princeton Universitythe Simons Investigator Grant(404513)the BSF Israel US foundation(2018226)the NSF-MERSEC(MERSEC DMR 2011750)the Simons Collaboration on New Frontiers in Superconductivitythe Schmidt Foundation at the Princeton University。
文摘Non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems has attracted increasing attention owing to a variety of intriguing phenomena absent in equilibrium physics.A prominent example is the quantum Mpemba effect,where subsystem symmetry is restored more rapidly under a symmetric quench from a more asymmetric initial state.In this work,we investigate symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect in many-body localized systems for a range of initial states.We show that symmetry can still be restored in the many-body localization regime without approaching thermal equilibrium.Moreover,we demonstrate that the quantum Mpemba effect emerges universally for any tilted product state,in contrast to chaotic systems where its occurrence depends sensitively on the choice of the initial state.We further provide a theoretical analysis of symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect using an effective model for many-body localization.Overall,this paper fills an important gap in establishing a unified understanding of symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect in generic many-body systems,and it advances our understanding of many-body localization.
基金This work was financially supported by“Tianfu Emei”Science and Technology Innovation Leader Program in Sichuan Province,UESTC Talent Start-up Funds(A1098531023601208)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21464015,21472235).
文摘The Mpemba effect is one of the most perplexing puzzles in nature.Although it has been discussed extensively,direct observation of the Mpemba effect is extremely challenging and rare.Herein,we report the first systematic study of the Mpemba effect with water and clearly point out the conditions required for the observation of the Mpemba effect.The results demonstrate that hot water usually has a faster cooling rate than cold water.The initial temperature,temperature difference,shape of the container,and water volume influence the heat exchange and the cooling process.Owing to the influential factors of heat exchange,the Mpemba effect can only be observed under specific conditions.This work helps to clarify doubts and confusion about the Mpemba effect and can offer alternative strategies for energy storage and transfer materials.
文摘The objective of this paper is to investigate water supercooling. Supercooling occurs when a liquid does not freeze although its temperature is below its freezing point. In general, supercooling is an unstable condition and occurs under special conditions. The parameters that influence supercooling stability and probability of occurrence include freezer temperature and water’s initial temperature. In this paper, it is shown that with a freezer temperature range of -3℃ to -8℃, supercooling is most likely to happen and is independent of the water’s initial temperature. Furthermore, as the freezer temperature decreases, the probability of nucleation increases, causing instant freezing. Finally, it is concluded that the Mpemba effect, in which initially hot water freezes faster than initially cold water, is due to the supercooling instability in initially hot water in which nucleation agents are more active.
