According to a series of hypothesis, for the spiral galaxy, a mathematical equation of the graviton movement track is built, it is also the central curve of the nebulae density distribution, which offers the method to...According to a series of hypothesis, for the spiral galaxy, a mathematical equation of the graviton movement track is built, it is also the central curve of the nebulae density distribution, which offers the method to measure the moving speed of the graviton. Using the observed images of the M51 galaxy, it confirms that the graviton movement curve in the spiral galaxy conforms to the image, QUOTE QUOTEis a constant. It points out that by measuring the rate of angular motion of the equivalent center in the galaxy, the real speed of the graviton can be estimated. Under the measuring condition of the M51,. The theory presented in this article also helps to calculate the rotation speed of a galaxy, provided the graviton speed is known for certain. With the model in this article and fitting data from the observation images of M51 galaxy, the guess which says “the moving speed of graviton is a constant” is supported unprecedentedly by observation data. It is for the first time that the upper limit of graviton speed, i.e. no more than times of light speed, is obtained from observation data. At the same time, the paper puts forward one possible way that the lower limit of graviton speed may be measured. And a new idea also brought forward in the paper is that the rotational angular velocity w of the equivalent center which plays an important role in a spiral galaxy may be measured according to the observed data of the thickness of galactic center of the spiral galaxy.展开更多
Behavioral analysis of macaques provides important experimental evidence in the field of neuroscience.In recent years,video-based automatic animal behavior analysis has received widespread attention.However,methods ca...Behavioral analysis of macaques provides important experimental evidence in the field of neuroscience.In recent years,video-based automatic animal behavior analysis has received widespread attention.However,methods capable of extracting and analyzing daily movement trajectories of macaques in their daily living cages remain underdeveloped,with previous approaches usually requiring specific environments to reduce interference from occlusion or environmental change.Here,we introduce a novel method,called MonkeyTrail,which satisfies the above requirements by frequently generating virtual empty backgrounds and using background subtraction to accurately obtain the foreground of moving animals.The empty background is generated by combining the frame difference method(FDM)and deep learning-based model(YOLOv5).The entire setup can be operated with low-cost hardware and can be applied to the daily living environments of individually caged macaques.To test MonkeyTrail performance,we labeled a dataset containing>8000 video frames with the bounding boxes of macaques under various conditions as ground-truth.Results showed that the tracking accuracy and stability of MonkeyTrail exceeded that of two deep learningbased methods(YOLOv5 and Single-Shot MultiBox Detector),traditional frame difference method,and na?ve background subtraction method.Using MonkeyTrail to analyze long-term surveillance video recordings,we successfully assessed changes in animal behavior in terms of movement amount and spatial preference.Thus,these findings demonstrate that MonkeyTrail enables low-cost,large-scale daily behavioral analysis of macaques.展开更多
The curve equation and its mechanics analysis of suspended-cable under the condition of end load are given. Then on the basis of it, the mechanical analysis of suspended-cable system for large spherical radio-telescop...The curve equation and its mechanics analysis of suspended-cable under the condition of end load are given. Then on the basis of it, the mechanical analysis of suspended-cable system for large spherical radio-telescope is studied, and procedures of the control for the orbit tracking movement of the line feed in large spherical radiotelescope are given. The validity of the results mentioned above is confirmed by means of computer simulations.展开更多
The existing methods of landscape visual quality evaluation is mostly based on people's subjective feelings,and the objectivity and scientificity of evaluation results are insufficient.As an important means of exp...The existing methods of landscape visual quality evaluation is mostly based on people's subjective feelings,and the objectivity and scientificity of evaluation results are insufficient.As an important means of experimental psychology,eye movement technology can show great advantages and potential in landscape visual quality evaluation.On the basis of combing and summarizing the relevant literature,based on the explanation of the technical principle of eye movement analysis,the application field,research content,technical methods and other aspects of eye movement analysis were reviewed.The application prospect of eye movement technology in landscape visual quality evaluation was explored to provide theoretical reference for the in-depth evaluation and research of landscape visual quality evaluation theory.展开更多
More and more linear servo systems have been used in servo applications. Direct drive technology can greatly increase the bandwidth and the tracking accuracy. A position servo-system based on linear voice-coil motor w...More and more linear servo systems have been used in servo applications. Direct drive technology can greatly increase the bandwidth and the tracking accuracy. A position servo-system based on linear voice-coil motor was designed for one linear oscillation movement application. Besides the conventional position, speed and current control loops, the speed and acceleration feed-forward control of command position signal were also used. The experimental test proved the correctness of the design, and the system can track the given periodic sinusoid position command signal of 15Hz with high accuracy. The linear voice-coil motor is very suitable for short stroke position tracking application with high dynamic response.展开更多
Introduction: Video examples with task demonstrations by experts, with the expert’s eye movements superimposed on the task, are known as “eye movement modeling examples” (EMME). We performed this study to evaluate ...Introduction: Video examples with task demonstrations by experts, with the expert’s eye movements superimposed on the task, are known as “eye movement modeling examples” (EMME). We performed this study to evaluate if there were improvements in the performance of anesthesia novice trainees when executing the epidural technique after an EMME of epidural block procedure. Methods: We developed an eye movement modeling example (EMME) from eye tracking recordings made by experienced anesthesiologists with more than 20 years of experience. Forty-two PGY3 anesthesia trainees who had never previously performed an epidural block were randomized to receive (study group) or not receive (control group) the EMME video before their institutional training. All the trainees were evaluated every 10 epidural blocks until the end of the rotation period, by an independent, blinded observer using the Global Rating Scale for Epidural Anesthesia (GRS). Results: Trainees who received the EMME training exhibited more respect for the patient’s tissues (P Discussion: This is the first study that has used the EMME for a practical, clinical teaching purpose on real patients and that has used it as an aid in teaching epidural anesthesia. We demonstrated that inexperienced trainees who received the EMME training improved their proficiency at epidural blocks as compared to those who had no EMME training beforehand. Given this result, we welcome further studies to investigate the impact and the role of EMME on clinical teaching in the field of anesthesia.展开更多
Railway transitions experience differential movements due to differences in track system stiffness,track damping characteristics,foundation type,ballast settlement from fouling and/or degradation,as well as fill and s...Railway transitions experience differential movements due to differences in track system stiffness,track damping characteristics,foundation type,ballast settlement from fouling and/or degradation,as well as fill and subgrade settlement.This differential movement is especially problematic for high speed rail infrastructure as the 'bump' at the transition is accentuated at high speeds.Identification of different factors contributing towards this differential movement,as well as development of design and maintenance strategies to mitigate the problem is imperative for the safe and economical operation of both freight and passenger rail networks.This paper presents the research framework and initial instrumentation details from an ongoing research effort at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Three bridge approaches experiencing recurrent geometry problems were instrumented using multidepth deflectometers(MDDs) and strain gages to identify different factors contributing to the development of differential movements.展开更多
Previous studies have demonstrated that advanced Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）patients have deficiency of eye movements.However,there have been no reports on eye movement in the early stages of AD.The aim of this study w...Previous studies have demonstrated that advanced Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）patients have deficiency of eye movements.However,there have been no reports on eye movement in the early stages of AD.The aim of this study was to evaluate pursuit ocular movements（POM）provided by a vision-based non-intrusive eye tracker in patients with early AD.POM values were significantly lower in AD patients than in normal controls（P 〈 0.01）.In AD patients,POM values were not closely correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores（P = 0.3）.There was no significant difference in POM values among patients treated with or without anticholinesterase therapy.We used a vision-based method,for non-intrusive eye tracking,which can be proposed as a possible tool for supporting the diagnosis of early AD.展开更多
提出一种基于改进You Only Look Once version 4-tiny(YOLOv4-tiny)算法的人工智能教学系统人体跟踪识别方法,以解决现有技术在实际教学场景中识别精度不高、实时性差和环境适应性弱的问题。通过引入卷积块注意力模块、联合损失函数以...提出一种基于改进You Only Look Once version 4-tiny(YOLOv4-tiny)算法的人工智能教学系统人体跟踪识别方法,以解决现有技术在实际教学场景中识别精度不高、实时性差和环境适应性弱的问题。通过引入卷积块注意力模块、联合损失函数以及特征金字塔网络结构,对YOLOv4-tiny算法进行改进。利用Kinect传感器收集信息,结合改进的YOLOv4-tiny算法进行用户命令的识别与分析。改进后的识别方法在两种数据集中的精确率分别为92.53%和96.23%。对10个教学动作的识别准确率分别平均提高了2.79%、4.31%。结果表明,将改进的算法与教学系统集成,能够提高算法对人体手部动作的跟踪识别效率,为教学方式的优化提供新途径,提高教学效率和智能化发展,具有重要的实际应用价值和理论意义。展开更多
This study focuses on seating arrangement and interpersonal distance as important aspects of nonverbal communication and aims to elucidate the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient through an analy...This study focuses on seating arrangement and interpersonal distance as important aspects of nonverbal communication and aims to elucidate the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient through an analysis based on the subjective evaluation of the patient and the objective evaluation of eye movements. Seven female simulated patients and one male and one female pharmacist cooperated as patients and pharmacists, respectively. The medication teaching scenes were set up with three pharmacist placements (face-to-face at 50 cm and 70 cm, 90-degree at 70 cm) and three hospital rooms (0-degree, 45-degree, 90-degree). Pupil diameter, blink rate, saccades, and fixation rate of the patient at each of these locations were measured using a Tobii Pro Glass 2. The patient’s subjective evaluation at each placement was also investigated using the conversation scale, which assesses the optimal distance for conversation. The results for the pharmacy setting revealed that pupils were significantly more mydriatic at the 50 cm point than at the other points. The results for the hospital room setting showed the greatest mydriasis at the 0-degree point. The result of the 50 cm point for the pharmacy setting and the 0-degree point for the hospital room setting was similar to that of the subjective evaluation. When the likelihood of saccades occurrence in the hospital room setting was compared, saccades were found to be most likely to occur when medication instructions were given to patients at the 0-degree point. We believe that using pupil diameter for interpersonal distance, and saccades for angle will enable more accurate determinations of the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient. The results of the present study suggest that the 70 cm face-to-face point in the pharmacy and the 45-degree point in the ward may be suitable for medication instruction.展开更多
文摘According to a series of hypothesis, for the spiral galaxy, a mathematical equation of the graviton movement track is built, it is also the central curve of the nebulae density distribution, which offers the method to measure the moving speed of the graviton. Using the observed images of the M51 galaxy, it confirms that the graviton movement curve in the spiral galaxy conforms to the image, QUOTE QUOTEis a constant. It points out that by measuring the rate of angular motion of the equivalent center in the galaxy, the real speed of the graviton can be estimated. Under the measuring condition of the M51,. The theory presented in this article also helps to calculate the rotation speed of a galaxy, provided the graviton speed is known for certain. With the model in this article and fitting data from the observation images of M51 galaxy, the guess which says “the moving speed of graviton is a constant” is supported unprecedentedly by observation data. It is for the first time that the upper limit of graviton speed, i.e. no more than times of light speed, is obtained from observation data. At the same time, the paper puts forward one possible way that the lower limit of graviton speed may be measured. And a new idea also brought forward in the paper is that the rotational angular velocity w of the equivalent center which plays an important role in a spiral galaxy may be measured according to the observed data of the thickness of galactic center of the spiral galaxy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0105203,2017YFA0105201)National Science Foundation of China(31771076,81925011)+2 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(XDB32040201)Beijing Academy of Artificial IntelligenceKey-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030335001)。
文摘Behavioral analysis of macaques provides important experimental evidence in the field of neuroscience.In recent years,video-based automatic animal behavior analysis has received widespread attention.However,methods capable of extracting and analyzing daily movement trajectories of macaques in their daily living cages remain underdeveloped,with previous approaches usually requiring specific environments to reduce interference from occlusion or environmental change.Here,we introduce a novel method,called MonkeyTrail,which satisfies the above requirements by frequently generating virtual empty backgrounds and using background subtraction to accurately obtain the foreground of moving animals.The empty background is generated by combining the frame difference method(FDM)and deep learning-based model(YOLOv5).The entire setup can be operated with low-cost hardware and can be applied to the daily living environments of individually caged macaques.To test MonkeyTrail performance,we labeled a dataset containing>8000 video frames with the bounding boxes of macaques under various conditions as ground-truth.Results showed that the tracking accuracy and stability of MonkeyTrail exceeded that of two deep learningbased methods(YOLOv5 and Single-Shot MultiBox Detector),traditional frame difference method,and na?ve background subtraction method.Using MonkeyTrail to analyze long-term surveillance video recordings,we successfully assessed changes in animal behavior in terms of movement amount and spatial preference.Thus,these findings demonstrate that MonkeyTrail enables low-cost,large-scale daily behavioral analysis of macaques.
文摘The curve equation and its mechanics analysis of suspended-cable under the condition of end load are given. Then on the basis of it, the mechanical analysis of suspended-cable system for large spherical radio-telescope is studied, and procedures of the control for the orbit tracking movement of the line feed in large spherical radiotelescope are given. The validity of the results mentioned above is confirmed by means of computer simulations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001366)General Project of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710403).
文摘The existing methods of landscape visual quality evaluation is mostly based on people's subjective feelings,and the objectivity and scientificity of evaluation results are insufficient.As an important means of experimental psychology,eye movement technology can show great advantages and potential in landscape visual quality evaluation.On the basis of combing and summarizing the relevant literature,based on the explanation of the technical principle of eye movement analysis,the application field,research content,technical methods and other aspects of eye movement analysis were reviewed.The application prospect of eye movement technology in landscape visual quality evaluation was explored to provide theoretical reference for the in-depth evaluation and research of landscape visual quality evaluation theory.
文摘More and more linear servo systems have been used in servo applications. Direct drive technology can greatly increase the bandwidth and the tracking accuracy. A position servo-system based on linear voice-coil motor was designed for one linear oscillation movement application. Besides the conventional position, speed and current control loops, the speed and acceleration feed-forward control of command position signal were also used. The experimental test proved the correctness of the design, and the system can track the given periodic sinusoid position command signal of 15Hz with high accuracy. The linear voice-coil motor is very suitable for short stroke position tracking application with high dynamic response.
文摘Introduction: Video examples with task demonstrations by experts, with the expert’s eye movements superimposed on the task, are known as “eye movement modeling examples” (EMME). We performed this study to evaluate if there were improvements in the performance of anesthesia novice trainees when executing the epidural technique after an EMME of epidural block procedure. Methods: We developed an eye movement modeling example (EMME) from eye tracking recordings made by experienced anesthesiologists with more than 20 years of experience. Forty-two PGY3 anesthesia trainees who had never previously performed an epidural block were randomized to receive (study group) or not receive (control group) the EMME video before their institutional training. All the trainees were evaluated every 10 epidural blocks until the end of the rotation period, by an independent, blinded observer using the Global Rating Scale for Epidural Anesthesia (GRS). Results: Trainees who received the EMME training exhibited more respect for the patient’s tissues (P Discussion: This is the first study that has used the EMME for a practical, clinical teaching purpose on real patients and that has used it as an aid in teaching epidural anesthesia. We demonstrated that inexperienced trainees who received the EMME training improved their proficiency at epidural blocks as compared to those who had no EMME training beforehand. Given this result, we welcome further studies to investigate the impact and the role of EMME on clinical teaching in the field of anesthesia.
文摘Railway transitions experience differential movements due to differences in track system stiffness,track damping characteristics,foundation type,ballast settlement from fouling and/or degradation,as well as fill and subgrade settlement.This differential movement is especially problematic for high speed rail infrastructure as the 'bump' at the transition is accentuated at high speeds.Identification of different factors contributing towards this differential movement,as well as development of design and maintenance strategies to mitigate the problem is imperative for the safe and economical operation of both freight and passenger rail networks.This paper presents the research framework and initial instrumentation details from an ongoing research effort at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Three bridge approaches experiencing recurrent geometry problems were instrumented using multidepth deflectometers(MDDs) and strain gages to identify different factors contributing to the development of differential movements.
文摘Previous studies have demonstrated that advanced Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）patients have deficiency of eye movements.However,there have been no reports on eye movement in the early stages of AD.The aim of this study was to evaluate pursuit ocular movements（POM）provided by a vision-based non-intrusive eye tracker in patients with early AD.POM values were significantly lower in AD patients than in normal controls（P 〈 0.01）.In AD patients,POM values were not closely correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores（P = 0.3）.There was no significant difference in POM values among patients treated with or without anticholinesterase therapy.We used a vision-based method,for non-intrusive eye tracking,which can be proposed as a possible tool for supporting the diagnosis of early AD.
文摘提出一种基于改进You Only Look Once version 4-tiny(YOLOv4-tiny)算法的人工智能教学系统人体跟踪识别方法,以解决现有技术在实际教学场景中识别精度不高、实时性差和环境适应性弱的问题。通过引入卷积块注意力模块、联合损失函数以及特征金字塔网络结构,对YOLOv4-tiny算法进行改进。利用Kinect传感器收集信息,结合改进的YOLOv4-tiny算法进行用户命令的识别与分析。改进后的识别方法在两种数据集中的精确率分别为92.53%和96.23%。对10个教学动作的识别准确率分别平均提高了2.79%、4.31%。结果表明,将改进的算法与教学系统集成,能够提高算法对人体手部动作的跟踪识别效率,为教学方式的优化提供新途径,提高教学效率和智能化发展,具有重要的实际应用价值和理论意义。
文摘This study focuses on seating arrangement and interpersonal distance as important aspects of nonverbal communication and aims to elucidate the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient through an analysis based on the subjective evaluation of the patient and the objective evaluation of eye movements. Seven female simulated patients and one male and one female pharmacist cooperated as patients and pharmacists, respectively. The medication teaching scenes were set up with three pharmacist placements (face-to-face at 50 cm and 70 cm, 90-degree at 70 cm) and three hospital rooms (0-degree, 45-degree, 90-degree). Pupil diameter, blink rate, saccades, and fixation rate of the patient at each of these locations were measured using a Tobii Pro Glass 2. The patient’s subjective evaluation at each placement was also investigated using the conversation scale, which assesses the optimal distance for conversation. The results for the pharmacy setting revealed that pupils were significantly more mydriatic at the 50 cm point than at the other points. The results for the hospital room setting showed the greatest mydriasis at the 0-degree point. The result of the 50 cm point for the pharmacy setting and the 0-degree point for the hospital room setting was similar to that of the subjective evaluation. When the likelihood of saccades occurrence in the hospital room setting was compared, saccades were found to be most likely to occur when medication instructions were given to patients at the 0-degree point. We believe that using pupil diameter for interpersonal distance, and saccades for angle will enable more accurate determinations of the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient. The results of the present study suggest that the 70 cm face-to-face point in the pharmacy and the 45-degree point in the ward may be suitable for medication instruction.
