Limb movement disorder after stroke is one of the main causes of disability,seriously affecting patients’quality of life.Although modern medical treatment can alleviate some symptoms,it has limitations.Traditional Ch...Limb movement disorder after stroke is one of the main causes of disability,seriously affecting patients’quality of life.Although modern medical treatment can alleviate some symptoms,it has limitations.Traditional Chinese medicine,with an overall perspective and syndrome differentiation and treatment as its core,intervenes in the disease through various therapies,such as acupuncture,Chinese herbal medicine,Tuina massage,and traditional exercise,demonstrating unique advantages.This article reviews the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of limb movement disorders after stroke in traditional Chinese medicine,systematically summarizes the clinical application and research progress of main treatment methods such as acupuncture,Chinese herbal medicine,and Tuina massage,analyzes the problems existing in current research,and looks forward to future development directions,aiming to provide references for clinical treatment.展开更多
Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type B (BTX-B) in treatment of movement disorders including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, hemifacial spasm, tremor, tics, and hypersecretory disord...Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type B (BTX-B) in treatment of movement disorders including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, hemifacial spasm, tremor, tics, and hypersecretory disorders such as sia-lorrhea and hyperhidrosis. Methods A retrospective study of BTX-B injections in treatment of 58 patients with various neurological disorders was performed. The mean follow-up time was 0.9 ± 0.8 years. Results of the first and last treatment of patients with at least 3 injection sessions were compared. Results The response of 58 patients to a total of 157 BTX-B treatment sessions was analyzed. Of the 157 treatment sessions, 120 sessions (76.4%) resulted in moderate or marked improvement while 17 sessions (10.8%) had no response. The clinical benefits after BTX-B treatment lasted an average of 14 weeks. Of the 41 patients with at least 3 injection ses-sions (mean 10 ± 8.6), most patients needed increased dosage upon the last session compared to the first session. Nineteen patients (32.8%) with 27 sessions (17.2%) reported adverse effects with BTX-B treatment. Conclusions Though most patients require increased dosage to maintain effective response after repeated injections, BTX-B is an effective and safe treatment drug for a variety of movement disorders, as well as drooling and hyperhidrosis.展开更多
Positron emission tomography measures the activity of radioactively labeled compounds which distribute and accumulate in central nervous system regions in proportion to their metabolic rate or blood flow. Specific cir...Positron emission tomography measures the activity of radioactively labeled compounds which distribute and accumulate in central nervous system regions in proportion to their metabolic rate or blood flow. Specific circuits such as the dopaminergic nigrostriatal projection can be studied with ligands that bind to the pre-synaptic dopamine transporter or post-synaptic dopamine receptors (D1 and D2). Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) measures the activity of similar tracers labeled with heavy radioactive species such as technetium and iodine. In essential tremor, there is cerebellar hypermetabolism and abnormal GABAergic function in premotor cortices, dentate nuclei and ventral thalami, without significant abnormalities in dopaminergic transmission. In Huntington’s disease, there is hypometabolism in the striatum, frontal and temporal cortices. Disease progression is accompanied by reduction in striatal D1 and D2 binding that correlates with trinucleotide repeat length, disease duration and severity. In dystonia, there is hypermetabolism in the basal ganglia, supplementary motor areas and cerebellum at rest. Thalamic and cerebellar hypermetabolism is seen during dystonic movements, which can be modulated by globus pallidus deep brain stimulation (DBS). Additionally, GABA-A receptor activity is reduced in motor, premotor and somatosensory cortices. In Tourette’s syndrome, there is hypermetabolism in premotor and sensorimotor cortices, as well as hypometabolism in the striatum, thalamus and limbic regions at rest. During tics, multiple areas related to cognitive, sensory and motor functions become hypermetabolic. Also, there is abnormal serotoninergic transmission in prefrontal cortices and bilateral thalami, as well as hyperactivity in the striatal dopaminergic system which can be modulated with thalamic DBS. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), there is asymmetric progressive decline in striatal dopaminergic tracer accumulation, which follows a caudal-to-rostral direction. Uptake declines prior to symptom presentation and progresses from contralateral to the most symptomatic side to bilateral, correlating with symptom severity. In progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), striatal activity is symmetrically and diffusely decreased. The caudal-to-rostral pattern is lost in PSP, but could be present in MSA. In corticobasal degeneration (CBD), there is asymmetric, diffuse reduction of striatal activity, contralateral to the most symptomatic side. Additionally, there is hypometabolism in contralateral parieto-occipital and frontal cortices in PD; bilateral putamen and cerebellum in MSA; caudate, thalamus, midbrain, mesial frontal and prefrontal cortices in PSP; and contralateral cortices in CBD. Finally, cardiac sympathetic SPECT signal is decreased in PD. The capacity of molecular imaging to provide in vivo time courses of gene expression, protein synthesis, receptor and transporter binding, could facilitate the development and evaluation of novel medical, surgical and genetic therapies in movement disorders.展开更多
BACKGROUND The psychological state of patients with post stroke limb movement disorders undergoes a series of changes that affect rehabilitation training and recovery of limb motor function.AIM To determine the correl...BACKGROUND The psychological state of patients with post stroke limb movement disorders undergoes a series of changes that affect rehabilitation training and recovery of limb motor function.AIM To determine the correlation between motor rehabilitation and the psychological state of patients with limb movement disorders after stroke.METHODS Eighty patients with upper and lower limb dysfunction post stroke were retrospectively enrolled in our study.Based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)scores measured before rehabilitation,patients with HADS scores≥8 were divided into the psychological group;otherwise,the patients were included in the normal group.Motor function and daily living abilities were compared between the normal and psychological groups.Correlations between the motor function and psychological status of patients,and between daily living ability and psychological status of patients were analyzed.RESULTS After 1,2,and 3 wk of rehabilitation,both the Fugl-Meyer assessment and Barthel index scores improved compared to their respective baseline scores(P<0.05).A greater degree of improvement was observed in the normal group compared to the psychological group(P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between negative emotions and limb rehabilitation(-0.592≤r≤-0.233,P<0.05),and between negative emotions and daily living ability(-0.395≤r≤-0.199,P<0.05).CONCLUSION There is a strong correlation between motor rehabilitation and the psychological state of patients with post stroke limb movement disorders.The higher the negative emotions,the worse the rehabilitation effect.展开更多
AIM:To investigate whether an association exists between sleep-associated movement disorders and cardiovascular disease(CVD).METHODS:Several studies have observed the relationship of sleep-associated movement disorder...AIM:To investigate whether an association exists between sleep-associated movement disorders and cardiovascular disease(CVD).METHODS:Several studies have observed the relationship of sleep-associated movement disorders such as restless legs syndrome(RLS)and periodic limb movements during sleep with CVD,but the results were still contradictory.We performed an extensive literature search on Pub Med,Medline and Web of Science published from inception to December 2014.Additional studies were manually searched from bibliographies of retrieved studies.Meta-analyses were conducted with Stata version 12.0(Stata Corp,College Station,Texas).Pooled odds ratios(ORs)and 95%CIs were calculated to assess the strength of association using the random effects model.Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the underlying sources of heterogeneity.The publication bias was detected using Egger’s test and Begg’s test.RESULTS:A total of 781 unique citations were indentified from electronic databases and 13 articles in English were finally selected.Among these studies,nine are cohort studies;two are case-control studies;and two are cross-sectional studies.The results showed that the summary OR of CVD associated with sleepassociated movement was 1.51(95%CI:1.29-1.77)in a random-effects model.There was significant heterogeneity between individual studies(P for heterogeneity=0.005,I2=57.6%).Further analysis revealed that a large-scale cohort study may account for this heterogeneity.A significant association was also found between RLS and CVD(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.24-1.92).In a fixed-effects model,we determined a significant relationship between sleep-associatedmovement disorders and coronary artery disease(CAD)(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.16-1.54;P for heterogeneity=0.210;I2=30.0%).Our meta-analysis suggests that sleep-associated movement disorders are associated with prevalence of CVD and CAD.CONCLUSION:This finding indicates that sleep-associated movement disorders may prove to be predictive of underlying CVD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dystonic gait(DG) is one of clinical symptoms associated with functional dystonia in the functional movement disorders(FMDs). Dystonia is often initiated or worsened by voluntary action and associated with ...BACKGROUND Dystonic gait(DG) is one of clinical symptoms associated with functional dystonia in the functional movement disorders(FMDs). Dystonia is often initiated or worsened by voluntary action and associated with overflow muscle activation. There is no report for DG in FMDs caused by an abnormal pattern in the ankle muscle recruitment strategy during gait.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old male patient presented with persistent limping gait. When we requested him to do dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of his ankle in the standing and seating positions, we didn’t see any abnormality. However, we could see the DG during the gait. There were no evidences of common peroneal neuropathy and L5 radiculopathy in the electrodiagnostic study. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine, lower leg, and brain had no definite finding. No specific finding was seen in the neurologic examination. For further evaluation, a wireless surface electromyography(EMG) was performed. During the gait, EMG amplitude of left medial and lateral gastrocnemius(GCM) muscles was larger than right medial and lateral GCM muscles. When we analyzed EMG signals for each muscle, there were EMG bursts of double-contraction in the left medial and lateral GCM muscles, while EMG analysis of right medial and lateral GCM muscles noted regular bursts of single contraction. We could find a cause of DG in FMDs.CONCLUSION We report an importance of a wireless surface EMG, in which other examination didn’t reveal the cause of DG in FMDs.展开更多
Movement disorder management and therapy are rapidly evolving,owing to an ever-deeper understanding of disease biology and the discovery of new tools for diagnosis and treatment.With this narrative review,we aim to ex...Movement disorder management and therapy are rapidly evolving,owing to an ever-deeper understanding of disease biology and the discovery of new tools for diagnosis and treatment.With this narrative review,we aim to explore emerging therapeutic approaches for movement disorders,with a focus on Parkinson's disease(PD)and other movement-related pathological conditions,including Huntington's disease(HD),essential tremor(ET),and dystonia.This review encompasses preclinical research and human trials,providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape.Several promising therapeutic strategies have emerged,particularly in the realm of precision medicine for PD associated with GBA and LRRK2 gene mutations.Additionally,innovative immunotherapies and drugs targeting misfoldedα-synuclein are under investigation.These approaches have the potential to influence disease progression and improve patient outcomes.The landscape of pharmacological treatments for movement disorders is both complex and diverse,with substantial progress made over the years.While current treatments effectively manage motor symptoms,they fall short of providing a definitive cure and are limited by nonmotor symptoms and potential side effects.Novel techniques,such as gene therapy,stem cell therapy,and infusion therapies,offer promising avenues for future research.展开更多
Genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies(DEE)are often associated with movement disorders.Accurate identification and classification of movement disorders are essential for management of these diseases.In ...Genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies(DEE)are often associated with movement disorders.Accurate identification and classification of movement disorders are essential for management of these diseases.In this review,we describe the characteristics of various movement disorders associated with DEE and summarize the distribution of common DEE-related gene mutations reported in previous studies,aiming to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.展开更多
Electrical stimulation has been used to influence the nervous system since ancient times,with early examples including the Egyptian use of electric fish for pain relief.The use of electrical stimulation to improve the...Electrical stimulation has been used to influence the nervous system since ancient times,with early examples including the Egyptian use of electric fish for pain relief.The use of electrical stimulation to improve the understanding of brain regions and their functions advanced significantly in the 19th century,with experiments by Fritsch,Hitzig,and Bartholow,culminating in the development of techniques such as electrocorticography by Horsley.The field evolved with the development of stereotactic surgery in the 20th century,which allowed for the precise targeting of brain regions to treat movement disorders and chronic pain.Despite the advent of pharmacological treatments such as levodopa for Parkinson’s disease,surgical approaches such as thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation(DBS)remain crucial for patients who are unresponsive to medication.The refinement of DBS,particularly targeting the thalamus and subthalamic nucleus,has revolutionized the treatment of movement disorders and resulted in the widespread adoption of this technique.In contrast,early psychiatric treatments were typically rudimentary and driven by the dire conditions of mental asylums rather than scientific understanding.DBS has also been extended to the treatment of psychiatric disorders.Early studies conducted in the late 1990s and the early 2000s showed promising results for conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.However,evidence of its efficacy in psychiatric conditions remains mixed,and ongoing research is required to establish its role.Ethical considerations are of paramount importance in this field,particularly concerning the safety,informed consent,and long-term effects of DBS.In contrast to movement disorders,psychiatric conditions experience challenges such as unclear biomarkers,subjective diagnoses,and unpredictable treatment responses,rendering DBS development in this area more complicated.展开更多
Background:Reports evaluating the efficacy of transcranial sonography(TCS)for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease(PD)and other movement disorders in China are scarce.Therefore,this study aimed to assess th...Background:Reports evaluating the efficacy of transcranial sonography(TCS)for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease(PD)and other movement disorders in China are scarce.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the application of TCS for the differential diagnosis of PD,multiple system atrophy(MSA),progressive supranuclear palsy(PSP),and essential tremor(ET)in Chinese individuals.Methods:From 2017 to 2019,500 inpatients treated at the Department of Dyskinesia,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University underwent routine transcranial ultrasound examination.The cross-sections at the midbrain and thalamus levels were scanned,and the incidence rates of substantia nigra(SN)positivity and the incidence rates of lenticular hyperechoic area were recorded.The echo of the SN was manually measured.Results:Of the 500 patients,125 were excluded due to poor signal in temporal window sound transmission.Among the 375 individuals with good temporal window sound transmission,200 were diagnosed with PD,90 with ET,50 with MSA,and 35 with PSP.The incidence rates of SN positivity differed significantly among the four patient groups(χ^(2)=121.061,P<0.001).Between-group comparisons were performed,and the PD group showed a higher SN positivity rate than the ET(χ^(2)=94.898,P<0.017),MSA(χ^(2)=57.619,P<0.017),and PSP(χ^(2)=37.687,P<0.017)groups.SN positivity showed a good diagnostic value for differentiating PD from the other three movement diseases,collectively or individually.The incidences of lenticular hyperechoic area significantly differed among the four patient groups(χ^(2)=38.904,P<0.001).Next,between-group comparisons were performed.The lenticular hyperechoic area was higher in the PD group than in the ET(χ^(2)=6.714,P<0.017)and MSA(χ^(2)=18.680,P<0.017)groups but lower than that in the PSP group(χ^(2)=0.679,P>0.017).Conclusion:SN positivity could effectively differentiate PD from ET,PSP,and MSA in a Chinese population.展开更多
Previous reports on the pathogenesis of age-related movement disorders,such as Parkinson’s disease(PD)and essential tremor(ET),have demonstrated the potential implications of LINGO1(leucine-rich repeat and immunoglob...Previous reports on the pathogenesis of age-related movement disorders,such as Parkinson’s disease(PD)and essential tremor(ET),have demonstrated the potential implications of LINGO1(leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein)gene.Although LINGO2 has a high degree of homology with LINGO1,but it is less characterized and the role of LINGO2 in the development of PD/ET remains unreported.Hence,this metaanalysis was conducted to evaluate the role of LINGO2 in PD/ET pathogenesis.A total of 4 studies,which complied with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,were included in the meta-analysis.Analysis of the pooled odds ratio and confidence interval of the studies were performed for five genetic models,namely:allelic,dominant,recessive,homozygous,and heterozygous.No significant association was observed between the LINGO2 polymorphism and PD/ET,although subgroup analysis through conventional metaanalysis indicated that the recessive models of rs7033345 and rs10812774 are significantly associated with predisposition to ET in the Asian population.However,trial sequential analyses for both polymorphisms were unlikely to reveal any robust effect.Hence,studies with larger samples on this association are needed in the future to corroborate our results.展开更多
Neuromodulation techniques effectively intervene in cognitive function,holding considerable scientific and practical value in fields such as aerospace,medicine,life sciences,and brain research.These techniques utilize...Neuromodulation techniques effectively intervene in cognitive function,holding considerable scientific and practical value in fields such as aerospace,medicine,life sciences,and brain research.These techniques utilize electrical stimulation to directly or indirectly target specific brain regions,modulating neural activity and influencing broader brain networks,thereby regulating cognitive function.Regulating cognitive function involves an understanding of aspects such as perception,learning and memory,attention,spatial cognition,and physical function.To enhance the application of cognitive regulation in the general population,this paper reviews recent publications from the Web of Science to assess the advancements and challenges of invasive and non-invasive stimulation methods in modulating cognitive functions.This review covers various neuromodulation techniques for cognitive intervention,including deep brain stimulation,vagus nerve stimulation,and invasive methods using microelectrode arrays.The non-invasive techniques discussed include transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,transcranial alternating current stimulation,transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation,and time interference stimulation for activating deep targets.Invasive stimulation methods,which are ideal for studying the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,tend to cause greater trauma and have been less researched in the context of cognitive function regulation.Non-invasive methods,particularly newer transcranial stimulation techniques,are gentler and more appropriate for regulating cognitive functions in the general population.These include transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation using acupoints and time interference methods for activating deep targets.This paper also discusses current technical challenges and potential future breakthroughs in neuromodulation technology.It is recommended that neuromodulation techniques be combined with neural detection methods to better assess their effects and improve the accuracy of non-invasive neuromodulation.Additionally,researching closed-loop feedback neuromodulation methods is identified as a promising direction for future development.展开更多
α-Synuclein accumulation and transmission are vital to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease,although the mechanisms underlying misfoldedα-synuclein accumulation and propagation have not been conclusively dete...α-Synuclein accumulation and transmission are vital to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease,although the mechanisms underlying misfoldedα-synuclein accumulation and propagation have not been conclusively determined.The expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1,which is abundantly expressed in neurons and considered to be a multifunctional endocytic receptor,is elevated in the neurons of patients with Parkinson's disease.However,whether there is a direct link between low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 andα-synuclein aggregation and propagation in Parkinson's disease remains unclear.Here,we established animal models of Parkinson's disease by inoculating monkeys and mice withα-synuclein pre-formed fibrils and observed elevated low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 levels in the striatum and substantia nigra,accompanied by dopaminergic neuron loss and increasedα-synuclein levels.However,low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 knockdown efficiently rescued dopaminergic neurodegeneration and inhibited the increase inα-synuclein levels in the nigrostriatal system.In HEK293A cells overexpressingα-synuclein fragments,low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 levels were upregulated only when the N-terminus ofα-synuclein was present,whereas anα-synuclein fragment lacking the N-terminus did not lead to low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 upregulation.Furthermore,the N-terminus ofα-synuclein was found to be rich in lysine residues,and blocking lysine residues in PC12 cells treated withα-synuclein pre-formed fibrils effectively reduced the elevated low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 andα-synuclein levels.These findings indicate that low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 regulates pathological transmission ofα-synuclein from the striatum to the substantia nigra in the nigrostriatal system via lysine residues in theα-synuclein N-terminus.展开更多
Background: The botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is used in a wide range of neurological diseases. We aimed to study the overall patients/caregivers’ satisfaction with BoNT-A treatment in different neurological condit...Background: The botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is used in a wide range of neurological diseases. We aimed to study the overall patients/caregivers’ satisfaction with BoNT-A treatment in different neurological conditions. Methods: Prospective study included patients who had received at least two BoNT-A treatment sessions. They were asked to rate overall treatment satisfaction at the peak of treatment effect on a 1 to 10 scale (1 = not at all satisfied;10 = fully satisfied). Subjects with a rating of 1to3 were classified as not at all satisfied, those with a rating of 4 to7 as somewhat satisfied, and those with a rating of 8 to10 as very satisfied. Treatment satisfaction questionnaire for medicine (TSQM) was assessed at the end of observational period. Quality of life QOL was assessed before BoNT-A treatment and at the last visit. Results: The study was conducted from first April 2014 to August 2021. 548 patients were identified with mean age 43.66 ± 14.50. Most of participants 389 (71%) were female. At the end of observational period, the mean satisfaction was 7.28 ± 1.78. There was a highly significant difference (P P P = 0.001). Conclusion: Satisfaction with BoNT-A therapy for different neurological disorders is overall good. The highest patient satisfaction was observed with primary focal HH, and the least satisfaction was observed in writer’s cramp. BoNT-A therapy improved QOL.展开更多
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder （RBD） is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of parkinsonism, and it may serve as a prodromal marker of neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism underlying RBD is unc...Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder （RBD） is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of parkinsonism, and it may serve as a prodromal marker of neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism underlying RBD is unclear. Several prospective studies have reported that specific non-motor symptoms predict a conversion risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease, including olfactory dysfunction, abnormal color vision, autonomic dysfunction, excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, and cognitive impairment. Parkinson＇s disease （PD） with RBD exhibits clinical heterogeneity with respect to motor and non-motor symptoms compared with PD without RBD. In this review, we describe the main clinical and pathogenic features of RBD, focusing on its association with other non-motor symptoms of parkinsonism.展开更多
Background Vocal cord movement disorder （VCMD） is a laryngeal disorder characterized by paradoxical adduction of the vocal cords during in inspiration, expiration or both. The nursing experience of patients with VCM...Background Vocal cord movement disorder （VCMD） is a laryngeal disorder characterized by paradoxical adduction of the vocal cords during in inspiration, expiration or both. The nursing experience of patients with VCMD after aortic dissection surgery is limited. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and nursing records of 269 patients after aortic dissection surgery in Guangdong General Hospital between May 2010 and May 2012. We observed the patients＇ pronunciation, and judged if there was dysphagia undergoing water drinking test two hours after extubation, to confirm whether patients had VCMD. Results Seventeen patients had VCMD after aortic dissection surgery, of whom 2 suffered hoarseness, 3 had dysphasia and 12 had both hoarseness and dysphasia. After timely treatment and carefully nursing, all the patients recovered well. Conclusions With the enhanced care of patients with aortic dissection, observing hoarseness appearance and drinking experiment immediately after extubation can detect VCMD as soon as possible. Further rehabilita- tion training and psychology care can prevent bucking and aspiration effectively, and promoting recovery and improving patient＇s life quality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Spinal anesthesia is commonly used for various surgeries.While many complications occur after induction of spinal anesthesia,involuntary movement is an extremely rare complication.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we rep...BACKGROUND Spinal anesthesia is commonly used for various surgeries.While many complications occur after induction of spinal anesthesia,involuntary movement is an extremely rare complication.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report the case of a 54-year-old healthy male patient who experienced involuntary movements after intrathecal injection of local anesthetics.This patient had undergone metal implant removal surgery in both the lower extremities;7 h after intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine administration,involuntary raising of the left leg began to occur every 2 min.When the movement disorder appeared,the patient was conscious and cooperative.No other specific symptoms were noted in the physical examination conducted immediately after the involuntary leg raising started;moreover,the patient's motor and sensory assessments were normal.The symptom gradually subsided.Twelve hours after the symptom first occurred,its frequency decreased to approximately once every three hours.Two days postoperatively,the symptoms had completely disappeared without intervention.CONCLUSION Anesthesiologists should be aware that movement disorders can occur after spinal anesthesia and be able to identify the cause,such as electrolyte imbalance or epilepsy,since immediate action may be required for treatment.Furthermore,it is crucial to know that involuntary movement that develop following spinal anesthesia is mostly self-limiting and may not require additional costly examinations.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)at scalp motor area for treating post-stroke wrist dyskinesia and its influence on the function of wrist movement-related agonistic muscles.METHODS:A randomi...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)at scalp motor area for treating post-stroke wrist dyskinesia and its influence on the function of wrist movement-related agonistic muscles.METHODS:A randomized,single-blind,controlled clinical trial was conducted.Sixty-six patients undergoing post-stroke wrist dyskinesia were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to EA or control group.Patients in the control group received manual acupuncture in the scalp motor area(MS 6)on the lesion side.The same acupoint was selected to accept EA stimulation in the EA group.All patients were treated six times a week for three weeks.The primary outcome was the Chinese Stroke Scale(CSS)score.The secondary outcomes included upper limb-related Barthel Index(BI)score,active range of motion(AROM)of the wrist joint,and root mean square(RMS)of the four agonistic muscles associated with wrist motion on the hemiplegic side of patients,i.e.,the extensor carpi radialis longus(ECRL),extensor digitorum(ED),flexor carpi radialis(FCR)and flexor carpi ulnaris(FCU).The above indicators were measured before and after three weeks of treatment.RESULTS:After 3-week treatment,the CSS score and AROM of wrist dorsiflexion of the EA group were better than those in the control group(P=0.038,P=0.047).The differences between the two groups of BI scores and AROM of wrist flexion were not significant(P>0.05).All RMS of the EA group were higher than those in the control group(ECRL:P=0.047,ED:P=0.048,FCR:P=0.049,FCU:P=0.047).The total effective rate in the EA group was 87.50%(28/32),which was higher than that in the control group(77.42%,24/31,P=0.048).CONCLUSION:EA stimulation of the scalp motor area can promote the recovery of the strength and function of the agonistic muscles related to wrist movement and effectively improve post-stroke wrist dyskinesia.展开更多
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature indicates that the occurrence of thalamic lesions could lead to various dysfunctions,such as somatosensory disturbances,hemiparesis,language deficits,and movement disorders.Howe...BACKGROUND A growing body of literature indicates that the occurrence of thalamic lesions could lead to various dysfunctions,such as somatosensory disturbances,hemiparesis,language deficits,and movement disorders.However,clinical cases describing the coexistence of these types of manifestations have not been reported.Herein,we report a patient who exhibited these rare complications secondary to thalamic hemorrhage.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old right-handed man experienced sudden left hemiparesis,numbness of the left side of body,and language alterations due to an acute hemorrhage located in the right basal ganglia and thalamus 18 mo ago.Approximately 17 mo after the onset of stroke,he exhibited rare complications including dysphasia,kinetic tremor confined to the left calf,and mirror movement of the left arm which are unique and interesting,and a follow-up computed tomography scan revealed an old hemorrhagic lesion in the right thalamus and posterior limb of the internal capsule.CONCLUSION Hypophonia may be a recognizable clinical sign of thalamus lesions;thalamus injury could cause tremor confined to the lower extremity and mimicking extremity movements.展开更多
Neurological features in celiac disease(CD) are not rare(5%-36%), but tremor is scarcely described. Subjects with CD and healthy controls completed an online survey using WHIGET tremor rating scale. One thousand five ...Neurological features in celiac disease(CD) are not rare(5%-36%), but tremor is scarcely described. Subjects with CD and healthy controls completed an online survey using WHIGET tremor rating scale. One thousand five hundred and twelve subjects completed the survey, finally 674 CD patients and 290 healthy subjects were included. A higher prevalence of tremor in CD patients was observed in comparison to controls(28% vs 14%, P < 0.001). Frequency of family history of tremor in CD patients with and without tremor was 25% and 20%(P = 0.2), while in the control group it was 41% and 10%(P < 0.001). Controls with tremor showed a higher frequency of family history of tremor when compared to CD patients with tremor(41.5% vs 24.6%, P = 0.03). The results suggested that tremor in CD might be more frequent and possibly related to the disease itself and not due to associated essential tremor.展开更多
文摘Limb movement disorder after stroke is one of the main causes of disability,seriously affecting patients’quality of life.Although modern medical treatment can alleviate some symptoms,it has limitations.Traditional Chinese medicine,with an overall perspective and syndrome differentiation and treatment as its core,intervenes in the disease through various therapies,such as acupuncture,Chinese herbal medicine,Tuina massage,and traditional exercise,demonstrating unique advantages.This article reviews the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of limb movement disorders after stroke in traditional Chinese medicine,systematically summarizes the clinical application and research progress of main treatment methods such as acupuncture,Chinese herbal medicine,and Tuina massage,analyzes the problems existing in current research,and looks forward to future development directions,aiming to provide references for clinical treatment.
文摘Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type B (BTX-B) in treatment of movement disorders including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, hemifacial spasm, tremor, tics, and hypersecretory disorders such as sia-lorrhea and hyperhidrosis. Methods A retrospective study of BTX-B injections in treatment of 58 patients with various neurological disorders was performed. The mean follow-up time was 0.9 ± 0.8 years. Results of the first and last treatment of patients with at least 3 injection sessions were compared. Results The response of 58 patients to a total of 157 BTX-B treatment sessions was analyzed. Of the 157 treatment sessions, 120 sessions (76.4%) resulted in moderate or marked improvement while 17 sessions (10.8%) had no response. The clinical benefits after BTX-B treatment lasted an average of 14 weeks. Of the 41 patients with at least 3 injection ses-sions (mean 10 ± 8.6), most patients needed increased dosage upon the last session compared to the first session. Nineteen patients (32.8%) with 27 sessions (17.2%) reported adverse effects with BTX-B treatment. Conclusions Though most patients require increased dosage to maintain effective response after repeated injections, BTX-B is an effective and safe treatment drug for a variety of movement disorders, as well as drooling and hyperhidrosis.
文摘Positron emission tomography measures the activity of radioactively labeled compounds which distribute and accumulate in central nervous system regions in proportion to their metabolic rate or blood flow. Specific circuits such as the dopaminergic nigrostriatal projection can be studied with ligands that bind to the pre-synaptic dopamine transporter or post-synaptic dopamine receptors (D1 and D2). Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) measures the activity of similar tracers labeled with heavy radioactive species such as technetium and iodine. In essential tremor, there is cerebellar hypermetabolism and abnormal GABAergic function in premotor cortices, dentate nuclei and ventral thalami, without significant abnormalities in dopaminergic transmission. In Huntington’s disease, there is hypometabolism in the striatum, frontal and temporal cortices. Disease progression is accompanied by reduction in striatal D1 and D2 binding that correlates with trinucleotide repeat length, disease duration and severity. In dystonia, there is hypermetabolism in the basal ganglia, supplementary motor areas and cerebellum at rest. Thalamic and cerebellar hypermetabolism is seen during dystonic movements, which can be modulated by globus pallidus deep brain stimulation (DBS). Additionally, GABA-A receptor activity is reduced in motor, premotor and somatosensory cortices. In Tourette’s syndrome, there is hypermetabolism in premotor and sensorimotor cortices, as well as hypometabolism in the striatum, thalamus and limbic regions at rest. During tics, multiple areas related to cognitive, sensory and motor functions become hypermetabolic. Also, there is abnormal serotoninergic transmission in prefrontal cortices and bilateral thalami, as well as hyperactivity in the striatal dopaminergic system which can be modulated with thalamic DBS. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), there is asymmetric progressive decline in striatal dopaminergic tracer accumulation, which follows a caudal-to-rostral direction. Uptake declines prior to symptom presentation and progresses from contralateral to the most symptomatic side to bilateral, correlating with symptom severity. In progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), striatal activity is symmetrically and diffusely decreased. The caudal-to-rostral pattern is lost in PSP, but could be present in MSA. In corticobasal degeneration (CBD), there is asymmetric, diffuse reduction of striatal activity, contralateral to the most symptomatic side. Additionally, there is hypometabolism in contralateral parieto-occipital and frontal cortices in PD; bilateral putamen and cerebellum in MSA; caudate, thalamus, midbrain, mesial frontal and prefrontal cortices in PSP; and contralateral cortices in CBD. Finally, cardiac sympathetic SPECT signal is decreased in PD. The capacity of molecular imaging to provide in vivo time courses of gene expression, protein synthesis, receptor and transporter binding, could facilitate the development and evaluation of novel medical, surgical and genetic therapies in movement disorders.
基金The study was reviewed and approved by the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology(Approval No.2022-03-B160).
文摘BACKGROUND The psychological state of patients with post stroke limb movement disorders undergoes a series of changes that affect rehabilitation training and recovery of limb motor function.AIM To determine the correlation between motor rehabilitation and the psychological state of patients with limb movement disorders after stroke.METHODS Eighty patients with upper and lower limb dysfunction post stroke were retrospectively enrolled in our study.Based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)scores measured before rehabilitation,patients with HADS scores≥8 were divided into the psychological group;otherwise,the patients were included in the normal group.Motor function and daily living abilities were compared between the normal and psychological groups.Correlations between the motor function and psychological status of patients,and between daily living ability and psychological status of patients were analyzed.RESULTS After 1,2,and 3 wk of rehabilitation,both the Fugl-Meyer assessment and Barthel index scores improved compared to their respective baseline scores(P<0.05).A greater degree of improvement was observed in the normal group compared to the psychological group(P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between negative emotions and limb rehabilitation(-0.592≤r≤-0.233,P<0.05),and between negative emotions and daily living ability(-0.395≤r≤-0.199,P<0.05).CONCLUSION There is a strong correlation between motor rehabilitation and the psychological state of patients with post stroke limb movement disorders.The higher the negative emotions,the worse the rehabilitation effect.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81470456 and 81170160The priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘AIM:To investigate whether an association exists between sleep-associated movement disorders and cardiovascular disease(CVD).METHODS:Several studies have observed the relationship of sleep-associated movement disorders such as restless legs syndrome(RLS)and periodic limb movements during sleep with CVD,but the results were still contradictory.We performed an extensive literature search on Pub Med,Medline and Web of Science published from inception to December 2014.Additional studies were manually searched from bibliographies of retrieved studies.Meta-analyses were conducted with Stata version 12.0(Stata Corp,College Station,Texas).Pooled odds ratios(ORs)and 95%CIs were calculated to assess the strength of association using the random effects model.Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the underlying sources of heterogeneity.The publication bias was detected using Egger’s test and Begg’s test.RESULTS:A total of 781 unique citations were indentified from electronic databases and 13 articles in English were finally selected.Among these studies,nine are cohort studies;two are case-control studies;and two are cross-sectional studies.The results showed that the summary OR of CVD associated with sleepassociated movement was 1.51(95%CI:1.29-1.77)in a random-effects model.There was significant heterogeneity between individual studies(P for heterogeneity=0.005,I2=57.6%).Further analysis revealed that a large-scale cohort study may account for this heterogeneity.A significant association was also found between RLS and CVD(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.24-1.92).In a fixed-effects model,we determined a significant relationship between sleep-associatedmovement disorders and coronary artery disease(CAD)(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.16-1.54;P for heterogeneity=0.210;I2=30.0%).Our meta-analysis suggests that sleep-associated movement disorders are associated with prevalence of CVD and CAD.CONCLUSION:This finding indicates that sleep-associated movement disorders may prove to be predictive of underlying CVD.
文摘BACKGROUND Dystonic gait(DG) is one of clinical symptoms associated with functional dystonia in the functional movement disorders(FMDs). Dystonia is often initiated or worsened by voluntary action and associated with overflow muscle activation. There is no report for DG in FMDs caused by an abnormal pattern in the ankle muscle recruitment strategy during gait.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old male patient presented with persistent limping gait. When we requested him to do dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of his ankle in the standing and seating positions, we didn’t see any abnormality. However, we could see the DG during the gait. There were no evidences of common peroneal neuropathy and L5 radiculopathy in the electrodiagnostic study. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine, lower leg, and brain had no definite finding. No specific finding was seen in the neurologic examination. For further evaluation, a wireless surface electromyography(EMG) was performed. During the gait, EMG amplitude of left medial and lateral gastrocnemius(GCM) muscles was larger than right medial and lateral GCM muscles. When we analyzed EMG signals for each muscle, there were EMG bursts of double-contraction in the left medial and lateral GCM muscles, while EMG analysis of right medial and lateral GCM muscles noted regular bursts of single contraction. We could find a cause of DG in FMDs.CONCLUSION We report an importance of a wireless surface EMG, in which other examination didn’t reveal the cause of DG in FMDs.
文摘Movement disorder management and therapy are rapidly evolving,owing to an ever-deeper understanding of disease biology and the discovery of new tools for diagnosis and treatment.With this narrative review,we aim to explore emerging therapeutic approaches for movement disorders,with a focus on Parkinson's disease(PD)and other movement-related pathological conditions,including Huntington's disease(HD),essential tremor(ET),and dystonia.This review encompasses preclinical research and human trials,providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape.Several promising therapeutic strategies have emerged,particularly in the realm of precision medicine for PD associated with GBA and LRRK2 gene mutations.Additionally,innovative immunotherapies and drugs targeting misfoldedα-synuclein are under investigation.These approaches have the potential to influence disease progression and improve patient outcomes.The landscape of pharmacological treatments for movement disorders is both complex and diverse,with substantial progress made over the years.While current treatments effectively manage motor symptoms,they fall short of providing a definitive cure and are limited by nonmotor symptoms and potential side effects.Novel techniques,such as gene therapy,stem cell therapy,and infusion therapies,offer promising avenues for future research.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071686)Clinical Research Fund of West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University(KL115,KL072).
文摘Genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies(DEE)are often associated with movement disorders.Accurate identification and classification of movement disorders are essential for management of these diseases.In this review,we describe the characteristics of various movement disorders associated with DEE and summarize the distribution of common DEE-related gene mutations reported in previous studies,aiming to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
文摘Electrical stimulation has been used to influence the nervous system since ancient times,with early examples including the Egyptian use of electric fish for pain relief.The use of electrical stimulation to improve the understanding of brain regions and their functions advanced significantly in the 19th century,with experiments by Fritsch,Hitzig,and Bartholow,culminating in the development of techniques such as electrocorticography by Horsley.The field evolved with the development of stereotactic surgery in the 20th century,which allowed for the precise targeting of brain regions to treat movement disorders and chronic pain.Despite the advent of pharmacological treatments such as levodopa for Parkinson’s disease,surgical approaches such as thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation(DBS)remain crucial for patients who are unresponsive to medication.The refinement of DBS,particularly targeting the thalamus and subthalamic nucleus,has revolutionized the treatment of movement disorders and resulted in the widespread adoption of this technique.In contrast,early psychiatric treatments were typically rudimentary and driven by the dire conditions of mental asylums rather than scientific understanding.DBS has also been extended to the treatment of psychiatric disorders.Early studies conducted in the late 1990s and the early 2000s showed promising results for conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.However,evidence of its efficacy in psychiatric conditions remains mixed,and ongoing research is required to establish its role.Ethical considerations are of paramount importance in this field,particularly concerning the safety,informed consent,and long-term effects of DBS.In contrast to movement disorders,psychiatric conditions experience challenges such as unclear biomarkers,subjective diagnoses,and unpredictable treatment responses,rendering DBS development in this area more complicated.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81730050).
文摘Background:Reports evaluating the efficacy of transcranial sonography(TCS)for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease(PD)and other movement disorders in China are scarce.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the application of TCS for the differential diagnosis of PD,multiple system atrophy(MSA),progressive supranuclear palsy(PSP),and essential tremor(ET)in Chinese individuals.Methods:From 2017 to 2019,500 inpatients treated at the Department of Dyskinesia,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University underwent routine transcranial ultrasound examination.The cross-sections at the midbrain and thalamus levels were scanned,and the incidence rates of substantia nigra(SN)positivity and the incidence rates of lenticular hyperechoic area were recorded.The echo of the SN was manually measured.Results:Of the 500 patients,125 were excluded due to poor signal in temporal window sound transmission.Among the 375 individuals with good temporal window sound transmission,200 were diagnosed with PD,90 with ET,50 with MSA,and 35 with PSP.The incidence rates of SN positivity differed significantly among the four patient groups(χ^(2)=121.061,P<0.001).Between-group comparisons were performed,and the PD group showed a higher SN positivity rate than the ET(χ^(2)=94.898,P<0.017),MSA(χ^(2)=57.619,P<0.017),and PSP(χ^(2)=37.687,P<0.017)groups.SN positivity showed a good diagnostic value for differentiating PD from the other three movement diseases,collectively or individually.The incidences of lenticular hyperechoic area significantly differed among the four patient groups(χ^(2)=38.904,P<0.001).Next,between-group comparisons were performed.The lenticular hyperechoic area was higher in the PD group than in the ET(χ^(2)=6.714,P<0.017)and MSA(χ^(2)=18.680,P<0.017)groups but lower than that in the PSP group(χ^(2)=0.679,P>0.017).Conclusion:SN positivity could effectively differentiate PD from ET,PSP,and MSA in a Chinese population.
文摘Previous reports on the pathogenesis of age-related movement disorders,such as Parkinson’s disease(PD)and essential tremor(ET),have demonstrated the potential implications of LINGO1(leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein)gene.Although LINGO2 has a high degree of homology with LINGO1,but it is less characterized and the role of LINGO2 in the development of PD/ET remains unreported.Hence,this metaanalysis was conducted to evaluate the role of LINGO2 in PD/ET pathogenesis.A total of 4 studies,which complied with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,were included in the meta-analysis.Analysis of the pooled odds ratio and confidence interval of the studies were performed for five genetic models,namely:allelic,dominant,recessive,homozygous,and heterozygous.No significant association was observed between the LINGO2 polymorphism and PD/ET,although subgroup analysis through conventional metaanalysis indicated that the recessive models of rs7033345 and rs10812774 are significantly associated with predisposition to ET in the Asian population.However,trial sequential analyses for both polymorphisms were unlikely to reveal any robust effect.Hence,studies with larger samples on this association are needed in the future to corroborate our results.
基金supported by STI 2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0201603(to JL)the Joint Foundation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.8091A170201(to JL)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.T2293730(to XC),T2293731(to XC),T2293734(to XC),62471291(to YW),62121003(to XC),61960206012(to XC),62333020(to XC),and 62171434(to XC)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,Nos.2022YFC2402501(to XC),2022YFB3205602(to XC).
文摘Neuromodulation techniques effectively intervene in cognitive function,holding considerable scientific and practical value in fields such as aerospace,medicine,life sciences,and brain research.These techniques utilize electrical stimulation to directly or indirectly target specific brain regions,modulating neural activity and influencing broader brain networks,thereby regulating cognitive function.Regulating cognitive function involves an understanding of aspects such as perception,learning and memory,attention,spatial cognition,and physical function.To enhance the application of cognitive regulation in the general population,this paper reviews recent publications from the Web of Science to assess the advancements and challenges of invasive and non-invasive stimulation methods in modulating cognitive functions.This review covers various neuromodulation techniques for cognitive intervention,including deep brain stimulation,vagus nerve stimulation,and invasive methods using microelectrode arrays.The non-invasive techniques discussed include transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,transcranial alternating current stimulation,transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation,and time interference stimulation for activating deep targets.Invasive stimulation methods,which are ideal for studying the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,tend to cause greater trauma and have been less researched in the context of cognitive function regulation.Non-invasive methods,particularly newer transcranial stimulation techniques,are gentler and more appropriate for regulating cognitive functions in the general population.These include transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation using acupoints and time interference methods for activating deep targets.This paper also discusses current technical challenges and potential future breakthroughs in neuromodulation technology.It is recommended that neuromodulation techniques be combined with neural detection methods to better assess their effects and improve the accuracy of non-invasive neuromodulation.Additionally,researching closed-loop feedback neuromodulation methods is identified as a promising direction for future development.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Automomous Region,Nos.2019GXNSFDA245015(to MC),2022GXNSFBA035654(to HL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82360241(to MC),82304876(to HL)+1 种基金Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of Guilin City,Nos.20220139-3(to MC),20210218-5(to HL)Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project(to QL)。
文摘α-Synuclein accumulation and transmission are vital to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease,although the mechanisms underlying misfoldedα-synuclein accumulation and propagation have not been conclusively determined.The expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1,which is abundantly expressed in neurons and considered to be a multifunctional endocytic receptor,is elevated in the neurons of patients with Parkinson's disease.However,whether there is a direct link between low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 andα-synuclein aggregation and propagation in Parkinson's disease remains unclear.Here,we established animal models of Parkinson's disease by inoculating monkeys and mice withα-synuclein pre-formed fibrils and observed elevated low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 levels in the striatum and substantia nigra,accompanied by dopaminergic neuron loss and increasedα-synuclein levels.However,low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 knockdown efficiently rescued dopaminergic neurodegeneration and inhibited the increase inα-synuclein levels in the nigrostriatal system.In HEK293A cells overexpressingα-synuclein fragments,low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 levels were upregulated only when the N-terminus ofα-synuclein was present,whereas anα-synuclein fragment lacking the N-terminus did not lead to low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 upregulation.Furthermore,the N-terminus ofα-synuclein was found to be rich in lysine residues,and blocking lysine residues in PC12 cells treated withα-synuclein pre-formed fibrils effectively reduced the elevated low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 andα-synuclein levels.These findings indicate that low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 regulates pathological transmission ofα-synuclein from the striatum to the substantia nigra in the nigrostriatal system via lysine residues in theα-synuclein N-terminus.
文摘Background: The botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is used in a wide range of neurological diseases. We aimed to study the overall patients/caregivers’ satisfaction with BoNT-A treatment in different neurological conditions. Methods: Prospective study included patients who had received at least two BoNT-A treatment sessions. They were asked to rate overall treatment satisfaction at the peak of treatment effect on a 1 to 10 scale (1 = not at all satisfied;10 = fully satisfied). Subjects with a rating of 1to3 were classified as not at all satisfied, those with a rating of 4 to7 as somewhat satisfied, and those with a rating of 8 to10 as very satisfied. Treatment satisfaction questionnaire for medicine (TSQM) was assessed at the end of observational period. Quality of life QOL was assessed before BoNT-A treatment and at the last visit. Results: The study was conducted from first April 2014 to August 2021. 548 patients were identified with mean age 43.66 ± 14.50. Most of participants 389 (71%) were female. At the end of observational period, the mean satisfaction was 7.28 ± 1.78. There was a highly significant difference (P P P = 0.001). Conclusion: Satisfaction with BoNT-A therapy for different neurological disorders is overall good. The highest patient satisfaction was observed with primary focal HH, and the least satisfaction was observed in writer’s cramp. BoNT-A therapy improved QOL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91649114)the Jiangsu Provincial Special Program of Medical Science, China (BL2014042)+3 种基金a Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Projectthe Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease (Szzx201503)Jiangsu Province Ordinary University Professional Degree Graduate Practice Innovation, China (SJZZ16-0242)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China
文摘Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder （RBD） is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of parkinsonism, and it may serve as a prodromal marker of neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism underlying RBD is unclear. Several prospective studies have reported that specific non-motor symptoms predict a conversion risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease, including olfactory dysfunction, abnormal color vision, autonomic dysfunction, excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, and cognitive impairment. Parkinson＇s disease （PD） with RBD exhibits clinical heterogeneity with respect to motor and non-motor symptoms compared with PD without RBD. In this review, we describe the main clinical and pathogenic features of RBD, focusing on its association with other non-motor symptoms of parkinsonism.
文摘Background Vocal cord movement disorder （VCMD） is a laryngeal disorder characterized by paradoxical adduction of the vocal cords during in inspiration, expiration or both. The nursing experience of patients with VCMD after aortic dissection surgery is limited. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and nursing records of 269 patients after aortic dissection surgery in Guangdong General Hospital between May 2010 and May 2012. We observed the patients＇ pronunciation, and judged if there was dysphagia undergoing water drinking test two hours after extubation, to confirm whether patients had VCMD. Results Seventeen patients had VCMD after aortic dissection surgery, of whom 2 suffered hoarseness, 3 had dysphasia and 12 had both hoarseness and dysphasia. After timely treatment and carefully nursing, all the patients recovered well. Conclusions With the enhanced care of patients with aortic dissection, observing hoarseness appearance and drinking experiment immediately after extubation can detect VCMD as soon as possible. Further rehabilita- tion training and psychology care can prevent bucking and aspiration effectively, and promoting recovery and improving patient＇s life quality.
文摘BACKGROUND Spinal anesthesia is commonly used for various surgeries.While many complications occur after induction of spinal anesthesia,involuntary movement is an extremely rare complication.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report the case of a 54-year-old healthy male patient who experienced involuntary movements after intrathecal injection of local anesthetics.This patient had undergone metal implant removal surgery in both the lower extremities;7 h after intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine administration,involuntary raising of the left leg began to occur every 2 min.When the movement disorder appeared,the patient was conscious and cooperative.No other specific symptoms were noted in the physical examination conducted immediately after the involuntary leg raising started;moreover,the patient's motor and sensory assessments were normal.The symptom gradually subsided.Twelve hours after the symptom first occurred,its frequency decreased to approximately once every three hours.Two days postoperatively,the symptoms had completely disappeared without intervention.CONCLUSION Anesthesiologists should be aware that movement disorders can occur after spinal anesthesia and be able to identify the cause,such as electrolyte imbalance or epilepsy,since immediate action may be required for treatment.Furthermore,it is crucial to know that involuntary movement that develop following spinal anesthesia is mostly self-limiting and may not require additional costly examinations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Exploration of Key Factors and Mechanisms of Modulating Motor Function Reconstruction After Cerebral Infarction Through Multimodal Brain Functional Connectivity Perspective in Procedural Acupoint Electrical Stimulation Research(No.82374601)the Jointly Guided Program of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province:Quantitative Study on the Role of Scalp Acupuncture in the Motor Area in Promoting Motor Function Reconstruction after Stroke(No.LH2019H113)+1 种基金the Innovation Team Construction Project of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine:Construction of a Doctoral Research and Innovation Team in Acupuncture Science(No.2017sit01)the Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project of Heilongjiang Province:Clinical Study on the Promotion of Upper Limb Motor Function Reconstruction in Post-Stroke Patients Using Optimal Limb Positioning with Electroacupuncture(No.ZHY2022-171)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)at scalp motor area for treating post-stroke wrist dyskinesia and its influence on the function of wrist movement-related agonistic muscles.METHODS:A randomized,single-blind,controlled clinical trial was conducted.Sixty-six patients undergoing post-stroke wrist dyskinesia were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to EA or control group.Patients in the control group received manual acupuncture in the scalp motor area(MS 6)on the lesion side.The same acupoint was selected to accept EA stimulation in the EA group.All patients were treated six times a week for three weeks.The primary outcome was the Chinese Stroke Scale(CSS)score.The secondary outcomes included upper limb-related Barthel Index(BI)score,active range of motion(AROM)of the wrist joint,and root mean square(RMS)of the four agonistic muscles associated with wrist motion on the hemiplegic side of patients,i.e.,the extensor carpi radialis longus(ECRL),extensor digitorum(ED),flexor carpi radialis(FCR)and flexor carpi ulnaris(FCU).The above indicators were measured before and after three weeks of treatment.RESULTS:After 3-week treatment,the CSS score and AROM of wrist dorsiflexion of the EA group were better than those in the control group(P=0.038,P=0.047).The differences between the two groups of BI scores and AROM of wrist flexion were not significant(P>0.05).All RMS of the EA group were higher than those in the control group(ECRL:P=0.047,ED:P=0.048,FCR:P=0.049,FCU:P=0.047).The total effective rate in the EA group was 87.50%(28/32),which was higher than that in the control group(77.42%,24/31,P=0.048).CONCLUSION:EA stimulation of the scalp motor area can promote the recovery of the strength and function of the agonistic muscles related to wrist movement and effectively improve post-stroke wrist dyskinesia.
文摘BACKGROUND A growing body of literature indicates that the occurrence of thalamic lesions could lead to various dysfunctions,such as somatosensory disturbances,hemiparesis,language deficits,and movement disorders.However,clinical cases describing the coexistence of these types of manifestations have not been reported.Herein,we report a patient who exhibited these rare complications secondary to thalamic hemorrhage.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old right-handed man experienced sudden left hemiparesis,numbness of the left side of body,and language alterations due to an acute hemorrhage located in the right basal ganglia and thalamus 18 mo ago.Approximately 17 mo after the onset of stroke,he exhibited rare complications including dysphasia,kinetic tremor confined to the left calf,and mirror movement of the left arm which are unique and interesting,and a follow-up computed tomography scan revealed an old hemorrhagic lesion in the right thalamus and posterior limb of the internal capsule.CONCLUSION Hypophonia may be a recognizable clinical sign of thalamus lesions;thalamus injury could cause tremor confined to the lower extremity and mimicking extremity movements.
文摘Neurological features in celiac disease(CD) are not rare(5%-36%), but tremor is scarcely described. Subjects with CD and healthy controls completed an online survey using WHIGET tremor rating scale. One thousand five hundred and twelve subjects completed the survey, finally 674 CD patients and 290 healthy subjects were included. A higher prevalence of tremor in CD patients was observed in comparison to controls(28% vs 14%, P < 0.001). Frequency of family history of tremor in CD patients with and without tremor was 25% and 20%(P = 0.2), while in the control group it was 41% and 10%(P < 0.001). Controls with tremor showed a higher frequency of family history of tremor when compared to CD patients with tremor(41.5% vs 24.6%, P = 0.03). The results suggested that tremor in CD might be more frequent and possibly related to the disease itself and not due to associated essential tremor.
