Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper th...Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper the clinical application.Numerous evidences support macrophages as the key immune cells during bone remodeling.Our study discovered that the monocyte-derived macrophages primarily exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype that dominated bone remodeling in corticotomy by CX3CR1CreERT2;R26GFP lineage tracing system.Fluorescence staining,flow cytometry analysis,and western blot determined the significantly enhanced expression of binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)and emphasized the activation of sensor activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)in macrophages.Then,we verified that macrophage specific ATF6 deletion(ATF6f/f;CX3CR1CreERT2 mice)decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and therefore blocked the acceleration effect of corticotomy.In contrast,macrophage ATF6 overexpression exaggerated the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.In vitro experiments also proved that higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was positively correlated with higher expression of ATF6.At the mechanism level,RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated that ATF6 modulated the macrophage-orchestrated inflammation through interacting with Tnfαpromotor and augmenting its transcription.Additionally,molecular docking simulation and dual-luciferase reporter system indicated the possible binding sites outside of the traditional endoplasmic reticulum-stress response element(ERSE).Taken together,ATF6 may aggravate orthodontic bone remodeling by promoting Tnfαtranscription in macrophages,suggesting that ATF6 may represent a promising therapeutic target for non-invasive accelerated orthodontics.展开更多
The approximately 3000 km long Tan-Lu fault zone(TLFZ)in East Asia is the longest continental strike-slip fault zone in the world and exemplifies how such a fault zone forms and propagates on a continental scale.Struc...The approximately 3000 km long Tan-Lu fault zone(TLFZ)in East Asia is the longest continental strike-slip fault zone in the world and exemplifies how such a fault zone forms and propagates on a continental scale.Structural and geochronological data from the TLFZ and surrounding regions indicate that the fault zone originated as NE/SW-striking sinistral ductile shear zones along an oblique continental convergence margin during the Triassic indentation collision between the North China Craton and the Yangtze Block.The Triassic fault zone,with a total length of about 720 km between the Dabie and Sulu orogens,exhibited an apparent sinistral offset of approximately 300 km along the TLFZ.The second stage of sinistral movement occurred in the earliest Late Jurassic,reactivating the pre-existing southern segment and propagating northwards to the southern coastline of present-day Bohai Bay,as well as forming a significant portion of the Dunhua-Mishan fault zone.The third stage of sinistral movement,in the earliest Early Cretaceous,was the most intense strike-slip movement of the Mesozoic,leading to the complete linkage of the TLFZ.This stage included further northward propagation of the southern-middle segment,both southward and northward propagation of the Dunhua-Mishan fault zone,as well as the formation of the entire Yilan-Yitong fault zone.The fourth stage,in the earliest Late Cretaceous,involved the reactivation of the entire TLFZ.Following its Triassic origin due to the indentation collision,the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate and the subduction and closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean were responsible for the multi-stage sinistral movements from the Late Jurassic to the Cretaceous.The evolution of the TLFZ demonstrates that a continental-scale strike-slip fault zone(>1000 km long)forms through multiple stages of propagation and linkage in dynamic settings of plate convergence.展开更多
Flexible circuit switches have been widely used in electronic devices due to their outstanding flexibility and operability.In order to expand the types of flexible circuit switch materials,we develop a unique composit...Flexible circuit switches have been widely used in electronic devices due to their outstanding flexibility and operability.In order to expand the types of flexible circuit switch materials,we develop a unique composite material,which integrates a photoresponsive flexible substrate derived from a photoreactive coordination polymer(CP)with an elastic conductive adhesive tape(CAT)in this work.The photoreactive CP{[Cd(2,6-bpvn)(3,5-DBB)_(2)]·DMF}_(n)(1)is prepared through solvothermal reaction of Cd(NO_(3))_(2)·4H_(2)O with 2,6-bis((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)naphthalene(2,6-bpvn)and 3,5-dibromobenzoic acid(3,5-HDBB).Upon irradiation with UV light,crystals of 1 can undergo[2+2]photocycloaddition reaction and exhibit photomechanical movements.The crystalline powder of 1 can be uniformly distributed in polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)to generate the composite film 1-PVA.After pasting a piece of CAT on the surface of a 1-PVA film,a conductive two-layer film of 1-PVA/CAT can be fabricated.This film bends rapidly upon UV light exposure,connecting the circuit and causing the bulb to light up.When the light source is removed,it reverts to its initial state and the circuit is disconnected and the bulb is extinguished.This process can be cycled at least 100 times,achieving precise turn-on and turn-off performances of the photocontrollable circuit switch.展开更多
1.Introduction Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines—which encompass regular physical activity,adequate sleep,and limited sedentary time1—significantly influences long-term health outcomes during adolescence and ...1.Introduction Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines—which encompass regular physical activity,adequate sleep,and limited sedentary time1—significantly influences long-term health outcomes during adolescence and contributes holistically to overall health.2 However,its prospective relationship with midlife mortality remains unknown to date.Our aim was to determine the association between adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines during adolescence and premature mortality 26-27 years later.This aim was based on existing evidence3 suggesting a potential link between meeting these guidelines and reduced mortality risk among adults in an 11-year follow-up.展开更多
The successful penetration of government,corporate,and organizational IT systems by state and non-state actors deploying APT vectors continues at an alarming pace.Advanced Persistent Threat(APT)attacks continue to pos...The successful penetration of government,corporate,and organizational IT systems by state and non-state actors deploying APT vectors continues at an alarming pace.Advanced Persistent Threat(APT)attacks continue to pose significant challenges for organizations despite technological advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)-based defense mechanisms.While AI has enhanced organizational capabilities for deterrence,detection,and mitigation of APTs,the global escalation in reported incidents,particularly those successfully penetrating critical government infrastructure has heightened concerns among information technology(IT)security administrators and decision-makers.Literature review has identified the stealthy lateral movement(LM)of malware within the initially infected local area network(LAN)as a significant concern.However,current literature has yet to propose a viable approach for resource-efficient,real-time detection of APT malware lateral movement within the initially compromised LAN following perimeter breach.Researchers have suggested the nature of the dataset,optimal feature selection,and the choice of machine learning(ML)techniques as critical factors for detection.Hence,the objective of the research described here was to successfully demonstrate a simplified lightweight ML method for detecting the LM of APT vectors.While the nearest detection rate achieved in the LM domain within LAN was 99.89%,as reported in relevant studies,our approach surpassed it,with a detection rate of 99.95%for the modified random forest(RF)classifier for dataset 1.Additionally,our approach achieved a perfect 100%detection rate for the decision tree(DT)and RF classifiers with dataset 2,a milestone not previously reached in studies within this domain involving two distinct datasets.Using the ML life cycle methodology,we deployed K-nearest neighbor(KNN),support vector machine(SVM),DT,and RF on three relevant datasets to detect the LM of APTs at the affected LAN prior to data exfiltration/destruction.Feature engineering presented four critical APT LM intrusion detection(ID)indicators(features)across the three datasets,namely,the source port number,the destination port number,the packets,and the bytes.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of lightweight ML classifiers in detecting APT lateral movement after network perimeter breach.It contributes to the field by proposing a non-intrusive network detection method capable of identifying APT malware before data exfiltration,thus providing an additional layer of organizational defense.展开更多
A novel block–particle discrete-element simulation method that matches the double medium of overlying rock(OLR)and loose layer(LSL)in coal mining is developed in this study.This method achieves the collaborative fail...A novel block–particle discrete-element simulation method that matches the double medium of overlying rock(OLR)and loose layer(LSL)in coal mining is developed in this study.This method achieves the collaborative failure characteristics of mining damage under the conduction of double media between the OLR and LSL by combining the self-weight stress loading of the LSL and the breakage morphology of the bedrock top.Based on this,the conduction law of high-strength mining damage in the double medium in a western mining area is simulated and analyzed.The combining effect of the OLR breakage morphology and LSL characteristics on the surface-subsidence characteristics is analyzed and verified based on on-site measurements.The results indicate that the OLR is guided by the“double-control layer and thick-soft rock buffer layer”and shows“grouping subsidence”,whereas the surface forms collaborative subsidence with the thick-soft rock buffer layer.In the ultra-full mining stage,the surface presents an“asymmetric inverted trapezoidal”subsidence trough shape.The simulation results agree well the on-site measurements in terms of the surface-subsidence and bedrock-subsidence coefficients.The proposed simulation method provides a scientific approach for investigating the micro-conduction mechanism of mining damage under the effect of high-strength mining in western mining areas.It will benefit future investigations pertaining to the characteristics of OLR breakage and surface subsidence under conditions such as LSL thickness and proportion.展开更多
Limb movement disorder after stroke is one of the main causes of disability,seriously affecting patients’quality of life.Although modern medical treatment can alleviate some symptoms,it has limitations.Traditional Ch...Limb movement disorder after stroke is one of the main causes of disability,seriously affecting patients’quality of life.Although modern medical treatment can alleviate some symptoms,it has limitations.Traditional Chinese medicine,with an overall perspective and syndrome differentiation and treatment as its core,intervenes in the disease through various therapies,such as acupuncture,Chinese herbal medicine,Tuina massage,and traditional exercise,demonstrating unique advantages.This article reviews the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of limb movement disorders after stroke in traditional Chinese medicine,systematically summarizes the clinical application and research progress of main treatment methods such as acupuncture,Chinese herbal medicine,and Tuina massage,analyzes the problems existing in current research,and looks forward to future development directions,aiming to provide references for clinical treatment.展开更多
Transcranial temporal interference stimulation(tTIS)is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to precisely target deep brain structures.This study explores the neural and behavioral effects ...Transcranial temporal interference stimulation(tTIS)is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to precisely target deep brain structures.This study explores the neural and behavioral effects of tTIS on the superior colliculus(SC),a region involved in eye movement control,in mice.Computational modeling revealed that tTIS delivers more focused stimulation to the SC than traditional transcranial alternating current stimulation.In vivo experiments,including Ca^(2+)signal recordings and eye movement tracking,showed that tTIS effectively modulates SC neural activity and induces eye movements.A significant correlation was found between stimulation frequency and saccade frequency,suggesting direct tTIS-induced modulation of SC activity.These results demonstrate the precision of tTIS in targeting deep brain regions and regulating eye movements,highlighting its potential for neuroscientific research and therapeutic applications.展开更多
The historical movements of relative sea level(RSL)reflect the geomorphological dynamics around coastal regions in the past,and reconstructing the RSL curve contributes to the prediction of future RSL movements.On the...The historical movements of relative sea level(RSL)reflect the geomorphological dynamics around coastal regions in the past,and reconstructing the RSL curve contributes to the prediction of future RSL movements.On the basis of the sediment sequence and optical stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating data of three boreholes in the Yellow River Delta(YRD),the positions of paleo-coastlines and the movements of RSL in the last 2000 years were reconstructed.The main results are as follows:1)the YRD coast transformed from a tide-dominated silty coast to a wave-dominated sandy coast and back to a tide-dominated silty coast in the last 2000 years.2)The sand layers consisting of shell fragments indicated the locations of the coastline in 1855 AD,893 AD,and 40 BC,and their top elevations were close to the mean high water level in the corresponding years.3)The mean sea level elevation in 79 BC,1019 AD,and 1800 AD relative to the modern sea level was -4.52,-4.52,and-2.92 m,respectively.4)The RSL was almost stagnant during 79 BC-1019 AD,rose slowly during 1019-1800 AD due to the reverse change of global climate from the Little Ice Age to the Medieval Warm Period,and rose significantly after 1800 AD due to the warm period.5)The movement of RSL controlled the surface slope of YRD,which was a slope of approximately 0.022‰ at 893 AD,an inverted slope of 0.144‰ at 1855 AD,and a slope of 0.075‰ recently.These findings indicate that the modern YRD is far from being abandoned in the future,providing a historical geomorphological basis for the management of the Yellow River Estuary.展开更多
Background:The Canadian 24-h movement guidelines(24-HMG)emphasize the holistic consideration of physical activity(PA),sedentary behavior,and sleep in shaping health outcomes.This study aimed to examine the association...Background:The Canadian 24-h movement guidelines(24-HMG)emphasize the holistic consideration of physical activity(PA),sedentary behavior,and sleep in shaping health outcomes.This study aimed to examine the associations between meeting 24-HMG and emotion regulation-related indicators among children and adolescents.Methods:A total of 534 Chinese children and adolescents aged 12.94±1.10 years(49.81%males)participated in this study and completed self-report measures assessing 24-h movement behaviors,emotion regulation strategies,emotion regulation flexibility,and regulatory emotional self-efficacy.Results:Only 7.12% of theparticipants adhered to two or all three guidelines.The number of guidelines met was positively associated with the use of emotion regulation strategies,emotion regulation flexibility,and regulatory emotional self-efficacy.Compared with meeting none of the guidelines,participants whomet one ormore guidelines reported significantly better performance in these outcomes.Conclusion:Meeting 24-HMG was associated with superior emotion regulation in children and adolescents.The importance of engaging in regular PA,limiting recreational screen time,and getting enough sleep should be highlighted for fostering emotion regulation in this demographic.展开更多
Pyroptosis,an inflammatory caspase-dependent programmed cell death,plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and activating inflammatory responses.Orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)is an aseptic force-induced ...Pyroptosis,an inflammatory caspase-dependent programmed cell death,plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and activating inflammatory responses.Orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)is an aseptic force-induced inflammatory bone remodeling process mediated by the activation of periodontal ligament(PDL)progenitor cells.However,whether and how force induces PDL progenitor cell pyroptosis,thereby influencing OTM and alveolar bone remodeling remains unknown.In this study,we found that mechanical force induced the expression of pyroptosis-related markers in rat OTM and alveolar bone remodeling process.Blocking or enhancing pyroptosis level could suppress or promote OTM and alveolar bone remodeling respectively.Using Caspase-1^(−/−)mice,we further demonstrated that the functional role of the force-induced pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells depended on Caspase-1.Moreover,mechanical force could also induce pyroptosis in human ex-vivo force-treated PDL progenitor cells and in compressive force-loaded PDL progenitor cells in vitro,which influenced osteoclastogenesis.Mechanistically,transient receptor potential subfamily V member 4 signaling was involved in force-induced Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells.Overall,this study suggested a novel mechanism contributing to the modulation of osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone remodeling under mechanical stimuli,indicating a promising approach to accelerate OTM by targeting Caspase-1.展开更多
The utilization of optimal orthodontic force is crucial to prevent undesirable side effects and ensure efficient tooth movement during orthodontic treatment.However,the sensitivity of existing detection techniques is ...The utilization of optimal orthodontic force is crucial to prevent undesirable side effects and ensure efficient tooth movement during orthodontic treatment.However,the sensitivity of existing detection techniques is not sufficient,and the criteria for evaluating optimal force have not been yet established.Here,by employing 3D finite element analysis methodology,we found that the apical distal region(A-D region)of mesial roots is particularly sensitive to orthodontic force in rats.Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase(TRAP)-positive osteoclasts began accumulating in the A-D region under the force of 40 grams(g),leading to alveolar bone resorption and tooth movement.When the force reached 80 g,TRAP-positive osteoclasts started appearing on the root surface in the A-D region.Additionally,micro-computed tomography revealed a significant root resorption at 80 g.Notably,the A-D region was identified as a major contributor to whole root resorption.It was determined that 40 g is the minimum effective force for tooth movement with minimal side effects according to the analysis of tooth movement,inclination,and hyalinization.These findings suggest that the A-D region with its changes on the root surface is an important consideration and sensitive indicator when evaluating orthodontic forces for a rat model.Collectively,our investigations into this region would aid in offering valuable implications for preventing and minimizing root resorption during patients’orthodontic treatment.展开更多
To the editor:It is commonly reported that people with insomnia often experience comorbid emotional disorders,such as mood and anxiety disorders.12 A study found that fragmented rapid eye movement(REM)sleep in individ...To the editor:It is commonly reported that people with insomnia often experience comorbid emotional disorders,such as mood and anxiety disorders.12 A study found that fragmented rapid eye movement(REM)sleep in individuals with insomnia is associated with higher Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)scores.3 REM sleep architecture disruption is a typical symptom of insomnia.展开更多
1.Background The importance of physical activity(PA)for health is unequivocal.^(1)Accordingly,population-based recommendations for exercise,and more recently public health guidelines for PA,have been developed and rel...1.Background The importance of physical activity(PA)for health is unequivocal.^(1)Accordingly,population-based recommendations for exercise,and more recently public health guidelines for PA,have been developed and released by authoritative groups for many decades.^(2)Such guidelines emerged with leadership from the exercise physiology discipline and were rooted in,and loyal to,the importance of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA(MVPA)or exercise.展开更多
In the context of global warming and intensified human activities,glacier instability in plateau regions has increased,and glacier debris flows have become active,which poses a significant threat to the lives and prop...In the context of global warming and intensified human activities,glacier instability in plateau regions has increased,and glacier debris flows have become active,which poses a significant threat to the lives and property of people and socioeconomic development.The mass movement process of glacier debris flows is extremely complex,so this paper uses the 2018 Sedongpu glacier debris flow event on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as an example and applies a numerical simulation method to invert the whole process of mass movement.In view of the interaction between phases in the process of motion,we use the fluid-solid coupling method to describe the mass movement.The granular-flow model and drift-flux model are employed in FLOW3D software to study the mass movement process of glacier debris flows and explore their dynamic characteristics.The results indicate that the glacier debris flow lasted for 700 s,and the movement process was roughly divided into four stages,including initiation,scraping,surging and deposition;the depositional characteristics calculated by the fluid-solid coupling model are consistent with the actual survey results and have good reliability;strong erosion occurs during the mass movement,the clear volume amplification effect,and the first wave climbs 17.8 m across the slope.The fluid-solid coupling method can better simulate glacier debris flows in plateau regions,which is helpful for the study of the mechanism and dynamic characteristics of such disasters.展开更多
Background:Emerging adulthood is a pivotal life stage,presenting significant psychological and social changes,such as decreased sociability,depression,and other mental health problems.Previous studies have associated ...Background:Emerging adulthood is a pivotal life stage,presenting significant psychological and social changes,such as decreased sociability,depression,and other mental health problems.Previous studies have associated these changes with an unhealthy lifestyle.The 24-h movement guidelines for healthy lifestyles have been developed to promote appropriate health behaviors and improve individual wellness.However,the relationship between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and different characteristics of Chinese emerging adults is yet to be explored.This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and four characteristics(self-exploration,instability,possibilities,and responsibility)of Chinese emerging adults.Methods:Overall,1,510 Chinese emerging adults aged 18–29 years were included in this study.Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire that included questions on adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines(physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep)and the inventory of dimensions of emerging adulthood.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the associations between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and each of the four characteristics.Results:The proportion of participants who adhered to the 24-h movement guidelines was 31.72%.Multiple regression analysis revealed a significantly negative relationship between adhering to more guidelines and instability(β=−0.51,p<0.001).A statistically significant association was observed between instability and meeting only sedentary behavior(β=−1.27,95%confidence interval[CI]:[−2.32,−0.24],p=0.02),sedentary behavior+sleep(β=−1.30,95%CI:[−2.24,−0.35],p<0.01),and physical activity+sedentary behavior(β=−1.08,95%CI:[1.94,−0.21],p=0.02)guidelines.Further,positive and significant associations were observed between possibilities and meeting the guidelines for only physical activity(β=0.70,95%CI:[0.14,1.27),p=0.01),only sleep(β=0.61,95%CI:[0.01,1.21],p=0.04),physical activity+sedentary behavior(β=0.56,95%CI:[0.04,1.07),p=0.01),and physical activity+sleep(β=0.76,95%CI:[0.23,1.27],p=0.01).Conclusions:These findings suggest that adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines was associated with instability in Chinese emerging adults.Future studies are warranted to verify our findings to highlight the importance of maintaining a heath lifestyle to promote health in emerging adulthood.展开更多
The global ionosphere maps(GIM)provided by the International GNSS Service(IGS)are extensively utilized for ionospheric morphology monitoring,scientific research,and practical application.Assessing the credibility of G...The global ionosphere maps(GIM)provided by the International GNSS Service(IGS)are extensively utilized for ionospheric morphology monitoring,scientific research,and practical application.Assessing the credibility of GIM products in data-sparse regions is of paramount importance.In this study,measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)are leveraged to evaluate the suitability of IGS-GIM products over China region in 2013-2014.The indices of mean error(ME),root mean square error(RMSE),and normalized RMSE(NRMSE)are then utilized to quantify the accuracy of IGS-GIM products.Results revealed distinct local time and latitudinal dependencies in IGS-GIM errors,with substantially high errors at nighttime(NRMSE:39%)and above 40°latitude(NRMSE:49%).Seasonal differences also emerged,with larger equinoctial deviations(NRMSE:33.5%)compared with summer(20%).A preliminary analysis implied that the irregular assimilation of sparse IGS observations,compounded by China’s distinct geomagnetic topology,may manifest as error variations.These results suggest that modeling based solely on IGS-GIM observations engenders inadequate representations across China and that a thorough examination would proffer the necessary foundation for advancing regional total electron content(TEC)constructions.展开更多
1.Background The Olympic motto,"Faster,Higher,Stronger-Together",represents the pursuit of athletic excellence,united as a global community."Excellence,respect and friendship"are the Olympic values...1.Background The Olympic motto,"Faster,Higher,Stronger-Together",represents the pursuit of athletic excellence,united as a global community."Excellence,respect and friendship"are the Olympic values.Both the motto and values are multifaceted and holistic in nature,and all-encompassing in their reach while recognizing no single entity rises above the others.Collectively,these foundational statements anchor the Olympic movement in its quest to build a better world through sport.展开更多
In previous studies,Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)stimulation was used to stop ratbots from moving.Due to the homology between the PAG and the intercollicular nucleus,which has been used for forward movement in birds,we inv...In previous studies,Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)stimulation was used to stop ratbots from moving.Due to the homology between the PAG and the intercollicular nucleus,which has been used for forward movement in birds,we investigated the possibility of PAG application to induce forward locomotion for the first time.Using a corridor maze,the traveled distances via PAG electrical stimulation were examined in nine Wistar male rats during three sessions.A custom-designed stimulator was developed to apply the stimulation.The results showed reductions in responses to stimulation over time.Accordingly,the traveled distances had negative slopes during the consecutive trials(in 8 out of the 9 rats),and the slope mean was significantly different from zero.There was a strong correlation between the stimulation parameters(electric Charge per Phase(CPP)and the Number of Pulses(NP))and the observed slopes.The negative Movement Slopes(MS)were highly correlated with the CPP and the NP,as the Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were−0.87 and−0.79,respectively.The MS-CPP coefficients of determination(R-squared)were also between 0.76 and 0.95.In addition,the MS-NP coefficients of determination were between 0.63 and 0.87.Thus,it is concluded that the electrical stimulation parameters influence the behavioral outcomes directly.Furthermore,the PAG area may be considered a suitable candidate for forward locomotion control in the future if the area is harnessed effectively to prevent undesirable chaotic behaviors.展开更多
Habitat selection is a dynamic process that depends on many environmental variables that can vary with weather conditions.This is important because,within a context of global change,extreme weather events,such as seve...Habitat selection is a dynamic process that depends on many environmental variables that can vary with weather conditions.This is important because,within a context of global change,extreme weather events,such as severe droughts,are predicted to become more frequent.We examined the patterns of microhabitat selection and underground movements(using PIT-tag telemetry)of a strictly fossorial reptile,the North African checkboard amphisbaenian Trogonophis wiegmanni,during the summer drought period.We aimed to test whether changes in strategies of habitat use and movements could allow this amphisbaenian to cope with unfavorable weather.We found that during the summer drought period,T.wiegmanni did not use the microhabitats in relationship to their availability,but particularly selected sites with high abundance of rocks but also areas under a high cover of bushes,where environmental conditions were more favorable.We also found,using PIT-tag telemetry,that the numbers of T.wiegmanni individuals located under rocks and their activity(number of days with movements)decreased largely in summer.However,the animals were not entirely inactive,but,especially males were active below the ground under bushes and made some relatively long underground hidden movements between favorable areas.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071143,82371000,82270361)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022795)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_1801)the Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through the Science,Technology and Education-Jiangsu Provincial Research Hospital Cultivation Unit(YJXYYJSDW4)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center(CXZX202227).
文摘Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper the clinical application.Numerous evidences support macrophages as the key immune cells during bone remodeling.Our study discovered that the monocyte-derived macrophages primarily exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype that dominated bone remodeling in corticotomy by CX3CR1CreERT2;R26GFP lineage tracing system.Fluorescence staining,flow cytometry analysis,and western blot determined the significantly enhanced expression of binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)and emphasized the activation of sensor activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)in macrophages.Then,we verified that macrophage specific ATF6 deletion(ATF6f/f;CX3CR1CreERT2 mice)decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and therefore blocked the acceleration effect of corticotomy.In contrast,macrophage ATF6 overexpression exaggerated the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.In vitro experiments also proved that higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was positively correlated with higher expression of ATF6.At the mechanism level,RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated that ATF6 modulated the macrophage-orchestrated inflammation through interacting with Tnfαpromotor and augmenting its transcription.Additionally,molecular docking simulation and dual-luciferase reporter system indicated the possible binding sites outside of the traditional endoplasmic reticulum-stress response element(ERSE).Taken together,ATF6 may aggravate orthodontic bone remodeling by promoting Tnfαtranscription in macrophages,suggesting that ATF6 may represent a promising therapeutic target for non-invasive accelerated orthodontics.
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(Grant 2024ZD1001301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 42272241,42102254 and 41830213)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant JZ2023HGTB0238).
文摘The approximately 3000 km long Tan-Lu fault zone(TLFZ)in East Asia is the longest continental strike-slip fault zone in the world and exemplifies how such a fault zone forms and propagates on a continental scale.Structural and geochronological data from the TLFZ and surrounding regions indicate that the fault zone originated as NE/SW-striking sinistral ductile shear zones along an oblique continental convergence margin during the Triassic indentation collision between the North China Craton and the Yangtze Block.The Triassic fault zone,with a total length of about 720 km between the Dabie and Sulu orogens,exhibited an apparent sinistral offset of approximately 300 km along the TLFZ.The second stage of sinistral movement occurred in the earliest Late Jurassic,reactivating the pre-existing southern segment and propagating northwards to the southern coastline of present-day Bohai Bay,as well as forming a significant portion of the Dunhua-Mishan fault zone.The third stage of sinistral movement,in the earliest Early Cretaceous,was the most intense strike-slip movement of the Mesozoic,leading to the complete linkage of the TLFZ.This stage included further northward propagation of the southern-middle segment,both southward and northward propagation of the Dunhua-Mishan fault zone,as well as the formation of the entire Yilan-Yitong fault zone.The fourth stage,in the earliest Late Cretaceous,involved the reactivation of the entire TLFZ.Following its Triassic origin due to the indentation collision,the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate and the subduction and closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean were responsible for the multi-stage sinistral movements from the Late Jurassic to the Cretaceous.The evolution of the TLFZ demonstrates that a continental-scale strike-slip fault zone(>1000 km long)forms through multiple stages of propagation and linkage in dynamic settings of plate convergence.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U24A20507,22271203)the State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2024KF005)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Nanjing University and the Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology.
文摘Flexible circuit switches have been widely used in electronic devices due to their outstanding flexibility and operability.In order to expand the types of flexible circuit switch materials,we develop a unique composite material,which integrates a photoresponsive flexible substrate derived from a photoreactive coordination polymer(CP)with an elastic conductive adhesive tape(CAT)in this work.The photoreactive CP{[Cd(2,6-bpvn)(3,5-DBB)_(2)]·DMF}_(n)(1)is prepared through solvothermal reaction of Cd(NO_(3))_(2)·4H_(2)O with 2,6-bis((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)naphthalene(2,6-bpvn)and 3,5-dibromobenzoic acid(3,5-HDBB).Upon irradiation with UV light,crystals of 1 can undergo[2+2]photocycloaddition reaction and exhibit photomechanical movements.The crystalline powder of 1 can be uniformly distributed in polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)to generate the composite film 1-PVA.After pasting a piece of CAT on the surface of a 1-PVA film,a conductive two-layer film of 1-PVA/CAT can be fabricated.This film bends rapidly upon UV light exposure,connecting the circuit and causing the bulb to light up.When the light source is removed,it reverts to its initial state and the circuit is disconnected and the bulb is extinguished.This process can be cycled at least 100 times,achieving precise turn-on and turn-off performances of the photocontrollable circuit switch.
文摘1.Introduction Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines—which encompass regular physical activity,adequate sleep,and limited sedentary time1—significantly influences long-term health outcomes during adolescence and contributes holistically to overall health.2 However,its prospective relationship with midlife mortality remains unknown to date.Our aim was to determine the association between adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines during adolescence and premature mortality 26-27 years later.This aim was based on existing evidence3 suggesting a potential link between meeting these guidelines and reduced mortality risk among adults in an 11-year follow-up.
基金Rabdan Academy for funding the research presented in the paper.
文摘The successful penetration of government,corporate,and organizational IT systems by state and non-state actors deploying APT vectors continues at an alarming pace.Advanced Persistent Threat(APT)attacks continue to pose significant challenges for organizations despite technological advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)-based defense mechanisms.While AI has enhanced organizational capabilities for deterrence,detection,and mitigation of APTs,the global escalation in reported incidents,particularly those successfully penetrating critical government infrastructure has heightened concerns among information technology(IT)security administrators and decision-makers.Literature review has identified the stealthy lateral movement(LM)of malware within the initially infected local area network(LAN)as a significant concern.However,current literature has yet to propose a viable approach for resource-efficient,real-time detection of APT malware lateral movement within the initially compromised LAN following perimeter breach.Researchers have suggested the nature of the dataset,optimal feature selection,and the choice of machine learning(ML)techniques as critical factors for detection.Hence,the objective of the research described here was to successfully demonstrate a simplified lightweight ML method for detecting the LM of APT vectors.While the nearest detection rate achieved in the LM domain within LAN was 99.89%,as reported in relevant studies,our approach surpassed it,with a detection rate of 99.95%for the modified random forest(RF)classifier for dataset 1.Additionally,our approach achieved a perfect 100%detection rate for the decision tree(DT)and RF classifiers with dataset 2,a milestone not previously reached in studies within this domain involving two distinct datasets.Using the ML life cycle methodology,we deployed K-nearest neighbor(KNN),support vector machine(SVM),DT,and RF on three relevant datasets to detect the LM of APTs at the affected LAN prior to data exfiltration/destruction.Feature engineering presented four critical APT LM intrusion detection(ID)indicators(features)across the three datasets,namely,the source port number,the destination port number,the packets,and the bytes.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of lightweight ML classifiers in detecting APT lateral movement after network perimeter breach.It contributes to the field by proposing a non-intrusive network detection method capable of identifying APT malware before data exfiltration,thus providing an additional layer of organizational defense.
基金support for this work is provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3012101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52474161)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024ZKPYNY01).
文摘A novel block–particle discrete-element simulation method that matches the double medium of overlying rock(OLR)and loose layer(LSL)in coal mining is developed in this study.This method achieves the collaborative failure characteristics of mining damage under the conduction of double media between the OLR and LSL by combining the self-weight stress loading of the LSL and the breakage morphology of the bedrock top.Based on this,the conduction law of high-strength mining damage in the double medium in a western mining area is simulated and analyzed.The combining effect of the OLR breakage morphology and LSL characteristics on the surface-subsidence characteristics is analyzed and verified based on on-site measurements.The results indicate that the OLR is guided by the“double-control layer and thick-soft rock buffer layer”and shows“grouping subsidence”,whereas the surface forms collaborative subsidence with the thick-soft rock buffer layer.In the ultra-full mining stage,the surface presents an“asymmetric inverted trapezoidal”subsidence trough shape.The simulation results agree well the on-site measurements in terms of the surface-subsidence and bedrock-subsidence coefficients.The proposed simulation method provides a scientific approach for investigating the micro-conduction mechanism of mining damage under the effect of high-strength mining in western mining areas.It will benefit future investigations pertaining to the characteristics of OLR breakage and surface subsidence under conditions such as LSL thickness and proportion.
文摘Limb movement disorder after stroke is one of the main causes of disability,seriously affecting patients’quality of life.Although modern medical treatment can alleviate some symptoms,it has limitations.Traditional Chinese medicine,with an overall perspective and syndrome differentiation and treatment as its core,intervenes in the disease through various therapies,such as acupuncture,Chinese herbal medicine,Tuina massage,and traditional exercise,demonstrating unique advantages.This article reviews the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of limb movement disorders after stroke in traditional Chinese medicine,systematically summarizes the clinical application and research progress of main treatment methods such as acupuncture,Chinese herbal medicine,and Tuina massage,analyzes the problems existing in current research,and looks forward to future development directions,aiming to provide references for clinical treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2394533,32222036,82030038,and 62472206)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0701400)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(2022410129,KJZD20230923115221044,and KCXFZ20201221173400001).
文摘Transcranial temporal interference stimulation(tTIS)is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to precisely target deep brain structures.This study explores the neural and behavioral effects of tTIS on the superior colliculus(SC),a region involved in eye movement control,in mice.Computational modeling revealed that tTIS delivers more focused stimulation to the SC than traditional transcranial alternating current stimulation.In vivo experiments,including Ca^(2+)signal recordings and eye movement tracking,showed that tTIS effectively modulates SC neural activity and induces eye movements.A significant correlation was found between stimulation frequency and saccade frequency,suggesting direct tTIS-induced modulation of SC activity.These results demonstrate the precision of tTIS in targeting deep brain regions and regulating eye movements,highlighting its potential for neuroscientific research and therapeutic applications.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42330406 and 42476163)。
文摘The historical movements of relative sea level(RSL)reflect the geomorphological dynamics around coastal regions in the past,and reconstructing the RSL curve contributes to the prediction of future RSL movements.On the basis of the sediment sequence and optical stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating data of three boreholes in the Yellow River Delta(YRD),the positions of paleo-coastlines and the movements of RSL in the last 2000 years were reconstructed.The main results are as follows:1)the YRD coast transformed from a tide-dominated silty coast to a wave-dominated sandy coast and back to a tide-dominated silty coast in the last 2000 years.2)The sand layers consisting of shell fragments indicated the locations of the coastline in 1855 AD,893 AD,and 40 BC,and their top elevations were close to the mean high water level in the corresponding years.3)The mean sea level elevation in 79 BC,1019 AD,and 1800 AD relative to the modern sea level was -4.52,-4.52,and-2.92 m,respectively.4)The RSL was almost stagnant during 79 BC-1019 AD,rose slowly during 1019-1800 AD due to the reverse change of global climate from the Little Ice Age to the Medieval Warm Period,and rose significantly after 1800 AD due to the warm period.5)The movement of RSL controlled the surface slope of YRD,which was a slope of approximately 0.022‰ at 893 AD,an inverted slope of 0.144‰ at 1855 AD,and a slope of 0.075‰ recently.These findings indicate that the modern YRD is far from being abandoned in the future,providing a historical geomorphological basis for the management of the Yellow River Estuary.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Social Science Funding(22NDJC050YB).
文摘Background:The Canadian 24-h movement guidelines(24-HMG)emphasize the holistic consideration of physical activity(PA),sedentary behavior,and sleep in shaping health outcomes.This study aimed to examine the associations between meeting 24-HMG and emotion regulation-related indicators among children and adolescents.Methods:A total of 534 Chinese children and adolescents aged 12.94±1.10 years(49.81%males)participated in this study and completed self-report measures assessing 24-h movement behaviors,emotion regulation strategies,emotion regulation flexibility,and regulatory emotional self-efficacy.Results:Only 7.12% of theparticipants adhered to two or all three guidelines.The number of guidelines met was positively associated with the use of emotion regulation strategies,emotion regulation flexibility,and regulatory emotional self-efficacy.Compared with meeting none of the guidelines,participants whomet one ormore guidelines reported significantly better performance in these outcomes.Conclusion:Meeting 24-HMG was associated with superior emotion regulation in children and adolescents.The importance of engaging in regular PA,limiting recreational screen time,and getting enough sleep should be highlighted for fostering emotion regulation in this demographic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China No.82230030,No.81871492(Y.L.)and No.82170996(D.H.)Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Project No.Z221100002722003(Y.L.)+3 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation No.L23002,No.L234017(Y.L.)Ten-Thousand Talents Program No.QNBJ2019-2(Y.L.)Key R&D Plan of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region No.2020BCG01001(Y.L.)Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai No.SHSMU-ZLCX20212402(Y.L.).
文摘Pyroptosis,an inflammatory caspase-dependent programmed cell death,plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and activating inflammatory responses.Orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)is an aseptic force-induced inflammatory bone remodeling process mediated by the activation of periodontal ligament(PDL)progenitor cells.However,whether and how force induces PDL progenitor cell pyroptosis,thereby influencing OTM and alveolar bone remodeling remains unknown.In this study,we found that mechanical force induced the expression of pyroptosis-related markers in rat OTM and alveolar bone remodeling process.Blocking or enhancing pyroptosis level could suppress or promote OTM and alveolar bone remodeling respectively.Using Caspase-1^(−/−)mice,we further demonstrated that the functional role of the force-induced pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells depended on Caspase-1.Moreover,mechanical force could also induce pyroptosis in human ex-vivo force-treated PDL progenitor cells and in compressive force-loaded PDL progenitor cells in vitro,which influenced osteoclastogenesis.Mechanistically,transient receptor potential subfamily V member 4 signaling was involved in force-induced Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells.Overall,this study suggested a novel mechanism contributing to the modulation of osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone remodeling under mechanical stimuli,indicating a promising approach to accelerate OTM by targeting Caspase-1.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Key Program Projects(No.82030070,to L.C.)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Fund for Creative Research(No.2020CFA014,to L.C.)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82100960,to S.Y.)Chinese Orthodontic Society Basic Research Fund(COS-B2021-01,to M.X.).
文摘The utilization of optimal orthodontic force is crucial to prevent undesirable side effects and ensure efficient tooth movement during orthodontic treatment.However,the sensitivity of existing detection techniques is not sufficient,and the criteria for evaluating optimal force have not been yet established.Here,by employing 3D finite element analysis methodology,we found that the apical distal region(A-D region)of mesial roots is particularly sensitive to orthodontic force in rats.Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase(TRAP)-positive osteoclasts began accumulating in the A-D region under the force of 40 grams(g),leading to alveolar bone resorption and tooth movement.When the force reached 80 g,TRAP-positive osteoclasts started appearing on the root surface in the A-D region.Additionally,micro-computed tomography revealed a significant root resorption at 80 g.Notably,the A-D region was identified as a major contributor to whole root resorption.It was determined that 40 g is the minimum effective force for tooth movement with minimal side effects according to the analysis of tooth movement,inclination,and hyalinization.These findings suggest that the A-D region with its changes on the root surface is an important consideration and sensitive indicator when evaluating orthodontic forces for a rat model.Collectively,our investigations into this region would aid in offering valuable implications for preventing and minimizing root resorption during patients’orthodontic treatment.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant/award numbers:81871430,81871426,U22A20303,82260359)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(grant/award numbers:H2020206263,H2020206625)STI2030-Major Projects Program(grant/award number:2022ZD0214500).
文摘To the editor:It is commonly reported that people with insomnia often experience comorbid emotional disorders,such as mood and anxiety disorders.12 A study found that fragmented rapid eye movement(REM)sleep in individuals with insomnia is associated with higher Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)scores.3 REM sleep architecture disruption is a typical symptom of insomnia.
基金supported in part by an anonymous donation to develop the Precision Child and Youth Mental Health Initiative
文摘1.Background The importance of physical activity(PA)for health is unequivocal.^(1)Accordingly,population-based recommendations for exercise,and more recently public health guidelines for PA,have been developed and released by authoritative groups for many decades.^(2)Such guidelines emerged with leadership from the exercise physiology discipline and were rooted in,and loyal to,the importance of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA(MVPA)or exercise.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20111,41977229)the Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Research Team Project(No.2020JDTD0006).
文摘In the context of global warming and intensified human activities,glacier instability in plateau regions has increased,and glacier debris flows have become active,which poses a significant threat to the lives and property of people and socioeconomic development.The mass movement process of glacier debris flows is extremely complex,so this paper uses the 2018 Sedongpu glacier debris flow event on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as an example and applies a numerical simulation method to invert the whole process of mass movement.In view of the interaction between phases in the process of motion,we use the fluid-solid coupling method to describe the mass movement.The granular-flow model and drift-flux model are employed in FLOW3D software to study the mass movement process of glacier debris flows and explore their dynamic characteristics.The results indicate that the glacier debris flow lasted for 700 s,and the movement process was roughly divided into four stages,including initiation,scraping,surging and deposition;the depositional characteristics calculated by the fluid-solid coupling model are consistent with the actual survey results and have good reliability;strong erosion occurs during the mass movement,the clear volume amplification effect,and the first wave climbs 17.8 m across the slope.The fluid-solid coupling method can better simulate glacier debris flows in plateau regions,which is helpful for the study of the mechanism and dynamic characteristics of such disasters.
基金the Research on Youth Physical Behavior and Mental Health Problems-Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2022SB0022).
文摘Background:Emerging adulthood is a pivotal life stage,presenting significant psychological and social changes,such as decreased sociability,depression,and other mental health problems.Previous studies have associated these changes with an unhealthy lifestyle.The 24-h movement guidelines for healthy lifestyles have been developed to promote appropriate health behaviors and improve individual wellness.However,the relationship between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and different characteristics of Chinese emerging adults is yet to be explored.This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and four characteristics(self-exploration,instability,possibilities,and responsibility)of Chinese emerging adults.Methods:Overall,1,510 Chinese emerging adults aged 18–29 years were included in this study.Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire that included questions on adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines(physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep)and the inventory of dimensions of emerging adulthood.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the associations between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines and each of the four characteristics.Results:The proportion of participants who adhered to the 24-h movement guidelines was 31.72%.Multiple regression analysis revealed a significantly negative relationship between adhering to more guidelines and instability(β=−0.51,p<0.001).A statistically significant association was observed between instability and meeting only sedentary behavior(β=−1.27,95%confidence interval[CI]:[−2.32,−0.24],p=0.02),sedentary behavior+sleep(β=−1.30,95%CI:[−2.24,−0.35],p<0.01),and physical activity+sedentary behavior(β=−1.08,95%CI:[1.94,−0.21],p=0.02)guidelines.Further,positive and significant associations were observed between possibilities and meeting the guidelines for only physical activity(β=0.70,95%CI:[0.14,1.27),p=0.01),only sleep(β=0.61,95%CI:[0.01,1.21],p=0.04),physical activity+sedentary behavior(β=0.56,95%CI:[0.04,1.07),p=0.01),and physical activity+sleep(β=0.76,95%CI:[0.23,1.27],p=0.01).Conclusions:These findings suggest that adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines was associated with instability in Chinese emerging adults.Future studies are warranted to verify our findings to highlight the importance of maintaining a heath lifestyle to promote health in emerging adulthood.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0503702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42074186,41831071,42004136,and 42274195)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20211036)the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories,and the University of Science and Technology of China Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Grant No.YD2080002013).
文摘The global ionosphere maps(GIM)provided by the International GNSS Service(IGS)are extensively utilized for ionospheric morphology monitoring,scientific research,and practical application.Assessing the credibility of GIM products in data-sparse regions is of paramount importance.In this study,measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)are leveraged to evaluate the suitability of IGS-GIM products over China region in 2013-2014.The indices of mean error(ME),root mean square error(RMSE),and normalized RMSE(NRMSE)are then utilized to quantify the accuracy of IGS-GIM products.Results revealed distinct local time and latitudinal dependencies in IGS-GIM errors,with substantially high errors at nighttime(NRMSE:39%)and above 40°latitude(NRMSE:49%).Seasonal differences also emerged,with larger equinoctial deviations(NRMSE:33.5%)compared with summer(20%).A preliminary analysis implied that the irregular assimilation of sparse IGS observations,compounded by China’s distinct geomagnetic topology,may manifest as error variations.These results suggest that modeling based solely on IGS-GIM observations engenders inadequate representations across China and that a thorough examination would proffer the necessary foundation for advancing regional total electron content(TEC)constructions.
文摘1.Background The Olympic motto,"Faster,Higher,Stronger-Together",represents the pursuit of athletic excellence,united as a global community."Excellence,respect and friendship"are the Olympic values.Both the motto and values are multifaceted and holistic in nature,and all-encompassing in their reach while recognizing no single entity rises above the others.Collectively,these foundational statements anchor the Olympic movement in its quest to build a better world through sport.
基金“Kerman Neuroscience Research Center”for their full support in terms of providing the financial grant and the required instruments.
文摘In previous studies,Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)stimulation was used to stop ratbots from moving.Due to the homology between the PAG and the intercollicular nucleus,which has been used for forward movement in birds,we investigated the possibility of PAG application to induce forward locomotion for the first time.Using a corridor maze,the traveled distances via PAG electrical stimulation were examined in nine Wistar male rats during three sessions.A custom-designed stimulator was developed to apply the stimulation.The results showed reductions in responses to stimulation over time.Accordingly,the traveled distances had negative slopes during the consecutive trials(in 8 out of the 9 rats),and the slope mean was significantly different from zero.There was a strong correlation between the stimulation parameters(electric Charge per Phase(CPP)and the Number of Pulses(NP))and the observed slopes.The negative Movement Slopes(MS)were highly correlated with the CPP and the NP,as the Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were−0.87 and−0.79,respectively.The MS-CPP coefficients of determination(R-squared)were also between 0.76 and 0.95.In addition,the MS-NP coefficients of determination were between 0.63 and 0.87.Thus,it is concluded that the electrical stimulation parameters influence the behavioral outcomes directly.Furthermore,the PAG area may be considered a suitable candidate for forward locomotion control in the future if the area is harnessed effectively to prevent undesirable chaotic behaviors.
基金funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades project PGC2018-093592-B-I00(MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE)by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación project PID2021-122358NB-I00(MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF A way of making Europe).
文摘Habitat selection is a dynamic process that depends on many environmental variables that can vary with weather conditions.This is important because,within a context of global change,extreme weather events,such as severe droughts,are predicted to become more frequent.We examined the patterns of microhabitat selection and underground movements(using PIT-tag telemetry)of a strictly fossorial reptile,the North African checkboard amphisbaenian Trogonophis wiegmanni,during the summer drought period.We aimed to test whether changes in strategies of habitat use and movements could allow this amphisbaenian to cope with unfavorable weather.We found that during the summer drought period,T.wiegmanni did not use the microhabitats in relationship to their availability,but particularly selected sites with high abundance of rocks but also areas under a high cover of bushes,where environmental conditions were more favorable.We also found,using PIT-tag telemetry,that the numbers of T.wiegmanni individuals located under rocks and their activity(number of days with movements)decreased largely in summer.However,the animals were not entirely inactive,but,especially males were active below the ground under bushes and made some relatively long underground hidden movements between favorable areas.
