Zethenia rufescentaria Motsch. has outbroken successively in the larch plantation of Jixi region and seriously damaged stands since 1990. Chemical control was studied for controlling the occurrence of the pest. The r...Zethenia rufescentaria Motsch. has outbroken successively in the larch plantation of Jixi region and seriously damaged stands since 1990. Chemical control was studied for controlling the occurrence of the pest. The results showed as follows: When the third or the forth instar larvae was controlled with smoke agent of 5% Lindane, the most suitable time was July 10-13. The area controlled was 2000 hm2. The dosage was 7.5 kg/hm2 and the mortality of the pest reached 93.5%. 25%dimilin Ⅲ (flowable formulation) was used to prevent the third instar larvae. The best time was about July 5. The dosage was 150g/hm2. The mortality of the pest reached 89.85%. 3% Hexyclan dusting was also used to control adults of the pest. The best time was before the peak of their emergence (June 3). the dosage was 11.3 kg/hm2. The mortality of the pests reached 89.6%.展开更多
In this paper, the original process of vari-toned song in the Mmgming cicada is revealed, and the brand-new recognition for studies of the song mechanism in cicadas is opened up. Each vari-toned syllable 'Weiying&...In this paper, the original process of vari-toned song in the Mmgming cicada is revealed, and the brand-new recognition for studies of the song mechanism in cicadas is opened up. Each vari-toned syllable 'Weiying' is composed of 'Wei' with the basic sound (BS) as the dominant tone and 'ying' with the upper partials (UP2) as the dominant tone, and the upper partials (UP1) is a sound accompaniment of low intensity.The BS, UP1 and UP2 are produced by vibrations of the long ribs LR2,3 and LR1 in sounding membrane driven, separately, by two kinds of the twich in sounding muscle, 'Wei' and 'ying' are separately produced by the prin-subordinate vibrations of LR2,3 -LR1 and LR1-LR2,3. The LR1 and LR2,3 are analogous to a string tensioned two ends and a beam hinged two ends with a load in the middle respectively. Obtained the acoustic properties of sounding vibration are not only suited to the structural characteristics of LR1, 2, 3 but also consist basically with the acoustic properties of song.展开更多
We reported in this paper the results of our test of four insecticides used through cover spray for controlling the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.). The four insecticides were ASTRO (A. I. ...We reported in this paper the results of our test of four insecticides used through cover spray for controlling the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.). The four insecticides were ASTRO (A. I. 36 8% permethrin) by FMC Corp., AllPro DURSBAN 4E (A. I. 44 9% chlorpyrifos) by Sureco Inc., ORTHENE 75 S (A.I. 75% acephate) by VALENT USA Corp., and SEVINXLR PLUS (A. I. 44 1% carbaryl) by Rhone_Poulenc AG Co. (now part of Bayer CropScience). The insecticides were sprayed onto 1 5 years old poplar ( Populus sp . ) trees until insecticide run_off from twigs. Twigs were collected from treated trees once every 3 d until the 21 st day after insecticide application to feed caged adult beetles. Adult mortality was recorded once every day for 3 d. Leaf and twig samples of treated poplar were collected from each treatment 3, 6, 9, 20, 40 d after spray to determine the levels of insecticides in these parts of trees. Although all insecticides showed promise for short term efficacy (>95% 3 d mortality for adults feed on twigs collected 1 after application), permethrin (concentration 920 mg·kg -1 ) was the best among the 4 tested insecticides for longer residual activity with 3 d cumulative mortality>95% for adults feed on twigs collected within 15 days after application. Chlorpyrifos (2 245 mg·kg -1 ) was the least effective with 3 d cumulative mortality around 60% for adults feed on twigs collected within 6 d after application, while the mortality was around 90% and 75% for acephate (7 500 mg·kg -1 ) and carbaryl (17 640 mg·kg -1 ), respectively. However, high concentrations of acephate and carbaryl are not feasible for controlling adult beetles, especially in urban areas. In general, levels of insecticides were higher in leaves than in twigs for the 4 insecticide. Levels in leaf 3～9 d after application was 0 9～4 1 mg·kg -1 for permethrin,2 5～1 6 mg·kg -1 for chlorpyrifos,2 6～2 3 mg·kg -1 for acephate, and 35 2 ～49 6 mg·kg -1 for carbaryl. Residual levels 20～40 d after application were 2 8～1 9 mg·kg -1 ,1 4～1 2 mg·kg -1 , 1 9～1 4 mg·kg -1 and 40 9～39 7 mg·kg -1 for permethrin, chlorprrifos, acephate, and carbaryl. Based on the relationship of the mortality of adult beetles and residual levels of insecticides, mortality may reach 95% when the level of permethrin reaches 4 mg·kg -1 in leaf, 1 4 mg·kg -1 in twig. For acephate, a level of 2 5 mg·kg -1 in leaves or 2 1 mg·kg -1 in twigs will achieve 90% mortality of adult beetles.展开更多
文摘Zethenia rufescentaria Motsch. has outbroken successively in the larch plantation of Jixi region and seriously damaged stands since 1990. Chemical control was studied for controlling the occurrence of the pest. The results showed as follows: When the third or the forth instar larvae was controlled with smoke agent of 5% Lindane, the most suitable time was July 10-13. The area controlled was 2000 hm2. The dosage was 7.5 kg/hm2 and the mortality of the pest reached 93.5%. 25%dimilin Ⅲ (flowable formulation) was used to prevent the third instar larvae. The best time was about July 5. The dosage was 150g/hm2. The mortality of the pest reached 89.85%. 3% Hexyclan dusting was also used to control adults of the pest. The best time was before the peak of their emergence (June 3). the dosage was 11.3 kg/hm2. The mortality of the pests reached 89.6%.
文摘In this paper, the original process of vari-toned song in the Mmgming cicada is revealed, and the brand-new recognition for studies of the song mechanism in cicadas is opened up. Each vari-toned syllable 'Weiying' is composed of 'Wei' with the basic sound (BS) as the dominant tone and 'ying' with the upper partials (UP2) as the dominant tone, and the upper partials (UP1) is a sound accompaniment of low intensity.The BS, UP1 and UP2 are produced by vibrations of the long ribs LR2,3 and LR1 in sounding membrane driven, separately, by two kinds of the twich in sounding muscle, 'Wei' and 'ying' are separately produced by the prin-subordinate vibrations of LR2,3 -LR1 and LR1-LR2,3. The LR1 and LR2,3 are analogous to a string tensioned two ends and a beam hinged two ends with a load in the middle respectively. Obtained the acoustic properties of sounding vibration are not only suited to the structural characteristics of LR1, 2, 3 but also consist basically with the acoustic properties of song.
文摘We reported in this paper the results of our test of four insecticides used through cover spray for controlling the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.). The four insecticides were ASTRO (A. I. 36 8% permethrin) by FMC Corp., AllPro DURSBAN 4E (A. I. 44 9% chlorpyrifos) by Sureco Inc., ORTHENE 75 S (A.I. 75% acephate) by VALENT USA Corp., and SEVINXLR PLUS (A. I. 44 1% carbaryl) by Rhone_Poulenc AG Co. (now part of Bayer CropScience). The insecticides were sprayed onto 1 5 years old poplar ( Populus sp . ) trees until insecticide run_off from twigs. Twigs were collected from treated trees once every 3 d until the 21 st day after insecticide application to feed caged adult beetles. Adult mortality was recorded once every day for 3 d. Leaf and twig samples of treated poplar were collected from each treatment 3, 6, 9, 20, 40 d after spray to determine the levels of insecticides in these parts of trees. Although all insecticides showed promise for short term efficacy (>95% 3 d mortality for adults feed on twigs collected 1 after application), permethrin (concentration 920 mg·kg -1 ) was the best among the 4 tested insecticides for longer residual activity with 3 d cumulative mortality>95% for adults feed on twigs collected within 15 days after application. Chlorpyrifos (2 245 mg·kg -1 ) was the least effective with 3 d cumulative mortality around 60% for adults feed on twigs collected within 6 d after application, while the mortality was around 90% and 75% for acephate (7 500 mg·kg -1 ) and carbaryl (17 640 mg·kg -1 ), respectively. However, high concentrations of acephate and carbaryl are not feasible for controlling adult beetles, especially in urban areas. In general, levels of insecticides were higher in leaves than in twigs for the 4 insecticide. Levels in leaf 3～9 d after application was 0 9～4 1 mg·kg -1 for permethrin,2 5～1 6 mg·kg -1 for chlorpyrifos,2 6～2 3 mg·kg -1 for acephate, and 35 2 ～49 6 mg·kg -1 for carbaryl. Residual levels 20～40 d after application were 2 8～1 9 mg·kg -1 ,1 4～1 2 mg·kg -1 , 1 9～1 4 mg·kg -1 and 40 9～39 7 mg·kg -1 for permethrin, chlorprrifos, acephate, and carbaryl. Based on the relationship of the mortality of adult beetles and residual levels of insecticides, mortality may reach 95% when the level of permethrin reaches 4 mg·kg -1 in leaf, 1 4 mg·kg -1 in twig. For acephate, a level of 2 5 mg·kg -1 in leaves or 2 1 mg·kg -1 in twigs will achieve 90% mortality of adult beetles.
