In the busy streets of Lusaka,Zambia’s capital,Joel Kangwa fired up his red Haojue.It is not just a motorbike.It is the reason he wakes up each morning with purpose.He kicked the starter and the engine responded with...In the busy streets of Lusaka,Zambia’s capital,Joel Kangwa fired up his red Haojue.It is not just a motorbike.It is the reason he wakes up each morning with purpose.He kicked the starter and the engine responded with a low growl.“Working as a courier on my motorbike is a dream come true.I now earn more than double what I used to make as a salesman in the industrial area,”he said.展开更多
Test results of reducing two stroke motorcycle emissions with new type carburettors and electronic fuel injection systems are presented. Analyses and comparison between different systems are discussed. The adoption o...Test results of reducing two stroke motorcycle emissions with new type carburettors and electronic fuel injection systems are presented. Analyses and comparison between different systems are discussed. The adoption of electronically controlled injection and corresponding electronic control technique is an effective measure of prolonged vitality to improve emissions from two stroke motorcycles. Suggestions about the strategic steps of China′s motorcycle emission control are proposed.展开更多
WMTC,which means a worldwide motorcycle testing cycle,is now regarded as the most possible choice for the global motorcycle emission testing cycle,but whether or not it can be used in China is still unknown.In this st...WMTC,which means a worldwide motorcycle testing cycle,is now regarded as the most possible choice for the global motorcycle emission testing cycle,but whether or not it can be used in China is still unknown.In this study,a large number of data on the speed-time trace of motorcycles were sampled from various kinds of roads in 5 cities in China.Based on a series of criterion numbers defined,the driving character of motorcycles in the real-road conditions of China was obtained.With the aid of a specially designed program,an emission testing cycle that can indicate the driving characteristics of motorcycle in the real-road conditions was synthesized,and the exhaust emission tests of 20 motorcycles under the synchronized cycle and WMTC were carried out based on a CVS system and a motorcycle chassis dynamometer.The results show that although there do exist differences in some criterion numbers between the real-road condition and WMTC,such as proportion of idling mode,mean speed,mean running speed and the average acceleration and deceleration rates,the driving behaviors are similar.The results of exhaust emission tests indicate that the emission values of motorcycles under the synchronized cycle and WMTC have a relatively strong correlation.This means that WMTC can be introduced as a standard motorcycle emission test regulation into China.展开更多
A backbone enterprise under the ChinaAviation Industry Corporation,theSouth Aeronautic Power MachineryCompany is well known for its South brandmotorcycles.The SAPMC is the coreenterprise of the China South Aviation Po...A backbone enterprise under the ChinaAviation Industry Corporation,theSouth Aeronautic Power MachineryCompany is well known for its South brandmotorcycles.The SAPMC is the coreenterprise of the China South Aviation PowerMachinery Group,which is among China’sfirst 56 large-scale enterprise groups approvedby the State Council.In 1994,the展开更多
Roadside remote sensing measurement was used to explore the real-world emission status of light duty gasoline vehicles （LDGVs） and motorcycles in Macao. Both fuel-based and distance-based emission factors were deriv...Roadside remote sensing measurement was used to explore the real-world emission status of light duty gasoline vehicles （LDGVs） and motorcycles in Macao. Both fuel-based and distance-based emission factors were derived using the mass balance method. The emission concentration profile of LDGVs illustrated the benefits of tightening emission standards at the source country or region of import. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered before 2000 were 8.00, 1.04 and 1.36 g/km, respectively. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered in or after 2000 were 1.16, 0.15 and 0.18 g/km, respectively. The fuel-based CO emission factors of light duty motorcycles （LDMCs） and heavy duty motorcycles （HDMCs） registered before 2000 were about 10 times higher than those of LDGVs of the same age group. As the emissions of LDGVs decreased more quickly after 2000, the gap widens for newer vehicles. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered before 2000 were 4.81 and 2.91 g/km, respectively. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered in or after 2000 were 3.52 and 0.93 g/km, respectively. The poor emission performance of motorcycles and their larger share in the traffic flow will cause them to be the major contributor to traffic CO and HC emissions. LDMCs, especially two-stroke models, should be the priority for vehicle emission control efforts in Macao.展开更多
Monitoring of benzene, toluene and xylenes （BTEX） was conducted along with traffic counts at 17 roadside sites in urban areas of HoChiMinh. Toluene was the most abundant substance, followed by p,m-xylenes, benzene, ...Monitoring of benzene, toluene and xylenes （BTEX） was conducted along with traffic counts at 17 roadside sites in urban areas of HoChiMinh. Toluene was the most abundant substance, followed by p,m-xylenes, benzene, o-xylene and ethylbenzene. The maximum observed hour-average benzene concentration was 254 μg/m3 . Motorcycles contributed to 91% of the traffic fleet. High correlations among BTEX species, between BTEX concentrations and the volume of on-road motorcycles, and between inter-species ratios in air and in gasoline indicate the motorcycle-exhaust origin of BTEX species. Daily concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p,m-xylenes and o-xylene were 56, 121, 21, 64 and 23 μg/m 3 , respectively. p,m-xylenes possess the highest ozone formation potential among the BTEX family.展开更多
Traffic simulation can help to evaluate the impact of different mobility behaviors on the traffic flow from safety, efficiency, and environmental views. The objective of this paper is to extend the SUMO (Simulation of...Traffic simulation can help to evaluate the impact of different mobility behaviors on the traffic flow from safety, efficiency, and environmental views. The objective of this paper is to extend the SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) road traffic simulator to model and evaluate the impact of motorcycles mobility on vehicular traffic. First, we go through diverse mobility aspects and models for motorcycles in SUMO. Later, we opt for the most suitable mobility models of motorcycles. Finally, the impact of motorcycle mobility on different kinds of vehicles is investigated in terms of environment, fuel consumption, velocity and travel time. The result of modeling and evaluation shows that based on the mobility model of the motorcycle, vehicular traffic flow can be enhanced or deteriorated.展开更多
Florida has the highest number of motorcycle fatalities in the United States and contains the second largest population of registered motorcycles. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the roads, traffic, and driving behav...Florida has the highest number of motorcycle fatalities in the United States and contains the second largest population of registered motorcycles. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the roads, traffic, and driving behavior in the continental United States. Motorcycle crashes decreased during the COVID-19 years (2020 and 2021) while the fatality rates increased. The purpose of this study is to 1) investigate motorcycle crashes before and during the Pandemic period to understand the impacts on motorcycle safety and contributing factors to the crash severity levels;2) develop the crash predictive model for different degrees of severity in motorcycle crashes in Florida. Florida statewide crash data were collected. T tests have been conducted to compare the contributing factors between two periods. The injury severities are significantly different among all five levels between those during normal period and the Pandemic period. A crash predictive model has been developed to determine the facts to injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes. A total of eight variables are found to significantly increase the injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes during the Pandemic period.展开更多
Gasoline-powered motorcycles contribute disproportionately to traffic noise and emissions,so motorcycle electrification merits investigation.Recent advances in battery efficiency allow electric motorcycles(EMCs)to joi...Gasoline-powered motorcycles contribute disproportionately to traffic noise and emissions,so motorcycle electrification merits investigation.Recent advances in battery efficiency allow electric motorcycles(EMCs)to join electric cars and bicycles as a viable consumer option.This study quantifies noise and emissions using both simulations and experimental data,examines the factors that make motorcycles big offender and uses popular EMC makes and models to estimate the costs and benefits of electrification in the USA.Motorcycles produce more CO,CH4,NOx,HC and particulate matter per vehicle-mile travelled than passenger vehicles.Due to limited regulation of motorcycles and weak enforcement,the perceived noise level of motorcycles exceeds that of most other vehicles,being roughly double those of automobiles at speeds of over 30 mph and surpassing even those of medium trucks and buses at speeds of over 50 mph,at which point motorcycles exceeds the 80 dBA US standard limit.Electrification can resolve such issues,although range limitations and high prices are presently a barrier to widespread adoption.In order to realize these environmental benefits,it is important that electrification occurs with a corresponding shift away from coal as an energy source.Stricter emission regulations and stronger enforcement of existing prohibitions on certain forms of customization could also reduce the outlier status of gasoline-powered motorcycles.展开更多
On April 10,2025,the China International Exhibition Center(Shunyi Pavi l ion)became a symphony of roaring engines and dazzling digital light scapes as the 2025 Beijing International Motorcycle Expo kicked off.Under th...On April 10,2025,the China International Exhibition Center(Shunyi Pavi l ion)became a symphony of roaring engines and dazzling digital light scapes as the 2025 Beijing International Motorcycle Expo kicked off.Under the theme of“Promot ing Safe and Civilized Riding Awareness,Advancing the Orderly Development of Motorcycle Culture”,the event attracted over 150 global enterprises and nearly 200 brands.展开更多
Aim To study the transient response of motorcycle with one tire colliding on ground. Methods Taking the colliding velocity as an independent variable, the changing law of the biggest collision inertia load of motorcy...Aim To study the transient response of motorcycle with one tire colliding on ground. Methods Taking the colliding velocity as an independent variable, the changing law of the biggest collision inertia load of motorcycle′s sprung mass, unsprung mass and driver was studied, while its front and rear tire colliding on ground respectively.Results and Conclusion According to the working conditions of motorcycle shock absorbers and the characteristic of response curve, the transient response of the acceleration, the velocity and the displacement were discussed section by section. And the result of simulating the actual JH125 motorcycle was given.展开更多
文摘In the busy streets of Lusaka,Zambia’s capital,Joel Kangwa fired up his red Haojue.It is not just a motorbike.It is the reason he wakes up each morning with purpose.He kicked the starter and the engine responded with a low growl.“Working as a courier on my motorbike is a dream come true.I now earn more than double what I used to make as a salesman in the industrial area,”he said.
文摘Test results of reducing two stroke motorcycle emissions with new type carburettors and electronic fuel injection systems are presented. Analyses and comparison between different systems are discussed. The adoption of electronically controlled injection and corresponding electronic control technique is an effective measure of prolonged vitality to improve emissions from two stroke motorcycles. Suggestions about the strategic steps of China′s motorcycle emission control are proposed.
基金Supported by Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.05YFJMJC11100and No.07JCYBJC03900)Ministry of Education of China(No.20020056046).
文摘WMTC,which means a worldwide motorcycle testing cycle,is now regarded as the most possible choice for the global motorcycle emission testing cycle,but whether or not it can be used in China is still unknown.In this study,a large number of data on the speed-time trace of motorcycles were sampled from various kinds of roads in 5 cities in China.Based on a series of criterion numbers defined,the driving character of motorcycles in the real-road conditions of China was obtained.With the aid of a specially designed program,an emission testing cycle that can indicate the driving characteristics of motorcycle in the real-road conditions was synthesized,and the exhaust emission tests of 20 motorcycles under the synchronized cycle and WMTC were carried out based on a CVS system and a motorcycle chassis dynamometer.The results show that although there do exist differences in some criterion numbers between the real-road condition and WMTC,such as proportion of idling mode,mean speed,mean running speed and the average acceleration and deceleration rates,the driving behaviors are similar.The results of exhaust emission tests indicate that the emission values of motorcycles under the synchronized cycle and WMTC have a relatively strong correlation.This means that WMTC can be introduced as a standard motorcycle emission test regulation into China.
文摘A backbone enterprise under the ChinaAviation Industry Corporation,theSouth Aeronautic Power MachineryCompany is well known for its South brandmotorcycles.The SAPMC is the coreenterprise of the China South Aviation PowerMachinery Group,which is among China’sfirst 56 large-scale enterprise groups approvedby the State Council.In 1994,the
基金supported by the Macao Environmental Protection Bureau
文摘Roadside remote sensing measurement was used to explore the real-world emission status of light duty gasoline vehicles （LDGVs） and motorcycles in Macao. Both fuel-based and distance-based emission factors were derived using the mass balance method. The emission concentration profile of LDGVs illustrated the benefits of tightening emission standards at the source country or region of import. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered before 2000 were 8.00, 1.04 and 1.36 g/km, respectively. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered in or after 2000 were 1.16, 0.15 and 0.18 g/km, respectively. The fuel-based CO emission factors of light duty motorcycles （LDMCs） and heavy duty motorcycles （HDMCs） registered before 2000 were about 10 times higher than those of LDGVs of the same age group. As the emissions of LDGVs decreased more quickly after 2000, the gap widens for newer vehicles. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered before 2000 were 4.81 and 2.91 g/km, respectively. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered in or after 2000 were 3.52 and 0.93 g/km, respectively. The poor emission performance of motorcycles and their larger share in the traffic flow will cause them to be the major contributor to traffic CO and HC emissions. LDMCs, especially two-stroke models, should be the priority for vehicle emission control efforts in Macao.
基金supported by Vietnam National University, HoChiMinh City and Vietnam National Foundation for Development of Science and Technology
文摘Monitoring of benzene, toluene and xylenes （BTEX） was conducted along with traffic counts at 17 roadside sites in urban areas of HoChiMinh. Toluene was the most abundant substance, followed by p,m-xylenes, benzene, o-xylene and ethylbenzene. The maximum observed hour-average benzene concentration was 254 μg/m3 . Motorcycles contributed to 91% of the traffic fleet. High correlations among BTEX species, between BTEX concentrations and the volume of on-road motorcycles, and between inter-species ratios in air and in gasoline indicate the motorcycle-exhaust origin of BTEX species. Daily concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p,m-xylenes and o-xylene were 56, 121, 21, 64 and 23 μg/m 3 , respectively. p,m-xylenes possess the highest ozone formation potential among the BTEX family.
文摘Traffic simulation can help to evaluate the impact of different mobility behaviors on the traffic flow from safety, efficiency, and environmental views. The objective of this paper is to extend the SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) road traffic simulator to model and evaluate the impact of motorcycles mobility on vehicular traffic. First, we go through diverse mobility aspects and models for motorcycles in SUMO. Later, we opt for the most suitable mobility models of motorcycles. Finally, the impact of motorcycle mobility on different kinds of vehicles is investigated in terms of environment, fuel consumption, velocity and travel time. The result of modeling and evaluation shows that based on the mobility model of the motorcycle, vehicular traffic flow can be enhanced or deteriorated.
文摘Florida has the highest number of motorcycle fatalities in the United States and contains the second largest population of registered motorcycles. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the roads, traffic, and driving behavior in the continental United States. Motorcycle crashes decreased during the COVID-19 years (2020 and 2021) while the fatality rates increased. The purpose of this study is to 1) investigate motorcycle crashes before and during the Pandemic period to understand the impacts on motorcycle safety and contributing factors to the crash severity levels;2) develop the crash predictive model for different degrees of severity in motorcycle crashes in Florida. Florida statewide crash data were collected. T tests have been conducted to compare the contributing factors between two periods. The injury severities are significantly different among all five levels between those during normal period and the Pandemic period. A crash predictive model has been developed to determine the facts to injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes. A total of eight variables are found to significantly increase the injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes during the Pandemic period.
文摘Gasoline-powered motorcycles contribute disproportionately to traffic noise and emissions,so motorcycle electrification merits investigation.Recent advances in battery efficiency allow electric motorcycles(EMCs)to join electric cars and bicycles as a viable consumer option.This study quantifies noise and emissions using both simulations and experimental data,examines the factors that make motorcycles big offender and uses popular EMC makes and models to estimate the costs and benefits of electrification in the USA.Motorcycles produce more CO,CH4,NOx,HC and particulate matter per vehicle-mile travelled than passenger vehicles.Due to limited regulation of motorcycles and weak enforcement,the perceived noise level of motorcycles exceeds that of most other vehicles,being roughly double those of automobiles at speeds of over 30 mph and surpassing even those of medium trucks and buses at speeds of over 50 mph,at which point motorcycles exceeds the 80 dBA US standard limit.Electrification can resolve such issues,although range limitations and high prices are presently a barrier to widespread adoption.In order to realize these environmental benefits,it is important that electrification occurs with a corresponding shift away from coal as an energy source.Stricter emission regulations and stronger enforcement of existing prohibitions on certain forms of customization could also reduce the outlier status of gasoline-powered motorcycles.
文摘On April 10,2025,the China International Exhibition Center(Shunyi Pavi l ion)became a symphony of roaring engines and dazzling digital light scapes as the 2025 Beijing International Motorcycle Expo kicked off.Under the theme of“Promot ing Safe and Civilized Riding Awareness,Advancing the Orderly Development of Motorcycle Culture”,the event attracted over 150 global enterprises and nearly 200 brands.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51208065)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province(No.2015JC3056)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(No.2015B010110005)the Project of Hunan Province key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle(No.KF1506)
文摘Aim To study the transient response of motorcycle with one tire colliding on ground. Methods Taking the colliding velocity as an independent variable, the changing law of the biggest collision inertia load of motorcycle′s sprung mass, unsprung mass and driver was studied, while its front and rear tire colliding on ground respectively.Results and Conclusion According to the working conditions of motorcycle shock absorbers and the characteristic of response curve, the transient response of the acceleration, the velocity and the displacement were discussed section by section. And the result of simulating the actual JH125 motorcycle was given.
