Objective:To investigate the effect of Rosa moschata(R.moschata)extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson’s disease(PD)in rats.Methods:Haloperidol(1 mg/kg)was given to rats intraperitoneally for 3 weeks for induction ...Objective:To investigate the effect of Rosa moschata(R.moschata)extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson’s disease(PD)in rats.Methods:Haloperidol(1 mg/kg)was given to rats intraperitoneally for 3 weeks for induction of PD.R.moschata extract(150,300 and 600 mg/kg)was administered orally for 21 days.The neuroprotective role of R.moschata leaf extract in PD was explored by performing neurobehavioral tests and RT-PCR analysis and measuring neurotransmitters and oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:An improvement in motor functions and muscle strength was observed in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.The levels of dopamine,serotonin,noradrenaline,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione,and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased(P<0.001),whereas acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde levels were markedly decreased by treatment with R.moschata extract(P<0.001).The extract also markedly downregulated the mRNA expressions of IL-1β,α-synuclein,IL-1α,and TNF-αin brain tissue.Moreover,histopathological analysis indicated that neurofibrillary tangles and plaques were noticeably decreased in a dose-dependent manner in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.Conclusions:R.moschata extract alleviates haloperidol-induced PD in rats by reducing oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.It may be used for management and treatment of PD.However additional studies are required to confirm its efficacy and molecular mechanisms.展开更多
In order to scientifically evaluate the values of Cucurbita moschata cultivars, main botanical characters including the initial flowering date, the first fruiting node, fruit length, fruit stem length, stem diameter, ...In order to scientifically evaluate the values of Cucurbita moschata cultivars, main botanical characters including the initial flowering date, the first fruiting node, fruit length, fruit stem length, stem diameter, internode length, the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the largest leaf, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content of 41 cultivars were measured for conducting diversity, correlation and cluster analysis. The results revealed that the pumpkin cultivars showed large variations in fruit stem length, single fruit weight, fruit length and flesh thickness, but small variations in initial flowering date. Significant, even highly significant correlations were found among the tested traits. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the 41 old Cucurbita moschata cultivars were divided into three groups, of which multiple traits of Group 1 were better than those in the other two groups. High similarities existed in three groups and the cultivars in each group. This research provided basis for selecting excellent traits and parents for the breeding of hybrids.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to clone the CmNAC gene from Cucurbita moschata and analyze the sequence characteristics. [Method] A pair of degenerate primers was designed based on the conserved sequences of NAC gene from Br...[Objective] The aim was to clone the CmNAC gene from Cucurbita moschata and analyze the sequence characteristics. [Method] A pair of degenerate primers was designed based on the conserved sequences of NAC gene from Brassica napus, Lycopersicon esculentum and Capsicum annuum. NAC transcription factor gene was amplified by RT-PCR from Cucurbita moschata leaves and cloned into pMD-19T vector; then the recombinant clones were sequenced. Finally, the sequences of nucleic acid and amino acid were analyzed using BLAST and DNAMAN software. [Result] The NAC transcription factor gene cloned from C. moschata included 442 bp encoding 147 amino acids, named CmNAC. The NAC gene fragment contained a conserved region like other plant NAC genes and belonged to the NAC family ATAF1/2 subfamily. [Conclusion] The stress resistance related gene NAC cloned from C. moschata is a foundation for further study on the biological function of the gene and plant genetic engineering.展开更多
Cucurmosin 2, a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein （RIP） isolated from sarcocarp of Cucurbita moschata, has been crystallized by the vapor-diffusion method using PEG6000 as the precipitant. The crystals belong to ...Cucurmosin 2, a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein （RIP） isolated from sarcocarp of Cucurbita moschata, has been crystallized by the vapor-diffusion method using PEG6000 as the precipitant. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit cell parameters a = 55.853, b = 65.507, c = 91.754 А, and have one molecule per asymmetric unit. X-ray data have been collected to 1.8А, using a synchrotron source.展开更多
Aiming at solving the existing issues in purity identification of Cucurbita moschata hybrids by SSR, such as complex operation and difficult application in production practice, in this study, a simple SSR-based method...Aiming at solving the existing issues in purity identification of Cucurbita moschata hybrids by SSR, such as complex operation and difficult application in production practice, in this study, a simple SSR-based method was established for purity identification of Cucurbita moschata hybrids. By using the established simple method, without grinding, freezing, centrifugation and drying, the genomic DNA extraction process is shorter than 3 min. Compared with the conventional method, PCR detection system and silver staining in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the established method are more time-saving and cost-saving. The whole detection process is shorter than 4 h, and 480 samples can be detected with this method by one person in one day. In addition, the detection result exhibits a coincidence rate of 99% with field identification. The simple SSR-based method established in this study can provide basis for large-scale rapid purity identification of Cucurbita moschata hybrids.展开更多
Grafting is widely used in cucumbers to enhance their tolerance to environmental stress.Compatibility is a key factor for successful grafting,however,the physiological mechanisms that affect grafting compatibility are...Grafting is widely used in cucumbers to enhance their tolerance to environmental stress.Compatibility is a key factor for successful grafting,however,the physiological mechanisms that affect grafting compatibility are not clear.This study aimed to investigate the physiological mechanism underlying cucumber/pumpkin grafting compatibility.Two pumpkin cultivars with significant differences in compatibility,Figleaf gourd(compatible rootstock,Cf)and Dongyangshenli(incompatible rootstock,Cmo),were used as rootstocks.Three cucumber cultivars with different growth rates were used as scions,including cucumber‘Shenluchunsi’(strong growth,V1),‘Cuilü’(weak growth,V2),and‘Liangyoulüjian 102’(medium growth,V3).Six grafting combinations(V1/Cf,V2/Cf,V3/Cf,V1/Cmo,V2/Cmo,and V3/Cmo)were used to analyze the effect of scion and rootstock varieties,as well as the chemical composition of the exudate from the stem cutting surface,on the compatibility of grafted plants.Here,we found that rootstock was closely correlated with the compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.The sucrose content in the exudate of the stem,enzyme activity,and the expression of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis in Cmo were significantly higher than those in Cf.Correlation analysis showed that the sucrose content difference between the exudate of rootstock and scion stems was negatively correlated with graft compatibility.Exogenous treatment with a 0.5%sucrose solution on the scions significantly reduced the difference in sucrose content between rootstock and scion and enhanced graft survival rate in the incompatible combination.The stem segment grafting experiment in vitro found that the high difference in sucrose concentration between the rootstock and scion decreased the grafting compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin by reducing the adhesion of the cutting surface.Taken together,the higher sucrose concentration difference between rootstock and scion decreased the adhesion of the cutting surface,resulting in the incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of 2 Achillea moschata essential oils extracted from plants collected in 2 different valleys of the Italian Alps and 3 pure compounds of oils—bornyl acetate(BOR),camphor(CAM),and e...This study investigated the effects of 2 Achillea moschata essential oils extracted from plants collected in 2 different valleys of the Italian Alps and 3 pure compounds of oils—bornyl acetate(BOR),camphor(CAM),and eucalyptol(EUCA)—on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota.An in vitro batch fermentation experiment(Exp.1)tested the addition of all of the substances(2 essential oils and 3 compounds)in fermentation bottles(120 mL)at 48 h of incubation,whereas a subsequent in vitro continuous culture experiment(Exp.2)evaluated the pure compounds added to the fermenters(2 L)for a longer incubation period(9 d).In both experiments,total mixed rations were incubated with the additives,and samples without additives were included as the control(CTR).Each treatment was tested in duplicate and was repeated in 3 and 2 fermentation runs in Exp.1 and 2,respectively.Gas production(GP)in Exp.1 was similar for all of the treatments,and short chain volatile fatty acid(SCFA)production was similar in both experiments except for a decrease of SCFA produced(P=0.029)due to EUCA addition in Exp.2.Compared to CTR,BOR and CAM reduced the valerate proportion(P=0.04)in Exp.1,and increased(P<0.01)the acetate proportion in Exp.2.All treatments increased(P<0.01)total protozoa counts(+36.7%and+48.4%compared to CTR on average for Exp.1 and 2,respectively).In Exp.1,all of the treatments lowered the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and increased the Proteobacteria relative abundances(P<0.05),whereas in Exp.2,the EUCA addition increased(P=0.012)the Ruminococcus.In Exp.1,methane(CH4)as a proportion of the GP was lowered(P=0.004)by the addition of CAM and EUCA compared to CTR,whereas in Exp.2,EUCA reduced the amount of stoichiometrically calculated CH4 compared to CTR.Overall,essential oils extracted from A.moschata and the pure compounds did not depress in vitro rumen fermentation,except for EUCA in Exp.2.In both experiments,an increase of the protozoal population occurred for all the additives.展开更多
The casepase is considered to regulate the process of programmed cell death in the development of organisms. In this study, caspase 3-like protease was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy du...The casepase is considered to regulate the process of programmed cell death in the development of organisms. In this study, caspase 3-like protease was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy during the development of sieve element and tracheary element of stem in Cucurbita moschata Duch. Antibody with brown color （under light microscopy） and gold particles （under transmission electron microscopy） for detecting caspase 3-like protease was mainly displayed in inner phloem, external phloem and xylem in the region close to procambium. From the results it was considered that caspase 3-like protease did exist in vascular elements and played different roles during the development of sieve and tracheary elements, and different types of programmed cell death might be carried out. The caspase 3-like protease mainly participated in making cytoplasmic streaming cease and in degrading P-protein bodies; however, it rarely participated in the function for signal transferring in the developmental sieve element. However, it might induce calcium accumulation for rupturing the tonoplast in the signal of PCD in the developmental tracheary element.展开更多
Objective:To explore the in vitro antibacterial potential of the peel of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne(tropical pumpkin)(C.moschata)against human pathogenic bacteria.Methods:In the present study,dichloromethane(DCM),met...Objective:To explore the in vitro antibacterial potential of the peel of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne(tropical pumpkin)(C.moschata)against human pathogenic bacteria.Methods:In the present study,dichloromethane(DCM),methanol(MEOH)and aqueous extracts of C.moschata peel were examined for in vitro antibacterial potency against eight bacterial strains i.e.Bacillus cereus,Burkholderia cepacia,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,Staphyloccocus aureus,Pseudomonas aerugenosa,Vibrio alginolyticus,Vibrio parahaemolyticus using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility and broth micro-dilution methods.Results:DCM extract of pumpkin peel exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition against Staphyloccocus aureus(21 mm)whereas aqueous extract of pumpkin peel revealed the least zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli(8 mm).MEOH extract gave maximum zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aerugenosa(19 mm).Broth micro-dilution method showed minimum inhibitory concentration for the DCM extract against Burkholderia cepacia at 6.25 mg/mL.The minimum bactericidal concentrations were also determined to know the nature of all extracts.DCM and MEOH extracts exhibited bactericidal nature to all bacterial strains except for the Vibrio alginolyticus.The minimum bactericidal concentrations values exhibited bactericidal nature ranging from 3.12 mg/mL to 100.00 mg/mL.The screening of antimicrobial properties of different extracts of C.moschata peel revealed that the DCM extract possessed good antimicrobial efficacy compared to MEOH and aqueous extracts.Conclusions:Peel of C.moschata possesses antibacterial compounds and could be potential source for a new class of antibiotics.展开更多
Background The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive behaviors.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly(BSF)and yell...Background The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive behaviors.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly(BSF)and yellow mealworm(YM)live larva provision on Muscovy duck performance,excreta corticosterone metabolites(ECM),behavior,and blood parameters.Methods A total of 1263-day-old female Muscovy ducklings were allotted to 18 pens(6 replicates/treatment,7 birds/pen)and assigned to 3 experimental treatments:a control group fed commercial feed,and two experimental treatments fed commercial feed plus the 5%(based on the expected daily feed intake,as fed basis)of BSF and YM live larvae(BSF and YM groups,respectively).A two-phase feeding program was applied:starter(from 3 to 31 days of age)and grower-finisher(from 32 to 55 days of age).The live weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed conversion ratio were calculated.Larva consumption times were collected,and video recordings were performed during 3 periods(P)each day:the hour before(P1),during(P2),and after(P3)the larva administration.ECM were evaluated at 3,31,and 55-day-old.Finally,the total red and white blood cell counts,serum proteins,lipids,and liver and renal function serum enzymes were evaluated on 12 birds/treatment.Results The experimental treatment did not affect the growth performance of the birds(P>0.05).Larva consumption times were always similar between the two insect species,except at 14–18 days of age,were BSF larvae were consumed faster than YM larvae(P<0.001).The birds showed less walking activity during P2,and preening behavior increased in YM birds during P3.The C birds increased the attack behavior over the weeks(P<0.05).During weeks 1–3 the YM group reduced the attack frequency(P1>P3;P<0.05).Finally,the provision of live BSF and YM larvae significantly reduced the ECM at 55 days of age and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio(P<0.05).Conclusions Live BSF and YM larva supplementation in Muscovy duck improves duck welfare,without impairing birds'growth performance.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R73)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,and researchers supporting project number(RSPD2025R885)at King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of Rosa moschata(R.moschata)extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson’s disease(PD)in rats.Methods:Haloperidol(1 mg/kg)was given to rats intraperitoneally for 3 weeks for induction of PD.R.moschata extract(150,300 and 600 mg/kg)was administered orally for 21 days.The neuroprotective role of R.moschata leaf extract in PD was explored by performing neurobehavioral tests and RT-PCR analysis and measuring neurotransmitters and oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:An improvement in motor functions and muscle strength was observed in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.The levels of dopamine,serotonin,noradrenaline,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione,and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased(P<0.001),whereas acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde levels were markedly decreased by treatment with R.moschata extract(P<0.001).The extract also markedly downregulated the mRNA expressions of IL-1β,α-synuclein,IL-1α,and TNF-αin brain tissue.Moreover,histopathological analysis indicated that neurofibrillary tangles and plaques were noticeably decreased in a dose-dependent manner in PD rats treated with R.moschata extract.Conclusions:R.moschata extract alleviates haloperidol-induced PD in rats by reducing oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.It may be used for management and treatment of PD.However additional studies are required to confirm its efficacy and molecular mechanisms.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest from the Ministry of Agriculture of China(201303112)the 12th National Five-year Plan for Science and Technology Program of Rural Areas(2012BAD02B03-17)~~
文摘In order to scientifically evaluate the values of Cucurbita moschata cultivars, main botanical characters including the initial flowering date, the first fruiting node, fruit length, fruit stem length, stem diameter, internode length, the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the largest leaf, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content of 41 cultivars were measured for conducting diversity, correlation and cluster analysis. The results revealed that the pumpkin cultivars showed large variations in fruit stem length, single fruit weight, fruit length and flesh thickness, but small variations in initial flowering date. Significant, even highly significant correlations were found among the tested traits. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the 41 old Cucurbita moschata cultivars were divided into three groups, of which multiple traits of Group 1 were better than those in the other two groups. High similarities existed in three groups and the cultivars in each group. This research provided basis for selecting excellent traits and parents for the breeding of hybrids.
基金Supported by Stress Resistant Plants Research Program from Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(5075101019)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to clone the CmNAC gene from Cucurbita moschata and analyze the sequence characteristics. [Method] A pair of degenerate primers was designed based on the conserved sequences of NAC gene from Brassica napus, Lycopersicon esculentum and Capsicum annuum. NAC transcription factor gene was amplified by RT-PCR from Cucurbita moschata leaves and cloned into pMD-19T vector; then the recombinant clones were sequenced. Finally, the sequences of nucleic acid and amino acid were analyzed using BLAST and DNAMAN software. [Result] The NAC transcription factor gene cloned from C. moschata included 442 bp encoding 147 amino acids, named CmNAC. The NAC gene fragment contained a conserved region like other plant NAC genes and belonged to the NAC family ATAF1/2 subfamily. [Conclusion] The stress resistance related gene NAC cloned from C. moschata is a foundation for further study on the biological function of the gene and plant genetic engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39970872, 30772587)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (C97052,C0510012)+1 种基金Special Fund of Fujian Development and Reform Commission (2006-34)supported by the National Science Foundation of USA
文摘Cucurmosin 2, a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein （RIP） isolated from sarcocarp of Cucurbita moschata, has been crystallized by the vapor-diffusion method using PEG6000 as the precipitant. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit cell parameters a = 55.853, b = 65.507, c = 91.754 А, and have one molecule per asymmetric unit. X-ray data have been collected to 1.8А, using a synchrotron source.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest"Technology Research and Demonstration of Pumpkin Industry"(201303112)"Twelfth Five-Year"National Science and Technology Programin Rural Areas"Heterosis Utilization and New Variety Breeding of Pumpkin"(2012BAD02B03-17)
文摘Aiming at solving the existing issues in purity identification of Cucurbita moschata hybrids by SSR, such as complex operation and difficult application in production practice, in this study, a simple SSR-based method was established for purity identification of Cucurbita moschata hybrids. By using the established simple method, without grinding, freezing, centrifugation and drying, the genomic DNA extraction process is shorter than 3 min. Compared with the conventional method, PCR detection system and silver staining in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the established method are more time-saving and cost-saving. The whole detection process is shorter than 4 h, and 480 samples can be detected with this method by one person in one day. In addition, the detection result exhibits a coincidence rate of 99% with field identification. The simple SSR-based method established in this study can provide basis for large-scale rapid purity identification of Cucurbita moschata hybrids.
基金supported by grants from the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.22CX8NA030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32272793)the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23).
文摘Grafting is widely used in cucumbers to enhance their tolerance to environmental stress.Compatibility is a key factor for successful grafting,however,the physiological mechanisms that affect grafting compatibility are not clear.This study aimed to investigate the physiological mechanism underlying cucumber/pumpkin grafting compatibility.Two pumpkin cultivars with significant differences in compatibility,Figleaf gourd(compatible rootstock,Cf)and Dongyangshenli(incompatible rootstock,Cmo),were used as rootstocks.Three cucumber cultivars with different growth rates were used as scions,including cucumber‘Shenluchunsi’(strong growth,V1),‘Cuilü’(weak growth,V2),and‘Liangyoulüjian 102’(medium growth,V3).Six grafting combinations(V1/Cf,V2/Cf,V3/Cf,V1/Cmo,V2/Cmo,and V3/Cmo)were used to analyze the effect of scion and rootstock varieties,as well as the chemical composition of the exudate from the stem cutting surface,on the compatibility of grafted plants.Here,we found that rootstock was closely correlated with the compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.The sucrose content in the exudate of the stem,enzyme activity,and the expression of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis in Cmo were significantly higher than those in Cf.Correlation analysis showed that the sucrose content difference between the exudate of rootstock and scion stems was negatively correlated with graft compatibility.Exogenous treatment with a 0.5%sucrose solution on the scions significantly reduced the difference in sucrose content between rootstock and scion and enhanced graft survival rate in the incompatible combination.The stem segment grafting experiment in vitro found that the high difference in sucrose concentration between the rootstock and scion decreased the grafting compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin by reducing the adhesion of the cutting surface.Taken together,the higher sucrose concentration difference between rootstock and scion decreased the adhesion of the cutting surface,resulting in the incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.
基金the grant of the University of Milan PSR Azione A for the Project“Composti fitochimici nell'alimentazione della bovina da latte:valore nutritivo,produzione di metano e microbiota ruminale”“FITORUMIN”Part of this work(Exp.2)was also financed by the Italian Ministry of Education,University and Research(PRIN 20152015FP39B9-LS9).
文摘This study investigated the effects of 2 Achillea moschata essential oils extracted from plants collected in 2 different valleys of the Italian Alps and 3 pure compounds of oils—bornyl acetate(BOR),camphor(CAM),and eucalyptol(EUCA)—on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota.An in vitro batch fermentation experiment(Exp.1)tested the addition of all of the substances(2 essential oils and 3 compounds)in fermentation bottles(120 mL)at 48 h of incubation,whereas a subsequent in vitro continuous culture experiment(Exp.2)evaluated the pure compounds added to the fermenters(2 L)for a longer incubation period(9 d).In both experiments,total mixed rations were incubated with the additives,and samples without additives were included as the control(CTR).Each treatment was tested in duplicate and was repeated in 3 and 2 fermentation runs in Exp.1 and 2,respectively.Gas production(GP)in Exp.1 was similar for all of the treatments,and short chain volatile fatty acid(SCFA)production was similar in both experiments except for a decrease of SCFA produced(P=0.029)due to EUCA addition in Exp.2.Compared to CTR,BOR and CAM reduced the valerate proportion(P=0.04)in Exp.1,and increased(P<0.01)the acetate proportion in Exp.2.All treatments increased(P<0.01)total protozoa counts(+36.7%and+48.4%compared to CTR on average for Exp.1 and 2,respectively).In Exp.1,all of the treatments lowered the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and increased the Proteobacteria relative abundances(P<0.05),whereas in Exp.2,the EUCA addition increased(P=0.012)the Ruminococcus.In Exp.1,methane(CH4)as a proportion of the GP was lowered(P=0.004)by the addition of CAM and EUCA compared to CTR,whereas in Exp.2,EUCA reduced the amount of stoichiometrically calculated CH4 compared to CTR.Overall,essential oils extracted from A.moschata and the pure compounds did not depress in vitro rumen fermentation,except for EUCA in Exp.2.In both experiments,an increase of the protozoal population occurred for all the additives.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30470863).
文摘The casepase is considered to regulate the process of programmed cell death in the development of organisms. In this study, caspase 3-like protease was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy during the development of sieve element and tracheary element of stem in Cucurbita moschata Duch. Antibody with brown color （under light microscopy） and gold particles （under transmission electron microscopy） for detecting caspase 3-like protease was mainly displayed in inner phloem, external phloem and xylem in the region close to procambium. From the results it was considered that caspase 3-like protease did exist in vascular elements and played different roles during the development of sieve and tracheary elements, and different types of programmed cell death might be carried out. The caspase 3-like protease mainly participated in making cytoplasmic streaming cease and in degrading P-protein bodies; however, it rarely participated in the function for signal transferring in the developmental sieve element. However, it might induce calcium accumulation for rupturing the tonoplast in the signal of PCD in the developmental tracheary element.
基金Supported by Functional Food and Nutraceutical Research Cluster Unit(Grant No.RU 06),Research Management Center,IIUM,Malaysia.
文摘Objective:To explore the in vitro antibacterial potential of the peel of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne(tropical pumpkin)(C.moschata)against human pathogenic bacteria.Methods:In the present study,dichloromethane(DCM),methanol(MEOH)and aqueous extracts of C.moschata peel were examined for in vitro antibacterial potency against eight bacterial strains i.e.Bacillus cereus,Burkholderia cepacia,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,Staphyloccocus aureus,Pseudomonas aerugenosa,Vibrio alginolyticus,Vibrio parahaemolyticus using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility and broth micro-dilution methods.Results:DCM extract of pumpkin peel exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition against Staphyloccocus aureus(21 mm)whereas aqueous extract of pumpkin peel revealed the least zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli(8 mm).MEOH extract gave maximum zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aerugenosa(19 mm).Broth micro-dilution method showed minimum inhibitory concentration for the DCM extract against Burkholderia cepacia at 6.25 mg/mL.The minimum bactericidal concentrations were also determined to know the nature of all extracts.DCM and MEOH extracts exhibited bactericidal nature to all bacterial strains except for the Vibrio alginolyticus.The minimum bactericidal concentrations values exhibited bactericidal nature ranging from 3.12 mg/mL to 100.00 mg/mL.The screening of antimicrobial properties of different extracts of C.moschata peel revealed that the DCM extract possessed good antimicrobial efficacy compared to MEOH and aqueous extracts.Conclusions:Peel of C.moschata possesses antibacterial compounds and could be potential source for a new class of antibiotics.
基金supported by the PRIMA programme under grant agreement No 2015,project SUSTAvian FEEDsupported by the European Unionthe visit by Achille Schiavone(22216/IV/23-Poultry MED project)funded by the Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia in connection with the“Jiménez De La Espada”Regional Programme for Mobility,Collaboration and Knowledge Exchange。
文摘Background The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive behaviors.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly(BSF)and yellow mealworm(YM)live larva provision on Muscovy duck performance,excreta corticosterone metabolites(ECM),behavior,and blood parameters.Methods A total of 1263-day-old female Muscovy ducklings were allotted to 18 pens(6 replicates/treatment,7 birds/pen)and assigned to 3 experimental treatments:a control group fed commercial feed,and two experimental treatments fed commercial feed plus the 5%(based on the expected daily feed intake,as fed basis)of BSF and YM live larvae(BSF and YM groups,respectively).A two-phase feeding program was applied:starter(from 3 to 31 days of age)and grower-finisher(from 32 to 55 days of age).The live weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed conversion ratio were calculated.Larva consumption times were collected,and video recordings were performed during 3 periods(P)each day:the hour before(P1),during(P2),and after(P3)the larva administration.ECM were evaluated at 3,31,and 55-day-old.Finally,the total red and white blood cell counts,serum proteins,lipids,and liver and renal function serum enzymes were evaluated on 12 birds/treatment.Results The experimental treatment did not affect the growth performance of the birds(P>0.05).Larva consumption times were always similar between the two insect species,except at 14–18 days of age,were BSF larvae were consumed faster than YM larvae(P<0.001).The birds showed less walking activity during P2,and preening behavior increased in YM birds during P3.The C birds increased the attack behavior over the weeks(P<0.05).During weeks 1–3 the YM group reduced the attack frequency(P1>P3;P<0.05).Finally,the provision of live BSF and YM larvae significantly reduced the ECM at 55 days of age and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio(P<0.05).Conclusions Live BSF and YM larva supplementation in Muscovy duck improves duck welfare,without impairing birds'growth performance.
