A series of mass mortalities of the cultured blood clam, Tegillarca granosa, occurred in the Yueqing Bay of China from 2005 to 2009. An obligate intracellular prokaryote, designated as rickettsia-like organism （RLO）...A series of mass mortalities of the cultured blood clam, Tegillarca granosa, occurred in the Yueqing Bay of China from 2005 to 2009. An obligate intracellular prokaryote, designated as rickettsia-like organism （RLO）, was frequently found in the moribund or dead blood clam sample during ultra- structural examination. These organisms were usually round, ellipsoid or occasionally dumbbell- shaped, ranged from approximately 0.28 to 0.71 #m in size and had a trilaminar cell wall. Two reproductive modes of organisms, transverse binary fission and budding, were observed. The or- ganisms were able to form eosinophilic inclusions. Most inclusions were found within epithelial and connective tissues of the mantle, gills and digestive tube. The biological and morphological char- acteristics indicate that these organisms may belong to the family Rickettsiaceae. RLOs exhibited significant pathogenicity. Cytopathological examinations revealed extensive necrosis and destruc- tion in the infected cell. The degree of tissue destruction was positively related to the number of RLO inclusions in the tissues, and the cytopathological effects were positively related to the number of intracellular RLO. RLOs and their inclusions were discovered throughout different disease areas and in different time periods. The infection intensity of the RLOs was positively correlated with the mortality rate of clams. Therefore, RLO infection might be associated with mass mortalities of cultured blood clams in the Yueqing Bay.展开更多
The growth parameters and mortalities of five species of Synodontis in the lower river Benue at Makurdi,Benue State were studied from January,2016 to December,2018.The asymptotic length(L∞)calculated for the five spe...The growth parameters and mortalities of five species of Synodontis in the lower river Benue at Makurdi,Benue State were studied from January,2016 to December,2018.The asymptotic length(L∞)calculated for the five species ranged from 18.80cm in S.clarias females to 37.04cm in S.membranaceus females.The t0 values were all negative in the combined sexes of S.clarias,S.omias,S.gambiensis and S.membranaceus.In both combined sexes of S.membranaceus and S.schall,the t0 values were positive.The growth rate(K)was low in S.clarias and S.omias(0.301-0.497,0.171-0.310)respectively and higher in S.membranaceus(0.310-0.640),S.schall females(0.430-0.580);S.schall males(0.573),S.gambiensis(0.500-0.571).Growth performance index(Ø’)was 2.212 in S.gambiensis and 2.946 in S.schall combined.Natural Mortality(M)ranged from 0.5422 in S.omias females to 1.3340 in S.membranaceus males.Fishing Mortality(F)was 0.8214 in S.omias combined and 3.0934 in S.membranaceus females.Total mortality(Z)ranged from 1.52 in S.omias combined to 4.078 in S.membranaceus combined.Mean Exploitation(E)ratios was 0.61 in S.clarias,0.64 in S.omias,0.53 in S.gambiences,0.70 in S.membranaceus,and 0.66 in S.schall.The rate at which these species survived in the River was low(from 0.147,in S.omias combined,to 1.482 in S.membranaceus combined).展开更多
Introduction: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China collected population-based cancer registration data from all cancer registries in China. This study aimed to compile national cancer incidences and mor...Introduction: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China collected population-based cancer registration data from all cancer registries in China. This study aimed to compile national cancer incidences and mortalities in 2011 and estimate cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths.Methods: In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries that submitted records of new cancer cases and cancer deaths that occurred in 2011 to the NCCR. All datasets were evaluated based on the criteria of data quality of the NCCR. The data of 177 registries was of suicient quality and was compiled to evaluate cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratiied by area, sex, age group, and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-standardized rates(ASR) and the Chinese population. All incidences and mortalities were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population.Results: The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The crude incidence was 250.28/1,00,000(277.77/1,00,000 for males and 221.37/1,00,000 for females). The ASRs of incidence by the Chinese standard population(ASRIC) and by the world standard population(ASRIW) were 186.34/1,00,000 and 182.76/1,00,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence(0–74 years old) of 21.20%. Cancers of the lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, cervix, uterus, prostate, and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for approximately 75% of all new cancer cases. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, female breast, pancreatic, brain, and cervical cancers and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for approximately 80% of all cancer deaths. Cancer incidence, mortality, and spectrum were all diferent between urban and rural areas and between males and females.Conclusions: The population covered by the cancer registries greatly increased from 2010 to 2011. The data quality and representativeness of cancer registries have gradually improved. Cancer registries have an irreplaceable role in research on cancer prevention and control. The disease burden of cancer is increasing, and the health department must implement efective measures to contain the increased cancer burden in China.展开更多
Background: There are many reports from different parts of the world addressing different aspects of surgical mortality. However, none has been done in this centre as it relates to orthopaedics and trauma admissions. ...Background: There are many reports from different parts of the world addressing different aspects of surgical mortality. However, none has been done in this centre as it relates to orthopaedics and trauma admissions. Such data are invaluable to health planning and epidemiological monitoring. Objective: To retrospectively review all mortalities arising from orthopaedics and trauma admission as they present to Irrua specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH) Irrua from Jan 2005-Dec 2014. Method: Medical records of case mortalities among orthopaedic and trauma admissions over ten years (Jan 2005-Dec 2014) were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Over this period, 2129 admissions and 45 deaths were recorded, with an overall crude mortality rate of 2.11%. No death was recorded among the paediatric age group. Thirty-four patients (75.56%) died from trauma (fracture) related diagnosis, majority of which were from head injury followed by infection 5 (11.11%), tumours 4, (8.89%) and disc herniation 2 (4.44%). Males were more affected 77.78% and median age at death was 44 years. Medical co-morbidities were found in 37.77% of the deceased patients. Conclusion: Patients with trauma related cases particularly head injuries, topped the list of mortalities. Young and middle aged adult males were most affected. Need for manpower development, investment in diagnostic and therapeutic facilities and preventive measures is emphasised.展开更多
Background: Studies have suggested epidemiological transition in the mortality pattern in Nigeria from communicable to non-communicable diseases of which Diseases of the cardiovascular system (DCVS) is prime. DCVS is?...Background: Studies have suggested epidemiological transition in the mortality pattern in Nigeria from communicable to non-communicable diseases of which Diseases of the cardiovascular system (DCVS) is prime. DCVS is?thus a growing public health concern but its mortality profile is under-studied?in Port Harcourt. This study was therefore designed to review the mortality profile of DCVS in Port Harcourt. Methodology: A retrospective case controlled study of deaths ascribed to DCVS at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) between January 2012 and December 2017. The composite diseases were grouped using the ICD10 scheme and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Minitab version 16 was used for trend analysis. Results: Of the overall 1902 deaths recorded within the period, 566 (29.8%) were cardiovascular system related. Of these, 301 (53.3%) were males and 265 (46.7%) were females. The elderly of 50 - 99 years were most commonly affected (65.5% of the mortalities). Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) accounted for 322 deaths (56.9%);various types of shock caused 116 deaths (20.5%) while?congestive cardiac failure (CCF) accounted for 114 deaths (20.1%). Pulmonary?embolism, myocardial infarction, carotid aneurysm, and hypertensive encephalopathy caused 1.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, and 0.2% deaths respectively. Peak annual mortality of 143 (25.3%) was recorded in 2013. Although the trend of mortality was undulating, there was an overall increase in annual incidence over the years.?Conclusion: DCVS constitute the commonest systemic cause?of death in Port Harcourt. Governmental and donor agencies involved in public health policy planning and implementation should scale-up strategies for the prevention and control of DCVS in order to stem the rising tide of associated mortalities.展开更多
A study on the evaluation of the effectiveness of three traditional methods of protecting guinea fowl from mortality was carried out at CRA-SS （Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane S6che） in northem Togo. Gu...A study on the evaluation of the effectiveness of three traditional methods of protecting guinea fowl from mortality was carried out at CRA-SS （Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane S6che） in northem Togo. Guinea fowl were divided into 5 batches, of which 3 batches received prophylactic medical treatment including plant decoctions, the 4th batch was followed by a medical prophylaxis program as a control group and the 5th batch considered as a negative control, has not received any prophylactic treatment. The results showed that a mortality rate of 25% for the reference lot and two other batches which received plant decoctions （Euphorbia poissonii or Khaya senegalensis） were recorded against a rate of 87.5% in the batch of guinea fowl which received the decoction of Pteleopsis suberosa. Meanwhile, regardless of weight growth, daily average gain （GMQ） or food consumption, no significant difference was observed （p 〉 0.05） between the guinea fowl that received a baseline health monitoring and those having taken the decoction orE. poissonii. On the other hand, the values recorded in these two batches of guinea fowl differed statistically from those in the guinea fowl that received the decoction of K. senegalensis. Although the decoction of K. senegalensis has a protective effect in guinea fowl, the growth of guinea fowl has been slowed down. On the basis of these results, it appears that two endogenous practices tested （K. senegalensis or E. poissonii） have positive effects. However, it would be desirable to carry out a toxicity test in order to determine the recommended doses.展开更多
Objective This study aims to investigate the joint associations of sarcopenia and social isolation with mortality risk.Methods Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and the UK Biobank...Objective This study aims to investigate the joint associations of sarcopenia and social isolation with mortality risk.Methods Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and the UK Biobank,sarcopenia was diagnosed according to European and Asian Working Groups for Sarcopenia criteria.Social isolation was assessed using standardized questionnaires,including questions on solitude,frequency of social activities,contact with others,and marital status(for the CLHLS only).Results During the follow-up period,8,249 deaths occurred in the CLHLS and 26,670 deaths in the UK Biobank groups.While no significant interaction was observed between sarcopenia and social isolation in predicting all-cause mortality in the CLHLS cohort,the association between social isolation and mortality was stronger among individuals with sarcopenia in the UK Biobank(P-interaction=0.03,relative risk due to interaction:0.23,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.06–0.41).Further joint analyses showed that participants with sarcopenia and high levels of social isolation had the highest mortality risk(hazard ration[HR]:1.99;95%CI:[1.74–2.28]in the CLHLS and 1.69[1.55–1.85]in the UK Biobank)compared to those without either condition.Conclusion The combination of social isolation and sarcopenia synergistically increases the risk of mortality in middle-aged and older adults across diverse populations.展开更多
Ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution causes the largest environmental health risk globally,yet ex-posure levels and the resulting health risks vary across countries with different income levels.Global we...Ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution causes the largest environmental health risk globally,yet ex-posure levels and the resulting health risks vary across countries with different income levels.Global wealth inequality has intensified in recent years,yet the relationship between wealth inequality and health risks related to PM_(2.5) pollution remains poorly understood.In this study,we evaluated the global mortality and health cost at-tributable to PM_(2.5) exposure from 2017 to 2021,and analyzed the relationship between wealth inequality,PM_(2.5) pollution,and the associated health risks across regions with varying economic levels.We found a consistent decline in mortalities and health costs attributable to PM_(2.5) exposure from 2017 to 2020,followed by a rebound after 2020,driven primarily by the resurgence of PM_(2.5) concentrations and a deceleration in the reduction of baseline mortality rates.We also found that the average PM_(2.5) concentration and associated risks decrease as domestic wealth inequality decreases and national income level increases.However,regions with extremely high levels of wealth inequality consistently show lower national average PM_(2.5) concentrations and health risks.These findings highlight the need to consider healthcare security during emergencies,as well as policy fairness across economic regions,in the formulation of global PM_(2.5) pollution control measures to promote sustainable,more equitable economic growth and coordinated air pollution management.展开更多
Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various dise...Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various diseases in animal models;however,there is currently insufficient evidence to guide the clinical application of exosome in patients with stroke.This article reviews the progress of exosome applications in stroke treatment.It aims to elucidate the significant potential value of exosomes in stroke therapy and provide a reference for their clinical translation.At present,many studies on exosome-based therapies for stroke are actively underway.Regarding preclinical research,exosomes,as bioactive substances with diverse sources,currently favor stem cells as their origin.Due to their high plasticity,exosomes can be effectively modified through various physical,chemical,and genetic engineering methods to enhance their efficacy.In animal models of stroke,exosome therapy can reduce neuroinflammatory responses,alleviate oxidative stress damage,and inhibit programmed cell death.Additionally,exosomes can promote angiogenesis,repair and regenerate damaged white matter fiber bundles,and facilitate the migration and differentiation of neural stem cells,aiding the repair process.We also summarize new directions for the application of exosomes,specifically the exosome intervention through the ventricular-meningeal lymphatic system.The review findings suggest that the treatment paradigm for stroke is poised for transformation.展开更多
The impact of spinal cord injury(SCI)on the immune system is increasingly recognized in a field traditionally focused on motor impairments.SCI can seriously affect the immune system by progressively disrupting the reg...The impact of spinal cord injury(SCI)on the immune system is increasingly recognized in a field traditionally focused on motor impairments.SCI can seriously affect the immune system by progressively disrupting the regulatory mechanisms that control immune responses.This dysregulation varies widely among patients and can evolve over time,ranging from systemic inflammatory responses to immunosuppression,greatly contributing to the morbidity and mortality of individuals with SCI(Bao et al.,2011;Brennan et al.,2024).展开更多
Adolescent smoking constitutes a critical public health challenge as early initiation increases the risk of premature mortality and smoking-related chronic diseases due to longer exposure and higher cumulative tobacco...Adolescent smoking constitutes a critical public health challenge as early initiation increases the risk of premature mortality and smoking-related chronic diseases due to longer exposure and higher cumulative tobacco use^([1]).Adolescents are especially prone to developing persistent smoking habits,with many adult smokers having started before the age of 18.In China,16.7%of secondary school students have tried smoking and 4.7%are current smokers,highlighting the critical need for targeted tobacco control interventions among the youth.展开更多
This study attempts to investigate the factors determining COVID-19 deaths during the pandemic across countries by employing a rich dataset sourced from 94 countries updated till 6 February,2022.For empirical analysis...This study attempts to investigate the factors determining COVID-19 deaths during the pandemic across countries by employing a rich dataset sourced from 94 countries updated till 6 February,2022.For empirical analysis,the study makes use of cross-sectional linear regression technique in the first part and after required diagnostic tests use 2SLS regression technique for correcting possible endogeneity bias in the second part.Findings from the study indicate that factors like total reported cases,population size,population over 70 years of age,extreme poverty,and human development index play significant role in determining COVID-19-related death.Further,to check the robustness of the findings the present study employed LASSO regression.Findings from the study highlight the possibility of government intervention to devise appropriate policies to control COVID-related incidence and death.展开更多
Introduction:Climate factors play an important role in the transmission of viruses,such as influenza viruses,MERS-CoV,and SARS-CoV-1.This study aimed to determine the relationship between changes in temperature,humidi...Introduction:Climate factors play an important role in the transmission of viruses,such as influenza viruses,MERS-CoV,and SARS-CoV-1.This study aimed to determine the relationship between changes in temperature,humidity,rainfall,and SARS-CoV-2 contagion.Five ecologically and climatically distinct regions were considered—Karachi,Lahore,Islamabad,Peshawar,and Gilgit-Baltistan.Method:Data on daily COVID-19 cases and deaths were retrieved from government officials,while meteorological information was collected from Pakistan Meteorological Department.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 and the Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between the meteorological factors and COVID-19 cases and deaths.Result:Positive correlation of COVID-19 incidence was observed with all the temperature ranges(maximum,minimum and average)and negative correlation was seen with humidity,DTR and rainfall.COVID-19 deaths were positively associated with temperature and were negatively associated only with humidity.Linear regression showed that for every unit increase in humidity,there was a3.345 daily signifi-cant decrease in COVID-19 cases,while in Karachi for every unit increase in humidity,there remained a 10.104 daily significant increase in cases.In Gilgit-Baltistan,for every unit increase in average temperature and rainfall respectively,significant increases of 0.534 and 1.286 in daily cases were found.Conclusion:This study signifies the effect of climate factors on COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate,but climate factors are not the only variable and several other interlinked factors enhance the spread of COVID-19.Hence,effective mitigation policies,enhancing testing capacities,and developing public attitudes toward adopting precautionary measures are important to overcome this overwhelming pandemic.展开更多
Background Cervical cancer is the only cancer that can be eliminated worldwide.Tracking the latest burden of cervical cancer is critical toward the targets set by World Health Organization(WHO)to eliminate cervical ca...Background Cervical cancer is the only cancer that can be eliminated worldwide.Tracking the latest burden of cervical cancer is critical toward the targets set by World Health Organization(WHO)to eliminate cervical cancer as a major public health problem.Methods All data were extracted from the Global Cancer Observatory(GLOBOCAN)2022.Age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and mortality rates(ASMR)of cervical cancer were compared and linked to Human Development Index(HDI)between populations.The estimated annual percentage changes(EAPCs)were used to characterize the temporal trend in ASIR/ASMR,and demographic estimates were projected up to 2050.Results Globally,an estimated 662,044 cases(ASIR:14.12/100,000)and 348,709 deaths(ASMR:7.08/100,000)from cervical cancer occurred in 2022,corresponding to the fourth cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women worldwide.Specifically,42%of cases and 39%of deaths occurred in China(23%and 16%)and India(19%and 23%).Both ASIR and ASMR of cervical cancer decreased with HDI,and similar decreasing links were observed for both early-onset(0–39 years)and late-onset(≥40 years)cervical cancer.Both ASIR and ASMR of overall cervical cancer showed decreasing trends during 2003–2012(EAPC:0.04%and-1.03%);however,upward trends were observed for early-onset cervical cancer(EAPC:1.16%and 0.57%).If national rates in 2022 remain stable,the estimated cases and deaths from cervical cancer are projected to increase by 56.8%and 80.7%up to 2050.Moreover,the projected increase of early-onset cervical cancer is mainly observed in transitioning countries,while decreased burden is expected in transitioned countries.Conclusions Cervical cancer remains a common cause of cancer death in many countries,especially in transitioning countries.Unless scaling-up preventive interventions,human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination and cervical cancer screening,as well as systematic cooperation within government,civil societies,and private enterprises,the global burden of cervical cancer would be expected to increase in the future.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe condition,and abdominal effusion is a significant predictor of its severity and prognosis.However,the relationship between ascites characteristics and AP outcomes remains u...BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe condition,and abdominal effusion is a significant predictor of its severity and prognosis.However,the relationship between ascites characteristics and AP outcomes remains undefined.AIM To assess the correlation between ascites characteristics and clinical prognosis in AP patients by comparing color depth and turbidity of early ascites.METHODS This study included 667 AP patients with ascites,categorized by color and turbidity into yellow clear(n=54),yellow turbid(n=293),red brown(n=320).The trendχ2 test was employed to analyze the incidence of organ failure(OF),infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN),and mortality across groups.Receiver operating charac teristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of ascites cell count,amylase,protein,and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)for abdominal compartment syndrome(ACS)and intra-abdominal hemorrhage.RESULTS AP patients with ascites exhibited higher scores of scoring systems(such as Bedside index for severity in AP,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination II,etc.)and increased complications and mortality rates(all P<0.05)compared to those without ascites.A linear association was observed between ascites color depth and turbidity and the incidence of OF,pancreatic necrosis,IPN,and mortality(P<0.05).LDH in ascites demonstrated high accuracy in predicting ACS and intra-abdominal hemorrhage,with areas under the ROC curve of 0.77 and 0.79,respectively.CONCLUSION Early in AP,ascites correlates with OF,IPN,and mortality,showing linear associations with color depth and turbidity.Ascitic LDH reliably predicts ACS and intra-abdominal hemorrhage in AP patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their e...BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with sepsis.DATA RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(www.clinicaltrials.gov) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other outcomes.RESULTS: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving children.CONCLUSION: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.展开更多
Background Given the relatively unfavorable prognosis and significant geographic differences in lung cancer burden,it is critical to update the global landscape of lung cancer to inform local strategies.Methods Based ...Background Given the relatively unfavorable prognosis and significant geographic differences in lung cancer burden,it is critical to update the global landscape of lung cancer to inform local strategies.Methods Based on the GLOBOCAN 2022,the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and mortality rate(ASMR)were compared and linked to the Human Development Index(HDI)across different populations.The temporal trends in ASIR/ASMR were characterized as estimated annual percentage change(EAPC),and demographic projections were performed up to 2050.Results Globally,an estimated 2,480,675 cases and 1,817,469 deaths from lung cancer occurred in 2022.Both ASIR and ASMR of lung cancer varied widely by world region,with ASIR ranging from 2.06 to 39.38 per 100,000 and ASMR from 1.95 to 31.70 per 100,000.China alone accounted for>40%of cases and deaths worldwide.Both ASIR and ARMR of lung cancer increased with HDI(R2:0.54 and 0.47,all P values<0.001),regardless of gender.Based on available data,both ASIR during 2001–2010 and ASMR during 2001–2015 showed decreasing trends in males(EAPC:1.50%and−2.22%)but increasing trends in females(EAPC:1.08%and 0.07%).Similar trends in ASIR and ASMR were observed among the elder population(≥50 years);however,downward trends were observed in the younger population(<50 years).Alongside the aging and growth of the population,estimated cases and deaths from overall lung cancer would increase by 86.2%and 95.2%up to 2050 as compared with estimates in 2022,respectively.Notably,increased early-onset lung cancer was only observed in transitioning countries,while decreased early-onset lung cancer was observed in transitioned countries.Conclusion Lung cancer maintained as the leading cancer burden worldwide.Unless timely preventive interventions in tobacco mitigation,early screening,and precise treatment,the global lung cancer burden is expected to increase in the future,especially for transitioning countries.展开更多
BACKGROUND Advanced heart failure and transplant(AHFTC)teams are crucial in the management of patients in cardiogenic shock.We sought to explore the impact of AHFTC physicians on outcomes in patients receiving extraco...BACKGROUND Advanced heart failure and transplant(AHFTC)teams are crucial in the management of patients in cardiogenic shock.We sought to explore the impact of AHFTC physicians on outcomes in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)support.AIM To determine whether outcomes differ in the care of ECMO patients when AHFTC physicians serve in a primary vs consultative role.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 51 patients placed on veno-venous(VV)and veno-arterial(VA)ECMO between January 2015 and February 2023 at our institution.We compared ECMO outcomes between teams managed primarily by intensivists vs teams where AHFTC physicians played a direct role in ECMO management,including patient selection.Our primary outcome measure was survival to 30 days post hospital discharge.RESULTS For combined VA and VV ECMO patients,survival to 30 days post discharge in the AHFTC cohort was significantly higher(67%vs 30%,P=0.01),largely driven by a significantly increased 30-day post discharge survival in VA ECMO patients in the AHFTC group(64%vs 20%,P=0.05).CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients in shock requiring VA ECMO support may have improved survival 30 days after hospital discharge when an AHFTC team serves in a direct role in the selection and management of patients.Further studies are needed to validate this impact.展开更多
Prostate cancer (PC) is among the most common cancer diagnoses in men worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Approximately 1.5 million new cases of PC were reported worldwide in 2022 with near...Prostate cancer (PC) is among the most common cancer diagnoses in men worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Approximately 1.5 million new cases of PC were reported worldwide in 2022 with nearly 400,000 associated deaths1. Notably, the incidence of PC in China has increased substantially compared to the global average2.展开更多
Objective This study aims to analyze the burden of lower respiratory infections in Chinese elderly people aged 70 and above.Methods This study utilized Global Burden of Disease(GBD)1990-2050 prediction data to analyze...Objective This study aims to analyze the burden of lower respiratory infections in Chinese elderly people aged 70 and above.Methods This study utilized Global Burden of Disease(GBD)1990-2050 prediction data to analyze changes in mortality rates and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)rates for lower respiratory infections in the elderly population(aged 70 and above)in China from 1990 to 2050.It also discusses future trends in the burden of lower respiratory infections(LRI)in China under different scenarios.Results According to GBD predictions,the burden of lower respiratory infections in the elderly aged 70 years and above in China is lower than the global average.The burden has been decreasing from 1990 to 2020,but is projected to increase from 2020 to 2050.Scenario-based predictions suggest that,under scenarios involving improvements in nutrition and vaccination,the burden of lower respiratory infections in the elderly in China is expected to be the lowest in 2050.Conclusion This study indicates that the burden of lower respiratory infections in elderly people aged 70 years and above in China remains a significant public health issue and may worsen.The government should consider strengthening the preventive measures and management strategies for respiratory infections in the elderly population.展开更多
基金Scientific Projects of Zhejiang Province,China under contract Nos 2004C23041 and 20080123
文摘A series of mass mortalities of the cultured blood clam, Tegillarca granosa, occurred in the Yueqing Bay of China from 2005 to 2009. An obligate intracellular prokaryote, designated as rickettsia-like organism （RLO）, was frequently found in the moribund or dead blood clam sample during ultra- structural examination. These organisms were usually round, ellipsoid or occasionally dumbbell- shaped, ranged from approximately 0.28 to 0.71 #m in size and had a trilaminar cell wall. Two reproductive modes of organisms, transverse binary fission and budding, were observed. The or- ganisms were able to form eosinophilic inclusions. Most inclusions were found within epithelial and connective tissues of the mantle, gills and digestive tube. The biological and morphological char- acteristics indicate that these organisms may belong to the family Rickettsiaceae. RLOs exhibited significant pathogenicity. Cytopathological examinations revealed extensive necrosis and destruc- tion in the infected cell. The degree of tissue destruction was positively related to the number of RLO inclusions in the tissues, and the cytopathological effects were positively related to the number of intracellular RLO. RLOs and their inclusions were discovered throughout different disease areas and in different time periods. The infection intensity of the RLOs was positively correlated with the mortality rate of clams. Therefore, RLO infection might be associated with mass mortalities of cultured blood clams in the Yueqing Bay.
文摘The growth parameters and mortalities of five species of Synodontis in the lower river Benue at Makurdi,Benue State were studied from January,2016 to December,2018.The asymptotic length(L∞)calculated for the five species ranged from 18.80cm in S.clarias females to 37.04cm in S.membranaceus females.The t0 values were all negative in the combined sexes of S.clarias,S.omias,S.gambiensis and S.membranaceus.In both combined sexes of S.membranaceus and S.schall,the t0 values were positive.The growth rate(K)was low in S.clarias and S.omias(0.301-0.497,0.171-0.310)respectively and higher in S.membranaceus(0.310-0.640),S.schall females(0.430-0.580);S.schall males(0.573),S.gambiensis(0.500-0.571).Growth performance index(Ø’)was 2.212 in S.gambiensis and 2.946 in S.schall combined.Natural Mortality(M)ranged from 0.5422 in S.omias females to 1.3340 in S.membranaceus males.Fishing Mortality(F)was 0.8214 in S.omias combined and 3.0934 in S.membranaceus females.Total mortality(Z)ranged from 1.52 in S.omias combined to 4.078 in S.membranaceus combined.Mean Exploitation(E)ratios was 0.61 in S.clarias,0.64 in S.omias,0.53 in S.gambiences,0.70 in S.membranaceus,and 0.66 in S.schall.The rate at which these species survived in the River was low(from 0.147,in S.omias combined,to 1.482 in S.membranaceus combined).
文摘Introduction: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China collected population-based cancer registration data from all cancer registries in China. This study aimed to compile national cancer incidences and mortalities in 2011 and estimate cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths.Methods: In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries that submitted records of new cancer cases and cancer deaths that occurred in 2011 to the NCCR. All datasets were evaluated based on the criteria of data quality of the NCCR. The data of 177 registries was of suicient quality and was compiled to evaluate cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratiied by area, sex, age group, and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-standardized rates(ASR) and the Chinese population. All incidences and mortalities were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population.Results: The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The crude incidence was 250.28/1,00,000(277.77/1,00,000 for males and 221.37/1,00,000 for females). The ASRs of incidence by the Chinese standard population(ASRIC) and by the world standard population(ASRIW) were 186.34/1,00,000 and 182.76/1,00,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence(0–74 years old) of 21.20%. Cancers of the lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, cervix, uterus, prostate, and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for approximately 75% of all new cancer cases. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, female breast, pancreatic, brain, and cervical cancers and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for approximately 80% of all cancer deaths. Cancer incidence, mortality, and spectrum were all diferent between urban and rural areas and between males and females.Conclusions: The population covered by the cancer registries greatly increased from 2010 to 2011. The data quality and representativeness of cancer registries have gradually improved. Cancer registries have an irreplaceable role in research on cancer prevention and control. The disease burden of cancer is increasing, and the health department must implement efective measures to contain the increased cancer burden in China.
文摘Background: There are many reports from different parts of the world addressing different aspects of surgical mortality. However, none has been done in this centre as it relates to orthopaedics and trauma admissions. Such data are invaluable to health planning and epidemiological monitoring. Objective: To retrospectively review all mortalities arising from orthopaedics and trauma admission as they present to Irrua specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH) Irrua from Jan 2005-Dec 2014. Method: Medical records of case mortalities among orthopaedic and trauma admissions over ten years (Jan 2005-Dec 2014) were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Over this period, 2129 admissions and 45 deaths were recorded, with an overall crude mortality rate of 2.11%. No death was recorded among the paediatric age group. Thirty-four patients (75.56%) died from trauma (fracture) related diagnosis, majority of which were from head injury followed by infection 5 (11.11%), tumours 4, (8.89%) and disc herniation 2 (4.44%). Males were more affected 77.78% and median age at death was 44 years. Medical co-morbidities were found in 37.77% of the deceased patients. Conclusion: Patients with trauma related cases particularly head injuries, topped the list of mortalities. Young and middle aged adult males were most affected. Need for manpower development, investment in diagnostic and therapeutic facilities and preventive measures is emphasised.
文摘Background: Studies have suggested epidemiological transition in the mortality pattern in Nigeria from communicable to non-communicable diseases of which Diseases of the cardiovascular system (DCVS) is prime. DCVS is?thus a growing public health concern but its mortality profile is under-studied?in Port Harcourt. This study was therefore designed to review the mortality profile of DCVS in Port Harcourt. Methodology: A retrospective case controlled study of deaths ascribed to DCVS at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) between January 2012 and December 2017. The composite diseases were grouped using the ICD10 scheme and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Minitab version 16 was used for trend analysis. Results: Of the overall 1902 deaths recorded within the period, 566 (29.8%) were cardiovascular system related. Of these, 301 (53.3%) were males and 265 (46.7%) were females. The elderly of 50 - 99 years were most commonly affected (65.5% of the mortalities). Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) accounted for 322 deaths (56.9%);various types of shock caused 116 deaths (20.5%) while?congestive cardiac failure (CCF) accounted for 114 deaths (20.1%). Pulmonary?embolism, myocardial infarction, carotid aneurysm, and hypertensive encephalopathy caused 1.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, and 0.2% deaths respectively. Peak annual mortality of 143 (25.3%) was recorded in 2013. Although the trend of mortality was undulating, there was an overall increase in annual incidence over the years.?Conclusion: DCVS constitute the commonest systemic cause?of death in Port Harcourt. Governmental and donor agencies involved in public health policy planning and implementation should scale-up strategies for the prevention and control of DCVS in order to stem the rising tide of associated mortalities.
文摘A study on the evaluation of the effectiveness of three traditional methods of protecting guinea fowl from mortality was carried out at CRA-SS （Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane S6che） in northem Togo. Guinea fowl were divided into 5 batches, of which 3 batches received prophylactic medical treatment including plant decoctions, the 4th batch was followed by a medical prophylaxis program as a control group and the 5th batch considered as a negative control, has not received any prophylactic treatment. The results showed that a mortality rate of 25% for the reference lot and two other batches which received plant decoctions （Euphorbia poissonii or Khaya senegalensis） were recorded against a rate of 87.5% in the batch of guinea fowl which received the decoction of Pteleopsis suberosa. Meanwhile, regardless of weight growth, daily average gain （GMQ） or food consumption, no significant difference was observed （p 〉 0.05） between the guinea fowl that received a baseline health monitoring and those having taken the decoction orE. poissonii. On the other hand, the values recorded in these two batches of guinea fowl differed statistically from those in the guinea fowl that received the decoction of K. senegalensis. Although the decoction of K. senegalensis has a protective effect in guinea fowl, the growth of guinea fowl has been slowed down. On the basis of these results, it appears that two endogenous practices tested （K. senegalensis or E. poissonii） have positive effects. However, it would be desirable to carry out a toxicity test in order to determine the recommended doses.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3606300,No.2022YFC3600300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82325043)the National Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BCA036)。
文摘Objective This study aims to investigate the joint associations of sarcopenia and social isolation with mortality risk.Methods Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and the UK Biobank,sarcopenia was diagnosed according to European and Asian Working Groups for Sarcopenia criteria.Social isolation was assessed using standardized questionnaires,including questions on solitude,frequency of social activities,contact with others,and marital status(for the CLHLS only).Results During the follow-up period,8,249 deaths occurred in the CLHLS and 26,670 deaths in the UK Biobank groups.While no significant interaction was observed between sarcopenia and social isolation in predicting all-cause mortality in the CLHLS cohort,the association between social isolation and mortality was stronger among individuals with sarcopenia in the UK Biobank(P-interaction=0.03,relative risk due to interaction:0.23,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.06–0.41).Further joint analyses showed that participants with sarcopenia and high levels of social isolation had the highest mortality risk(hazard ration[HR]:1.99;95%CI:[1.74–2.28]in the CLHLS and 1.69[1.55–1.85]in the UK Biobank)compared to those without either condition.Conclusion The combination of social isolation and sarcopenia synergistically increases the risk of mortality in middle-aged and older adults across diverse populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42305089 and 42175106)the Self-supporting Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(No.SRPG22-007)+1 种基金the Youth Science and Technology Fund Project of Gansu(No.22JR5RA512)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky-2022-pd05).
文摘Ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution causes the largest environmental health risk globally,yet ex-posure levels and the resulting health risks vary across countries with different income levels.Global wealth inequality has intensified in recent years,yet the relationship between wealth inequality and health risks related to PM_(2.5) pollution remains poorly understood.In this study,we evaluated the global mortality and health cost at-tributable to PM_(2.5) exposure from 2017 to 2021,and analyzed the relationship between wealth inequality,PM_(2.5) pollution,and the associated health risks across regions with varying economic levels.We found a consistent decline in mortalities and health costs attributable to PM_(2.5) exposure from 2017 to 2020,followed by a rebound after 2020,driven primarily by the resurgence of PM_(2.5) concentrations and a deceleration in the reduction of baseline mortality rates.We also found that the average PM_(2.5) concentration and associated risks decrease as domestic wealth inequality decreases and national income level increases.However,regions with extremely high levels of wealth inequality consistently show lower national average PM_(2.5) concentrations and health risks.These findings highlight the need to consider healthcare security during emergencies,as well as policy fairness across economic regions,in the formulation of global PM_(2.5) pollution control measures to promote sustainable,more equitable economic growth and coordinated air pollution management.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,No.CSTB2023NSCQ-mSX0561(to WL).
文摘Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various diseases in animal models;however,there is currently insufficient evidence to guide the clinical application of exosome in patients with stroke.This article reviews the progress of exosome applications in stroke treatment.It aims to elucidate the significant potential value of exosomes in stroke therapy and provide a reference for their clinical translation.At present,many studies on exosome-based therapies for stroke are actively underway.Regarding preclinical research,exosomes,as bioactive substances with diverse sources,currently favor stem cells as their origin.Due to their high plasticity,exosomes can be effectively modified through various physical,chemical,and genetic engineering methods to enhance their efficacy.In animal models of stroke,exosome therapy can reduce neuroinflammatory responses,alleviate oxidative stress damage,and inhibit programmed cell death.Additionally,exosomes can promote angiogenesis,repair and regenerate damaged white matter fiber bundles,and facilitate the migration and differentiation of neural stem cells,aiding the repair process.We also summarize new directions for the application of exosomes,specifically the exosome intervention through the ventricular-meningeal lymphatic system.The review findings suggest that the treatment paradigm for stroke is poised for transformation.
基金funded by the Santa Casa Neuroscience Awards—Prize Melo e Castro for Spinal Cord Injury Research(MC-18-2021)(to AJS and NAS)by the Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation(WFL-PT-14/23)(to NAS)+2 种基金funded by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)—projects UIDB/50026/2020,UIDP/50026/2020,and EXPL/MED-PAT/0931/2021-http://doi.org/10.54499/EXPL/MED PAT/0931/2021supported by the Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme(NORTE 2020)under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement through the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)(to SM)the support given by the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology to SM(CEECIND/01902/2017-Doi:10.54499/CEECIND/01902/2017/CP1458/CT0024),and NAS(CEECIND/04794/2007)。
文摘The impact of spinal cord injury(SCI)on the immune system is increasingly recognized in a field traditionally focused on motor impairments.SCI can seriously affect the immune system by progressively disrupting the regulatory mechanisms that control immune responses.This dysregulation varies widely among patients and can evolve over time,ranging from systemic inflammatory responses to immunosuppression,greatly contributing to the morbidity and mortality of individuals with SCI(Bao et al.,2011;Brennan et al.,2024).
基金supported by the World Health Organization Global Youth Tobacco Survey(WPDHP1206671)the Global Health Capacity Building and Tobacco Control Project:Tobacco Epidemic Monitoring and Comprehensive Tobacco Control Intervention。
文摘Adolescent smoking constitutes a critical public health challenge as early initiation increases the risk of premature mortality and smoking-related chronic diseases due to longer exposure and higher cumulative tobacco use^([1]).Adolescents are especially prone to developing persistent smoking habits,with many adult smokers having started before the age of 18.In China,16.7%of secondary school students have tried smoking and 4.7%are current smokers,highlighting the critical need for targeted tobacco control interventions among the youth.
基金This research is supported by a seed money Grant provided by Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology,Bhopal under the Grant No.:DeanR&C/1420.
文摘This study attempts to investigate the factors determining COVID-19 deaths during the pandemic across countries by employing a rich dataset sourced from 94 countries updated till 6 February,2022.For empirical analysis,the study makes use of cross-sectional linear regression technique in the first part and after required diagnostic tests use 2SLS regression technique for correcting possible endogeneity bias in the second part.Findings from the study indicate that factors like total reported cases,population size,population over 70 years of age,extreme poverty,and human development index play significant role in determining COVID-19-related death.Further,to check the robustness of the findings the present study employed LASSO regression.Findings from the study highlight the possibility of government intervention to devise appropriate policies to control COVID-related incidence and death.
文摘Introduction:Climate factors play an important role in the transmission of viruses,such as influenza viruses,MERS-CoV,and SARS-CoV-1.This study aimed to determine the relationship between changes in temperature,humidity,rainfall,and SARS-CoV-2 contagion.Five ecologically and climatically distinct regions were considered—Karachi,Lahore,Islamabad,Peshawar,and Gilgit-Baltistan.Method:Data on daily COVID-19 cases and deaths were retrieved from government officials,while meteorological information was collected from Pakistan Meteorological Department.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 and the Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between the meteorological factors and COVID-19 cases and deaths.Result:Positive correlation of COVID-19 incidence was observed with all the temperature ranges(maximum,minimum and average)and negative correlation was seen with humidity,DTR and rainfall.COVID-19 deaths were positively associated with temperature and were negatively associated only with humidity.Linear regression showed that for every unit increase in humidity,there was a3.345 daily signifi-cant decrease in COVID-19 cases,while in Karachi for every unit increase in humidity,there remained a 10.104 daily significant increase in cases.In Gilgit-Baltistan,for every unit increase in average temperature and rainfall respectively,significant increases of 0.534 and 1.286 in daily cases were found.Conclusion:This study signifies the effect of climate factors on COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate,but climate factors are not the only variable and several other interlinked factors enhance the spread of COVID-19.Hence,effective mitigation policies,enhancing testing capacities,and developing public attitudes toward adopting precautionary measures are important to overcome this overwhelming pandemic.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number:2021YFC2500400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82172894,82073028,82204121)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number:2023M742617).
文摘Background Cervical cancer is the only cancer that can be eliminated worldwide.Tracking the latest burden of cervical cancer is critical toward the targets set by World Health Organization(WHO)to eliminate cervical cancer as a major public health problem.Methods All data were extracted from the Global Cancer Observatory(GLOBOCAN)2022.Age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and mortality rates(ASMR)of cervical cancer were compared and linked to Human Development Index(HDI)between populations.The estimated annual percentage changes(EAPCs)were used to characterize the temporal trend in ASIR/ASMR,and demographic estimates were projected up to 2050.Results Globally,an estimated 662,044 cases(ASIR:14.12/100,000)and 348,709 deaths(ASMR:7.08/100,000)from cervical cancer occurred in 2022,corresponding to the fourth cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women worldwide.Specifically,42%of cases and 39%of deaths occurred in China(23%and 16%)and India(19%and 23%).Both ASIR and ASMR of cervical cancer decreased with HDI,and similar decreasing links were observed for both early-onset(0–39 years)and late-onset(≥40 years)cervical cancer.Both ASIR and ASMR of overall cervical cancer showed decreasing trends during 2003–2012(EAPC:0.04%and-1.03%);however,upward trends were observed for early-onset cervical cancer(EAPC:1.16%and 0.57%).If national rates in 2022 remain stable,the estimated cases and deaths from cervical cancer are projected to increase by 56.8%and 80.7%up to 2050.Moreover,the projected increase of early-onset cervical cancer is mainly observed in transitioning countries,while decreased burden is expected in transitioned countries.Conclusions Cervical cancer remains a common cause of cancer death in many countries,especially in transitioning countries.Unless scaling-up preventive interventions,human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination and cervical cancer screening,as well as systematic cooperation within government,civil societies,and private enterprises,the global burden of cervical cancer would be expected to increase in the future.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82360136Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology,No.20223BCG74011.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe condition,and abdominal effusion is a significant predictor of its severity and prognosis.However,the relationship between ascites characteristics and AP outcomes remains undefined.AIM To assess the correlation between ascites characteristics and clinical prognosis in AP patients by comparing color depth and turbidity of early ascites.METHODS This study included 667 AP patients with ascites,categorized by color and turbidity into yellow clear(n=54),yellow turbid(n=293),red brown(n=320).The trendχ2 test was employed to analyze the incidence of organ failure(OF),infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN),and mortality across groups.Receiver operating charac teristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of ascites cell count,amylase,protein,and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)for abdominal compartment syndrome(ACS)and intra-abdominal hemorrhage.RESULTS AP patients with ascites exhibited higher scores of scoring systems(such as Bedside index for severity in AP,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination II,etc.)and increased complications and mortality rates(all P<0.05)compared to those without ascites.A linear association was observed between ascites color depth and turbidity and the incidence of OF,pancreatic necrosis,IPN,and mortality(P<0.05).LDH in ascites demonstrated high accuracy in predicting ACS and intra-abdominal hemorrhage,with areas under the ROC curve of 0.77 and 0.79,respectively.CONCLUSION Early in AP,ascites correlates with OF,IPN,and mortality,showing linear associations with color depth and turbidity.Ascitic LDH reliably predicts ACS and intra-abdominal hemorrhage in AP patients.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-B-109)Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-020)。
文摘BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with sepsis.DATA RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(www.clinicaltrials.gov) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other outcomes.RESULTS: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving children.CONCLUSION: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number:2021YFC2500400)Tianjin Health Committee Foundation(grant number:TJWJ2021MS008)+2 种基金Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(grant number:TYXZDXK-009A)Science and Technology Program of the Joint Fund of Scientific Research for the Public Hospitals of Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences(grant number:2023GLLH0132)Scientific Research Fund for the Demonstration Project of Public Hospital Reform and Quality Development(Gastrointestinal Tumour)that is approved by Peking University Cancer Hospital(Inner Mongolia Campus)(grant number:2023SGGZ068)。
文摘Background Given the relatively unfavorable prognosis and significant geographic differences in lung cancer burden,it is critical to update the global landscape of lung cancer to inform local strategies.Methods Based on the GLOBOCAN 2022,the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and mortality rate(ASMR)were compared and linked to the Human Development Index(HDI)across different populations.The temporal trends in ASIR/ASMR were characterized as estimated annual percentage change(EAPC),and demographic projections were performed up to 2050.Results Globally,an estimated 2,480,675 cases and 1,817,469 deaths from lung cancer occurred in 2022.Both ASIR and ASMR of lung cancer varied widely by world region,with ASIR ranging from 2.06 to 39.38 per 100,000 and ASMR from 1.95 to 31.70 per 100,000.China alone accounted for>40%of cases and deaths worldwide.Both ASIR and ARMR of lung cancer increased with HDI(R2:0.54 and 0.47,all P values<0.001),regardless of gender.Based on available data,both ASIR during 2001–2010 and ASMR during 2001–2015 showed decreasing trends in males(EAPC:1.50%and−2.22%)but increasing trends in females(EAPC:1.08%and 0.07%).Similar trends in ASIR and ASMR were observed among the elder population(≥50 years);however,downward trends were observed in the younger population(<50 years).Alongside the aging and growth of the population,estimated cases and deaths from overall lung cancer would increase by 86.2%and 95.2%up to 2050 as compared with estimates in 2022,respectively.Notably,increased early-onset lung cancer was only observed in transitioning countries,while decreased early-onset lung cancer was observed in transitioned countries.Conclusion Lung cancer maintained as the leading cancer burden worldwide.Unless timely preventive interventions in tobacco mitigation,early screening,and precise treatment,the global lung cancer burden is expected to increase in the future,especially for transitioning countries.
文摘BACKGROUND Advanced heart failure and transplant(AHFTC)teams are crucial in the management of patients in cardiogenic shock.We sought to explore the impact of AHFTC physicians on outcomes in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)support.AIM To determine whether outcomes differ in the care of ECMO patients when AHFTC physicians serve in a primary vs consultative role.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 51 patients placed on veno-venous(VV)and veno-arterial(VA)ECMO between January 2015 and February 2023 at our institution.We compared ECMO outcomes between teams managed primarily by intensivists vs teams where AHFTC physicians played a direct role in ECMO management,including patient selection.Our primary outcome measure was survival to 30 days post hospital discharge.RESULTS For combined VA and VV ECMO patients,survival to 30 days post discharge in the AHFTC cohort was significantly higher(67%vs 30%,P=0.01),largely driven by a significantly increased 30-day post discharge survival in VA ECMO patients in the AHFTC group(64%vs 20%,P=0.05).CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients in shock requiring VA ECMO support may have improved survival 30 days after hospital discharge when an AHFTC team serves in a direct role in the selection and management of patients.Further studies are needed to validate this impact.
文摘Prostate cancer (PC) is among the most common cancer diagnoses in men worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Approximately 1.5 million new cases of PC were reported worldwide in 2022 with nearly 400,000 associated deaths1. Notably, the incidence of PC in China has increased substantially compared to the global average2.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.BJ-2023-066).
文摘Objective This study aims to analyze the burden of lower respiratory infections in Chinese elderly people aged 70 and above.Methods This study utilized Global Burden of Disease(GBD)1990-2050 prediction data to analyze changes in mortality rates and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)rates for lower respiratory infections in the elderly population(aged 70 and above)in China from 1990 to 2050.It also discusses future trends in the burden of lower respiratory infections(LRI)in China under different scenarios.Results According to GBD predictions,the burden of lower respiratory infections in the elderly aged 70 years and above in China is lower than the global average.The burden has been decreasing from 1990 to 2020,but is projected to increase from 2020 to 2050.Scenario-based predictions suggest that,under scenarios involving improvements in nutrition and vaccination,the burden of lower respiratory infections in the elderly in China is expected to be the lowest in 2050.Conclusion This study indicates that the burden of lower respiratory infections in elderly people aged 70 years and above in China remains a significant public health issue and may worsen.The government should consider strengthening the preventive measures and management strategies for respiratory infections in the elderly population.
