The application of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)for collecting and converting waste energy into usable electrical energy has been widely reported.However,their practical application in real-time,self-powered com...The application of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)for collecting and converting waste energy into usable electrical energy has been widely reported.However,their practical application in real-time,self-powered communication systems,particularly for robust information transmission,remains underexplored.To achieve stable self-energy supply information transmission,this study presents a lightweight and flexible single-electrode TENG sensor based on a copper(Cu)foil and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)composite.We systematically studied the stability of the device and found that it could maintain an output voltage of approximately 9 V after being stored at room temperature for 1 month.We also evaluated its power generation capacity,which was demonstrated by successfully lighting up to seven LEDs simultaneously.Additionally,we utilized its unique voltage signal to transmit Morse code and successfully sent the messages“SOS”and“HELLO”over a long distance.Furthermore,a 2×2 TENG array was fabricated and tested,confirming excellent channel independence with minimal crosstalk during simultaneous or selective activation.This work demonstrates that the Cu/PTFE TENG sensor is not only a stable energy harvester but also a viable platform for self-powered communication and distributed sensing and holds promise in applications integrating flexible electronics and the Internet of things.展开更多
We propose the scaling rule of Morse oscillator,based on this rule and by virtue of the Her-mann-Feymann theorem,we respectively obtain the distribution of potential and kinetic ener-gy of the Morse Hamiltonian.Also,w...We propose the scaling rule of Morse oscillator,based on this rule and by virtue of the Her-mann-Feymann theorem,we respectively obtain the distribution of potential and kinetic ener-gy of the Morse Hamiltonian.Also,we derive the exact upper limit of physical energy level.Further,we derive some recursive relations for energy matrix elements of the potential and other similar operators in the context of Morse oscillator theory.展开更多
We explore the gapped graphene structure in the two-dimensional plane in the presence of the Rosen-Morse potential and an external uniform magnetic field.In order to describe the corresponding structure,we consider th...We explore the gapped graphene structure in the two-dimensional plane in the presence of the Rosen-Morse potential and an external uniform magnetic field.In order to describe the corresponding structure,we consider the propagation of electrons in graphene as relativistic fermion quasi-particles,and analyze it by the wave functions of two-component spinors with pseudo-spin symmetry using the Dirac equation.Next,to solve and analyze the Dirac equation,we obtain the eigenvalues and eigenvectors using the Legendre differential equation.After that,we obtain the bounded states of energy depending on the coefficients of Rosen-Morse and magnetic potentials in terms of quantum numbers of principal n and spin-orbit k.Then,the values of the energy spectrum for the ground state and the first excited state are calculated,and the wave functions and the corresponding probabilities are plotted in terms of coordinates r.In what follows,we explore the band structure of gapped graphene by the modified dispersion relation and write it in terms of the two-dimensional wave vectors K_(x) and K_(y).Finally,the energy bands are plotted in terms of the wave vectors K_(x) and K_(y) with and without the magnetic term.展开更多
In the article“Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space”by Mudassir Khalil,Muhammad Imran Sharif,Ahmed Naeem,Muhammad Umar Chaudhry,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Adham E.Ragab C...In the article“Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space”by Mudassir Khalil,Muhammad Imran Sharif,Ahmed Naeem,Muhammad Umar Chaudhry,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Adham E.Ragab Computers,Materials&Continua,2023,Vol.77,No.2,pp.2031–2047.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.043687,URL:https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v77n2/54831,there was an error regarding the affiliation for the author Hafiz Tayyab Rauf.Instead of“Centre for Smart Systems,AI and Cybersecurity,Staffordshire University,Stoke-on-Trent,ST42DE,UK”,the affiliation should be“Independent Researcher,Bradford,BD80HS,UK”.展开更多
A two-stage algorithm based on deep learning for the detection and recognition of can bottom spray codes and numbers is proposed to address the problems of small character areas and fast production line speeds in can ...A two-stage algorithm based on deep learning for the detection and recognition of can bottom spray codes and numbers is proposed to address the problems of small character areas and fast production line speeds in can bottom spray code number recognition.In the coding number detection stage,Differentiable Binarization Network is used as the backbone network,combined with the Attention and Dilation Convolutions Path Aggregation Network feature fusion structure to enhance the model detection effect.In terms of text recognition,using the Scene Visual Text Recognition coding number recognition network for end-to-end training can alleviate the problem of coding recognition errors caused by image color distortion due to variations in lighting and background noise.In addition,model pruning and quantization are used to reduce the number ofmodel parameters to meet deployment requirements in resource-constrained environments.A comparative experiment was conducted using the dataset of tank bottom spray code numbers collected on-site,and a transfer experiment was conducted using the dataset of packaging box production date.The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this study can effectively locate the coding of cans at different positions on the roller conveyor,and can accurately identify the coding numbers at high production line speeds.The Hmean value of the coding number detection is 97.32%,and the accuracy of the coding number recognition is 98.21%.This verifies that the algorithm proposed in this paper has high accuracy in coding number detection and recognition.展开更多
The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary care.During initial resuscitation...The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary care.During initial resuscitation of a patient in the emergency department(ED),Code Crimson activation facilitates rapid decisionmaking by multi-disciplinary specialists for definitive haemorrhage control in operating theatre(OT)and/or interventional radiology(IR)suite.Once this decision has been made,there may still be various factors that lead to delay in transporting the patient from ED to OT/IR.Red Blanket protocol identifies and addresses these factors and processes which cause delay,and aims to facilitate rapid and safe transport of the haemodynamically unstable patient from ED to OT,while minimizing delay in resuscitation during the transfer.The two processes,Code Crimson and Red Blanket,complement each other.It would be ideal to merge the two processes into a single protocol rather than having two separate workflows.Introducing these quality improvement strategies and coor-dinated processes within the trauma framework of the hospitals/healthcare systems will help in further improving the multi-disciplinary care for the complex trauma patients requiring rapid and definitive haemorrhage control.展开更多
Fraction repetition(FR)codes are integral in distributed storage systems(DSS)with exact repair-by-transfer,while pliable fraction repetition codes are vital for DSSs in which both the per-node storage and repetition d...Fraction repetition(FR)codes are integral in distributed storage systems(DSS)with exact repair-by-transfer,while pliable fraction repetition codes are vital for DSSs in which both the per-node storage and repetition degree can easily be adjusted simultaneously.This paper introduces a new type of pliable FR codes,called absolute balanced pliable FR(ABPFR)codes,in which the access balancing in DSS is considered.Additionally,the equivalence between pliable FR codes and resolvable transversal packings in combinatorial design theory is presented.Then constructions of pliable FR codes and ABPFR codes based on resolvable transversal packings are presented.展开更多
Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitat...Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is proposed.The proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar codes.The proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high reliability.Moreover,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is proposed.Finally,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.Compared with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%.展开更多
In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over ...In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over finite chain rings and constant dimension codes over the residue fields.In particular,we prove that an orbit submodule code over a finite chain ring is a constant rank code.Finally,for special finite chain ring F_(q)+γF_(q),we define a Gray mapφfrom(F_(q)+γF_(q))^(n)to F^(2n)_(q),and by using cyclic codes over F_(q)+γF_(q),we obtain a method of constructing an optimum distance constant dimension code over F_(q).展开更多
Neuroscience (also known as neurobiology) is a science that studies the structure, function, development, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system. In recent years, C. Cotardo has introduced coding theory into...Neuroscience (also known as neurobiology) is a science that studies the structure, function, development, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system. In recent years, C. Cotardo has introduced coding theory into neuroscience, proposing the concept of combinatorial neural codes. And it was further studied in depth using algebraic methods by C. Curto. In this paper, we construct a class of combinatorial neural codes with special properties based on classical combinatorial structures such as orthogonal Latin rectangle, disjoint Steiner systems, groupable designs and transversal designs. These neural codes have significant weight distribution properties and large minimum distances, and are thus valuable for potential applications in information representation and neuroscience. This study provides new ideas for the construction method and property analysis of combinatorial neural codes, and enriches the study of algebraic coding theory.展开更多
National Fire codes,mandated by government authorities to tackle technical challenges in fire prevention and control,establish fundamental standards for construction practices.International collaboration in fire prote...National Fire codes,mandated by government authorities to tackle technical challenges in fire prevention and control,establish fundamental standards for construction practices.International collaboration in fire protection technologies has opened avenues for China to access a wealth of documents and codes,which are crucial in crafting regulations and developing a robust,scientific framework for fire code formulation.However,the translation of these codes into Chinese has been inadequate,thereby diminishing the benefits of technological exchange and collaborative learning.This underscores the necessity for comprehensive research into code translation,striving for higher-quality translations guided by established translation theories.In this study,we translated the initial segment of the NFPA 1 Fire Code into Chinese and examined both the source text and target text through the lens of Translation Shift Theory,a concept introduced by Catford.The conclusion culminated in identifying four key shifts across various linguistic levels:lexis,sentences,and groups,to ensure an accurate and precise translation of fire codes.This study offers a through and lucid explanation of how the translator integrates Catford’s theories to solve technical challenges in NFPA 1 Fire Code translation,and establish essential standards for construction translation practices.展开更多
The syndrome a posteriori probability of the log-likelihood ratio of intercepted codewords is used to develop an algorithm that recognizes the polar code length and generator matrix of the underlying polar code.Based ...The syndrome a posteriori probability of the log-likelihood ratio of intercepted codewords is used to develop an algorithm that recognizes the polar code length and generator matrix of the underlying polar code.Based on the encoding structure,three theorems are proved,two related to the relationship between the length and rate of the polar code,and one related to the relationship between frozen-bit positions,information-bit positions,and codewords.With these three theorems,polar codes can be quickly reconstruced.In addition,to detect the dual vectors of codewords,the statistical characteristics of the log-likelihood ratio are analyzed,and then the information-and frozen-bit positions are distinguished based on the minimumerror decision criterion.The bit rate is obtained.The correctness of the theorems and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are validated through simulations.The proposed algorithm exhibits robustness to noise and a reasonable computational complexity.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System,Fudan University(Grant No.2021KF005).
文摘The application of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)for collecting and converting waste energy into usable electrical energy has been widely reported.However,their practical application in real-time,self-powered communication systems,particularly for robust information transmission,remains underexplored.To achieve stable self-energy supply information transmission,this study presents a lightweight and flexible single-electrode TENG sensor based on a copper(Cu)foil and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)composite.We systematically studied the stability of the device and found that it could maintain an output voltage of approximately 9 V after being stored at room temperature for 1 month.We also evaluated its power generation capacity,which was demonstrated by successfully lighting up to seven LEDs simultaneously.Additionally,we utilized its unique voltage signal to transmit Morse code and successfully sent the messages“SOS”and“HELLO”over a long distance.Furthermore,a 2×2 TENG array was fabricated and tested,confirming excellent channel independence with minimal crosstalk during simultaneous or selective activation.This work demonstrates that the Cu/PTFE TENG sensor is not only a stable energy harvester but also a viable platform for self-powered communication and distributed sensing and holds promise in applications integrating flexible electronics and the Internet of things.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10874174)。
文摘We propose the scaling rule of Morse oscillator,based on this rule and by virtue of the Her-mann-Feymann theorem,we respectively obtain the distribution of potential and kinetic ener-gy of the Morse Hamiltonian.Also,we derive the exact upper limit of physical energy level.Further,we derive some recursive relations for energy matrix elements of the potential and other similar operators in the context of Morse oscillator theory.
文摘We explore the gapped graphene structure in the two-dimensional plane in the presence of the Rosen-Morse potential and an external uniform magnetic field.In order to describe the corresponding structure,we consider the propagation of electrons in graphene as relativistic fermion quasi-particles,and analyze it by the wave functions of two-component spinors with pseudo-spin symmetry using the Dirac equation.Next,to solve and analyze the Dirac equation,we obtain the eigenvalues and eigenvectors using the Legendre differential equation.After that,we obtain the bounded states of energy depending on the coefficients of Rosen-Morse and magnetic potentials in terms of quantum numbers of principal n and spin-orbit k.Then,the values of the energy spectrum for the ground state and the first excited state are calculated,and the wave functions and the corresponding probabilities are plotted in terms of coordinates r.In what follows,we explore the band structure of gapped graphene by the modified dispersion relation and write it in terms of the two-dimensional wave vectors K_(x) and K_(y).Finally,the energy bands are plotted in terms of the wave vectors K_(x) and K_(y) with and without the magnetic term.
文摘In the article“Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space”by Mudassir Khalil,Muhammad Imran Sharif,Ahmed Naeem,Muhammad Umar Chaudhry,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Adham E.Ragab Computers,Materials&Continua,2023,Vol.77,No.2,pp.2031–2047.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.043687,URL:https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v77n2/54831,there was an error regarding the affiliation for the author Hafiz Tayyab Rauf.Instead of“Centre for Smart Systems,AI and Cybersecurity,Staffordshire University,Stoke-on-Trent,ST42DE,UK”,the affiliation should be“Independent Researcher,Bradford,BD80HS,UK”.
文摘A two-stage algorithm based on deep learning for the detection and recognition of can bottom spray codes and numbers is proposed to address the problems of small character areas and fast production line speeds in can bottom spray code number recognition.In the coding number detection stage,Differentiable Binarization Network is used as the backbone network,combined with the Attention and Dilation Convolutions Path Aggregation Network feature fusion structure to enhance the model detection effect.In terms of text recognition,using the Scene Visual Text Recognition coding number recognition network for end-to-end training can alleviate the problem of coding recognition errors caused by image color distortion due to variations in lighting and background noise.In addition,model pruning and quantization are used to reduce the number ofmodel parameters to meet deployment requirements in resource-constrained environments.A comparative experiment was conducted using the dataset of tank bottom spray code numbers collected on-site,and a transfer experiment was conducted using the dataset of packaging box production date.The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this study can effectively locate the coding of cans at different positions on the roller conveyor,and can accurately identify the coding numbers at high production line speeds.The Hmean value of the coding number detection is 97.32%,and the accuracy of the coding number recognition is 98.21%.This verifies that the algorithm proposed in this paper has high accuracy in coding number detection and recognition.
文摘The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary care.During initial resuscitation of a patient in the emergency department(ED),Code Crimson activation facilitates rapid decisionmaking by multi-disciplinary specialists for definitive haemorrhage control in operating theatre(OT)and/or interventional radiology(IR)suite.Once this decision has been made,there may still be various factors that lead to delay in transporting the patient from ED to OT/IR.Red Blanket protocol identifies and addresses these factors and processes which cause delay,and aims to facilitate rapid and safe transport of the haemodynamically unstable patient from ED to OT,while minimizing delay in resuscitation during the transfer.The two processes,Code Crimson and Red Blanket,complement each other.It would be ideal to merge the two processes into a single protocol rather than having two separate workflows.Introducing these quality improvement strategies and coor-dinated processes within the trauma framework of the hospitals/healthcare systems will help in further improving the multi-disciplinary care for the complex trauma patients requiring rapid and definitive haemorrhage control.
基金Supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0712300)NSFC(No.61872353)。
文摘Fraction repetition(FR)codes are integral in distributed storage systems(DSS)with exact repair-by-transfer,while pliable fraction repetition codes are vital for DSSs in which both the per-node storage and repetition degree can easily be adjusted simultaneously.This paper introduces a new type of pliable FR codes,called absolute balanced pliable FR(ABPFR)codes,in which the access balancing in DSS is considered.Additionally,the equivalence between pliable FR codes and resolvable transversal packings in combinatorial design theory is presented.Then constructions of pliable FR codes and ABPFR codes based on resolvable transversal packings are presented.
基金supported by the External Cooperation Program of Science and Technology of Fujian Province,China(2024I0016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZQN-1005).
文摘Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is proposed.The proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar codes.The proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high reliability.Moreover,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is proposed.Finally,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.Compared with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%.
基金Supported by Research Funds of Hubei Province(D20144401,Q20174503)。
文摘In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over finite chain rings and constant dimension codes over the residue fields.In particular,we prove that an orbit submodule code over a finite chain ring is a constant rank code.Finally,for special finite chain ring F_(q)+γF_(q),we define a Gray mapφfrom(F_(q)+γF_(q))^(n)to F^(2n)_(q),and by using cyclic codes over F_(q)+γF_(q),we obtain a method of constructing an optimum distance constant dimension code over F_(q).
文摘Neuroscience (also known as neurobiology) is a science that studies the structure, function, development, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system. In recent years, C. Cotardo has introduced coding theory into neuroscience, proposing the concept of combinatorial neural codes. And it was further studied in depth using algebraic methods by C. Curto. In this paper, we construct a class of combinatorial neural codes with special properties based on classical combinatorial structures such as orthogonal Latin rectangle, disjoint Steiner systems, groupable designs and transversal designs. These neural codes have significant weight distribution properties and large minimum distances, and are thus valuable for potential applications in information representation and neuroscience. This study provides new ideas for the construction method and property analysis of combinatorial neural codes, and enriches the study of algebraic coding theory.
基金Hangzhou Philosophy and Social Science Planning Program(24JD15)。
文摘National Fire codes,mandated by government authorities to tackle technical challenges in fire prevention and control,establish fundamental standards for construction practices.International collaboration in fire protection technologies has opened avenues for China to access a wealth of documents and codes,which are crucial in crafting regulations and developing a robust,scientific framework for fire code formulation.However,the translation of these codes into Chinese has been inadequate,thereby diminishing the benefits of technological exchange and collaborative learning.This underscores the necessity for comprehensive research into code translation,striving for higher-quality translations guided by established translation theories.In this study,we translated the initial segment of the NFPA 1 Fire Code into Chinese and examined both the source text and target text through the lens of Translation Shift Theory,a concept introduced by Catford.The conclusion culminated in identifying four key shifts across various linguistic levels:lexis,sentences,and groups,to ensure an accurate and precise translation of fire codes.This study offers a through and lucid explanation of how the translator integrates Catford’s theories to solve technical challenges in NFPA 1 Fire Code translation,and establish essential standards for construction translation practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62371465)Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(ts201511020)the Chinese National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Information System Security(6142111190404).
文摘The syndrome a posteriori probability of the log-likelihood ratio of intercepted codewords is used to develop an algorithm that recognizes the polar code length and generator matrix of the underlying polar code.Based on the encoding structure,three theorems are proved,two related to the relationship between the length and rate of the polar code,and one related to the relationship between frozen-bit positions,information-bit positions,and codewords.With these three theorems,polar codes can be quickly reconstruced.In addition,to detect the dual vectors of codewords,the statistical characteristics of the log-likelihood ratio are analyzed,and then the information-and frozen-bit positions are distinguished based on the minimumerror decision criterion.The bit rate is obtained.The correctness of the theorems and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are validated through simulations.The proposed algorithm exhibits robustness to noise and a reasonable computational complexity.
