At the beginning of the twentieth century,artificial stones became commonly used as structural building materials,masonry materials,and architectural decorative elements.The main purpose of this work was to characteri...At the beginning of the twentieth century,artificial stones became commonly used as structural building materials,masonry materials,and architectural decorative elements.The main purpose of this work was to characterize the building materials used in a historical building in Codigoro,a small town near Ferrara,northeastern Italy.This building was constructed according to the Italian rationalist rules for monumental architecture and is an example of the rationalist architecture found in rural villages,which uses innovative materials and decorations including artificial stone.The samples analyzed in this work were imitation natural stone,such as“fake travertine”and“fake Ceppo di Grè”,composed of reinforced concrete slabs coated with white mortar.Asbestos minerals have been observed in the fillers in these materials.Petrographic,mineralogical,and chemical characterization of samples of artificial stones and concrete was performed with optical transmitted light microscopy,scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction analyses.The results revealed chemical and biological degradation in almost all the artificial stones examined and enabled identification of the presence of calcite,iron oxychloride complexes,and asbestos lizardites used as fillers in two of the analyzed samples.This study aimed to describe a general investigation methodology used to examine the artificial stone façades of the Ex Casa del Fascio of Codigoro,whose architecture is particularly representative of the rationalist architecture in rural villages.The results highlight the relevance of compatible and suitable conservation measures that should be monitored during all restoration interventions to minimize post-degradation fracturing and transformation into elements harmful to human health and the environment.展开更多
A new method to visualize the large-scale crystal grain morphology of organic polycrystalline films is proposed. First,optical anisotropic transmittance images of polycrystalline zinc phthalocyanine（Zn Pc） films vac...A new method to visualize the large-scale crystal grain morphology of organic polycrystalline films is proposed. First,optical anisotropic transmittance images of polycrystalline zinc phthalocyanine（Zn Pc） films vacuum deposited by weak epitaxial growth（WEG） method were acquired with polarized optical microscopy（POM）. Then morphology properties including crystal grain size, distribution, relative orientation, and crystallinity were derived from these images by fitting with a transition dipole model. At last, atomic force microscopy（AFM） imaging was carried out to confirm the fitting and serve as absolute references. This method can be readily generalized to other organic polycrystalline films, thus providing an efficient way to access the large-scale morphologic properties of organic polycrystalline films, which may prove to be useful in industry as a film quality monitoring method.展开更多
Several biometric measures were taken from 48 adult （mean age 2.78 ±1.71 years） Basset Hound dogs （24 males and 24 females） belonging to four different farms. For each animal, the following biometrical measur...Several biometric measures were taken from 48 adult （mean age 2.78 ±1.71 years） Basset Hound dogs （24 males and 24 females） belonging to four different farms. For each animal, the following biometrical measurements were considered： withers height, chest height, chest depth, trunk length, rump length, ischium width of the rump, ear and nose length, chest and cannon circumference. Results showed that sexual dimorphism was not present; however two morphological groups of Basset Hound with some differences were found. The first group consisted of animals with high and broad chest, while the second one was more compact, with more pronounced nose and ears. Considering breed health, it would be interesting to select the subjects of the first group since showing an anatomical less susceptible to some conformational disorders typical of the breed. On the contrary, focusing our interest on the breed hunting attitude, the second group would have some characteristics more suitable for this purpose.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the e...Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone(PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin(PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown(PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine(PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown(PMU) type, perilla ketone, elemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene(PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, betacryophyllene, myristicin(L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion:The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.展开更多
Eighteen isolates of Rhizoctonia solani collected from infected rice plants in four different locations of Bangladesh were studied by using morphological characters and molecular markers. Anastomosis study with a refe...Eighteen isolates of Rhizoctonia solani collected from infected rice plants in four different locations of Bangladesh were studied by using morphological characters and molecular markers. Anastomosis study with a reference isolate confirmed that all the isolates belonged to R. solani. Significant variation was observed in sclerotial size, shape and distribution. Un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram constructed based on the Gower＇s general similarity coefficient showed that these isolates were grouped into four clusters at the 0.68 similarity coefficent according to morphological characters. Cluster I was a major cluster consisting of 13 isolates, while clusters Ⅱ to Ⅳ consisted of 1 or 2 isolates. Analyses by variable number of tandem repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers showed that the isolates were grouped into five and three clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.64 and 0.69, respectively. Although most of the variability was found between isolates from different regions as expected, significant variation was observed within the isolates collected from similar agro-ecological regions. Our results suggest the presence of different races of R. solani within the same local geographic regions.展开更多
The pit morphology and growth kinetics of commercially pure aluminium in naturally aerated NaCl solutions were studied using an image processing method based on reflected light microscopy. In order to distinguish betw...The pit morphology and growth kinetics of commercially pure aluminium in naturally aerated NaCl solutions were studied using an image processing method based on reflected light microscopy. In order to distinguish between pits and pre-existing cavities, metallographic examination and statistical analysis were carried out before and after corrosion testing. The results show that the pit shapes and sizes are more dependent on the immersion time than the chloride concentration. Pits are predominantly hemispherical, but they undergo reasonable geometric transitions associated with increased immersion time and occur without significant depth variation. The role of chloride ions is more closely associated with the pit nucleation phenomenon.展开更多
Several hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization in an aqueous medium based on potato starch(PS),poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),and N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide(MBAm),being possible to study these hydrogels...Several hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization in an aqueous medium based on potato starch(PS),poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),and N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide(MBAm),being possible to study these hydrogels as a function of the proportion of components incorporated.In this way,the products generated from the synthesis were characterized by swelling and deswelling kinetics,the first swelling being verified with Schott and statistical models,allowing to contrast the proximity between the experimental and theoretical behavior.Additionally,water retention in soil(R%),spectroscopy(FTIR),morphological(SEM),and thermal(TGA and DSC)analysis allowing to know the intrinsic characteristics of the material,increasing in general terms the knowledge of this type of material.In this context,it was possible to verify the characteristics and effectiveness of the synthesis and crosslinking of the main components.The experimental results obtained show that the synthesized hydrogels present representative swellings consistent with kinetic and statistical models,optimal thermal stability depending on the amount of crosslinker,and excellent water retention in environments such as soil,presenting it as an excellent alternative to be used in agro-industrial applications in an eco-friendly way.展开更多
The aim of this research was to assess the diversity of the Cameroon cotton zone in soybean associated rhizobia in order to formulate the most efficient elite inoculant to boost both the cotton and soybean production....The aim of this research was to assess the diversity of the Cameroon cotton zone in soybean associated rhizobia in order to formulate the most efficient elite inoculant to boost both the cotton and soybean production. Therefore, soybean associated rhizobia were isolated and characterized morphologically, physiologically and biochemically on YEMA culture media. For each of the two soybean varieties (Houla1 and TGX1910 14F) used, the trials were laid out in two IRAD-fields of North Cameroon (Sanguere-Paul) and Far-North (Soukoundou) respectively, under a complete randomized complete block design, the isolate formulations representing the treatments. The six isolated strains (IS1, IS2, IS3, IS4, IS5, IS6) from which seven liquid inoculant were formulated were revealed to belong to the same slow growing group of rhizobia, with a high level of tolerance to temperature, pH, and salinity, with optimum growth at respectively 28˚C, pH (7 - 9), salt (1% - 5%). Not surprisingly, root nodules were formed by both inoculated and uninoculated soybean plants. However, the most efficient soybean-rhizobia symbiosis for nodulations were isolate IS6 associated to TGX1910 14F variety, and isolate IS5 associated to Houla1variety at Sanguere-Paul. Whereas isolate M was associated to TGX1910 14F variety, Houla 1 variety had affinity with native rhizobia isolates at Soukoundou. The present results suggest the adaptability of rhizobia isolates to a particular soybean variety at a particular cotton fields zone. These findings should be taken into consideration for commercial inoculant formulation.展开更多
Crocidolite,amosite,anthophyllite,tremolite,actinolite besides the chrysotile serpentine polymorph fall within the classification of asbestos,whose commercial use is banned,and environmental and human exposure levels ...Crocidolite,amosite,anthophyllite,tremolite,actinolite besides the chrysotile serpentine polymorph fall within the classification of asbestos,whose commercial use is banned,and environmental and human exposure levels regulated.However,the cited amphibole species can crystallise in asbestiform or non-asbestiform habit and therefore their morphological characterization has a key role in assessing a reliable asbestos hazard scenario.Furthermore,when a mechanical stress is applied to rocks containing pristine prismatic or acicular amphiboles,these phases can break,originating particles with dimensions and geometrical ratios that would label them as asbestos.Therefore,a normative and scientific crucial gap arise in the classification criteria of a particle as a real asbestiform mineral or as a cleavage fragment(i.e.non-asbestos).The mode of comminution is fundamental for the following quantitative determination of fibres.It is critical because it can affect the morphology and geometric ratios of fibres,inducing positive or negative falses.In this framework,our work was focused on the Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spettroscopy(SEM-EDS)analysis of amphiboles with asbestiform and non-asbestiform habit,subject to mechanical stress for three different time intervals,in order to assess how different time lengths of comminution control geometry and morphology of the particles.展开更多
Investigation into the paternity of four abaca （Musa textilis L, Nee） hybrids was done to ascertain the mode of transmission of selected morpho-agronomic traits and to detect possible heterosis. In situ morphologica...Investigation into the paternity of four abaca （Musa textilis L, Nee） hybrids was done to ascertain the mode of transmission of selected morpho-agronomic traits and to detect possible heterosis. In situ morphological characterization was undertaken using twenty five qualitative and six quantitative characters. Results revealed that a great majority of the qualitative traits were shared by both parents and their hybrids. For the rest, the qualitative traits were inherited from one or the other parent though some variant phenotypes （i.e. chimerism） were also noted in the hybrids. Cases ofheterosis were also observed and this could be exploited to increase fiber yield in the hybrids. Though inconclusive due to factors such as the heterogenous nature of abaca plants in the field and the susceptibility of morphological traits to environmental fluctuations, this study has provided baseline information on abaca hybridity that can be verified using more robust technologies as molecular markers.展开更多
A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extr...A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extract the evaluation indicators,the 3D profile data obtained by pitting morphology measurement are imported into a special written program to automatically determine the location of each corrosion pit and distill any desired data pertinent to the pitting morphology. The results show that this method seems to be effective to analyze the corroded surface and characterize the pitting morphology.展开更多
In the case of braking,a diversity of friction mechanisms occurs at the interface,caused by the heterogeneity of the composition,properties,and thermal phenomena.After friction,the obtained surfaces of the brake linin...In the case of braking,a diversity of friction mechanisms occurs at the interface,caused by the heterogeneity of the composition,properties,and thermal phenomena.After friction,the obtained surfaces of the brake lining materials are highly heterogeneous.Load-bearing plates which are also called contact plateaus are formed with a compacted third body and constitute the sites of energy dissipation and sliding velocity accommodation.Their arrangement and preferential localizations in the contact constitute a key factor for the understanding of frictioninduced phenomena and braking performance.Within this framework,a morphological characterization method has been set up based on several measurement techniques to explore the macroscopic and microscopic contact situation of the pad-disc system.The results show that exploiting Abbott curve parameters combined with roughness parameters is an effective way to give a detailed and comprehensive morphological description of the brake pad friction surface.It can be seen that the contact plateaus have preferential locations which give a particular load-bearing arrangement in the pad-disc interface which can be explained by friction and wear mechanisms.Results reveal also the main encountered difficulties,especially regarding the significance of scales and parameters describing the morphology of the friction material surface and the load-bearing plates disposition.展开更多
The sheep populations were studied with Q-type Hierarchical Clustering Method, and characters of the populations were used to construct the principal component, then, the principal component values were analyzed with ...The sheep populations were studied with Q-type Hierarchical Clustering Method, and characters of the populations were used to construct the principal component, then, the principal component values were analyzed with R-type Hierarchical Clustering Method, which might display the genetic differentiation among populations and conform to the result of the known sheep phylogenetic system in China. Characters of the populations were studied with Q-type Hierarchical Clustering Method. The elevation and average annual rainfall were found to be important characters. The ecology factor is also an important character for the breed classification.展开更多
The morphology of graded crushed stone(GCS)particles has an essential influence on the performance of aggregate mixtures.The impact of particle shape is a comprehensive effect that cannot be considered separately,lead...The morphology of graded crushed stone(GCS)particles has an essential influence on the performance of aggregate mixtures.The impact of particle shape is a comprehensive effect that cannot be considered separately,leading to difficulties in establishing the relationship between the mixture properties and the aggregate morphology by using laboratory methods.The discrete element method(DEM)is an effective way widely adopted to reconstruct the morphology of particles and simulate performance tests of granular materials.However,selecting limited particles characterizing a real particle-assembly for simulation is still a challenge in current research due to the inherent rich variability of particle shapes.In this study,based on the acquisition of three-dimensional(3D)aggregate shapes by using laser scanning,ellipsoid index(EDI)translating the particle shape as a function of surface area,volume,and contour length is proposed to comprehensively evaluate aggregate morphology.Further,a particle library capable of characterizing aggregate morphology distribution is established based on the statistics of the corresponding morphological characteristics of particle samples.The model reliability is validated by carrying out a series of experimental and numerical penetration tests with nine different gradations.The established particle library can be used to model aggregate mixtures and the proposed simulation framework is promising for optimizing the mixture gradation design numerically.展开更多
Botanical morphological characteristics of Physalis alkekengi L.is first introduced,and its medicinal and edible value is elaborated.Cultivation techniques of P.alkekengi L.are mainly introduced.The research aims to p...Botanical morphological characteristics of Physalis alkekengi L.is first introduced,and its medicinal and edible value is elaborated.Cultivation techniques of P.alkekengi L.are mainly introduced.The research aims to provide a certain basis for the better development and application of P.alkekengi L.展开更多
Japanese butterfly ray Gymnura japonica from twinspot butterfly ray G. bimaculata based on a pair of white spots behind eyes or not, which was not reliable. To clarify the taxonomic status of G. japonica and G. bimacu...Japanese butterfly ray Gymnura japonica from twinspot butterfly ray G. bimaculata based on a pair of white spots behind eyes or not, which was not reliable. To clarify the taxonomic status of G. japonica and G. bimaculata, the nucleotide variation between the two butterfly rays was examined using mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons. Approximately 585 bp of 16S ribosomal RNA （rRNA） and 1,128 bp cytochrome b （cyt b） genes were sequenced from representatives of two butterfly rays species in East China Sea. The results showed that there were the same sequences of 16S rRNA gene between two butterfly rays; six sites were variable among two butterfly rays of cyt b genes, the proportion of polymorphie loci was 0.53%, and two haplotypes were defined which genetic distance was 0.5%. Combined with the morphological character and the analysis of mtDNA sequence indicated that twinspot butterfly ray G. bimaculata was a synonym of Japanese butterfly ray G. japonica.展开更多
文摘At the beginning of the twentieth century,artificial stones became commonly used as structural building materials,masonry materials,and architectural decorative elements.The main purpose of this work was to characterize the building materials used in a historical building in Codigoro,a small town near Ferrara,northeastern Italy.This building was constructed according to the Italian rationalist rules for monumental architecture and is an example of the rationalist architecture found in rural villages,which uses innovative materials and decorations including artificial stone.The samples analyzed in this work were imitation natural stone,such as“fake travertine”and“fake Ceppo di Grè”,composed of reinforced concrete slabs coated with white mortar.Asbestos minerals have been observed in the fillers in these materials.Petrographic,mineralogical,and chemical characterization of samples of artificial stones and concrete was performed with optical transmitted light microscopy,scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction analyses.The results revealed chemical and biological degradation in almost all the artificial stones examined and enabled identification of the presence of calcite,iron oxychloride complexes,and asbestos lizardites used as fillers in two of the analyzed samples.This study aimed to describe a general investigation methodology used to examine the artificial stone façades of the Ex Casa del Fascio of Codigoro,whose architecture is particularly representative of the rationalist architecture in rural villages.The results highlight the relevance of compatible and suitable conservation measures that should be monitored during all restoration interventions to minimize post-degradation fracturing and transformation into elements harmful to human health and the environment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20933010)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB834800)
文摘A new method to visualize the large-scale crystal grain morphology of organic polycrystalline films is proposed. First,optical anisotropic transmittance images of polycrystalline zinc phthalocyanine（Zn Pc） films vacuum deposited by weak epitaxial growth（WEG） method were acquired with polarized optical microscopy（POM）. Then morphology properties including crystal grain size, distribution, relative orientation, and crystallinity were derived from these images by fitting with a transition dipole model. At last, atomic force microscopy（AFM） imaging was carried out to confirm the fitting and serve as absolute references. This method can be readily generalized to other organic polycrystalline films, thus providing an efficient way to access the large-scale morphologic properties of organic polycrystalline films, which may prove to be useful in industry as a film quality monitoring method.
文摘Several biometric measures were taken from 48 adult （mean age 2.78 ±1.71 years） Basset Hound dogs （24 males and 24 females） belonging to four different farms. For each animal, the following biometrical measurements were considered： withers height, chest height, chest depth, trunk length, rump length, ischium width of the rump, ear and nose length, chest and cannon circumference. Results showed that sexual dimorphism was not present; however two morphological groups of Basset Hound with some differences were found. The first group consisted of animals with high and broad chest, while the second one was more compact, with more pronounced nose and ears. Considering breed health, it would be interesting to select the subjects of the first group since showing an anatomical less susceptible to some conformational disorders typical of the breed. On the contrary, focusing our interest on the breed hunting attitude, the second group would have some characteristics more suitable for this purpose.
基金supported by funding from the Konkuk University Brain Pool
文摘Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone(PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin(PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown(PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine(PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown(PMU) type, perilla ketone, elemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene(PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, betacryophyllene, myristicin(L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion:The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.
基金funded by the National Science and Information and Communication Technology fellowship and research grant of Ministry of Science,Information and Communication Technology,Bangladesh
文摘Eighteen isolates of Rhizoctonia solani collected from infected rice plants in four different locations of Bangladesh were studied by using morphological characters and molecular markers. Anastomosis study with a reference isolate confirmed that all the isolates belonged to R. solani. Significant variation was observed in sclerotial size, shape and distribution. Un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram constructed based on the Gower＇s general similarity coefficient showed that these isolates were grouped into four clusters at the 0.68 similarity coefficent according to morphological characters. Cluster I was a major cluster consisting of 13 isolates, while clusters Ⅱ to Ⅳ consisted of 1 or 2 isolates. Analyses by variable number of tandem repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers showed that the isolates were grouped into five and three clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.64 and 0.69, respectively. Although most of the variability was found between isolates from different regions as expected, significant variation was observed within the isolates collected from similar agro-ecological regions. Our results suggest the presence of different races of R. solani within the same local geographic regions.
基金This research was supported by FUNDUNESP(process 01258/2008 and 00601/2011-DFP)CNPq(processes 305224/2004-2 and 307271/2007-2).
文摘The pit morphology and growth kinetics of commercially pure aluminium in naturally aerated NaCl solutions were studied using an image processing method based on reflected light microscopy. In order to distinguish between pits and pre-existing cavities, metallographic examination and statistical analysis were carried out before and after corrosion testing. The results show that the pit shapes and sizes are more dependent on the immersion time than the chloride concentration. Pits are predominantly hemispherical, but they undergo reasonable geometric transitions associated with increased immersion time and occur without significant depth variation. The role of chloride ions is more closely associated with the pit nucleation phenomenon.
基金Concytec-Peru and the World Bank for the financial support of this project under the call“Mejoramiento y Ampliación de los Servicios del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica”8682-PE,through Fondecyt Grant 017-2019 FONDECYT BM INC.INV.
文摘Several hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization in an aqueous medium based on potato starch(PS),poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),and N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide(MBAm),being possible to study these hydrogels as a function of the proportion of components incorporated.In this way,the products generated from the synthesis were characterized by swelling and deswelling kinetics,the first swelling being verified with Schott and statistical models,allowing to contrast the proximity between the experimental and theoretical behavior.Additionally,water retention in soil(R%),spectroscopy(FTIR),morphological(SEM),and thermal(TGA and DSC)analysis allowing to know the intrinsic characteristics of the material,increasing in general terms the knowledge of this type of material.In this context,it was possible to verify the characteristics and effectiveness of the synthesis and crosslinking of the main components.The experimental results obtained show that the synthesized hydrogels present representative swellings consistent with kinetic and statistical models,optimal thermal stability depending on the amount of crosslinker,and excellent water retention in environments such as soil,presenting it as an excellent alternative to be used in agro-industrial applications in an eco-friendly way.
文摘The aim of this research was to assess the diversity of the Cameroon cotton zone in soybean associated rhizobia in order to formulate the most efficient elite inoculant to boost both the cotton and soybean production. Therefore, soybean associated rhizobia were isolated and characterized morphologically, physiologically and biochemically on YEMA culture media. For each of the two soybean varieties (Houla1 and TGX1910 14F) used, the trials were laid out in two IRAD-fields of North Cameroon (Sanguere-Paul) and Far-North (Soukoundou) respectively, under a complete randomized complete block design, the isolate formulations representing the treatments. The six isolated strains (IS1, IS2, IS3, IS4, IS5, IS6) from which seven liquid inoculant were formulated were revealed to belong to the same slow growing group of rhizobia, with a high level of tolerance to temperature, pH, and salinity, with optimum growth at respectively 28˚C, pH (7 - 9), salt (1% - 5%). Not surprisingly, root nodules were formed by both inoculated and uninoculated soybean plants. However, the most efficient soybean-rhizobia symbiosis for nodulations were isolate IS6 associated to TGX1910 14F variety, and isolate IS5 associated to Houla1variety at Sanguere-Paul. Whereas isolate M was associated to TGX1910 14F variety, Houla 1 variety had affinity with native rhizobia isolates at Soukoundou. The present results suggest the adaptability of rhizobia isolates to a particular soybean variety at a particular cotton fields zone. These findings should be taken into consideration for commercial inoculant formulation.
基金financial support of the Analisi delle proprietàmicrostrutturali,chimico-fisiche di materiali inorganicideterminazioni quantitative della composizione mineralogica di materiali naturali e delle proprietàtecniche dei materiali litici Laboratory funds,DISTAV,University of Genoa.
文摘Crocidolite,amosite,anthophyllite,tremolite,actinolite besides the chrysotile serpentine polymorph fall within the classification of asbestos,whose commercial use is banned,and environmental and human exposure levels regulated.However,the cited amphibole species can crystallise in asbestiform or non-asbestiform habit and therefore their morphological characterization has a key role in assessing a reliable asbestos hazard scenario.Furthermore,when a mechanical stress is applied to rocks containing pristine prismatic or acicular amphiboles,these phases can break,originating particles with dimensions and geometrical ratios that would label them as asbestos.Therefore,a normative and scientific crucial gap arise in the classification criteria of a particle as a real asbestiform mineral or as a cleavage fragment(i.e.non-asbestos).The mode of comminution is fundamental for the following quantitative determination of fibres.It is critical because it can affect the morphology and geometric ratios of fibres,inducing positive or negative falses.In this framework,our work was focused on the Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spettroscopy(SEM-EDS)analysis of amphiboles with asbestiform and non-asbestiform habit,subject to mechanical stress for three different time intervals,in order to assess how different time lengths of comminution control geometry and morphology of the particles.
文摘Investigation into the paternity of four abaca （Musa textilis L, Nee） hybrids was done to ascertain the mode of transmission of selected morpho-agronomic traits and to detect possible heterosis. In situ morphological characterization was undertaken using twenty five qualitative and six quantitative characters. Results revealed that a great majority of the qualitative traits were shared by both parents and their hybrids. For the rest, the qualitative traits were inherited from one or the other parent though some variant phenotypes （i.e. chimerism） were also noted in the hybrids. Cases ofheterosis were also observed and this could be exploited to increase fiber yield in the hybrids. Though inconclusive due to factors such as the heterogenous nature of abaca plants in the field and the susceptibility of morphological traits to environmental fluctuations, this study has provided baseline information on abaca hybridity that can be verified using more robust technologies as molecular markers.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51378417)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT13089)PhD Innovation Fund of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
文摘A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extract the evaluation indicators,the 3D profile data obtained by pitting morphology measurement are imported into a special written program to automatically determine the location of each corrosion pit and distill any desired data pertinent to the pitting morphology. The results show that this method seems to be effective to analyze the corroded surface and characterize the pitting morphology.
文摘In the case of braking,a diversity of friction mechanisms occurs at the interface,caused by the heterogeneity of the composition,properties,and thermal phenomena.After friction,the obtained surfaces of the brake lining materials are highly heterogeneous.Load-bearing plates which are also called contact plateaus are formed with a compacted third body and constitute the sites of energy dissipation and sliding velocity accommodation.Their arrangement and preferential localizations in the contact constitute a key factor for the understanding of frictioninduced phenomena and braking performance.Within this framework,a morphological characterization method has been set up based on several measurement techniques to explore the macroscopic and microscopic contact situation of the pad-disc system.The results show that exploiting Abbott curve parameters combined with roughness parameters is an effective way to give a detailed and comprehensive morphological description of the brake pad friction surface.It can be seen that the contact plateaus have preferential locations which give a particular load-bearing arrangement in the pad-disc interface which can be explained by friction and wear mechanisms.Results reveal also the main encountered difficulties,especially regarding the significance of scales and parameters describing the morphology of the friction material surface and the load-bearing plates disposition.
基金supported by International Cooperative Item of the Nationa1 Natura1 Science Foundation of China(30310103007).
文摘The sheep populations were studied with Q-type Hierarchical Clustering Method, and characters of the populations were used to construct the principal component, then, the principal component values were analyzed with R-type Hierarchical Clustering Method, which might display the genetic differentiation among populations and conform to the result of the known sheep phylogenetic system in China. Characters of the populations were studied with Q-type Hierarchical Clustering Method. The elevation and average annual rainfall were found to be important characters. The ecology factor is also an important character for the breed classification.
基金supported by Shandong Hi-speed Group Co.,Ltd.Maintenance Technology Project(grant no.2017B61)National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.52108393)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(no.300102211307)China Scholarship Council(no.201806560055).
文摘The morphology of graded crushed stone(GCS)particles has an essential influence on the performance of aggregate mixtures.The impact of particle shape is a comprehensive effect that cannot be considered separately,leading to difficulties in establishing the relationship between the mixture properties and the aggregate morphology by using laboratory methods.The discrete element method(DEM)is an effective way widely adopted to reconstruct the morphology of particles and simulate performance tests of granular materials.However,selecting limited particles characterizing a real particle-assembly for simulation is still a challenge in current research due to the inherent rich variability of particle shapes.In this study,based on the acquisition of three-dimensional(3D)aggregate shapes by using laser scanning,ellipsoid index(EDI)translating the particle shape as a function of surface area,volume,and contour length is proposed to comprehensively evaluate aggregate morphology.Further,a particle library capable of characterizing aggregate morphology distribution is established based on the statistics of the corresponding morphological characteristics of particle samples.The model reliability is validated by carrying out a series of experimental and numerical penetration tests with nine different gradations.The established particle library can be used to model aggregate mixtures and the proposed simulation framework is promising for optimizing the mixture gradation design numerically.
文摘Botanical morphological characteristics of Physalis alkekengi L.is first introduced,and its medicinal and edible value is elaborated.Cultivation techniques of P.alkekengi L.are mainly introduced.The research aims to provide a certain basis for the better development and application of P.alkekengi L.
文摘Japanese butterfly ray Gymnura japonica from twinspot butterfly ray G. bimaculata based on a pair of white spots behind eyes or not, which was not reliable. To clarify the taxonomic status of G. japonica and G. bimaculata, the nucleotide variation between the two butterfly rays was examined using mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons. Approximately 585 bp of 16S ribosomal RNA （rRNA） and 1,128 bp cytochrome b （cyt b） genes were sequenced from representatives of two butterfly rays species in East China Sea. The results showed that there were the same sequences of 16S rRNA gene between two butterfly rays; six sites were variable among two butterfly rays of cyt b genes, the proportion of polymorphie loci was 0.53%, and two haplotypes were defined which genetic distance was 0.5%. Combined with the morphological character and the analysis of mtDNA sequence indicated that twinspot butterfly ray G. bimaculata was a synonym of Japanese butterfly ray G. japonica.
