Improving the comprehensive performance of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)has a decisive impact on the wide application of anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs).Herein,we prepared a series of new poly(phenanthrene...Improving the comprehensive performance of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)has a decisive impact on the wide application of anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs).Herein,we prepared a series of new poly(phenanthrene-co-p-terphenyl piperidinium)(PPTP3F_(x)-DIL)AEMs with different fluorinated monomers for high performance AEMFCs.The polymerization of fluorinated monomers with other aryl monomers can effectively promote the separation of microphase in the membrane.It also has a high OH-conductivity at a low swelling.The membrane(PPTP3F_(4)-DIL)prepared by polycondensation of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(p-tolyl)ethan 1-one monomer achieves a high conductivity of 168.5 mS cm^(-1)at 80℃.At the same time,the water uptake is 40.0%and the swelling ratio is 12.1%.In addition,these membranes also have good mechanical properties and alkaline stability.After 1440 h of treatment in a NaOH(2 M)solution at 80℃,PPTP3F_(x)-DIL still maintains excellent tensile strength(>30.3 MPa)and elongation at break(>43.4%),and the conductivity retention of the PPTP3F_(1)-DIL membrane is 90.3%.The PPTP3F_(4)-DIL-based single cell exhibits a high peak power density(918.1 mW cm^(-2))and excellent durability(100 h)at 80℃.Therefore,these PPTP3F_(x)-DIL membranes have a wide range of applications in AEMFCs.展开更多
Electrocatalysis offers efficient and targeted conversion of monomers derived from waste polyester plastics to chemical products under ambient temperature and pressure conditions.This review provides analysis of resea...Electrocatalysis offers efficient and targeted conversion of monomers derived from waste polyester plastics to chemical products under ambient temperature and pressure conditions.This review provides analysis of research on electrochemical upgrading of monomers derived from waste polyester plastics published from2021 to present.Factors for assessing upgrading of waste polyester plastics include alkaline hydrolysis pretreatment,indices of electrochemical reaction process(activity,stability,and techno-economic a nalysis),separation,and product recovery.Types of depolymerization monomers and their value-added products are summarized along with electrocatalytic mechanisms and reaction pathways.Notably,cathode coupled reactions offer significant value for anodic waste plastic oxidation during electrolysis processes.Development of bifunctional electrocatalysts can reduce the cost of coupled systems and complexity of the electrolyzer.Upgrading and recycling of waste plastic monomers using electrocatalytic technology should undergo downstream processing to form high-value products containing C-N and C-S derived functional groups obtained from depolymerized monomers,Electrochemical conversion and upgrading of monomers derived from waste polyester plastics can contribute to industrialization and global economies and help to realize environmental sustainability.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer,characterized by high mortality rates,frequent recurrence and metastasis,poor clinical prognosis,and a complex pathogenesis with ...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer,characterized by high mortality rates,frequent recurrence and metastasis,poor clinical prognosis,and a complex pathogenesis with limited therapeutic options.Autophagy plays a pivotal role in the immune response and functions as a lysosome-mediated degradation mechanism essential for recycling cellular components and eliminating aggregated proteins,damaged organelles,and invasive pathogens,thereby maintaining cellular function and dynamic homeostasis.Additionally,autophagy regulates several critical proteins and signaling pathways,including mammalian target of the rapamycin(mTOR),Beclin-1,the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mTOR signaling pathway,the Hippo/yes-associated protein signaling pathway,and the Janus kinase/signal transducer of activation signaling pathway.This regulatory capa-city of autophagy can potentially prevent or delay the progression of HCC.Nowadays,many studies have shown that different types of herbal monomers such as the more common quercetin,baicalein,berberine and emodin can further regulate autophagy and exert preventive and therapeutic effects on HCC through the modulation of mTOR and other related signaling pathways and so on.In this paper,we examine the mechanisms of autophagy,key proteins and signaling pathways involved,and the modulation of autophagy by Chinese medicine monomers in the prevention and treatment of HCC.This review aims to provide valuable insights for the development of Chinese medicine strategies against HCC and to inform the rational use of these therapies in clinical practice.展开更多
A traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomer is a bioactive compound extracted from Chinese herbal medicines possessing determined biological activity and pharmacological effects,and has gained much attention for treati...A traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomer is a bioactive compound extracted from Chinese herbal medicines possessing determined biological activity and pharmacological effects,and has gained much attention for treating neuronal diseases.However,the application of TCM monomers is limited by their low solubility and poor ability to cross the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles(EVs)ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm in diameter and can be used as drug delivery carriers that directly target cells or tissues with unique advantages,including low toxicity,low immunogenicity,high stability in blood,and the ability to cross the BBB.This review discusses the biogenesis,components,stability,surface modification,isolation technology,advantages,and disadvantages of exosomes as drug carriers and compares exosomes and other similar drug delivery systems.Furthermore,exosome-encapsulated TCM monomers exert neuroprotective roles,such as anti-inflammation,anti-apoptosis,anti-mitophagy,and anti-oxidation,in various neuronal diseases,including Alzheimer's disease(AD),Parkinson's disease(PD),multiple sclerosis(MS),and cerebral ischemia and reperfusion(CI/R)injury,as well as anti-drug resistance,anti-tumorigenesis,anti-angiogenesis,and promotion of apoptosis in brain tumors,providing more inspiration to promote the development of an exosome-based delivery tool in targeted therapy for neuronal diseases.展开更多
The efficient copolymerization of olefin with polar monomers using nickel-based catalysts presents a longstanding challenge. In this contribution, three phosphine-benzocyclone ligands and corresponding neutral nickel ...The efficient copolymerization of olefin with polar monomers using nickel-based catalysts presents a longstanding challenge. In this contribution, three phosphine-benzocyclone ligands and corresponding neutral nickel catalysts(Ni1: Ar = Ph;Ni2: Ar = 2-(C_(6)H_(5))C_(6)H_(4);Ni3: Ar = 2-[2',6'-(Me O)_(2)-C_(6)H3]C_(6)H_(4)) were prepared and applied for the ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomers without any cocatalyst. The bulky substituent groups in complexes Ni2 and Ni3 contributed to high catalytic activities(up to 7.24×10^(6) and 9.04×10^(6)g·mol Ni^(-1)·h^(-1), respectively), and produced high-molecular-weight polyethylene(Mw up to 545.7 k Da). Complex Ni3 exhibited high activities for ethylene polymerization at the level of 10^(6) g·mol Ni^(-1)·h^(-1) across a wide range from 30 ℃ to 120 ℃, exhibiting excellent high temperature tolerance. These nickel complexes were also effectively employed in the copolymerization of ethylene with methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and lauryl acrylate, producing copolymers with high molecular weights(Mw up to 80.5 k Da) and high polar monomer incorporation(up to 8.2 mol%). Microstructure analyses revealed that the introduction of large sterically hindered substituents facilitated the incorporation of polar functional units into the polymer backbone. This study demonstrates the potential of these nickel-based catalysts for efficient copolymerization of olefin with polar monomers.展开更多
Mineral aerosol particles significantly impact environmental risk prediction of liquid crystal monomers(LCMs).In this work,we investigated the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of three typical LCMs(4-cyano-3,5-difluor...Mineral aerosol particles significantly impact environmental risk prediction of liquid crystal monomers(LCMs).In this work,we investigated the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of three typical LCMs(4-cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate(CEB-2F),4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate(CEB-F),and 4-cyanophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate(CEB))with ozone(O_(3))in the atmospheric gas,liquid,and particle phases employing density functional theory(DFT).Here,O_(3)is prone to add to the benzene ring without F atom(s)in the selected LCMs.The ozonolysis products are aldehydes,carboxylic acids,epoxides,and unsaturated hydrocarbons containing aromatic rings.Those products undergo secondary ozonolysis to generate small molecular compounds such as glyoxal,which is beneficial for generating secondary organic aerosol(SOA).Titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),an essential component of mineral aerosol particles,has good adsorption properties for LCMs;however,it slightly reduces the reactivity with O_(3).At 298 K,the reaction rate constant of the selected LCMs reacting with O_(3)in the gas and atmospheric liquid phases is(2.74–5.53)×10^(-24)cm^(3)/(mol·sec)and 5.58×10^(-3)–39.1 L/(mol·sec),while CEB-2F reacting with O_(3)on(TiO_(2))_(6)cluster is 1.84×10^(-24)cm^(3)/(mol·sec).The existence of TiO_(2)clusters increases the persistence and long-distance transportability of LCMs,which enlarges the contaminated area of LCMs.展开更多
In order to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of the effective monomer from Folium Isatidis (FI) in vivo,we established mice model with viral pneumonia and divided them into 3 different dose groups,then obser...In order to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of the effective monomer from Folium Isatidis (FI) in vivo,we established mice model with viral pneumonia and divided them into 3 different dose groups,then observed their lung indexes,pulmonary pathological changes,pulmonary virus hemagglitination titers,living time and death rates.The results showed that the monomer could reduce the pulmonary index from 2.64 to 1.93,1.63 and 1.40 (P<0.01) and decrease the hemagglitination titer from 1.15 to 0.84,0.70 and 0.59 (P<0.01).In addition,different groups of FI could significantly lessen the mortality rate from 100% to 30%,25% and 15%,and prolong the living time from 5.1d to 6.5d,8.4d and 8.9d respectively(P<0.01).The high dose (75 mg/kg/d) has the similar effect with 100 mg/kg/d dose of virazole(P>0.05),and more effective than 200 mg/kg/d dose of antiviral liquor (P<0.05).展开更多
A series of new bisphosphine-monoxide(BPMO)ligands based on benzothiophene backbone and the corresponding palladium complexes{k2-P(O)(Ph)2-3-PR1R2-C8H4S}PdMeCl{2a:R1=R2=Ph;2b:R1=R2=2-0Me-Ph;2c:R1=R2=2-CF3-Ph;2d:Rl=Ph,...A series of new bisphosphine-monoxide(BPMO)ligands based on benzothiophene backbone and the corresponding palladium complexes{k2-P(O)(Ph)2-3-PR1R2-C8H4S}PdMeCl{2a:R1=R2=Ph;2b:R1=R2=2-0Me-Ph;2c:R1=R2=2-CF3-Ph;2d:Rl=Ph,R2=2-(2',6'-(OMe)2C6Hz)-C6H4}were synthesized and fully characterized by1H-,13C-,31P-,and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray dfraction.In the presence of Na+B[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4(NaBArF),these complexes showed very high activities(up to 2.0 x 10’g-mol-1.h-)for ethylene polymerization.More significantly,these catalysts enabled the copolymerization of ethylene with a broad scope of commercially available polar comonomers such as acrylates,acrylic acid,acrylonitrile,vinyltrialkoxysilane,allyl acetate,and long-chain 6-chloro-1-hexene to give functionalized polyethylene with reasonable catalytic activities(up to 105 g-mol-l.h-)and incorporations(up to 5.3 mol96).This contribution suggests that,besides the modulation of conventionally steric and electronic factors,the connectivity(at dfferent linking positions)of BPMO(P,O)donors to the heteroaryl backbone also greatly infuences the catalyst properties in terms of catalytic activity,polymer branching content,comonomer scope,and comonomer incorporation.展开更多
To address the issue of hemilabile catalyst in olefin polymerization catalysis, a cyclizing strategy was used to construct novel N-bridged phosphine-carbonyl palladium and nickel catalysts, resulting in improvements o...To address the issue of hemilabile catalyst in olefin polymerization catalysis, a cyclizing strategy was used to construct novel N-bridged phosphine-carbonyl palladium and nickel catalysts, resulting in improvements on ethylene(co)polymerizations. The N-bridged phosphinecarbonyl Pd catalysts(Pd1-Pd5) and Ni catalysts(Ni1-Ni5) bearing five-to eight-membered-ring structures were designed and synthesized.Catalytic performance for ethylene(co)polymerization became better as the size of N-containing bridge increased. The seven-membered-ring bridged catalysts Pd4 and Ni4 exhibited the best performance in terms of catalytic activity, polymer molecular weight and incorporation of acrylates and acrylic acid. The better performance of these catalysts bearing larger-size bridges was tentatively attributed to the methyleneinduced higher electron density around nitrogen, which strenghtens the coordination of carbonyl group to metal center, and also to the steric effect offered by this cyclization. This work provides a new strategy to enhance hemilabile polymerization catalysts.展开更多
In this paper, we combined high-end cationic UV-curable material with fluorinated chain obtaining a series of new fluorine-containing aromatic oxetane monomers via a mild nucleophilic substitution reaction. The struct...In this paper, we combined high-end cationic UV-curable material with fluorinated chain obtaining a series of new fluorine-containing aromatic oxetane monomers via a mild nucleophilic substitution reaction. The structures and properties of monomers were characterized using ~1 H-NMR, ^（19） F-NMR, dynamic viscosity tests and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. It was determined that all of the fluorinated monomers obtained had much lower viscosity and higher thermostability after the introduction of hexafluorobenzene. Then, UV-curable coatings were prepared using four fluorine-containing aromatic oxetane monomers（FOX1-4）; the UV-curing kinetics, with three kinds of initiators, and properties of the cured films were evaluated using real-time Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy, water and diiodomethane contact angle tests, surface energy calculations and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The FTIR spectroscopy results showed that the coatings possessed excellent conversion rate（〉 99% with liquid initiator PAG-201 in 150 s）, and as the fluorine content increased, the monomers exhibited decreased mobility with the increasing viscosity and worse solubility with fluorinated monomers, resulting in a lower conversion rate. Moreover, the coatings possessed favorable hydrophobic and oleophobic properties and low surface energies owing to the fluoride chains floating to the membrane-air interface, which was also confirmed by discrete concave structures in SEM images. These new kinds of monomers can replace traditional fluorinated cationic monomers applied to the fingerprint resistant, fouling resistant, scratch resistant and anti-aging coatings, adhesives or printing ink materials.展开更多
A series of copolymers comprising butylmethacrylate, styrene, butylacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and perfluoroalkyl methacrylate were synthesized by the free radical polymerization using BPO as an initiator. The su...A series of copolymers comprising butylmethacrylate, styrene, butylacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and perfluoroalkyl methacrylate were synthesized by the free radical polymerization using BPO as an initiator. The surface property of the copolymer films was subsequently characterized. The contact angle measurements and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray （EDAX） show that the length and content of perfluoroalkyl side chains in the copolymers are crucial for the preparation of the film with low surface energy. At a given content of fluorinated monomers in the copolymers, the longer the perfluoroalkyl side chain, the larger the water contact angle of the copolymer films will be. On the other hand, the higher the content of fluorinated monomers, the lower the surface energy is. The water contact angle increases with the increase of the fluorinated monomer content and reaches a plateau at 3 wt% of fluorinated monomer content.展开更多
After setting the ground of the quantum innovation potential of biosourced entities and outlining the inventive spectrum of adjacent technologies that can derive from those, the current review highlights, with the sup...After setting the ground of the quantum innovation potential of biosourced entities and outlining the inventive spectrum of adjacent technologies that can derive from those, the current review highlights, with the support of Bigger Data approaches, and a fairly large number of articles, more than 250 and 10,000 patents, the following. It covers an overview of biosourced chemicals and materials, mainly biomonomers, biooligomers and biopolymers;these are produced today in a way that allows reducing the fossil resources depletion and dependency, and obtaining environmentally-friendlier goods in a leaner energy consuming society. A process with a realistic productivity is underlined thanks to the implementation of recent and specifically effective processes where engineered microorganisms are capable to convert natural non-fossil goods, at industrial scale, into fuels and useful high-value chemicals in good yield. Those processes, further detailed, integrate: metabolic engineering involving 1) system biology, 2) synthetic biology and 3) evolutionary engineering. They enable acceptable production yield and productivity, meet the targeted chemical profiles, minimize the consumption of inputs, reduce the production of by-products and further diminish the overall operation costs. As generally admitted the properties of most natural occurring biopolymers (e.g., starch, poly (lactic acid), PHAs.) are often inferior to those of the polymers derived from petroleum;blends and composites, exhibiting improved properties, are now successfully produced. Specific attention is paid to these aspects. Then further evidence is provided to support the important potential and role of products deriving from the biomass in general. The need to enter into the era of Bigger Data, to grow and increase the awareness and multidimensional role and opportunity of biosourcing serves as a conclusion and future prospects. Although providing a large reference database, this review is largely initiatory, therefore not mimicking previous classic reviews but putting them in a multiplying synergistic prospective.展开更多
Chemistry modifications are usually performed to introduce specific group that can increase properties and functionality of materials. In this study, we present the synthesis of six new functionalized monomers prepare...Chemistry modifications are usually performed to introduce specific group that can increase properties and functionality of materials. In this study, we present the synthesis of six new functionalized monomers prepared by nucleophilic substitution reactions. Reaction of aliphatic and aromatic amines with acryloyl chloride at –20ºC, in presence of triethylamine allowed the synthesis of the corresponding amides. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet- visible (UV-Vis) measurements confirmed the success of the synthesis with a yield over 90%. These compounds emerged as potentially attractive monomers since they can be used to obtain stimuli-sensitive polymeric materials, due to the presence of amide and pyridine groups.展开更多
Totally three articles focusing on Schisandra N-butanol extract effects on hippocampal CA1 synaptic morphology and plasticity in ovarectomized mice, as well as catalpol and GBE50 effects on neuronal synaptic plasticit...Totally three articles focusing on Schisandra N-butanol extract effects on hippocampal CA1 synaptic morphology and plasticity in ovarectomized mice, as well as catalpol and GBE50 effects on neuronal synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex following cerebral ischemia were published in three issues. We hope that our readers find these papers useful to their research.展开更多
BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10, 5 or 2.5 mg/kg Brazil for 14 days after sciatic nerve injury. ResuJts demonstrate that the spleen T/B lymphocyte stimulation index and serum circulating immune comp...BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10, 5 or 2.5 mg/kg Brazil for 14 days after sciatic nerve injury. ResuJts demonstrate that the spleen T/B lymphocyte stimulation index and serum circulating immune complex concentration were significantly reduced, and the morphology of the soleus muscle was restored in mice with sciatic nerve injury. These effects of Brazil were dose-dependent. Our experimental findings indicate that Brazil can regulate immune responses after nerve injury and promote sciatic nerve repair.展开更多
This study examines the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action of total saponins from Rubus parvifolius L. （TSRP） on focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Focal cerebral ischemia and repe...This study examines the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action of total saponins from Rubus parvifolius L. （TSRP） on focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury was performed in rats using the suture method. The results indicate that intragastric injection of TSRP, at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, could decrease neurological impairment, reduce cerebral infarct volume, diminish pathological changes, and significantly inhibit the apoptosis of neurons surrounding the ischemic area. In addition, TSRP upregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, at the protein and mRNA levels, and it downregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax, at the protein and mlRNA levels. These findings indicate that TSRP protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and that it may do so by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.展开更多
The prevalence of prostate cancer in males worldwide is increasing every year.Androgen and androgen receptor drive the development of prostate cancer and are important targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.A gr...The prevalence of prostate cancer in males worldwide is increasing every year.Androgen and androgen receptor drive the development of prostate cancer and are important targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.A growing number of reports indicate that the traditional Chinese medicine has a clear advantage in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.This article provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies of different traditional Chinese medicine monomers acting on the androgen receptor-signaling pathway in prostate cancer.展开更多
In a recent effort hunting for cancer biomarkers, researchers from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (ICCAS) identified a new DNA aptamer (termed BG2) that only binds to alkaline phosphatase (AP) ...In a recent effort hunting for cancer biomarkers, researchers from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (ICCAS) identified a new DNA aptamer (termed BG2) that only binds to alkaline phosphatase (AP) heterodimer rather than its monomers. This newly-identified DNA aptamer, representing as the first molecular probe reported capable of recognizing a protein dimer, could serve as an important tool to uncover the mystery of this particular protein dimer in a biological context. This study was published in Advanced Science on April 9.展开更多
Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) accounts for 80%-85% of all lung malignancies and good diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC are critical to the increase of its survival rate. Tumor-associated macrophages(TAM) abundantly...Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) accounts for 80%-85% of all lung malignancies and good diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC are critical to the increase of its survival rate. Tumor-associated macrophages(TAM) abundantly present in numerous cancer types, and the role of TAMs in tumor biology and their prognostic value in cancer become major topics of interest. After various stimulations in the tumor microenvironment, TAMs develop into a M1(tumor-inhibitory) phenotype or M2(tumor-promoting) phenotype. Recent studies show that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) monomers have markedly inhibitory actions for NSCLC through M1/M2 modulation. Due to the TCM monomers mainly covered five categories, i.e. terpenoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, natural polyphenols, and alkaloids. Thus, we will discuss the regulation of TCM monomers on TAM involve in these five parts in this review. In addition, the potential role of TAMs as therapeutic targets will be discussed.展开更多
As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Pulsatilla Chinensis(P. Chinensis) is widely used in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Recently, medical research has found that the natural product ...As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Pulsatilla Chinensis(P. Chinensis) is widely used in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Recently, medical research has found that the natural product P. Chinensis saponins and their monomeric compounds extracted from P. Chinensis have a variety of biological activities, especially the triterpenoid saponins, which have significant and broad-spectrum anti-tumor effects. Moreover, its anti-tumor molecular mechanisms include inhibition of the growth and proliferation of tumor cells, repression of the migration, invasion, and metastasis, prevention of tumor cell cycle, regulation of cancer cell energy metabolism, anti-tumor angiogenesis, induction of cancer cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy, reversing cancer cell resistance, regulation a variety of related signaling pathways, and improvement of the inflammatory microenvironment of tumor cells. In the present work, we reviewed the related anticancer mechanisms of P. Chinensis saponins and their monomers in different tumors, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of new anti-tumor drugs of P. Chinensis saponins and their monomeric compounds.展开更多
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 22278340&22078272)。
文摘Improving the comprehensive performance of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)has a decisive impact on the wide application of anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs).Herein,we prepared a series of new poly(phenanthrene-co-p-terphenyl piperidinium)(PPTP3F_(x)-DIL)AEMs with different fluorinated monomers for high performance AEMFCs.The polymerization of fluorinated monomers with other aryl monomers can effectively promote the separation of microphase in the membrane.It also has a high OH-conductivity at a low swelling.The membrane(PPTP3F_(4)-DIL)prepared by polycondensation of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(p-tolyl)ethan 1-one monomer achieves a high conductivity of 168.5 mS cm^(-1)at 80℃.At the same time,the water uptake is 40.0%and the swelling ratio is 12.1%.In addition,these membranes also have good mechanical properties and alkaline stability.After 1440 h of treatment in a NaOH(2 M)solution at 80℃,PPTP3F_(x)-DIL still maintains excellent tensile strength(>30.3 MPa)and elongation at break(>43.4%),and the conductivity retention of the PPTP3F_(1)-DIL membrane is 90.3%.The PPTP3F_(4)-DIL-based single cell exhibits a high peak power density(918.1 mW cm^(-2))and excellent durability(100 h)at 80℃.Therefore,these PPTP3F_(x)-DIL membranes have a wide range of applications in AEMFCs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22178181)the Natural Science Fund of Tianjin(No.21JCZDJC00180)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nankai University(No.63243129)).
文摘Electrocatalysis offers efficient and targeted conversion of monomers derived from waste polyester plastics to chemical products under ambient temperature and pressure conditions.This review provides analysis of research on electrochemical upgrading of monomers derived from waste polyester plastics published from2021 to present.Factors for assessing upgrading of waste polyester plastics include alkaline hydrolysis pretreatment,indices of electrochemical reaction process(activity,stability,and techno-economic a nalysis),separation,and product recovery.Types of depolymerization monomers and their value-added products are summarized along with electrocatalytic mechanisms and reaction pathways.Notably,cathode coupled reactions offer significant value for anodic waste plastic oxidation during electrolysis processes.Development of bifunctional electrocatalysts can reduce the cost of coupled systems and complexity of the electrolyzer.Upgrading and recycling of waste plastic monomers using electrocatalytic technology should undergo downstream processing to form high-value products containing C-N and C-S derived functional groups obtained from depolymerized monomers,Electrochemical conversion and upgrading of monomers derived from waste polyester plastics can contribute to industrialization and global economies and help to realize environmental sustainability.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer,characterized by high mortality rates,frequent recurrence and metastasis,poor clinical prognosis,and a complex pathogenesis with limited therapeutic options.Autophagy plays a pivotal role in the immune response and functions as a lysosome-mediated degradation mechanism essential for recycling cellular components and eliminating aggregated proteins,damaged organelles,and invasive pathogens,thereby maintaining cellular function and dynamic homeostasis.Additionally,autophagy regulates several critical proteins and signaling pathways,including mammalian target of the rapamycin(mTOR),Beclin-1,the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mTOR signaling pathway,the Hippo/yes-associated protein signaling pathway,and the Janus kinase/signal transducer of activation signaling pathway.This regulatory capa-city of autophagy can potentially prevent or delay the progression of HCC.Nowadays,many studies have shown that different types of herbal monomers such as the more common quercetin,baicalein,berberine and emodin can further regulate autophagy and exert preventive and therapeutic effects on HCC through the modulation of mTOR and other related signaling pathways and so on.In this paper,we examine the mechanisms of autophagy,key proteins and signaling pathways involved,and the modulation of autophagy by Chinese medicine monomers in the prevention and treatment of HCC.This review aims to provide valuable insights for the development of Chinese medicine strategies against HCC and to inform the rational use of these therapies in clinical practice.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:31900694).
文摘A traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomer is a bioactive compound extracted from Chinese herbal medicines possessing determined biological activity and pharmacological effects,and has gained much attention for treating neuronal diseases.However,the application of TCM monomers is limited by their low solubility and poor ability to cross the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles(EVs)ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm in diameter and can be used as drug delivery carriers that directly target cells or tissues with unique advantages,including low toxicity,low immunogenicity,high stability in blood,and the ability to cross the BBB.This review discusses the biogenesis,components,stability,surface modification,isolation technology,advantages,and disadvantages of exosomes as drug carriers and compares exosomes and other similar drug delivery systems.Furthermore,exosome-encapsulated TCM monomers exert neuroprotective roles,such as anti-inflammation,anti-apoptosis,anti-mitophagy,and anti-oxidation,in various neuronal diseases,including Alzheimer's disease(AD),Parkinson's disease(PD),multiple sclerosis(MS),and cerebral ischemia and reperfusion(CI/R)injury,as well as anti-drug resistance,anti-tumorigenesis,anti-angiogenesis,and promotion of apoptosis in brain tumors,providing more inspiration to promote the development of an exosome-based delivery tool in targeted therapy for neuronal diseases.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52130307)。
文摘The efficient copolymerization of olefin with polar monomers using nickel-based catalysts presents a longstanding challenge. In this contribution, three phosphine-benzocyclone ligands and corresponding neutral nickel catalysts(Ni1: Ar = Ph;Ni2: Ar = 2-(C_(6)H_(5))C_(6)H_(4);Ni3: Ar = 2-[2',6'-(Me O)_(2)-C_(6)H3]C_(6)H_(4)) were prepared and applied for the ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomers without any cocatalyst. The bulky substituent groups in complexes Ni2 and Ni3 contributed to high catalytic activities(up to 7.24×10^(6) and 9.04×10^(6)g·mol Ni^(-1)·h^(-1), respectively), and produced high-molecular-weight polyethylene(Mw up to 545.7 k Da). Complex Ni3 exhibited high activities for ethylene polymerization at the level of 10^(6) g·mol Ni^(-1)·h^(-1) across a wide range from 30 ℃ to 120 ℃, exhibiting excellent high temperature tolerance. These nickel complexes were also effectively employed in the copolymerization of ethylene with methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and lauryl acrylate, producing copolymers with high molecular weights(Mw up to 80.5 k Da) and high polar monomer incorporation(up to 8.2 mol%). Microstructure analyses revealed that the introduction of large sterically hindered substituents facilitated the incorporation of polar functional units into the polymer backbone. This study demonstrates the potential of these nickel-based catalysts for efficient copolymerization of olefin with polar monomers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22276109,21777087,and 21876099)。
文摘Mineral aerosol particles significantly impact environmental risk prediction of liquid crystal monomers(LCMs).In this work,we investigated the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of three typical LCMs(4-cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate(CEB-2F),4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate(CEB-F),and 4-cyanophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate(CEB))with ozone(O_(3))in the atmospheric gas,liquid,and particle phases employing density functional theory(DFT).Here,O_(3)is prone to add to the benzene ring without F atom(s)in the selected LCMs.The ozonolysis products are aldehydes,carboxylic acids,epoxides,and unsaturated hydrocarbons containing aromatic rings.Those products undergo secondary ozonolysis to generate small molecular compounds such as glyoxal,which is beneficial for generating secondary organic aerosol(SOA).Titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),an essential component of mineral aerosol particles,has good adsorption properties for LCMs;however,it slightly reduces the reactivity with O_(3).At 298 K,the reaction rate constant of the selected LCMs reacting with O_(3)in the gas and atmospheric liquid phases is(2.74–5.53)×10^(-24)cm^(3)/(mol·sec)and 5.58×10^(-3)–39.1 L/(mol·sec),while CEB-2F reacting with O_(3)on(TiO_(2))_(6)cluster is 1.84×10^(-24)cm^(3)/(mol·sec).The existence of TiO_(2)clusters increases the persistence and long-distance transportability of LCMs,which enlarges the contaminated area of LCMs.
基金Natural Science Foundation of South Central University for Nationalities (YZQ05011)
文摘In order to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of the effective monomer from Folium Isatidis (FI) in vivo,we established mice model with viral pneumonia and divided them into 3 different dose groups,then observed their lung indexes,pulmonary pathological changes,pulmonary virus hemagglitination titers,living time and death rates.The results showed that the monomer could reduce the pulmonary index from 2.64 to 1.93,1.63 and 1.40 (P<0.01) and decrease the hemagglitination titer from 1.15 to 0.84,0.70 and 0.59 (P<0.01).In addition,different groups of FI could significantly lessen the mortality rate from 100% to 30%,25% and 15%,and prolong the living time from 5.1d to 6.5d,8.4d and 8.9d respectively(P<0.01).The high dose (75 mg/kg/d) has the similar effect with 100 mg/kg/d dose of virazole(P>0.05),and more effective than 200 mg/kg/d dose of antiviral liquor (P<0.05).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21871250)the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department Program(No.20190201009JC)Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program-Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group Co,Ltd.Joint Fund(No.2019JLZ-02).
文摘A series of new bisphosphine-monoxide(BPMO)ligands based on benzothiophene backbone and the corresponding palladium complexes{k2-P(O)(Ph)2-3-PR1R2-C8H4S}PdMeCl{2a:R1=R2=Ph;2b:R1=R2=2-0Me-Ph;2c:R1=R2=2-CF3-Ph;2d:Rl=Ph,R2=2-(2',6'-(OMe)2C6Hz)-C6H4}were synthesized and fully characterized by1H-,13C-,31P-,and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray dfraction.In the presence of Na+B[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4(NaBArF),these complexes showed very high activities(up to 2.0 x 10’g-mol-1.h-)for ethylene polymerization.More significantly,these catalysts enabled the copolymerization of ethylene with a broad scope of commercially available polar comonomers such as acrylates,acrylic acid,acrylonitrile,vinyltrialkoxysilane,allyl acetate,and long-chain 6-chloro-1-hexene to give functionalized polyethylene with reasonable catalytic activities(up to 105 g-mol-l.h-)and incorporations(up to 5.3 mol96).This contribution suggests that,besides the modulation of conventionally steric and electronic factors,the connectivity(at dfferent linking positions)of BPMO(P,O)donors to the heteroaryl backbone also greatly infuences the catalyst properties in terms of catalytic activity,polymer branching content,comonomer scope,and comonomer incorporation.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22122110 ad 21871250)the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department Program (No. 20200801009GH)Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program-Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd. Joint Fund (No. 2019JLZ-02)。
文摘To address the issue of hemilabile catalyst in olefin polymerization catalysis, a cyclizing strategy was used to construct novel N-bridged phosphine-carbonyl palladium and nickel catalysts, resulting in improvements on ethylene(co)polymerizations. The N-bridged phosphinecarbonyl Pd catalysts(Pd1-Pd5) and Ni catalysts(Ni1-Ni5) bearing five-to eight-membered-ring structures were designed and synthesized.Catalytic performance for ethylene(co)polymerization became better as the size of N-containing bridge increased. The seven-membered-ring bridged catalysts Pd4 and Ni4 exhibited the best performance in terms of catalytic activity, polymer molecular weight and incorporation of acrylates and acrylic acid. The better performance of these catalysts bearing larger-size bridges was tentatively attributed to the methyleneinduced higher electron density around nitrogen, which strenghtens the coordination of carbonyl group to metal center, and also to the steric effect offered by this cyclization. This work provides a new strategy to enhance hemilabile polymerization catalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21574014)
文摘In this paper, we combined high-end cationic UV-curable material with fluorinated chain obtaining a series of new fluorine-containing aromatic oxetane monomers via a mild nucleophilic substitution reaction. The structures and properties of monomers were characterized using ~1 H-NMR, ^（19） F-NMR, dynamic viscosity tests and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. It was determined that all of the fluorinated monomers obtained had much lower viscosity and higher thermostability after the introduction of hexafluorobenzene. Then, UV-curable coatings were prepared using four fluorine-containing aromatic oxetane monomers（FOX1-4）; the UV-curing kinetics, with three kinds of initiators, and properties of the cured films were evaluated using real-time Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy, water and diiodomethane contact angle tests, surface energy calculations and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The FTIR spectroscopy results showed that the coatings possessed excellent conversion rate（〉 99% with liquid initiator PAG-201 in 150 s）, and as the fluorine content increased, the monomers exhibited decreased mobility with the increasing viscosity and worse solubility with fluorinated monomers, resulting in a lower conversion rate. Moreover, the coatings possessed favorable hydrophobic and oleophobic properties and low surface energies owing to the fluoride chains floating to the membrane-air interface, which was also confirmed by discrete concave structures in SEM images. These new kinds of monomers can replace traditional fluorinated cationic monomers applied to the fingerprint resistant, fouling resistant, scratch resistant and anti-aging coatings, adhesives or printing ink materials.
基金This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50273008)Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
文摘A series of copolymers comprising butylmethacrylate, styrene, butylacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and perfluoroalkyl methacrylate were synthesized by the free radical polymerization using BPO as an initiator. The surface property of the copolymer films was subsequently characterized. The contact angle measurements and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray （EDAX） show that the length and content of perfluoroalkyl side chains in the copolymers are crucial for the preparation of the film with low surface energy. At a given content of fluorinated monomers in the copolymers, the longer the perfluoroalkyl side chain, the larger the water contact angle of the copolymer films will be. On the other hand, the higher the content of fluorinated monomers, the lower the surface energy is. The water contact angle increases with the increase of the fluorinated monomer content and reaches a plateau at 3 wt% of fluorinated monomer content.
文摘After setting the ground of the quantum innovation potential of biosourced entities and outlining the inventive spectrum of adjacent technologies that can derive from those, the current review highlights, with the support of Bigger Data approaches, and a fairly large number of articles, more than 250 and 10,000 patents, the following. It covers an overview of biosourced chemicals and materials, mainly biomonomers, biooligomers and biopolymers;these are produced today in a way that allows reducing the fossil resources depletion and dependency, and obtaining environmentally-friendlier goods in a leaner energy consuming society. A process with a realistic productivity is underlined thanks to the implementation of recent and specifically effective processes where engineered microorganisms are capable to convert natural non-fossil goods, at industrial scale, into fuels and useful high-value chemicals in good yield. Those processes, further detailed, integrate: metabolic engineering involving 1) system biology, 2) synthetic biology and 3) evolutionary engineering. They enable acceptable production yield and productivity, meet the targeted chemical profiles, minimize the consumption of inputs, reduce the production of by-products and further diminish the overall operation costs. As generally admitted the properties of most natural occurring biopolymers (e.g., starch, poly (lactic acid), PHAs.) are often inferior to those of the polymers derived from petroleum;blends and composites, exhibiting improved properties, are now successfully produced. Specific attention is paid to these aspects. Then further evidence is provided to support the important potential and role of products deriving from the biomass in general. The need to enter into the era of Bigger Data, to grow and increase the awareness and multidimensional role and opportunity of biosourcing serves as a conclusion and future prospects. Although providing a large reference database, this review is largely initiatory, therefore not mimicking previous classic reviews but putting them in a multiplying synergistic prospective.
文摘Chemistry modifications are usually performed to introduce specific group that can increase properties and functionality of materials. In this study, we present the synthesis of six new functionalized monomers prepared by nucleophilic substitution reactions. Reaction of aliphatic and aromatic amines with acryloyl chloride at –20ºC, in presence of triethylamine allowed the synthesis of the corresponding amides. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet- visible (UV-Vis) measurements confirmed the success of the synthesis with a yield over 90%. These compounds emerged as potentially attractive monomers since they can be used to obtain stimuli-sensitive polymeric materials, due to the presence of amide and pyridine groups.
文摘Totally three articles focusing on Schisandra N-butanol extract effects on hippocampal CA1 synaptic morphology and plasticity in ovarectomized mice, as well as catalpol and GBE50 effects on neuronal synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex following cerebral ischemia were published in three issues. We hope that our readers find these papers useful to their research.
文摘BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10, 5 or 2.5 mg/kg Brazil for 14 days after sciatic nerve injury. ResuJts demonstrate that the spleen T/B lymphocyte stimulation index and serum circulating immune complex concentration were significantly reduced, and the morphology of the soleus muscle was restored in mice with sciatic nerve injury. These effects of Brazil were dose-dependent. Our experimental findings indicate that Brazil can regulate immune responses after nerve injury and promote sciatic nerve repair.
文摘This study examines the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action of total saponins from Rubus parvifolius L. （TSRP） on focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury was performed in rats using the suture method. The results indicate that intragastric injection of TSRP, at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, could decrease neurological impairment, reduce cerebral infarct volume, diminish pathological changes, and significantly inhibit the apoptosis of neurons surrounding the ischemic area. In addition, TSRP upregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, at the protein and mRNA levels, and it downregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax, at the protein and mlRNA levels. These findings indicate that TSRP protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and that it may do so by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81603438 and No.81802568).
文摘The prevalence of prostate cancer in males worldwide is increasing every year.Androgen and androgen receptor drive the development of prostate cancer and are important targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.A growing number of reports indicate that the traditional Chinese medicine has a clear advantage in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.This article provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies of different traditional Chinese medicine monomers acting on the androgen receptor-signaling pathway in prostate cancer.
文摘In a recent effort hunting for cancer biomarkers, researchers from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (ICCAS) identified a new DNA aptamer (termed BG2) that only binds to alkaline phosphatase (AP) heterodimer rather than its monomers. This newly-identified DNA aptamer, representing as the first molecular probe reported capable of recognizing a protein dimer, could serve as an important tool to uncover the mystery of this particular protein dimer in a biological context. This study was published in Advanced Science on April 9.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473546)National Center for International Research(No.2015B01022)+1 种基金the Regional Collaborative Innovation Center of Tibetan Medicine(No.2017XTCX012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018-JYBZZ-XJSJJ011)
文摘Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) accounts for 80%-85% of all lung malignancies and good diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC are critical to the increase of its survival rate. Tumor-associated macrophages(TAM) abundantly present in numerous cancer types, and the role of TAMs in tumor biology and their prognostic value in cancer become major topics of interest. After various stimulations in the tumor microenvironment, TAMs develop into a M1(tumor-inhibitory) phenotype or M2(tumor-promoting) phenotype. Recent studies show that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) monomers have markedly inhibitory actions for NSCLC through M1/M2 modulation. Due to the TCM monomers mainly covered five categories, i.e. terpenoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, natural polyphenols, and alkaloids. Thus, we will discuss the regulation of TCM monomers on TAM involve in these five parts in this review. In addition, the potential role of TAMs as therapeutic targets will be discussed.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81703768 and 81803400)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2017MH118 and ZR2018BH045)。
文摘As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Pulsatilla Chinensis(P. Chinensis) is widely used in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Recently, medical research has found that the natural product P. Chinensis saponins and their monomeric compounds extracted from P. Chinensis have a variety of biological activities, especially the triterpenoid saponins, which have significant and broad-spectrum anti-tumor effects. Moreover, its anti-tumor molecular mechanisms include inhibition of the growth and proliferation of tumor cells, repression of the migration, invasion, and metastasis, prevention of tumor cell cycle, regulation of cancer cell energy metabolism, anti-tumor angiogenesis, induction of cancer cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy, reversing cancer cell resistance, regulation a variety of related signaling pathways, and improvement of the inflammatory microenvironment of tumor cells. In the present work, we reviewed the related anticancer mechanisms of P. Chinensis saponins and their monomers in different tumors, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of new anti-tumor drugs of P. Chinensis saponins and their monomeric compounds.
